stepbystep3000第三册unit8答案
stepbystep第三册答案
Unit 1 World News: International RelationsPart I Warming upATapescripts:1.The former American Defense Secretary William Perry hasrecommended a radical change of policy towards North Korea.2.Hundreds of thousands of mothers from across the United Statesgathered here in Washington Sunday to push for tougher gun control laws.3.There's been further fighting between Macedonian forces and EthnicAlbanian guerrillas inside the Macedonian border with Kosovo.4.A bomb dropped by the United State's navy aircraft during training inKuwait has hit a group of military observers, killing six of them.5.NATO is taking a number of steps to allay growing disquiet about thepossible health risks from ammunitions containing depleted uranium, which it used in Kosovo and Bosnia.BSummaryThis news report tells us that the United Nations Human Rights Commission was going to hold an emergency meeting to deal with the crisis situation between Israelis and Palestinians.Answers to the questions:1. 532. 483. 34. The United States5. Canada6. October 18th7. No more than three days8. To get the Israelis and Palestinians back to the negotiating table9. 4 / Bosnian war / genocide in Rwanda / violence in East Timor Tapescript:Forty-eight of the ( United Nations Human Rights Commission's) 53 member nations voted to hold the emergency meeting. The United States cast the sole dissenting vote and Canada abstained. Three other countries did not vote.The special meeting will begin October 18th and will last for no more than three days.UN spokeswoman Marie Heuze says one purpose of the meeting is to try to learn how the cycle of violence between Israelis and Palestinians can be stopped."When you have such a high-profile for a crisis which is so dangerous, not only for the people in Palestine and in Israel, but in the region, there is a fear -- and this is probably why there was a large consensus on thismeeting to discuss the issue -- because the situation in this part of the world is so volatile, so dangerous, so important to control that everybody thinks that they have something to contribute."Ms Heuze says she thinks the United Nations and the international community as a whole can play a constructive role in the present situation and in trying to get the Israelis and Palestinians back to the negotiating table. Officials from the UN Human Rights Commission will discuss the agenda toward the meeting on Wednesday.This is only the fifth time the commission has gone into emergency meeting to deal with a crisis situation. Previous sessions dealt with the Bosnian war, the genocide in Rwanda, and the violence in East Timor. Questions:1. How many members are there in the UN Human Rights Commission?2. How many of them voted to hold the emergency meeting?3. How many of them didn't vote?4. Which country cast the dissenting vote?5. Which country abstained?6. When will the meeting begin?7. How long will it last?8. What's the purpose of this meeting?9. How many emergency meetings have been held before this one?What were the three crisis situations that they dealt with?Unit 2 Earth and EnvironmentPart 1 Warming upB1. It attempts to balance environmental concerns and the needs of the community.2. Reptile species are in greater trouble than amphibian species.3. A new approach in the fight against the illegal drugs trade.4. One in every eight species of plants is threatened with extinction.5. A new local directory for the environmentally-aware, called the “Boulder County Green Pages”.Part II News ReportsA...Washingto n … the information economy … deteriorating health of the planet … information economy … communication … education andentertainment … physical exam … vital signs … species … climate … temperatures … water tables … glaciers … forests … fisheries … to stabilize both climate and world population growthUnit 3 World News: Economic DevelopmentsPart I Warming upA1. Who have been meeting in Hong Kong today to discuss the outlook for the global economy?Central Bank governors from more than a dozen countries.2. What does UNCTAD say about the worldwide total of foreign investment?It grew by 40% last Year to more than 600 billion dollars.3. Who has approved a cut in income tax rates?The United States House of Representatives.4. Who has announced job cuts after a fall in demand for its products? IntelWhat is its plan?To reduce its workforce by5,000.5. What decisions have been made by EU, the U.S. and Canada after a case of foot-and-mouth disease was confirmed in France?EU has imposed further restrictions on the movement of livestock.The U.S. and Canada have issued temporary bans on the import of animalproduce from EU.Tapescript:1. Central Bank governors from more than a dozen countries have been meeting in Hong Kong today. One subject they likely discussed is the outlook for the global economy because of the U. S. slowdown and Japan's struggling recovery. Another topic they may have discussed is how to strengthen financial markets in emerging economies in Asia and elsewhere.2. A United Nations' report says the worldwide total of foreign investment grew by nearly 40% last year to more than 600 billion dollars. The report by the UN Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD says most of it took place between developed countries as big companies took one another over.3. The United States House of Representatives has approved a cut in income tax rates, the first part of a package of tax cutting measures put forward by President Bush. The income tax reductions will amount to nearly 1 trillion dollars over ten years.4. The world's largest maker of computer chips, Intel, has announced job cuts after a fall in demand for its products. Intel said it expected its revenue in the first quarter of this year to fall by a quarter than the same period last year. The California-based company plans to reduce its85,000-strong work force by 5,000.5. The European Union has imposed further restrictions on the movement of live-stock after a case of foot-and-mouth disease was confirmed in France. The United States and Canada have issued temporary bans on the import of all animal produce from EU countries.Part II News reportsASummary:This news report is about Forbes's "Super 100 Global" list.Answer the questions:1. Which of the following corporations are the top five on Forbes's list? Mark their ranks.2 Citigroup4 HSBC Banking Company-- BP-Amoco5 Daimler-Chrysler1 General Electric Corporationn Microsoft3 Bank of America2. How are the companies ranked?The companies are ranked with a composite formula, which includes total sales, profits, assets and market capitalization, or the total value of their stock.3. How are the 100 companies distributed?46 in the United States, 54 in Europe and Japan.4. Why were none of the Internet-related firms included in the list? Because most of the Internet-related firms have little or no profits so far. Tapescripts:For the second year in a row, the General Electric Corporation is ranked number one in an annual survey of the 100 most powerful corporations in the world.The survey, compiled and published by Forbes business magazine, shows General Electric of the United States ranked number one, followed in second and third place by the U.S. banking and financial services giants Citigroup and Bank of America. In fourth and fifth place are theBritish-based HSBC Banking Company and Daimler-Chrysler, the German-American auto-company. The companies are ranked with a composite formula, which includes total sales, profits, assets and market capitalization, or the total value of its (their) stock. What the magazine calls its "Super 100 Global" list are 46 companies based in the United States and 54 in Europe and Japan.Mike Ozanian, the Forbes editor who compiled the list, says there is a growing trend of international mergers and acquisitions, citing companies such as Daimler-Chrysler and BP-Amoco, the Anglo-American Oil Company. Mr. Ozanian says that despite the huge capitalizations of manyInternet-related firms, none were included because most have little, if any, profits -- at least not yet.英语专业学生经典的听力材料Part IA11. A successful brain tissue transplant carried out by a South African surgeon.2. The discovery of a new way to increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy.3. The possibility of a new way to treat glaucoma.4. A new research on writing which shows that writing can result in clinically meaningful outcomes.A new research on writing which shows that writing can help people with chronic illness improve their health.5. The theory and function of acupuncture.A21. A week ago / Parkinson’s disease.2. A natural defense mechanism3. The death of brain cells4. Meeting patients’ psychological needs produces physical health benefits.5. Side effects / cut back on medication.1. The world’s leading transplant surgeon, Dr Christo pher Bernard, has carried out one of the most difficult brain tissue transplants yet attempted. The South African surgeon has succeeded in transplanting tissues into the human brain in what is thought to be the first operation of its kind. The surgery was performed a week ago on a patient suffering from Parkinson’s disease. A portion of the patient’s adrenal gland was implanted into a part of the patient’s brain, an operation which has previously been performed only on rats and monkeys.2. Approximately a third of all people develop cancer at one point in their lives. Chemotherapy has its limitations, but it is one of the major treatment options. Some American scientists have discovered they can increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy by inhibiting a natural defense mechanism employed by cancer cells.3. Glaucoma is responsible for blindness in an estimated 67 million people around the world. Until now, treatments have focused exclusively on the eyes. But that may change in the next few year, following the discovery that glaucoma involves the death of brain cells.4. New research shows that the simple act of writing down thoughts about a stressful event can help people with chronic illnesses improve their health. This is the first study to show that writing can result inclinically meaningful outcomes for chronically-ill patients. The study adds to the growing amount of scientific literature suggesting that meeting patient’s psychological needs produces physical health benefits.5. Traditional Chinese medicine says that good health is associated with the balance of Qi. Qi can be hindered or helped by yang and yin. According to traditional theory, the goal of acupuncture is to promote the flow of qi by keeping yin and yang in balance ---- and this is done by inserting needles at various points along primary channels and meridians that crisscross the body. One of the key benefits of acupuncture is that it has few, if any, side-effects; and that when used with standard drug treatment --- in anesthesia, for example --- it allows physicians to cut back on medication, delivering the same level of benefit with fewer negative effects/Part IV1. NHS’(英国国民健康保险制度) greater focus on prevention1. a gimmick2. a: increased screening2. proper timetablee.g. heart disease, stroke, cancer 3. treatmentb: the most vulnerable4. private healthcarec: more widely available听力原文：It seems that politicians around the world are thinking about the health of their countries. While in China, Chen Zhu has announced his plans for a universal health service and reform across health services, Gordon Brown, the UK Prime Minister, ahs also announced he is planning to make some changes in our heath service.The crux of Mr. Brown’s propos als are related to giving the NHS （National Health Service）a greater focus on prevention, rather than just curing patients.He is planning to introduce increased screening for common diseases such as heart disease, strokes, and cancer, for example breast cancer. In Britain there are 200,000 deaths a year from heart attacks and strokes, many of which might have been avoided if the condition had been known about.Initially, the diagnostic tests will be available fro those who are most vulnerable, or most likely to have the disease, but later on the Prime Minister claims that they will be more widely available. One example is a plan to offer all men over 65 an ultrasound test to check for problems with the main artery, a condition which kills 3,000 men a year.The opposition have criticized Mr Brown’s proposals, saying that they are just a gimmick, and claiming that there is no proper timetable for thechanges. They also say that Mr. Brown is reducing the money available for the treatment of certain conditions while putting more money towards testing for them.The NHS was founded in 1948, and is paid for by taxation. The idea is that the rich pa more towards the health service than the poor. However in recent years there has been a great increase in the use of private healthcare.Many people who can afford it choose to pay for medical care, often because it can be quicker, although the doctors and hospitals are often the same!! NHS waiting lists for operations can be very long, so people can jump the queue by paying for their operation.英语专业学生经典的听力材料Unit 8 ArchitecturePart I Warming upB1.The Palais du Louvre:Location: heart of ParisBeginning year of construction: 1527Time when first used as a public art gallery: 1793The Louvre Pyramid:Designer: Ieoh Ming PeiUse: the main entrance to the Palais du LouvreHeight: 21mWidth: 33mMaterials: steel tubes, cables, sheet glassYear of completion: 1988Tapescript:The Palais du Louvre stands at the heart of Paris, and houses one of the world's greatest collections of works of art. The original palace dates from 1527, and it was extended and added to over the next four centuries. It was first used as a public art gallery in 1793. In 1981, theChinese-American architect Ieoh Ming Pei was commissioned to redevelop the public part of the Louvre and create more space for reception areas and services. He designed the famous Glass Pyramid, which serves as the main entrance to the building, leading underground to the museum and art gallery. The Pyramid is 21 meters high and 33 meters wide, and uses a combination of steel tubes, cables and sheet glass. It was completed in 1988, and quickly became a major tourist attraction in its own right.B21. She likes the Louvre Pyramid because of the transparency, and it has a light effect.2. She likes the Louvre Pyramid for its contrast of shapes. It emphasizesthe beauty of the Louvre.3. She thinks the right thing is to put something so contradictory to the Louvre. They stand in dialogue with each other and they don't try to complement each other.4. She thinks it would have been the biggest mistake to try to build something similar to the Louvre.Tapescript:I like the Louvre Pyramid because of its transparency, because you can just look through it, and it has a very light effect. It is not heavy and it is made of glass, and so it looks like a light object. And I like it for its contrast of shapes, because it is such a contrast to the Louvre building that in fact it doesn't interfere with the beauty of the Louvre, but it even, it emphasizes the beauty of the Louvre. And in the evening when this pyramid is lighted, it's just a source of light to put the Louvre into a new light. And this has for me also a symbolic meaning. And it is such an unexpected shape in this urban context, just to use a traditional shape of a pyramid built in new materials with new technologies, high-tech, and so on, that it is a completely surprising effect. So that people get shocked by it or they like it, but there is nobody who would be uninvolved or who could just pass and not notice this building. So it's something you have to look at. And I think this is also very important in building, and creating something in the cities, and exactly for example close to these historicalbuildings which are such a... they are so sensitive topics that nobody dares to touch them. I think the right thing is really to put something so contradictory to it that they stand in dialogue with each other and they don't even try to complement each other. Because it would have been the biggest mistake to try to build something similar to the Louvre, to put a building which would copy the Louvre, because it would just mean that we don't live in continuity, the architecture doesn't continue its history, but it would mean that architecture stands still on the level of the 17th century, and that would be a lie.Part II eco-conscious constructionAThe world’s first eco-city /off the coastAgricultural land /half a million /$1.3 billion /a sustainability consultantSustainable developmentA more ecologically friendly model /minimize impact on nature /solar and wind power /power and fertilizers /electric cars英语专业学生经典的听力材料Unit 11 TourismPart IA1. resort3. Golden Mile4. stag and hen partiesThe south coast 1. its pier with theaters / restaurants 2.shoppingSouthwest 1. scenery2.warmer climate2. British surfing1. Blackpool2. South CornwellTranscript:Most visitors to the UK come here expecting the rain and miserable weather for which the country is famous. However, when summer finally does arrive, the British people like nothing more than packing their trunks and swimming costumes and heading for the coast. The UK is, after all, an island, and with 12,400 km of coastline to explore. Any visitor to the UK will be spoilt for choice. Here are some of the more famous resorts that you could expect to visit on a rip to BritainBlackpool, in the northwest of England, is the most visited resort in the UK. Each year around 6.5 to 7 million people come to enjoy the mile of sandy beaches, the 158 m Blackpool Tower and the 11 km-long Golden Mile, where there are entertainments, pubs, ice rinks and even a zoo. A firm family favorite, it has also become a popular destination for stag and hen parties.At the other end of the country on the south coast you can find Brighton. Until 1786, Brighton was a sleepy village. Then the future King George IV decided to build a residence there, and over the years Brighton grew into the large, cosmopolitan center it is now.A part from the beaches, Brighton is famous for its pier. On the pier there are theaters, entertainments and restaurants. Brighton is also fantastic for shopping.If you fancy traveling a little further, why not go to Cornwell inn the far southwest the UK? South Cornwell offers miles of sandy beaches andbeautiful scenery. The climate here is warmer than the rest of Britain and you can even find plan trees.For a bit more excitement, go to North Cornwell. The scenery here is more dramatic, and the beaches are famous for their powerful waves. As a result, North Cornwell has become the home f British surfing.One word of warning though, if you are using the roads in the UK on bank holidays or during school holidays, you can expect long traffic jams on the motorways. It might be better to take the train.Part IIAExcessive visitors (averaged 50,000 during golden weeks)Cultural relics in the museumAn electronic ticket checking system1). Real time record of the number of visitors inside the museum2). Maximum reception capacityThe flow of touristsTranscript:Troubled by excessive visitors, the Palace Museum or Forbidden Cityin Beijing will adopt an electronic ticket checking system and make the control of the flow of tourists. The new system will keep a real time record of the number of visitors inside the museum, and inform the ticket office to hold ticket sales onc e the number exceeds the musuem’s maximum reception capacity. The Palace Museum, on of the most comprehensive Chinese museums, in terms of history and art, was established on the foundation of the palace that was the ritual center during two dynasties, the Ming and the Qing, and their collection of treasures. It has topped the must-see list of almost every visitor to the capital city. In recent years, the number of daily visitors to the Palace Museum averaged 50,000 during golden weeks, the week-long national holidays observed three times a year in China. Superfluous tourists have caused damage to cultural relics in the museum.。
stepbystep3000I教案Unit8
stepbystep3000I教案Unit8Unit 81. buy 英[ba?]VERB买；购买If you buy something, you obtain it by paying money for it.2. meeting 英[?mi:t??] the social act of assembling for some common purpose; 会议3. trade 英[tre?d]N-UNCOUNT贸易;买卖;交易Trade is the activity of buying, selling, or exchanging goods or services between people, firms, or countries.4. sell 英[sel]VERB卖;出让;转让If you sell something that you own, you let someone have it in return for money.5. release oil 漏油6. aid 英[e?d]N-UNCOUNT援助;救助;资助Aid is money, equipment, or services that are provided for people, countries, or organizations who need them but cannot provide them for themselves.7．common import tax 共同进口税8. market drops 市场下跌9. stock prices 股票价格10. interest rate 英[?intrist reit]N-COUNT利(息)率The interest rate is the amount of interest that must be paid. It is expressed as a percentage of the amount that is borrowed or gained as profit.11. aerospace 英[?e?r??spe?s]N-UNCOUNT航空航天（工业）Aerospace companies are involved in developing and making rockets, missiles, space vehicles, and related equipment.12. loan 英[l??n] N-COUNT贷款；借款A loan is a sum of money that you borrow.13. protest 英[?pr??test] VERB抗议；提出异议；反对If you protest against something or about something, you say or show publicly that you object to it. In American English, you usually say that you protest it.14. EU member 欧盟成员15. low price 英[l?u prais] 低物价;16. cut tax 减税17. peace and security 英[pi:s ?nd si?kju?riti][法] 和平与安全，治安;18. policy 英[?p?l?si]N-VAR（尤指政治、经济或商业方面的）政策，方针，策略A policy is a set of ideas or plans that is used as a basis for making decisions, especially in politics, economics, or business.19. inflation 英[?n?fle??n]N-UNCOUNT通货膨胀Inflation is a general increase in the prices of goods and services in a country.20. Japanese ports 日本港口21. economy 英[??k?n?mi] n. 节约; 经济; 理财; 秩序;the system of production and distribution and consumption22. demonstrator 英[?dem?nstre?t?(r)]N-COUNT示威者;示威游行（或集会）者Demonstrators are people who are marching or gathering somewhere to show their opposition to something or their support for something.23. senate 英[?sen?t]N-PROPER-COLL (美国、澳大利亚等国议会的)参议院The Senate is the smaller and more important of the two parts of the parliament in some countries, for example the United States and Australia。
step by step 3000 第三册Unit_8_录音文本
Unit 8 Everybody Can Help the EnvironmentPart I Warming upSection AYou are going to hear about sonic green organizations. Listen carefully and fill in the blanks with what you hear.Tapescript:1.Greenpeace is an independent global campaigning organization that acts tochange attitudes and behaviour, to protect and conserve the environment and to promote peace.2.WWF World Wildlife Foundation was born into the world in 1961. Itsultimate goal is to build a future where people live in harmony with nature.3.SOS is the ongoing messaging campaign and larger movement behindLive Earth. The message of SOS is that everyone, everywhere can and must Answer the Call to solve the climate crisis.4.Green School Project is an organization that helps schools across the USwith their budgets in order to reduce the amount of waste that goes to the landfill.5.On December 10, 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Changeand Al Gore Jr. were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for “their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that arc needed tocounteract such change.”6.Friends of the Earth International is the world’s largest grassrootsenvironmental network, uniting 70 national member groups and some 5,000 local activist groups on every continent. It campaigns on today’s most urgent environmental and social issues.7.EEB European Environmental Bureau is a non-governmental organizationwith 143 member organizations in 31 countries. Its specific mission is to promote environmental policies and sustainable policies on the European Union level.8.The Surfrider Foundation is a non-profit grassroots organization dedicatedto the protection and enjoyment of the world's oceans, waves and beaches.Founded in 1984 in California, it now maintains over 50,000 members worldwide.GBC The U.S. Green Building Council is a non-profit organizationcommitted to transforming the way buildings and communities arc designed, built and operated, enabling an environmentally and socially responsible, healthy, and prosperous environment that improves the quality of life.10.F ounded in 1977, the Alliance to Save Energy is a non-profit organizationthat supports energy efficiency and advocates energy-efficiency policies that minimize costs to society and individual consumers, and that lessengreenhouse gas emissions and their impact on the global climate.11.T he Earth Organization is a grassroots international non-profit,conservation and environmental organization, with new solutions, committed to the creative, responsible rehabilitation of Planet Earth and the plant and animal kingdoms.12.T WP Trees, Water & People is a nonprofit organization founded in 1998,helping communities protect, conserve, and manage the natural resources upon which their long-term well-being depends.13.A m erican Forests is America’s oldest nonprofit citizens’ conservationorganization founded in 1875. Ft works to protect, the natural capital of trees and forests. Healthy forests filter water, remove air pollution, sequester carbon, and provide homes for wildlife.14.G AA The Global Amphibian Assessment is the first-ever comprehensiveassessment of t he conservation status of the world’s 5,918 known species of frogs, toads, salamanders, and caecilians. Almost 000 scientists from 60 countries have now contributed to the project.15.A SHS The American Solar Energy Society, founded in 1954, is anon-profit organization dedicated to increasing the use of solar energy, energy efficiency, and other sustainable technologies in the U. S.Section B1.Buy fresh food that doesn’t need a lot of packaging.2.Try to buy “organic” fruit and vegetables from farmers who don’t usechemicals.3.Save as much water as possible.e products that won’t stay forever in the earth or sea when you throwthem away.e bottles more than once or take them to a bottle bank.6.Try to save paper. Also, buy and use recycled paper as often as possible.7.Avoid“throw-away” products.8.Make sure that your family and friends use unleaded petrol in their cars.9.Don’t buy prod ucts (fur or ivory, for example) made from rare orprotected species.e public transportation as often as possible.11.If you’re buying wood, don’t choose hardwood from tropical rainforests.12.Look for aerosols which haven’t got any CFCs in them.13.Don’t buy hamburgers or pizzas in plastic boxes which contain CFCs.e batteries as little as possible. It takes 50 times more energy to makethem than they produce.15.Don’t leave on electric lights, TV, hi-fi, etc, if you’re not using them.16.Find out more about conservation issues in your area. Are there anywoods or fields in danger, for example?17.Try to throw away at least 25% less rubbish.18.Help old people in your area to insulate their homes. This saves energyand helps to keep them warm in winter.19.Visit any local nature reserves or zoos and talk to the people who runthem.Part II Campaign California Re-LeafSection AA Listen to three short talks given by three persons. Fill in the missing words.1.Time is not neutral. We are so rapidly depleting the atmosphere, we areso rapidly changing the climate, that unless we start now the situation may well become irreversible.2.Unless the environmenta l movement comes into everybody’s life in realsimple activities, it’s not going to work. Planting a tree is real simple. SoI want to participate in something that is really accessible to the citizen,just to everyday people, to children. So that as citizens we can do a lot.3.It’s one step in a combination of things. The other kinds of things that wecan all be doing are being much more conscious about how we use energy in our home, whether we’re buying -— ah —fuel efficient cars and products, whether we’re using Styrofoam when we don't have to be,— ah — whether we’re turning off light bulbs when we — ah — leave the room — um — and just a variety of personal actions like recycling, we need to start thinking about and doing more.B Now listen to the whole report. Answer the questions with key words.1.What is the focus of the party in San Francisco Washington Square Park?planting single tree2.What is the purpose of the tree-planting campaign?deflate Greenhouse Effect/ take CO23.Why do you think Actor Peter Cyote took part in the tree plantingceremony and served as the master?real simple activities/ accessible to people/ citizen/ do a lot4.Why are tree plantings important according to Isobel Wade?clean up CO2 / improve environment / neighborhoods attractive5.Apart from tree planting, what other things do we need to start thinkingabout?a variety of personal actionsTapescript:Campaign California Re-Leaf as in L-E-A-F was kicked off recently with a party in San Francisco’s Washington Square Park thrown by a coalition of seven urban forestry groups. The focus of the party was the planting of a single tree, the first of 20 million to be planted in 40 Californian cities overthe next decade. The tree planting campaign is an attempt to deflate what’s being called the Greenhouse Effect. Scientists believe that the earth is getting warmer because of an accumulation of carbon dioxide in the air. Trees take carbon dioxide out of the air.Martin Rosen is the director of the Trust for Public Land, the organization that is coordinating the state-wide tree planting effort. “Time is not neutral. We are so rapidly depleting the atmosphere, we are so rapidly changing the climate, that unless we start now the situation may well become irreversible.”Some movie stars were on hand for the tree planting ceremony. Actor Peter Cyote served as the master of ceremonies. “Unless the environmental movement co mes into everybody’s life, in real simple activities, it’s not going to work. Planting a tree is real simple. So I want to participate in something that is really accessible to the citizen, just to everyday people, to children. So that as citizens we can do a lot.”After Peter Cyote introduced a few speakers and a couple of songs were sung the ceremony moved over to a corner of the park where a group of youngsters planted a Copper Beech tree.Isobel Wade is the state coordinator for Campaign California Re-leaf. Wade says the tree plantings are important because they will help clean up the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, improve the environment and make neighborhoods more attractive, but Isobel Wade cautions it isn’tenough, “It’s one step in a combination of things. The other kinds of things that we can all be doing are being much more conscious about how we use energy in our home, whether we’re buying—ah—fuel efficient cars and products, whether we’re using Styrofoam when we don’t have to be—ah—whether we’re turning off light bulbs when we — ah — leave the room — um — and just a variety of personal actions like recycling, we need to start thinking about and doing more.” Isobel Wade also says she’d love to see everyone in California’s urban areas take the ti me to plant one tree and take care of the ones that are already growing.Part III FBS — a Biodegradable Plastic ProductTapescript:When you go to the supermarket, can you resist using plastic bags? For lot of us, probably won't. What you eat out? Can you guarantee not to use any plastic tableware? And how about if someone asks you: can you recommend a replacement for plastic products? Don’t say paper! Here is a new solution; biodegradable plastic!As everyone knows, plastic is a big environmental headache although it brings us much convenience. Like plastic bags, plastic food containers, and plastic tableware. But it is perhaps the most harmful of all our garbage because it does not easily break down in nature.A researcher from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ji Junhui, says he and his colleagues have found a better solution.“When the PBS in the biodegradable plastic comes in contact with microorganisms or enzymes, the plastic structure will degrade into smaller pieces, and finally it turns into water and carbon dioxide. This is how the break-down process works.PBS is a chemical component that is the key to this new biodegradable plastic. It can help the plastic degrade into non-polluting elements, so the broken-down plastic fragments can be absorbed by soil and water.PBS is not an entirely new product, however, this China-made biodegradable plastic is safer and more heat-resistant. According to Ji Junhui, testing has shown that 90% of this new biodegradable plastic can be degraded within 90 days. And it even takes a shorter period of time if it is buried in a dump rather than exposed to the air.Usually, biodegradable plastic food containers made in other countries will melt when the temperature reaches 60 degrees Celsius, while the Chinese product can retain its shape in up to 100 degrees.However, Ji Junhui says high-tech products often come at a higher price.“PBS product is a bit more expensive than ordinary plastic. Taking a plastic bowl as an example, the PBS bowl can be 20% more expensive than the current plastic bowl we use.Some hotels and restaurants in Shanghai have already started using the new PBS biodegradable plastic food containers, and the product will be popularized in Beijing as well as in other big cities.It will play a role in the 2008 Olympic Games. Besides in the production of plastic food containers and tableware for the Games, PBS biodegradable plastic will also be used to make road signs, team cheering equipment like horns and mini flags, as well as trash bags, umbrellas and eyeglass frames.Probably in the near future, we will really be able to say “farewell” to plastic pollution.Part IV Short Talks on Listening SkillsThe “Inverted Pyramid” in News ReportingBroadcasting news in English has some particular characteristics, such as its style, its structure, the choice of words, and the logical order of presentation, etc.The standardized narrative procedure in news reporting is often called the “inverted pyramid.” That is to say, the most important information is us ually included in the news lead. And a news lead, in a sense, is also a condensed form of a complete news story. Each succeeding sentence becomes less significant, providing further information on the “who,” “what,” “where,” “when” or “how.”If we want to sum up a certain news item, we can take words from either inside or outside the news stories. We can say, for example, “this news item is about somebody’s view on something.” or “it’s about the relationship between country A and country B.” Other words su ch as comments, remarks, attitudes, analysis can also be very useful.Apart from current news, radio reports on some breakthroughs in science and technology also help update our knowledge about the world. However, vocabulary has proved to be a problem that often hinders our understanding of the new information. Therefore, in order to enhance our ability in listening, words that frequently, appear in some popular science programs should be carefully studied. Besides, if we have a close examination of the experiment reports, we may find that they are often divided into different parts or paragraphs on the “subjects,”the “test or experiment procedures,” the “observations,” the “findings or results” and so on. This kind of knowledge also helps us in following the latest developments in science.。
第3册全新版大学英语综合教程Unit8课后答案
第3册全新版大学英语综合教程Unit8课后答案第3册全新版大学英语综合教程Unit8课后答案全新版大学英语综合教程在内容设计上每单元围绕一个反映当代生活实际的主题展开，同时兼顾语言知识、应用技能、学习策略和跨文化交际等方面内容的有机融合，指导学生全面深入地获取并掌握与各主题有关的`语言文化知识及丰富的语料。
下面是店铺分享的全新版大学英语综合教程3答案，欢迎大家阅读!Text AContent questions1.at his mother’s funeral, the writer swore that one day he’d do something about conditions like hers2.one night,the writer went out for dreinks with another gentleman whose father had died of ALS. They talked about their parents then and wanted to do something as a legacy for them. The stem cell research company Stemagen thus came into existence3.they are concerned about the reproductive possibilities of cloning when Dolly was born4.human reproductive cloning is ethically wrong because the majority of reproductive clones in other species are actually abnormal,with very high miscarriage rates, very high stillbirth rates, fetal anomalies, death soon after birth,etc.5.the writer shows a positive attitude towards therapeutic cloning. He holds that therapeutic cloning does not involve any type of rist to human life and actually provides tremendous potential for the relief of suffering in human beings who are undergoing some awful things.6.the writer honestly thinks that someone will attempt human reproductive cloning and there is no way to stop it7.because by doing so, they could make cloning very real so that people around the world know that cloning is coming along8.their purpose in creating disease-specific stem cell lines is to study the causes of specific diseases,and then research a variety of treatments for these diseases. If the stem cell lines are created for any given individual and are later transplated back into the individual, they will not be rejected by the individual.9.the writer holds that in reality it is transcendent because when you look through the microscope, you see what you may have looked like a long ago, at least in part10.it brought teras to his eyes because the research was done for his mother,and he realized that if she had only been able to live a few years longer, maybe they could have used this technology to help her11.in the process of analysis, the embroys were destroyed by necessity. In other words, to get the genetic material from inside the cells to analyze it, they had to destroy the cell\12.because the writer thinks that logically, an embryo is not life, although it is a potential life. The vast majorityof embroys never become life—they just generate , don't implant and dieLanguage sense enhancement1) in some ways 2)make the most of 3)individual 4)replicated 5)roadmap 6)in place 7) resulst from 8)dissuade 9)Quite honestly 10)legislateVocabulary1.1) complications 2)tremendous 3)brillian 4)analysis \5)transplant , transplant 6)In a sense 7)consented 8)In some ways 9)eyesight10)in reality 11)implanted 12) procedures2. 1)focus 2)come forward 3)result from 4)go through5)carry out 6)work on 7)feed on 8)settled over3. 1)resulted from a childhood illness2)was condemmed by the trade unions as endangering jobs3)in place,even those with presistent, long-term mental illness can usually learn to manage their symptoms and live productive lives4)but apparently showed disapproval of his behaviour5)you should make the most of any advice which you can get from the interviewer4. 1)misconceptions, potential, make the most of ,2)donated, cntentious issue, and opponents3)a fraud , in some ways, condemn himII Collocation1)permission to adopt her2)a willingness to restart peace talks3)failure to find meaning in life4)his determination to realize his ideals5)attempt to blow up the bridge6)an opportunity to pursue a college degree下载文档润稿写作咨询。
step by step 3000 3 第4-6单元答案
Unit 4 World News: Up in SpacePart I Warming upA1. To Mars / March of next year.2. Because of a mechanical problem.3. 5 males and 2 females.4. NASA / At the end of September, 83 days after landing.5. To return home at the Kennedy Space Center after completing repairs on the Hubble Telescope.BMir Facts15 yearsthe Soviet Union, now Russia $ 4.2 billion (for building and maintaining)10 years (1986 — 1996)135 tons9,900 cubic feet 63 feet wide and 85 feet long 104 cosmonauts, astronauts 46438 days747 days, threeMar. 23rd,Part II News reportsASummary :… the smallest and most earth-like extra solar planet.Answers to questions:1. About a dozen.2. Five times the mass of the earth.3. A red dwarf.4. Two.5. One is similar to Neptune and the other is 8 times the mass of the earth. BEvent : NASA’s 12-year program of Mars• Starting time: 1996• Finishing time: 2008First installment:• Names of spacecrafts: the Mars Global Surveyor Orbiter / the Pathfinder Lander• Arrival time: 1997• Mission: To collect and analyze rocksSecond installment:• Names of spacecrafts: the Polar Lander / the Mars Climate Orbiter• Launch time: December• Arrival time: Next DecemberMission:a. To inspect for subsurface waterb. To measure the distribution of water vapor, dust and condensates Grand finale:• Launch time: 2005• Return time: 2008• Mission: To return soil and rock samples to Earth.Part III Returning to the Moon Summary:… UK’s possible collaboration with China on the Chang’e program. Answers to the questions:1. Four phases2. a. robotic spacecraftb. to return astronauts to the moonc. to set up a permanent space station3. Building of scientific instruments by UK4. Five days5. Thirteen daysUnit5Part IA11. A successful brain tissue transplant carried out by a South African surgeon.2. The discovery of a new way to increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy.3. The possibility of a new way to treat glaucoma.4. A new research on writing which shows that writing can result in clinically meaningful outcomes.A new research on writing which shows that writing can help people with chronic illness improve their health.5. The theory and function of acupuncture.A21. A week ago / Parkinson’s dis ease.2. A natural defense mechanism3. The death of brain cells4. Meeting patients’ psychological needs produces physical health benefits.5. Side effects / cut back on medication.B1. Instructions / characteristic / DNA / another / organism / genetically modified organism / genetic engineering2. Artificial fertilizers / pest control / food / farming / artificial fertilizers / half3. Genetic material / unrelated / another species / animal /plant / going across4. Animals / cows, goats and pigs / genetically changed / pharmaceutical drugs / farming5. Novel / 1797-1851/ scientist / subhuman / destroying / creation that ends up destroying the creator.Part IIA A1 A2（答案见听力原文）BI. Harvard Medical SchoolII. Borderline high blood pressureIII. 10 /7IV. Cardiovascular / by a quarterChances of dying from cardiovascular disease falling by 5/1V. A: no more than 3 gramsB: fast foodC: labelsD: fresh fruit and vegetablesPart III Medical emergency 911A( 3 ) a. How SYSCOM operates( 4 ) b. Purpose of SYSCOM( 2 ) c. Treatment by ambulance workers( 1 ) d. Response to shooting accidentB.1. What happens in Maryland when there is a serious accident?2. What response is made to the accident reported to 9117 What does Lieutenant Mike Fahey do?3. What do the ambulance paramedics do for this patient?4. What is SYSCOM? What does it do?5. What is the purpose of this system?C:1. a: know where and when an accident happensb. immediate action / life-saving care2. by dialing 9113. t o fire department’s emergency rescue service / then to nearest help / depending on information given4.shooting accident5. paramedic supervisor /9 min6. deliberately / calmly / calm patient down7. in shock8. send him to the regional shock trauma center / center is 6 min. away by land / available / equipped for his injury9. the Statewide System Communication Center.10.Dispatch point for helicopters11. connect them by radio with hospitals and emergency specialists12. stop bleeding and restore blood pressure within an hour of accident.Part IV1. NHS’(英国国民健康保险制度) greater focus on prevention1. a gimmick2. a: increased screening2. proper timetablee.g. heart disease, stroke, cancer3. treatment b: the most vulnerable4. private healthcare c: more widely availableUnit 6 Science and Technology Part I Warming upA1.1. This news item is about a kind of new bulletproof vest made of silk.2. This news item is about research done by American and Japanese researchers to predict severe weather in and around the Indian Ocean.3. This news item is about a chess match between a world champion and the rest of the world on the Internet.4. This news item is about the significance of the discovery of the structure of DNA.5. This news item is about NEC's new robot that talks and under-stands orders.A21. While silk threads may be soft, they can be used to produce a stronger yarn than copper threads.2. American and Japanese researchers have discovered a strong connection between extreme weather and conditions in the ocean.3. Visitors to the site have 24 hours to vote on their counter move helped by a team of young chess experts who will suggest strategies.4. Understanding its code has helped to unlock the mechanics of inherited disease, as well as beneficial biological traits such as intelligence and body strength.5. The robot from NEC can record and send video mail through the Internet and switch on TVs, VCRs and air conditioners.B.2. lightning patronizingX rays EnthusiaticLaser BoredYeast Friendly / intimateFriction Loudly but neutralRecycling PatientlyPart IIA:Ⅰidentify, Catalog, map and analyze / 100,000Ⅱ. A: a piece of DNA, the basic Molecule of lifeB: on chromosomes in every cellsC: produce chemical instructions the cell needs in order to build and run the human body.III: SignificanceA: cure or preventB: desirable genetic traitsC: the brain, consciousness and the mindD: a scientific descriptionIV controversy Abuse 2. warfareB 见原文Part III Latest breakthroughs in technologyA.1. What is the trend for electronics in the future?Integrated, smaller, faster, better2. What is the theme for electronics in the future?The combination of computers and communications and then having them disappear from our sightB.MoleculeSimilar to the alternately colored rungs on a ladderDesirableConsciousness 意识Chart of DNA / blueprintUniqueBreast cancer, cystic fibrosis, Parkinson’s disease/All class dismissed!!Unit 7 Communications (I)Part I Warming upA.见原文B.National Geographic:Helping choose the magazine's coverInterviewing the photographersShowing more picturesProviding zip U. S. A.Hunger Site:Helping alleviate world hungerDonating contributions to the United Nations World Food Program each time an individual logs on to the siteTotal value of distributed food: approximately $400,000Ask Jeeves Site:Asking questions in simple EnglishGetting direct answersStarting year: 1997Questions dealt with so far: more than 150 millionPart II New Ways to communicateA11. When a friend is online2. 1.6milion3. 3,0004. you can only contact someone (on the same network as you. )using the same program5. laugh out loud.A2Online / popular / take off / signing up / by / make upObvious / one very important disadvantage / bright / voice converstation / swap / funnyB 见原文Part III Digital McLuhanSummary:见原文Part IV Technical JargonA1. 40%2. 67%3. 30%4. 75%5. 68%6. The technology industryB1. what do millions of British people do every week?2. What is Nielsen / NetRatings?3. What is the growing trend for new technological jargon? CAge, sex and locationLaugh out loudSee you laterA pocker-sized device used to play music filesReally Simple SyndicationWireless fidelityPersonal digital assistantVideo-on-demandPersonal video recorderTo read, write, or edit a shared online journalTo deliver a Web-based audio broadcast via an RSS feed over the Internet to subscribers To seek on line.Unit 8 ArchitecturePart I Warming upA.见原文B1.The Palais du Louvre:Location: heart of ParisBeginning year of construction: 1527Time when first used as a public art gallery: 1793The Louvre Pyramid:Designer: Ieoh Ming PeiUse: the main entrance to the Palais du LouvreHeight: 21mWidth: 33mMaterials: steel tubes, cables, sheet glassYear of completion: 1988B21. She likes the Louvre Pyramid because of the transparency, and it has a light effect.2. She likes the Louvre Pyramid for its contrast of shapes. It emphasizes the beauty of the Louvre.3. She thinks the right thing is to put something so contradictory to the Louvre. They stand in dialogue with each other and they don't try to complement each other.4. She thinks it would have been the biggest mistake to try to build something similar to the Louvre.Part II eco-conscious constructionAThe world’s first eco-city /off the coastAgricultural land /half a million /$1.3 billion /a sustainability consultantSustainable developmentA more ecologically friendly model /minimize impact on nature /solar and wind power /power and fertilizers /electric carsB1.1. a dream-house which is sustainable by the environment ----- anenvironmentally-sustainable dream-house2. windows that face south -- south-facing windows3. a kitchen that is well lit -- a well-lit kitchen4. paint that is based on milk or uses milk as a base ---- milk-based paint5. solutions which are beneficial to the environment -- environmentally-beneficial solutions B2 见原文B3. Main features:south-facing windows: day-lighting, solar heatno furnaceno air-conditioningsolar heater: hot waterthree-foot outside walls: adobe + insulation + adobethermal massmilk-based paintceiling: galvanizedinside wall: plasterno carpetnot connected to a water system: well, rainwaterPart III Tomorrow's houseA.1. What is home automation? In your opinion, what are some of the things that could be examples of home automation?2. What are some of the main interests in creating automated houses?3. Can home automation offer benefits and lifestyle improvements for elderly and disabled people? Imagine how.B.Safety:●Security systems that detect fires, gas and water leaks, intruders, unwelcome guests, etc.●Security systems that limit home access to specific times of the day and tell you whichdoors and windows are openEnergy-efficiency:●turn themselves off●Sensors the house reaches a certain temperatureConvenience●Appliances that tell you when something is wrong with them●Security system, spa, lights, CD player, garage door, thermostat, stereo, etc. that can becontrolled while in the house or remotely from a touch-tone phone or computer andmodem●Lifestyle improvements for elderly and disabled people: voice command, infraredremote control, etc.Unit 9 ways to TravelPart I Warming upA11. This news item is about Boeing's 18 billion new orders this year for its new 777 jetliner.2. This news item is about possible mergers between airlines.A2见原文BMonorail1. Monorail systems rely on a very simple technology: rubber-tired cars riding on a narrowconcrete guide-way.2. Monorail systems are capable of speeds of 65 miles per hour and offer ride quality comparable to conventional rail transit technologies.3. Monorail systems are safe and more environmentally sensitive than any other elevated transit technology.4. And noise and neighborhood disruption caused by monorail construction are dramatically lower than other forms of mass transit.Maglev1. One of the most exiting recent innovations in railroad technology is magnetic levitation, or Maglev, which relies on the principle of magnetism -- attraction and repulsion.2. This new technology will result in trains that are faster, smoother, more efficient, more comfortable, and more environmentally sound.Light Rail1. Light rail transit is an electric railway system characterized by its ability to operate single cars or multi-car trains along shared or exclusive rights-of-way at ground level, on aerial structures, in subways, or occasionally in streets.2. It is able to board and discharge passengers at station platforms or at street, track, orcar-floor level, and is normally powered by overhead electrical wires.3. The maximum speed of light rail trains is normally 60 miles per hour (100 km per hour).4. Passenger capacity of each car in a multiple car consist can be up to as many as 250 passengers (standees included).Part IIA1Reasonsa: the most popular streetcar routesb: less than 10 million dollars (130-190 million dollars) / between 140 and 200 million dollarsa: the least efficient way to use the limited amount of space on urban streetsb: you’ve got 50 people on board a streetcar.Some of the barriersa: federal fundingb: jangle past citizens’ windowsc: slow the automobiles ridesSignificancea: a city is environmentally friendlyb a streetcar’s soothin g touch of serenity.A2 见原文答案B:I.Above and underground public transit systemsA. traffic jams / congestionB. frustration / discomfort / unhapinessII.Public transportationA. light rail systemsB. a new public trainIII.B. 1. metro systems2. Southeast Asia3. innovative us of public transit buses.IV. Excessive greenhouse gas emissionsB. cleanC. the amount of energy usedPart III 见原文答案Part IV SouthwestA1-- c 2-- b 3-- e 4-- a 5-- dB.1. What is Kelleher's style?2. How has Kelleher's style influenced Southwest's image?3. What is the main reason for Southwest's success?4. How docs Southwest operate as an airline?5. What are Southwest's concerns about growth?6. How does Kelleher plan to keep the company successful?.C.1, What is Kelleher's business style?Personal / informal / crazy2. In addition to style, what do Southwest stockholders care about? Substance / the company makes profit3. What is the soul of Southwest's existence?Low cost4. What increase in dividends did Southwest stock pay in 1993? Increased 7%5. What has Southwest been compared to?Bus company / cheap and frequent6. What are the composition and purpose of the "culture committee?'' 60 people / preserve special spirit of Southwest Airlines7. What is Kelleher trying to prevent happening to Southwest? Excessive prideUnit 10 Love and Hate of OilPart I Warming upA.1. Running two new express bus routes especially for the company's employees2. Subsidizing the cost of bus fares and monthly passes3. Encouraging carpooling4. A guaranteed ride-home programB.Symbol c (accident) on Chapel Street, A6, between Bridge Street and Blackfriars Street.Symbol a (fire) on John Dalton Street at the junction with Cross Street and Albert Square.Symbol d (burst water main) on Cannon Street, between Deans gate and Corporation Street.Symbol e (diversion) on Great Ancoats Street, parallel with Henry Street, between Ancoats and Oldham Road.Symbol b (road-works) on Mosley Street, between Princess Street and Piccadilly Gardens.Part II oil reserves and parking placesASaudi Arabia top266 billionIraqIran crudeKuwaitCanada 178 billion / strip mining / toxic chemicals / forests / water supply / USBiggest consumer / 21 billion / offshore drilling / environmental reasonsMexico USBrazil major exporterOffshore oil field : 4 miles / ocean surfaceRussia 2nd largest producerLibya 39 billionCrude / problemsTrillion barrels of oil / be discoveredB见原文Part III The new trends of automobiles A.differences: size, shape, color same: gasoline, diesel fuel Problem：air pollution Solution：electric car Ignitionno standard auto ignition surge of electric power Design●sleek●aerodynamic ●two-seat●sportsRide quietSpeed 75 mph Technological problem -- battery Limitations●heavy: 870 pounds●energy stored: 1.5 gallons●limited travel distanceB 见原文答案Part 4A1. Besides gasoline or petrol, what can cars be powered by?2. Have you ever heard about cars powered by natural gas? Do you know the advantages and disadvantages of using natural gas?3. Do you think cars powered by natural gas will be a new trend of automobiles in the future? Why or why not?B1. Why is natural gas a good alternative to gasoline, or petrol?2. What is the Clean Air Cab Company?3. What are the disadvantages of using natural gas to replace gasoline?4. How do you refuel the car with natural gas?C1. Why is natural gas better for the environment than petrol?Much cleaner / comes out as water vapor / does not release carbon monoxide2. What is the Clean Air Cab Company?Fleet of taxicabs powered by natural gas / run by two young men3. What technological innovation is in the 1993 Chevrolet Caprice used in the inaugural parade?Computerized system to deliver natural gas to engine4. Why is natural gas safer than petrol?Does not burn like petrol5. Why is it a good idea to have a petrol fueling system as a backup for the natural gas system?Could run out / not many natural gas stations yet6. What do the environmentalists see as the advantages and disadvantages of this system?Disadvantage: limited resource like coal, etc.Adv: large reserves still available7. What is involved in the process of filling up the tank with natural gas?Put credit card into slot / unlocks gas hose / attaches gas nozzle to car / turns slowly / wait for pressure to rise / takes 4 - 5 minutes8. How much gas can the tank hold on a hot day? How far can the car travel on a full tank?3,400 pounds / 253 miles。
Step by Step 3000 第三册 Unit8 New Ideas, New Architecture整个单元
This palace of nearly 1,500 rooms was completed in the early 18th century as a smaller model of Versailles. In earlier times it served as summer residence to various Habsburg rulers Due to this historical importance, its beautiful location and its gardens this palace is one of the very top sights in Vienna. Furthermore the entire complex was added to the UNESCO's world cultural heritage list.
Versailles 凡尔赛（法国北部城市）；凡尔赛 宫 Schonbrunn Palace 美泉宫 Rococo 洛可可 Great Gallery 大画廊 St. Stephen’s Cathedral 圣.斯蒂芬大教堂 Imperial Burial Vaults皇室墓穴 Kapuziner Church — （奥地利）凯普琴教堂 Hofburg 霍夫堡皇宫 Baroque 巴罗克风格 Gothic 哥特式 Renaissance 文艺复兴 Habsburg （哈普斯堡皇室）（ P84P3 ， L2 ）
Of or relating to an architectural style prevalent in western Europe from the 12th through the 15th century and characterized by pointed arches, rib vaulting, and a developing emphasis on verticality and the impression of height. n.哥 特式 adj.哥特式的, 野蛮的
新视野大学英语第三册Unit8课后翻译答案（第3版）
新视野大学英语第三册Unit8课后翻译答案（第3版）新视野大学英语第三册Unit8课后翻译答案(第3版)导语：《新视野大学英语》同步提供每级教材的试题库与测试工具、提供试题选择和增删功能，下面YJBYS店铺分享新视野大学英语第三册Unit8课后翻译答案(第3版)，欢迎参考!新视野大学英语(第3版)第三册Unit8答案【Section A】VocabularyIII.1. mount2. resembles3. implication4. prohibits5. deliberate6. debate7. classified8. guidelines9. split 10. generatedExercises on Web course only:11. categories 12. breed 13. commission 14. draft 15. confusionIV.1. within reach2. fall into3. in terms of4. get around5. regardless of6. referred to7. What if8. in the first place9. concerned about 10. identical toExercises on Web course only:11. in the wake of 12. comparable to 13. puzzling overV.1. K2. E3. M4. O5. F6. H7. N8. A 9. I 10. BCollocationVI.1. duties2. emotions3. interests4. experience5. responsibility6. love7. characteristics8. memories9. information 10. beliefWordBuildingVII.1. transposition2. transatlantic3. transmigrants4. transformed5. transnational6. transoceanic7. transshipped8. transportedVIII.1. nonexistent2. non-stop3. non-art4. non-college5. non-productive6. non-profit7. non-fiction8. non-violentSentence StructureIX.1. What if I say no2. What if they don’t know3. What if we can’t finish it on time4. What if this happens to us someday5. What if he has lied to usX.1. The Bosnian peace talks are continuing in Geneva today with the new proposals at the top of the agenda.2. All of Southern Africa is suffering from a severe drought with Mozambique and Zimbabwe among the worse-hit countries.3. The Europe Summit in Paris is drawing to an end with the US in danger of being completely isolated.4. With the King in prison, the chief commander came to power and ruled the country.5. With stability itself under threat, the reforms deserve all the support they can get.TranslationXI.1. It sounds like a good idea, but what if it’s a trick?2. Cities and towns in this area suffered a lot from the earthquake with Jiujiang and Ruichang among the worst-hit.3. He complained that they should not have got involved in it in the first place.4. For Mary’s sake, I can lend you my car to get around your transport problem.5. In theory it’s feasible to clone a child to harvest organs, but in practice it would be psychologically harmful to the child.6. He published an article under the name of Braver which stresses the idea that the process of cloning animals would work for humans as well.XII.1. 你说你不会把时间浪费在约会上，但如果遇到吸引你的男子，你会怎么办呢?2. 为了帮助艾滋病患者，需要有新的措施，地方社团、非政府机构、政府和国际组织之间要建立密切的合作关系。
step-by-step第三册标准答案及原文
step-by-step第三册答案及原文————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：STEP BY STEP 3000 3 答案Unit 1 World News: International RelationsPart I Warming upA Tapescripts:1.The former American Defense Secretary William Perry has recommended a radical change ofpolicy towards North Korea.2.Hundreds of thousands of mothers from across the United States gathered here in WashingtonSunday to push for tougher gun control laws.3.There's been further fighting between Macedonian forces and Ethnic Albanian guerrillasinside the Macedonian border with Kosovo.4. A bomb dropped by the United State's navy aircraft during training in Kuwait has hit a groupof military observers, killing six of them.5.NATO is taking a number of steps to allay growing disquiet about the possible health risksfrom ammunitions containing depleted uranium, which it used in Kosovo and Bosnia.B 1. What is the summit's statement expected to call on UN members?To make commitments to eradicate poverty, promote democracy and education, and reverse the spread of AIDS.2. Which three countries are admitted by ASEAN on Saturday? Burma, Cambodia, and the Laos.3. What happened on Friday about ten miles south of Pearl Harbor?A U. S. nuclear submarine tore through a Japanese fishing vessel, sinking it within minutes.How many people were on the vessel? And how many were missing? 35/9.4. What happened in the West Bank and Gaza?Gun battles between Israeli troops and Palestinian gunmen have been raiding overnight.5. What are the problems with the nuclear facilities and nuclear plants in Japan?Some nuclear facilities have breached many health and safety laws.More than half of the nuclear plants failed some basic tests, such as checking radiation measurements.Tapescripts:1. With the final declaration on its role in the 21st century, the summit's statement is expected to call on UN members to make commitments to eradicate poverty, promote democracy and education, and reverse the spread of AIDS. More than 150 heads of state and government attended the summit, the largest gathering of world leaders in history.2. The Association of South-East Asian Nations has decided to invite Burma to join its ranks, shrugging off western denunciations of the military regime in Rangoon. ASEAN foreign ministers voted on Saturday to admit Burma, Cambodia, and the Laos.3. The missing, four of them teenagers, were among 35 people aboard a high school fishing vessel from Japan. On Friday, a U.S. nuclear submarine tore through the ship, sinking it within minutes. The USS Greenville, which was not seriously damaged, was performing an emergency surfacing drill when the collision occurred about ten miles south of Pearl Harbor. Coast Guard rescue teams plucked all but nine of the victims from the rough seas.4. Gun battles between Israeli troops and Palestinian gunman have been raiding overnight in the West Bank and Gaza. The upsurge in violence comes after Israeli attack helicopters targeted and killed a member of an elite Palestinian security force.5. Some nuclear facilities in Japan have breached many health and safety laws. Government inspectors checked 17 nuclear plants. More than half of them failed some basic tests, such as checking radiation measurements. Japanese nuclear regulators have been ordered to crack down following the country's worst nuclear accident in September. Sixty-nine people were exposed to dangerous levels of radiation in the accident.Part II News reportsSummary:This news report tells us that the United Nations General Assembly has elected Columbia, Ireland, Mauritius, Norway and Singapore as its new non-permanent members of the Security Council. Statements:1. Columbia, Ireland, and Singapore won their seats as nonpermanent members of the Security Council on the first round of balloting while Mauritius and Norway won their seats on the fourthballot.2. Sudan and Mauritius are two candidates for the second seat for the African and Asian group.3. There were three countries contending for the two seats allotted to the western industrialized group of nations.4. The Security Council is made up of 15 members, including five permanent members -- China, France, Great Britain, Russia, and the United States--and 10 non-permanent members. Tapescript:The United Nations General Assembly has elected' Columbia, Ireland, Mauritius, Norway and Singapore as the new non-permanent members of the Security Council. The vote follows several weeks of haggling and maneuvering.Columbia, Ireland, and Singapore won the required two thirds majority on the first round of balloting. But it took another three rounds of voting to decide on the remaining two regional seats. Contention marked the voting for the second seat for the African and Asian group. The United States lobbied intensely against Sudan, the candidate of the Organization of African Unity. Mauritius, the candidate supported by Washington, won on the fourth round of voting.Ireland easily captured one of the two seats allotted to the western industrialized group of nations on the first ballot. But Norway and Italy campaigned vigorously for the second spot. King Harald of Norway came to New York last week to press the case for his nation's representation on the Security Council for the first time since 1982. Norway also won on the fourth ballot. The new members begin their two-year terms in January. The Security Council is made up of a total of 15 members, including five permanent members -- China, France, Great Britain, Russia, and the United States -- and 10 non-permanent members. Five non-permanent members are elected totwo-year terms each year.B SummaryThis news report tells us that the United Nations Human Rights Commission was going to hold an emergency meeting to deal with the crisis situation between Israelis and Palestinians.Answers to the questions:1. 532. 483. 34. The United States5. Canada6. October 18th7. No more than three days8. To get the Israelis and Palestinians back to the negotiating table9. 4 / Bosnian war / genocide in Rwanda / violence in East TimorTapescript:Forty-eight of the ( United Nations Human Rights Commission's) 53 member nations voted to hold the emergency meeting. The United States cast the sole dissenting vote and Canada abstained. Three other countries did not vote.The special meeting will begin October 18th and will last for no more than three days.UN spokeswoman Marie Heuze says one purpose of the meeting is to try to learn how the cycle of violence between Israelis and Palestinians can be stopped."When you have such a high-profile for a crisis which is so dangerous, not only for the people in Palestine and in Israel, but in the region, there is a fear -- and this is probably why there was a large consensus on this meeting to discuss the issue -- because the situation in this part of the world is so volatile, so dangerous, so important to control that everybody thinks that they have something to contribute."Ms Heuze says she thinks the United Nations and the international community as a whole can play a constructive role in the present situation and in trying to get the Israelis and Palestinians back to the negotiating table. Officials from the UN Human Rights Commission will discuss the agenda toward the meeting on Wednesday.This is only the fifth time the commission has gone into emergency meeting to deal with a crisis situation. Previous sessions dealt with the Bosnian war, the genocide in Rwanda, and the violence in East Timor.Questions:1. How many members are there in the UN Human Rights Commission?2. How many of them voted to hold the emergency meeting?3. How many of them didn't vote?4. Which country cast the dissenting vote?5. Which country abstained?6. When will the meeting begin?7. How long will it last? 8. What's the purpose of this meeting?9. How many emergency meetings have been held before this one?What were the three crisis situations that they dealt with?Part III Anti-piracy missionA EU’s Naval OperationThe massive problem: Piracy off Somalia’s waters … 100 ships … 16 ships … more than 350 crew members ….EU’s mission:…6 warships … 3 surveillance planes…• Aim: To deter, to prevent, to protect …• Headquarters: Near London • Duration: At least a yearB Chinese Navy’s Escort Mission against PiracyPrimary mission: … vessels, personnel and cargo, … hit piracy …Target: To protect the ship and personnel passing through the area, … transporting humanitarian materials …Number of crew members:800 incl. 70 soldiers from the Navy’s special forcesDuration of the first phase: Three monthsTime ready to receive protection appeals: Jan. 6Part IV SpeechesExtract 1 (expressing an opinion): I believe that... I believe we should...Extract 2 (paying a tribute): He said to those he touched and who sought to touch him ...Extract 3 (expressing an opinion) -- I have a dream...Extract 4 (expressing an opinion). America needs a full-time President and a full-time Congress. Extract 5 (accepting a post): I am profoundly grateful ... for giving me the chance to serve you. (making a promise): I will do everything I can to be worthy of ... I promise you ... that I will ... Tapescript:1. I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the moon and returning him safely to the earth. No single space project in this period will be more impressive to mankind, or more important for the long-range exploration of space; and none will be so difficult, or expensive to accomplish... But, in a very real sense, it will not be one man going to the moon. If we make this judgment affirmatively, it will be an entire nation ... I believe we should go to the moon. (John F. Kennedy 25/05/1961)2. As he said many times, in many parts of this nation, to those he touched and who sought to touch him: "Some men see things as they are and say 'Why?' I dream things that never were and say 'Why not?'" (Edward M. Kennedy 08/06/1968)3. I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave-owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day, even the State of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character. (Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr.28/08/1963)4. America needs a full-time President and a full-time Congress. Particularly at this time, with problems we face at home and abroad. To continue to fight through the months ahead for my personal vindication would almost totally absorb the time and attention of both the President and the Congress in a period when our entire focus should be on the great issues of peace abroad and prosperity without inflation at home. (Richard M. Nixon 08/08/1974)5. Thank you for opening up your minds and your hearts, for seeing the possibility of what we could do together for our children and for our future here in this state and in our nation. I am profoundly grateful to all of you for giving me the chance to serve you. I will... I will do everything I can to be worthy of your faith and trust and to honor the powerful example of Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan ... I promise you tonight that I will reach across party lines to bring progress for all of New York's families. Today we voted as Democrats and Republicans. Tomorrow we begin again as New Yorkers .... (Hillary Clinton 07/11/2000)Unit 2Earth and EnvironmentPart 1Warming upA 1. ...impact of climate change … damage to crops … worse...2. ...2000 delegates …northern Brazil … third United Nations Conference on Desertification.3. ...A huge oil spill … Mexico, ...4. Wildfires … Florida … contained … a week...5. ... Greenland is melting around the edges …50 cubic kilometers raise global sea level ...B 1. It attempts to balance environmental concerns and the needs of the community.2. Reptile species are in greater trouble than amphibian species.3. A new approach in the fight against the illegal drugs trade.4. One in every eight species of plants is threatened with extinction.5. A new local directory for the environmentally-aware, called the “Boulder County Green Pages”. Part II News ReportsA...Washington … the information economy … deteriorating health of the planet … information economy … communication … education and entertainment … physical exam … vital sign s … species … climate … temperatures … water tables … glaciers … forests … fisheries … to stabilize both climate and world population growthB Summary… the severe shortage of water in some developing nations. … global solutions are found soon. Answers to the questions1.1502. Monday3. Almost one billion people could suffer from a scarcity of water.4. Middle East, parts of Africa, western Asia, Northeastern China, western and southern India,large parts of Pakistan and Mexico, parts of the Pacific coast of the United States and South America.5.To treat water as a precious resource.6. 5 liters7. 50 liters8. 500 litersPart III City recyclingA a. 2 b. 4 c. 3 d. 1B 130,000 / 80% 2. Plastic / glass / tin cans / newspapers3. Recycle truck pick it up.4. One of community’s recycling centers5. Each weekday6. Conducts tours of the plant7. 3 / 48. Sod to other companies that make them into different products9. Made into new containers 10. One of the top five in the USAUnit 3 World News: Economic DevelopmentsPart I Warming upA 1. Who have been meeting in Hong Kong today to discuss the outlook for the global economy?Central Bank governors from more than a dozen countries.2. What does UNCTAD say about the worldwide total of foreign investment?It grew by 40% last Year to more than 600 billion dollars.3. Who has approved a cut in income tax rates?The United States House of Representatives.4. Who has announced job cuts after a fall in demand for its products? IntelWhat is its plan?To reduce its workforce by5,000.5. What decisions have been made by EU, the U.S. and Canada after a case of foot-and-mouth disease was confirmed in France?EU has imposed further restrictions on the movement of livestock.The U.S. and Canada have issued temporary bans on the import of animal produce from EU. Tapescript:1. Central Bank governors from more than a dozen countries have been meeting in Hong Kong today. One subject they likely discussed is the outlook for the global economy because of the U. S. slowdown and Japan's struggling recovery. Another topic they may have discussed is how to strengthen financial markets in emerging economies in Asia and elsewhere.2. A United Nations' report says the worldwide total of foreign investment grew by nearly 40% last year to more than 600 billion dollars. The report by the UN Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD says most of it took place between developed countries as big companies took one another over.3. The United States House of Representatives has approved a cut in income tax rates, the first part of a package of tax cutting measures put forward by President Bush. The income taxreductions will amount to nearly 1 trillion dollars over ten years.4. The world's largest maker of computer chips, Intel, has announced job cuts after a fall in demand for its products. Intel said it expected its revenue in the first quarter of this year to fall by a quarter than the same period last year. The California-based company plans to reduce its85,000-strong work force by 5,000.5. The European Union has imposed further restrictions on the movement of live-stock after a case of foot-and-mouth disease was confirmed in France. The United States and Canada have issued temporary bans on the import of all animal produce from EU countries.B Foreign exchange rates:1 dollar = 1.733 German marks = 126.9 Japanese yen 1 pound =1.624 dollarsShare IndexDow Jones (up to) 6,783 (+45) London’s 100 (up to) 4,390 (+20) Nikkie closed2. Share Index:Dow Jones 10,116 (+96) Standrd and Poor’s 500 1,254 (+6)NASDAQ: (-1.5%)3. Share Index:Dow Jones 8,094 ( - 66 ) NASDAQ 1,662 (- 3 )FT100 ( -36 ) CAC Quarante ( -33, -1% )DAX ( -1% )4. Most active stocks:Cable and Wireless HKT up $ 0.45 HSBC down $ 0.50Hutchison down $ 0.50 Shanglongkai Property up $ 2.25China Telecom down $ 1.50 Chang Kong down $ 0.25Pacific Century Cyberworlds down $ 0.10CCT Telecom down $ 0.275 New World CyberBase down $ 0.075Hanong Holdings down $ 0.25Gold prices:Hong Kong gold: HK$ 2,670 London gold: US $ 2895. Earnings:Philips Electronics (last year): $ 2.4 billion ($ 300 million)Royal Dutch Shell (4th quarter): $ 3.6 billionElectronic Data Systems (4th quarter): $ 0.70 per share ( $ 0.02 up)Tapescripts:1. The dollar is trading at one German mark seventy-three point three and at 126.9 Japanese yen. The pound buys one dollar sixty-two point four. In New York, the Dow Share Index closed 45 higher at 6,783. Earlier London's 100 Share Index ended 20 higher at 4,390. In Tokyo, the Nikkei Share Index is closed for a holiday.2. The Dow Jones Industrial Average closed up 96 points at 10,116. The Standard and Poor's 500 Index gained 6 points to close at 1,254. But the NASDAQ Index lost 1.5% as high technology and Internet stocks were battered.3. Right now the Dow is down another 66 points at 8,094; the NASDAQ Composite down 3 points at 1,662. Turning to Europe's major markets: London stocks were hit by a wave of profit taking after five straight record closes; the FT 100 Index down 36 points; Paris seeing losses as well, the CAC quarante down 33 points or 1%; and Frankfurt's DAX also fell 1% after briefly moving into record territory.4. The Hang Seng Index closed down 89 points at 3,521. The turnover was 7.71 billion dollars. Now look at the ten most active stocks. Cable and Wireless HKT up 45 cents, HSBC holdings down 50 cents, Hutchison down 50 cents, Shanglongkai Property up $2.25, and China Telecom down $1.50, Chang Kong up 25 cents, Pacific Century Cyberworlds down 10 cents, CCT Telecom down 27.5 cents, New World Cyberspace down 7.5 cents, and Hanong Holdings down 25 cents. The Hang Seng Index future for November and December were all down. Hong Kong gold closed at 2,670 Hong Kong dollars, and London gold is trading at 289 U.S. dollars.5. Consumer electronics maker Philips Electronics reported a lower than expected profit for last year. The company made about $2.4 billion, more than $300 million below estimates. Oil company Royal Dutch Shell posted its earnings. It made roughly a $3.6 billion profit for its fourthquarter. That was essentially in line with Street expectations. Electronic Data Systems also reported its fourth quarter numbers last night. It posted a 70-cent profit per share, two cents better than expectations.Part II News reportsA Summary:This news report is about Forbes's "Super 100 Global" list.Answer the questions:1. Which of the following corporations are the top five on Forbes's list? Mark their ranks.2 Citigroup 4 HSBC Banking Company -- BP-Amoco5 Daimler-Chrysler 1 General Electric Corporation Microsoft 3 Bank of America2. How are the companies ranked?The companies are ranked with a composite formula, which includes total sales, profits, assets and market capitalization, or the total value of their stock.3. How are the 100 companies distributed?46 in the United States, 54 in Europe and Japan.4. Why were none of the Internet-related firms included in the list?Because most of the Internet-related firms have little or no profits so far.Tapescripts:For the second year in a row, the General Electric Corporation is ranked number one in an annual survey of the 100 most powerful corporations in the world. The survey, compiled and published by Forbes business magazine, shows General Electric of the United States ranked number one, followed in second and third place by the U.S. banking and financial services giants Citigroup and Bank of America. In fourth and fifth place are the British-based HSBC Banking Company and Daimler-Chrysler, the German-American auto-company. The companies are ranked with a composite formula, which includes total sales, profits, assets and market capitalization, or the total value of its (their) stock. What the magazine calls its "Super 100 Global" list are 46 companies based in the United States and 54 in Europe and Japan. Mike Ozanian, the Forbes editor who compiled the list, says there is a growing trend of international mergers and acquisitions, citing companies such as Daimler-Chrysler and BP-Amoco, the Anglo-American Oil Company. Mr. Ozanian says that despite the huge capitalizations of many Internet-related firms, none were included because most have little, if any, profits -- at least not yet.B Summary:This news report gives us a general picture of the U.S. stock market. It also presents some analysts' views on the market.Statements:1. The Dow Jones Industrial Average went up less than one percent, to 10,546.2. An analyst said that sales growth at Intel could be stronger than expected.3. Retail stocks gained on stronger-than-expected sales because of the Thanksgiving holiday shopping season.4. Sales of existing homes fell a steep 3.9% in October, their second monthly decline.5. According to investment strategist Alan Skrainka, this is a very good entry point for a long-term investor to get into the market.Tapescript:U.S. stock prices were mixed on Monday, with the "blue-chips" in a rally mode. But volume was only moderate after a holiday-shortened week last week, showing lingering uncertainty among investors.The Dow Jones Industrial Average went up 75 points, less than one percent, to 10,546. The S & P 500 Index gained 7 points. But the NASDAQ Composite backed off an early rally, taking a loss of almost one percent on weakness in selected technology stocks.The Dow Industrials actually got a boost from their technology components. Shares of Intel traded higher after an analyst said sales growth at the leading computer chip-maker could be stronger than expected. Microsoft stock also edged higher.Retail stocks gained on stronger-than-expected sales over the Thanksgiving weekend, as the holiday shopping season got underway.However, analysts caution the retail picture is still clouded because many stores offered bargains to attract shoppers. Experts worry that higher oil prices and interest rates will make this a less thanmerry Christmas season for U.S. merchants.The latest on the U.S. economy points to slower growth. Sales of existing homes fell a steep 3.9 percent in October, their second monthly decline.Many analysts think uncertainty over the economy makes it increasingly likely that the major stock averages will close lower for the year. But investment strategist Alan Skrainka says the longer-term looks better."No one can guess what will happen to the market over the next month. But over the long-term, we think the market looks very good. If you're a long-term investor, this is a very good entry point for getting into the market because this is what you've been waiting for. All the fear and uncertainty in the marketplace is setting us up for some very good values in the market."Part III Voice mail may cost company’s businessAJud Jessup (TakeCare HMO): …personalized service…”high service”…getting a recording…efficient…cost effective……individual problems….Stanley Plogue (Plogue Research): …a fourth…let out…voice mail system…given up…Sandy hale (Pacific Bell):… bottom line…costs…more efficient…customer service operations…a valuable tool.B1. T2. T3. F4. F5. T6. F7. F8. T9. T 10. TC3. Five years ago, people were wary of voice-mail.4. TakeCare used a funny voice-mail message in its advertisements.6. V oice-mail decreases contact between customers and companies.7. The problem is not the technology, but the voice-mail menus.Part IV Business jargonA1.…language shorthand….2.…overuse business jargon…a negative effect…3.…a low opinion…management jargon…a third…a lack of confidence…one infive …untrustworthy…cover something up.4.…an effective boss…can easily understand…of management jargon.B1. T2. T3. F4. F5. FC1.blue-sky thinking: imagine new or different ways of doing things2.get our ducks in a row: have everything arranged efficiently3.brain dump: tell everything you know about a particular subject4.think outside the box: be creative in how you think about problems5.the helicopter view: an overview6. a heads up: a warning7.that’s a real no-brainer: that’s simpleUnit 4 World News: Up in SpacePart I Warming upA 1. To Mars / March of next year. 2. Because of a mechanical problem.3. 5 males and 2 females.4. NASA / At the end of September, 83 days after landing.5. To return home at the Kennedy Space Center after completing repairs on the Hubble Telescope.B Mir Facts 15 years the Soviet Union, now Russia$ 4.2 billion (for building and maintaining) 10 years (1986 — 1996)135 tons 9,900 cubic feet 63 feet wide and 85 feet long104 cosmonauts, astronauts 46 438 days 747 days, three Mar. 23rd,Part II News reportsA Summary :… the smalle st and most earth-like extra solar planet.Answers to questions:1.About a dozen.2. Five times the mass of the earth.3. A red dwarf.4.Two.5. One is similar to Neptune and the other is 8 times the mass of the earth.B Event : NASA’s 12-year program of Mars • Starting time: 1996• Finishing time: 2008 First installment:• Names of spacecrafts: the Mars Global Surveyor Orbiter / the Pathfinder Lander• Arrival time: 1997 • Mission: To collect and analyze rocksSecond installment:• Names of spacecrafts: the Polar Lander / the Mars Climate Orbiter• Launch time:December• Arrival time: Next DecemberMission:a.To inspect for subsurface waterb.To measure the distribution of water vapor, dust and condensatesGrand finale: • Launch time: 2005 • Return time: 2008• Mission: To return soil and rock samples to Earth.Part III Returning to the MoonSummary:… UK’s possible collaboration with China on the Chang’e program.Answers to the questions:1. Four phases2. a. robotic spacecraftb. to return astronauts to the moonc. to set up a permanent space station3. Building of scientific instruments by UK4. Five days5. Thirteen daysUnit 5Part IA11. A successful brain tissue transplant carried out by a South African surgeon.2.The discovery of a new way to increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy.3.The possibility of a new way to treat glaucoma.4. A new research on writing which shows that writing can result in clinically meaningfuloutcomes.A new research on writing which shows that writing can help people with chronic illnessimprove their health.5.The theory and function of acupuncture.A21. A week ago / Parkinson’s disease.2. A natural defense mechanism3.The death of brain cells4.Meeting patients’ psychological needs produces p hysical health benefits.5.Side effects / cut back on medication.1.The world’s leading transplant surgeon, Dr Christopher Bernard, has carried out one ofthe most difficult brain tissue transplants yet attempted. The South African surgeon has。
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Ms Heuze says she thinks the United Nations and the international community as a whole can play a constructive role in the present situation and in trying to get the Israelis and Palestinians back to the negotiating table. Officials from the UN Human Rights Commission will discuss the agenda toward the meeting on Wednesday.This is only the fifth time the commission has gone into emergency meeting to deal with a crisis situation. Previous sessions dealt with the Bosnian war, the genocide in Rwanda, and the violence in East Timor. Questions:1. How many members are there in the UN Human Rights Commission?2. How many of them voted to hold the emergency meeting?3. How many of them didn't vote?4. Which country cast the dissenting vote?5. Which country abstained?6. When will the meeting begin?7. How long will it last?8. What's the purpose of this meeting?9. How many emergency meetings have been held before this one? What were the three crisis situations that they dealt with?Part III Anti-piracy missionAEU’s Naval Operationtheir skin, but by the content of their character. (Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. 28/08/1963)4. America needs a full-time President and a full-time Congress. Particularly at this time, with problems we face at home and abroad. To continue to fight through the months ahead for my personal vindication would almost totally absorb the time and attention of both the President and the Congress in a period when our entire focus should be on the great issues of peace abroad and prosperity without inflation at home. (Richard M. Nixon 08/08/1974)5. Thank you for opening up your minds and your hearts, for seeing the possibility of what we could do together for our children and for our future here in this state and in our nation. I am profoundly grateful to all of you for giving me the chance to serve you. I will... I will do everything I can to be worthy of your faith and trust and to honor the powerful example of Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan ... I promise you tonight that I will reach across party lines to bring progress for all of New York's families. Today we voted as Democrats and Republicans. Tomorrow we begin again as New Yorkers .... (Hillary Clinton 07/11/2000) Unit 2Earth and EnvironmentPart 1 Warming upA1. ...impact of climate change … damage to crops … worse ...2. ...2000 delegates … northern Brazil … third United Nations Conference on Desertification.3. ...A huge oil spill … Mexico, ...4. Wildfires … Florida … contained … a week ...5. ... Greenland is melting around the edges … 50 cubic kilometers … raise global sea level ...Tapescripts:1. Australia is the world‟s driest continent. There‟s general agreement tha t the country has to use water more efficiently. In many part supplies are i n crisis. At a meeting in Canberra, the Council of Australian Government s has approved national water plan. It attempts to balance environmental c oncerns and the needs of the community. The amount of water taken from rivers for commercial use is to be cut and farmers will be compensated.2. The disappearance and deformity of amphibians such as frogs and sala manders from rain forests and mountain lakes worldwide has attracted wi de-spread scientific attention over the last decade. Now a new study says reptile species including turtles, snakes, and alligators are in even greater tro uble. Twice as many reptiles as amphibians, or some 100 species, are curr ently listed as endangered by the World Conservation Union. The study s ays habitat loss and degradation, pollution, disease, climate change, and o ver-collection for food, pets and drugs are the major threat to reptiles.3. Four regional governors from Columbia, on a visit to Washington, have sharply criticized an American-backed aerial offensive to eradicate thousands of hectares of illegal coke and poppy plantations. At a news conference the governors called for a di fferent approach in the fight against the illegal drugs trade, saying that the herbicides currently being used were harmful to public health and the en vironment.4. Much attention has been devoted to the threatened animal species. But what about plants which are the fundamental bases of life? One in every e ight species of plants is threatened with extinction. Since all food chains b egin in the sphere of plant life, this is bad news for the animals too, includ ing humans who depend on plants not only for food but also for medicine s, building materials, and other vital purposes.5. A new local directory for the environmentally-aware is now available, called the “Boulder County Green Pages.” The R otary Clubs in Boulder County got together with local recycling and environmental specialists to put together this firstever directory. It includes qui ck reference to green products and services for recycling, xeriscaping, ene rgy conservation, and more. The $5 cost helps raise funds for the sponsori ng groups.B1. It attempts to balance environmental concerns and the needs of the community.2. Reptile species are in greater trouble than amphibian species.3. A new approach in the fight against the illegal drugs trade.4. One in every eight species of plants is threatened with extinction.5. A new local directory for the environmentally-aware, called the “Boulder County Green Pages”.Tapescript:An annual study by the Worldwatch Institute here in Washington says wit h the boom in the information economy, Americans have lost sight of the deteriorating health of the planet.State of the World 2000 says the fast growing information economy is aff ecting every aspect of life, from communication, commerce and work, to education and entertainment.Lead author and Worldwatch President Lester Brown says while America ns generally feel a sense of optimism about the economy, the planet‟s hea lth is suffering. He says it is a mistake “to confuse the vibrancy of the virt ual world with the increasingly troubled state of the real world.”“We give the earth an annual physical, and this book is the result of that a nnual physical. We check its vital signs. And almost all those vital signs, whether it‟s the number of species, whether it‟s the stability of climate, w hether it‟s the number of species, whether it‟s the stability of climate, wh ether it‟s the health of coral reefs, all those trends show deterioration.” Lester Brown says other warning signs are rising temperatures, falling wa ter tables, melting glaciers, shrinking forests and collapsing fisheries. He says the major environmental challenges in the 21st century will be to sta bilize both climate and world population growth.Worldwatch Institute President Lester Brown also points out initiatives b y multinational corporations to seek energy alternatives. For example, Da imler-Chrysler and Shell Oil are working with the government of Iceland to tur n that country into the first hydrogen powered economy.Part II News ReportsA...Washington … the information economy … deteriorating health of the planet … information economy … communication … education and entertainment … physical exam … vital signs … species … climate … temperatures … water tables … glaciers … forests … fisheries … to stabilize both climate and world population growthBSummary… the severe shortage of water in some developing nations. … global solutions are found soon.Answers to the questions1. 1502. Monday3. Almost one billion people could suffer from a scarcity of water.4. Middle East, parts of Africa, western Asia, Northeastern China, western and southern India, large parts of Pakistan and Mexico, parts of the Pacific coast of the United States and South America.5. To treat water as a precious resource.6. 5 liters7. 50 liters8. 500 litersTapescript:The UN water experts are warning that a severe water shortage will have what they call catastrophic consequences in some developing nations unless global solutions are found soon. One hundred and fifty experts aro und the world will discuss the water situation at a conference beginning Monday in Geneva.A top official from the World Meteorological Organization Arthur Askew says that by the year 2025, almost 1 billion people could be living in area s suffering from a scarcity of water. He says the number could double by the middle of the next century. Mr Askew says one area with serious wate r problems is the Middle East. But he says officials in the area are already working on ways to deal with the situation.Experts say water shortage problems also could develop in parts of Africa and western Asia as well as northeastern China, western and southern In dia, large parts of Pakistan and Mexico, and parts of the Pacific coast of t he United States and South America. Mr Askew says there‟s a moral obli gation to treat water as a precious resource and a need to realize that large amounts of water are used often wastefully in food production and manuf acturing.“All commodities have used water in their production and you must be a ware therefore that if you‟re importing food from one country to another you are in fact importing part of the water resources of that country.” Mr Askew also says water shortages lead to a conflict between rural and urba n demands.“In many regions of the world, the water crisis is not coming because of human consumption directly for potable water, for drinking, or for sanitar y purposes, it‟s coming for agriculture. And in general about 80 percent o f the water, which is consumed, i. e., is extracted from the rivers or from underground resources and is not returned, is for agriculture. And there‟s considerable pressure now on the agricultural sectors to see if they cannot use that water ore efficiently.Mr Askew says it‟s estimated that a person needs about 5 liters of water a day to survive, and a person needs about 5 liters of water a day to survive, and a person lives comfortably with about 50 liters a day. But he says peo ple in many countries are using 500 liters of water each day. He says way s must be found to reduce such overuse before it‟s too late.Part III City recyclingA a. 2 b. 4 c. 3 d. 1B1.130,000 / 80%2. Plastic / glass / tin cans / newspapers3. Recycle truck pick it up.4. One of community’s recycling centers5. Each weekday6. Conducts tours of the plant7. 3 / 48. Sod to other companies that make them into different products9. Made into new containers10. One of the top five in the USATapescript:The United States is running out of landfill space, places to put its trash. Because of that, more communities are encouraging their residents to rec ycle, to set aside certain materials that won‟t go to the landfill. One area t hat‟s met the recycling challenge head-on, is the southeast City of Charlotte, North Carolina. In just a few years, its recycling program has become one of the country‟s most successful. Catherine Smith lives in one of the 130,000 eligible recycling househol ds in Charlotte, North Carolina. Nearly 80 percent of the households parti cipate in the program. Each week, Smith goes to her front porch and fills her red plastic bin with recyclables. “You‟ve got any plastic containers m arked one or two. You‟ve got any glass. They also recycle tin cans and ne wspapers. So all of that can go in the curbside pick-up bin.”“Well, this is the easy part. Then someone, ah, driving a Charlotte Mec klenburg …Recycle Now‟ truck comes and, usually, at some point—tomorrow or Friday—and they pick it up at curbside. And that‟s it.”From there, Smith‟s cans, bottles, and newspapers are taken to oneof the community‟s recycling centers. The City of Charlotte actually cont racts with a private company to process the recyclables.This plant is operated by a company called FCR. The recycling trucks pull into FCR each weekday morning to drop off the used material. Inside, the processing center at FCR is bustling with activity. One of the first thin gs you notice in the 26,000-square-foot facility is a huge mound of materials called the “commingle area.” B asically, it‟s a big pile of assorted trash. There are forklifts transporting g arbage, and people sorting through it. Paula Hoffman is education coordin ator at FCR. She conducts tours of the plant for more than one thousand p eople a month.“The aluminum cans, the number one and number two plastic container s, the spiral cans, the glass bottles and jars are all mixed together into a hu ge pile. And…we are receiving about 100 tons a day, which is 200,000 po unds, so you can imagine how many bottles and cans are in that pile.”“Can we walk around a little bit?”“As you can see, the bottles and cans are riding up the conveyor belt, a nd they‟ll end up on a sorting station, where there are twelve workers that will hand-sort the bottles and cans and other containers. As you can see, from the sorting station, they drop their material down a chute into a large container below. The sorting station is on a raised platform.” Across from the sor ters and the commingle area is a mound ofnewspaper. Of the material brought to FCR, three quarters of it is newspri nt. It rides a separate conveyor belt, is checked, and is compacted into bal es, 11 to 12 hundred pounds each. Back in the quiet of FCR‟s auditorium, Paula Hoffman describes what happens to the sorted and processed recyc lables the company receives from Catherine Smith and the thousands of o ther area residents. Hoffman says they‟re sold to other companies that the n make them into different products.“Your food and beverage glass containers are always made into new fo od and beverage glass containers. Your aluminum beverage cans are, the biggest percentage of the time, made into new aluminum beverage cans. Twenty five percent of all beverage, Coca-Cola, Pepsi bottles are now made into new Pepsi or Coke bottles. Howeve r, a certain percentage is also made into other products such as the fuzz o n a tennis ball, carpeting…your number two plastic…a lot of it‟s made in to plastic wood.”Charlotte, the surrounding county, and FCR are glad to add new recycl ables to their program as long as there‟s a need for the recycled material.From its high participation rate to the quality end product, Charlotte‟s rec ycling program is considered one of the top five in the nation.But ultimately, the success of the Charlotte area recycling program can be traced to the curbsides of the many individual citizens who, like Catherine Smith, are active participants in program.Unit 3 World News: Economic DevelopmentsPart I Warming upA1. Who have been meeting in Hong Kong today to discuss the outlook for the global economy?Central Bank governors from more than a dozen countries.2. What does UNCTAD say about the worldwide total of foreign investment?It grew by 40% last Year to more than 600 billion dollars.3. Who has approved a cut in income tax rates?The United States House of Representatives.4. Who has announced job cuts after a fall in demand for its products? IntelWhat is its plan?To reduce its workforce by5,000.5. What decisions have been made by EU, the U.S. and Canada after a case of foot-and-mouth disease was confirmed in France?EU has imposed further restrictions on the movement of livestock.The U.S. and Canada have issued temporary bans on the import of animal produce from EU.Tapescript:1. Central Bank governors from more than a dozen countries have been meeting in Hong Kong today. One subject they likely discussed is the outlook for the global economy because of the U. S. slowdown and Japan's struggling recovery. Another topic they may have discussed is how to strengthen financial markets in emerging economies in Asia and elsewhere.2. A United Nations' report says the worldwide total of foreign investment grew by nearly 40% last year to more than 600 billion dollars. The report by the UN Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD says most of it took place between developed countries as big companies took one another over.3. The United States House of Representatives has approved a cut in income tax rates, the first part of a package of tax cutting measures put forward by President Bush. The income tax reductions will amount to nearly 1 trillion dollars over ten years.4. The world's largest maker of computer chips, Intel, has announced jobcuts after a fall in demand for its products. Intel said it expected its revenue in the first quarter of this year to fall by a quarter than the same period last year. The California-based company plans to reduce its85,000-strong work force by 5,000.5. The European Union has imposed further restrictions on the movement of live-stock after a case of foot-and-mouth disease was confirmed in France. The United States and Canada have issued temporary bans on the import of all animal produce from EU countries.B1.Foreign exchange rates:1 dollar = 1.733 German marks= 126.9 Japanese yen1 pound =1.624 dollarsShare IndexDow Jones (up to) 6,783 (+45)London’s 100 (up to) 4,390 (+20)Nikkie closed2. Share Index:Dow Jones 10,116 (+96)Standrd and Poor’s 500 1,254 (+6)NASDAQ: (-1.5%)3. Share Index:Dow Jones 8,094 ( - 66 )NASDAQ 1,662 (- 3 )FT100 ( -36 )CAC Quarante ( -33, -1% )DAX ( -1% )4. Most active stocks:Cable and Wireless HKT up $ 0.45HSBC down $ 0.50Hutchison down $ 0.50 Shanglongkai Property up $ 2.25China Telecom down $ 1.50Chang Kong down $ 0.25Pacific Century Cyberworlds down $ 0.10CCT Telecom down $ 0.275New World CyberBase down $ 0.075Hanong Holdings down $ 0.25Gold prices:Hong Kong gold: HK$ 2,670London gold: US $ 2895. Earnings:Philips Electronics (last year): $ 2.4 billion ($ 300 million) Royal Dutch Shell (4th quarter): $ 3.6 billionElectronic Data Systems (4th quarter): $ 0.70 per share ( $ 0.02 up)Tapescripts:1. The dollar is trading at one German mark seventy-three point three and at 126.9 Japanese yen. The pound buys one dollar sixty-two point four. In New York, the Dow Share Index closed 45 higher at 6,783. Earlier London's 100 Share Index ended 20 higher at 4,390. In Tokyo, the Nikkei Share Index is closed for a holiday.2. The Dow Jones Industrial Average closed up 96 points at 10,116. The Standard and Poor's 500 Index gained 6 points to close at 1,254. But the NASDAQ Index lost 1.5% as high technology and Internet stocks were battered.3. Right now the Dow is down another 66 points at 8,094; the NASDAQ Composite down 3 points at 1,662. Turning to Europe's major markets: London stocks were hit by a wave of profit taking after five straight record closes; the FT 100 Index down 36 points; Paris seeing losses as well, the CAC quarante down 33 points or 1%; and Frankfurt's DAX also fell 1% after briefly moving into record territory.4. The Hang Seng Index closed down 89 points at 3,521. The turnover was 7.71 billion dollars. Now look at the ten most active stocks. Cable and Wireless HKT up 45 cents, HSBC holdings down 50 cents,Hutchison down 50 cents, Shanglongkai Property up $2.25, and China Telecom down $1.50, Chang Kong up 25 cents, Pacific Century Cyberworlds down 10 cents, CCT Telecom down 27.5 cents, New World Cyberspace down 7.5 cents, and Hanong Holdings down 25 cents. The Hang Seng Index future for November and December were all down. Hong Kong gold closed at 2,670 Hong Kong dollars, and London gold is trading at 289 U.S. dollars.5. Consumer electronics maker Philips Electronics reported a lower than expected profit for last year. The company made about $2.4 billion, more than $300 million below estimates. Oil company Royal Dutch Shell posted its earnings. It made roughly a $3.6 billion profit for its fourth quarter. That was essentially in line with Street expectations. Electronic Data Systems also reported its fourth quarter numbers last night. It posted a 70-cent profit per share, two cents better than expectations.Part II News reportsASummary:This news report is about Forbes's "Super 100 Global" list.Answer the questions:1. Which of the following corporations are the top five on Forbes's list? Mark their ranks.2 Citigroup4 HSBC Banking Company-- BP-Amoco5 Daimler-Chrysler1 General Electric Corporationn Microsoft3 Bank of America2. How are the companies ranked?The companies are ranked with a composite formula, which includes total sales, profits, assets and market capitalization, or the total value of their stock.3. How are the 100 companies distributed?46 in the United States, 54 in Europe and Japan.4. Why were none of the Internet-related firms included in the list? Because most of the Internet-related firms have little or no profits so far. Tapescripts:For the second year in a row, the General Electric Corporation is ranked number one in an annual survey of the 100 most powerful corporations in the world.The survey, compiled and published by Forbes business magazine, shows General Electric of the United States ranked number one, followed in second and third place by the U.S. banking and financial services giantsCitigroup and Bank of America. In fourth and fifth place are the British-based HSBC Banking Company and Daimler-Chrysler, the German-American auto-company. The companies are ranked with a composite formula, which includes total sales, profits, assets and market capitalization, or the total value of its (their) stock. What the magazine calls its "Super 100 Global" list are 46 companies based in the United States and 54 in Europe and Japan.Mike Ozanian, the Forbes editor who compiled the list, says there is a growing trend of international mergers and acquisitions, citing companies such as Daimler-Chrysler and BP-Amoco, the Anglo-American Oil Company. Mr. Ozanian says that despite the huge capitalizations of many Internet-related firms, none were included because most have little, if any, profits -- at least not yet.BSummary:This news report gives us a general picture of the U.S. stock market. It also presents some analysts' views on the market.Statements:1. The Dow Jones Industrial Average went up less than one percent, to 10,546.2. An analyst said that sales growth at Intel could be stronger than expected.3. Retail stocks gained on stronger-than-expected sales because of the Thanksgiving holiday shopping season.4. Sales of existing homes fell a steep 3.9% in October, their second monthly decline.5. According to investment strategist Alan Skrainka, this is a very good entry point for a long-term investor to get into the market. Tapescript:U.S. stock prices were mixed on Monday, with the "blue-chips" in a rally mode. But volume was only moderate after a holiday-shortened week last week, showing lingering uncertainty among investors.The Dow Jones Industrial Average went up 75 points, less than one percent, to 10,546. The S & P 500 Index gained 7 points. But the NASDAQ Composite backed off an early rally, taking a loss of almost one percent on weakness in selected technology stocks.The Dow Industrials actually got a boost from their technology components. Shares of Intel traded higher after an analyst said sales growth at the leading computer chip-maker could be stronger than expected. Microsoft stock also edged higher.Retail stocks gained on stronger-than-expected sales over the Thanksgiving weekend, as the holiday shopping season got underway. However, analysts caution the retail picture is still clouded because many stores offered bargains to attract shoppers. Experts worry that higher oilprices and interest rates will make this a less than merry Christmas season for U.S. merchants.The latest on the U.S. economy points to slower growth. Sales of existing homes fell a steep 3.9 percent in October, their second monthly decline. Many analysts think uncertainty over the economy makes it increasingly likely that the major stock averages will close lower for the year. But investment strategist Alan Skrainka says the longer-term looks better. "No one can guess what will happen to the market over the next month. But over the long-term, we think the market looks very good. If you're a long-term investor, this is a very good entry point for getting into the market because this is what you've been waiting for. All the fear and uncertainty in the marketplace is setting us up for some very good values in the market."Part III Voice mail may cost company’s businessAJud Jessup (TakeCare HMO): …personalized service…”high service”…getting a recording…efficient…cost effective……individual problems….Stanley Plogue (Plogue Research): …a fourth…let out…voice mail system…given up…Sandy hale (Pacific Bell):… bottom line…costs…more efficient…customer service operations…a valuable tool.B1. T2. T3. F4. F5. T6. F7. F8. T9. T10. TC3. Five years ago, people were wary of voice-mail.4. TakeCare used a funny voice-mail message in its advertisements.6. Voice-mail decreases contact between customers and companies.7. The problem is not the technology, but the voice-mail menus.Part IV Business jargonA1.…language shorthand….2.…overuse business jargon…a negative effect…3.…a low opinion…management jargon…a third…a lack of confidence…one in five …untrustworthy…cover something up.4.…an effective boss…can easily understand…of management jargon.B1. T2. T3. F4. F5. FC1.blue-sky thinking: imagine new or different ways of doing things2.get our ducks in a row: have everything arranged efficiently3.brain dump: tell everything you know about a particular subject4.think outside the box: be creative in how you think about problems5.the helicopter view: an overview6. a heads up: a warning7.that’s a real no-brainer: that’s simple英语专业学生经典的听力材料Unit 4 World News: Up in SpacePart I Warming upA1. To Mars / March of next year.2. Because of a mechanical problem.3. 5 males and 2 females.4. NASA / At the end of September, 83 days after landing.5. To return home at the Kennedy Space Center after completing repairs on the Hubble Telescope.1. An American spacecraft is traveling to Mars to collect information abo ut the red planet. The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter left Cape Canaveral i n Florida on August 12th. The space vehicle is expected to arrive in March of next year. It is to orbit the planet for at least four years.2. The U.S. space shuttle Columbia has returned to Earth after an abbreviated stay in space because of a mechanical problem. The Space Agency o rdered the shuttle back to Earth after one of the three power generators fai led Sunday. The generators called “fuel cells” provide all of shuttle’s elec trical power, and NASA safety rules require the space ship to return to Ea rth if any fuel cell fails.3. US space shuttle Discovery has made a successful lift-off from Kennedy Space Center in Florida, en route to the International S pace Station. The shuttle with 5 male and 2 female astronauts onboard wil l take another section of the half-built International Space Station a little truss, or frame into orbits. It’s sch eduled to come back to earth on December 21.4.The United States Space Agency NASA says it’s given up any real hope of reviving its space probe on Mars. The spacecraft Pathfinder made its last transmission of scientific data from the surface of Mars at the end of September, 83 days after landing.5.The U.S. space shuttle Endeavor is preparing to return home in triumph after completing repairs on the Hubble Telescope. The Endeavor’s schedu led to land Monday at the Kennedy Space Center on Florida’s Atlantic co ast, returning to the site where the mission began eleven days ago.BMir Facts15 years。
Step by Step 3000 Teaching Plan Unit 1-7(答案加内容)
Unit 1 World News: International RelationsI Teaching objectives and requirements:Objectives:1 To let students master certain English listening skills;2 To let students learn about the world news, focusing on international relations;3 To make students broaden their eyesight to know more about world news by way of listening extensively.II Difficult and key points:Key points: Listening skills and the expressions on international relationsDifficult points: Some of the words and sentence structures and sentences on international relations.III Teaching approaches:1. Task-based instruction,2. Learner-centered instruction,3. Interactive teaching4. Communicative language teaching,5. Cooperative learning.IV Time allotment: 4 classesV Teaching procedures:Main teaching contents and stepsStep 1 Discussion (10 minutes)Two topics for discussion:Topic one: How to develop our English listening well?Topic two: What do you know about international relations?Goal: To learn some skills on English listening and to begin the content to be learned in Unit One.Step 2 Main content in Chapter 1 (145 minutes)Part I Warming upPart II News reportPart III Anti-piracy missionPart IV SpeechesPart I Warming upAWords learning:radical change (根本变革), further fighting (进一步的战斗), bomb (炸弹, 爆炸), depleted uranium (贫铀), allay (减轻，缓和), disquiet (使不安, 使担心), ammunition (弹药), Macedonian (马其顿人, 马其顿的), Albanian (阿尔巴尼亚人, 阿尔巴尼亚人的) guerrilla (游击队, 游击战), 大猩猩(gorilla), Bosnia(波斯尼亚), Kosovo (科索沃), Kuwait (科威特), navy aircraft (海军飞机), hit (袭击, 碰撞), push for (奋力争取), NATO (北约: 北大西洋公约组织, North Atlantic Treaty Organization).Tape listening:Listen to the CD from the computer first and then check the answers.1. The former American Defense Secretary William Perry has recommended aradical change of policy towards North Korea.2. Hundreds of thousands of mothers from across the United States gathered here in Washington Sunday to push for tougher gun control laws.3. There’s been further fighting between Macedonian forces and Ethnic Albanian guerrillas inside the Macedonian border with Kosovo.4. A bomb dropped by United States navy aircraft during training in Kuwait has hit a group of military observers, killing six of them.5. NATO is taking a number of steps to allay growing disquiet about the possible health risks from ammunitions containing depleted uranium, which it used in Kosovo and Bosnia.BWords learningsummit (峰会), collision (碰撞, 冲突), eradicate (根除, 消灭), shrug off (摆脱), denunciation (谴责), regime (政体, 政权, 管理体制), pluck (摘, 拔, 扯), upsurge (高涨, 高潮) breach (破坏, 打破), vessel (船, 舰), West Bank (约旦河西岸), Gaza (加沙地区)，reverse ( 扭转, 颠倒), ASEAN: Association of Southeast Asian Nations ( 东南亚国家联盟, 简称东盟), rank (n. 1. 等级; 地位,身份 2. 社会阶层;军阶,军衔 3. 高地位,高身份,显贵 4. 排,横), Rangoon (仰光:缅甸首都) USS(the United States Ship: 美国军舰) Greenville:军舰名emergency surfacing drill (紧急海上演习), Coast Guard (海岸警卫队), Israeli (以色列的, 以色列人的, n 以色列人), troops (部队,军队), Palestinian (巴勒斯坦的, 巴勒斯坦人的，n 巴勒斯坦), gunmen (枪手), rage (vi. 大怒；流行，风行).Tape listening:Listen to the CD from the computer first and then check the answers.1. To make commitments to eradicate poverty, promote democracy and education, and reverse the spread of AIDS.2. Burma, Cambodia, and Laos.3. A US nuclear submarine tore through a Japanese fishing vessel, sinking it within minutes.35/94. Gun battles between Israeli troops and Palestinian gunmen have been raging overnight.5. Some nuclear facilities have breached many health and safety laws.More than half of the nuclear plants failed some basic tests, such as checking radiation measurements.Part II News reportAWords learning:Ballot ((以无记名)投票,投票表决[(+for/against)], e.g.: They balloted for a new chairman. 他们投票选举了新主席), contention (争论，争辩，论点), lobby (v 游说, n 大厅, 休息厅), UN General Assembly (联合国大会), Mauritius (毛里求斯), Security Council (安全理事会), Organization of African Unity (OAU, 非洲统一组织，1963)，allot (分配，分派), balloting (投票), King Harald (哈拉德王), Tape listening:Listen to the CD from the computer first and then check the answers.SummaryThe news report tells us that the United Nations General Assembly has elected Columbia, Ireland, Mauritius, Norway and Singapore as the new non-permanent members of the Security Council.Statements:1. Columbia, Ireland, and Singapore won their seats as non-permanent members of the security Council on the first round of balloting while Mauritius and Norway won their seats on the fourth ballot.2. Sudan and Mauritius are two candidates competing for the second seat for the African and Asian group.3. There were three countries contending for the two seats allotted to the western industrialized group of nations.4. The Security Council is made up of 15 members, including five permanent members —China, France, Great Britain, Russia, and the United States and 10 non-permanent members.BWords learningabstain(自制, 放弃), high-profile (高调的, 知名度高的), genocide (种族灭绝), UN Human Rights Commission (人权委员会), Bosnian (波斯尼亚人, 波斯尼亚人的), Rwanda (卢旺达：东非国家), maneuver（用计谋，调遣）cycle of violence (暴力周期), dissenting (不同意的), East Timor (东帝汶), volatile (不稳定的)Tape listening:Listen to the CD from the computer first and then check the answers. SummaryThis news report tells us that the United Nations Human Rights Commissions was going to hold an emergency meeting to deal with the crisis situation between Israeli and Palestinians.Answers to the questions:1. 532. 483. 34. The United States5. Canada6. On October 18th7. No more than three days8. To get the Israelis and Palestinians back to the negotiating table9. 4 / Bosnian War / genocide in Rwanda / violence in East TimorPart III Anti-piracy missionAWords learning:Warship (战舰，军舰) , operation (操作, 经营), Somalia (索马里：非洲) ), surveillance (监督, 监视), deter (制止, 阻止), vis-à-vis (和面对面, 同相比), ransom (赎金, 赎回), infested (被扰乱的) infest (骚扰, 扰乱). EU’s Naval Operation (海军作战), crew (全体人员, 全体船员), robust (强健的,强有力的), Gulf of Aden (亚丁湾)Tape listening:Listen to the CD from the computer first and then check the answers.EU’s Naval OperationThe massive problem: Piracy off Somalia’s watersAlmost 100 ships were attacked this year alone. Somali pirates are holding about 16 ships and more than 350 crew members off their country’s coast.EU’s mission:Sending 6 warships and more than 3 surveillance planes to tackle the problemAim: To deter, to prevent, to protect and, in particular, to protect the UN humanitarian component (成分, 组件) in those waters vis-à-vis Somalia.Headquarters: Near LondonDuration: At least a yearBWords learningChinese naval task force (特遣部队, 特别小组, 工作小组), escort mission (护航使命, 护航任务), rear admiral (海军少将), applause (欢呼, 鼓掌), combat (与…战斗, 反对), secure (vt. 保护), safeguard (保护, 捍卫), special forces (特种部队), appeal (恳求).Tape listening:Listen to the CD from the computer first and then check the answers.Chinese Navy’s Escort Mission against PiracyPrimary mission: To secure vessels, personnel and cargo, but not to hit piracy off the Somali coast directly.Target: To protect the ships and personnel passing through the area (the Gulf of Aden and waters off the coast of Somalia); to safeguard the vessels transporting humanitarian materials from international organizations.Number of crew members:800 incl. 70 soldiers from the Navy’s special forces.Duration of the first phase: Three monthsTime ready to receive protection appeals: Jan. 6Part IV SpeechesWords learningSpace project (太空计划), touch, swelter (使闷热, 使中暑), oasis (绿洲), vindication (辩护, 证明无罪), cynicism (愤世嫉俗), creed (信条, 教义), affirmatively (肯定地, 断然地), tribute (颂词, 礼赞), Georgia (乔治亚州), injustice (歧视, 不公平), oppression (压迫), content of their character (品质的含量, 人品的内涵)，restore (还原, 恢复), Ann Nix Cooper( Ann Louise Nixon Cooper (January 9, 1902 –December 21, 2009) was a centenarian mentioned in United States President-elect Barack Obama's November 2008 election speech as a representative of the change in status African Americans had undergone during the past century and more in America. Before that, she was a noted member of the Atlanta African-American community and an activist for civil rights.), reclaim (开拓, 改造)Tape listening:Listen to the CD from the computer first and then check the answers. Extract 1 (Expressing an opinion): I believe that … I believe we should…Extract 2 (Paying a tribute): He said to those he touched and who sought to touch him…Extract 3 (Expressing an opinion): I have a dream…Extract 4(Expressing an opinion): America needs a full-time President and a full-time Congress.Extract 5 (accepting a post): I am profoundly grateful … for giving me the chance to serve you.(making a promise): I will do everything I can be worthy of … I promise you…that I will…Extract 6(Expressing determination): This is our time, to put …to restore…to reclaim…Yes, we can.Step 3 Knowledge Extension (20 minutes)Listen to the latest world news on international relations.Goal: To further know about international relations.Step 4 Problem-Solving and Homework (5 minutes)Homework:1. Review the content learned this class.2. Do certain practice on English listening from BBC or VOA, or other programs and show the general idea for each class from the second week.3. Preview Unit 2 so as to be familiar with the content.4. Any questions on English listening and English learning can be submitted to me or solved in class with your active proposal.5. You shall insist on listening to English programs at least 30 minutes each day.Goal: To solve the problems students have in class and ask students to do certain homework to reinforce their knowledge on world news focusing on international relations.Design of teaching process: Review for 10 minutes, textbook learning for 100 minutes, knowledge extension for 20 minutes, and offering assignment for 5 minutes.Remarks: Add certain knowledge on international relations.Some websites for English listening:1. 人人听力网/2. 普特英语听力/3. 可可英语网/4. 在线英语听力室/5. 听力特快/6. 沪江英语/7. 我爱英语网/tl/8. 听力课堂/English programs:BBC, VOA, CRI, CCTV 9 , etcUnit 2 World News: Earth and EnvironmentI Teaching objectives and requirements:Objectives:1 To let students master certain English listening skills;2 To let students learn about the world news, focusing on the topics of earth and environment;3 To make students broaden their eyesight to know more about world news on earth and environment by way of listening extensively.II Difficult and key points:Key points: Listening skills and the expressions on earth and environmentDifficult points: Some of the words and sentence structures and sentences on earth and environment.III Teaching approaches:1. Task-based instruction,2. Learner-centered instruction,3. Interactive teaching4. Communicative language teaching,5. Cooperative learning.IV Time allotment: 4 classesV Teaching procedures:Main teaching contents and stepsStep 1 Review (5 minutes)Review what we have learned in Unit 1 on the topic of international relationsPart I Warming upPart II News reportPart III Anti-piracy missionPart IV SpeechesGoal: To review the learned points and begin the new learning content of Unit 2.Step 2 Classmates’ presentation(10 minutes)Requirements for classmates’ presentation:● 1. Each classmate makes the presentation for about 2 minutes.● 2. 3 classmates are to take part in the presentation voluntarily or passively.● 3. The presentation is recorded as a classroom performance.● 4. While listening, the other classmates shall listen to the presentationcarefully and intensively.● 5. If you have questions, you can ask after the presentation.Goal: To check and train students’English listening effect and their English speaking ability.Main content in Chapter 2 (145 minutes)Part I Warming upPart II News reportPart III City recyclingPart IV Language study and language appreciationPart I Warming upAWords learning:oil spill (漏油, 浮油, 石油漏出), spill (n 溢出,溅出, 摔下vi 溢出, 流出, 摔下vt 使流出使溢出, 使摔下), wildfires (野火, 大火灾), melting (融化的, 溶解的), blaze (n 火焰烈火vi 燃烧, 发光, 激发vt 在树皮上刻路标，公开宣布), coastal regions (沿岸区域, 滨海区), desertification (沙漠化, 荒漠化), Brazil (巴西), San Diego (圣地亚哥，加州港口城市), crew (船员), Everglades (埃弗格莱兹, 弗罗里达的城市), contained (被控制的, 被遏制), Space Agency (航天局, 宇航局), Greenland (格陵兰岛, 北美东北的一大岛, 属丹麦), ice sheet (冰层)Tape listening:Listen to the CD from the computer first and then check the answers.1. New research on the likely impact of climate change suggests that damage to crops in low-lying coastal regions could be worse that previously thought.2. More than 2000 delegates from around the world have gathered in northern Brazil for the third United Nations Conference on Desertification.3. Crews are working to clean up a huge oil spill off the coast of Mexico, about 50 miles south of San Diego.4. Wildfires in the Florida Everglades have been contained after nearly a week of blazes that consumes 65, 000 hectares in the southern part of the state.5. A US Space Agency study finds that Greenland is melting around the edges. The loss to the world’s second largest ice sheet – more that 50 cubic kilometers per year – is enough to raise global sea level by 0.12 millimeters.BWords learningWater plan (水利计划), reptile (爬行动物), aerial offensive (空气传播侵害), directory (名录，人名地址簿), plants (植物，工厂), deformity (畸形), salamander (蝾螈，火蜥蜴), alligator (鳄鱼), eradicate (根除，消灭), herbicide (除草剂), sawgrass (锯齿草), xeriscaping (节水型园艺), World Conservation Union (世界自然保护联盟), Boulder County Green Pages (圆石县绿色倡议), amphibian (两栖类的), poppy (波比, 罂粟花), sphere (范围), Rotary Clubs(扶轮社，扶轮国际的分支机构), put together (组合). sponsoring group(赞助团体)Tape listening:Listen to the CD from the computer first and then check the answers.1. It attempts to balance environmental concerns and the needs of the community.2. Reptile species are in greater trouble than amphibian species.3. A new approach in the fight against the illegal drugs trade.4. One in every eight species of plants is threatened with extinction.5. A new local directory for the environmentally-aware, called the “Boulder County Green Pages”.Part II News reportAWords learning:deteriorate (恶化, 变坏), vibrancy (振动，活力), coral reef (珊瑚礁), glacier (冰河，冰川)，Worldwatch Institute (世界观察研究所), State of the World 2000 (2000年世界状况), Daimler-Chrysler (戴姆勒-克莱斯勒), Shell Oil (壳牌石油公司) hydrogen powered economy (氢动力经济)Tape listening:Listen to the CD from the computer first and then check the answers.An annual study by the Worldwatch Institute in Washington says with the boom in the information economy(信息经济，咨询经济), Americans have lost sight of the deteriorating health of the planet. The fast growing information economy is affecting every aspect of life, from communication, commerce and work, to education and entertainment. The Worldwatch Institute gives the earth an annual physical exam (体检, 实际检查). According to this year’s result, almost all those vital signs of the health of the earth, including the number of species, the stability of climate, the health of coral reefs, show deterioration. Other warning signs are rising temperatures, falling water tables (地下水位，潜水面), melting glaciers, shrinking forests, and collapsing fisheries. The major environmental challenges in the 21st century will be to stabilize both climate and world population growth.BWords learningglobal solutions(全球解决方案), overuse (过度使用), catastrophic (灾难的), scarcity (不足，缺乏), potable (适于饮用的), sanitary (n. 公共厕所adj. 卫生的, 清洁的), World Meteorological Organization (世界气候组织)Tape listening:Listen to the CD from the computer first and then check the answers. SummaryThis news report is about the severe shortage of water in some developing nations. It will lead to catastrophic consequences unless global solutions are found soon.Answers to the questions:1. 1502. Monday3. Almost one billion people could suffer from a scarcity of water.4. Middle East, parts of Africa, western Asia, northeaster China, western and southern India, large parts of Pakistan and Mexico, parts of the Pacific coast of the United States and South America.5. To treat water as a precious resource.6. 5 liters7. 50 liters8. 500 litersPart III City recyclingAWords learning:landfill (垃圾填埋地, 垃圾堆), recyclables (可回收物, 可循环利用物), curb (抑制, 路边, 勒马绳)side，bustle (喧嚣, 热闹的活动), mound (高地, 堆), commingle (混合, 合并), assorted (组合的, 各式各样的, 混杂的), forklift (铲车, 叉车), fuzz (n. 绒毛, 模糊, 细毛), North Carolina (北卡罗来纳州), Charlotte Mecklenburg (夏洛特梅克伦堡)“Recycle Now”truck, FCR, porch (门廊, 走廊), plastic wood (塑料木)Tape listening:Listen to the CD from the computer first and then check the answers.A2 43 1B1. 130, 000 / 80%2. Plastics / glass / tin cans / newspapers3. Recycle truck picks it up.4. One of community’s recycling centers5. Each weekday6. Conducts tours of the plant7. 3/48. Sold to other companies that make them into different products.9. Made into new containers.10. One of the top five in the USAPart IV Language study and language appreciationWords learningto press the case for (敦促, 要求), head-on (adj. 正面的；直接的；头朝前的，adv. 迎头；头朝前地；正面针对地)Tape listening:To listen to the CD to appreciate the use of the words and expressionsStep 3 Knowledge Extension (15 minutes)Listen to the latest world news on earth and environment.Goal: To further know about earth and environment.Step 4 Problem-Solving and Homework (5 minutes)Homework:1. Review the content learned this class.2. Do certain practice on English listening from BBC or VOA, or other programs and show the general idea for each class from the second week.3. Preview Unit 3 so as to be familiar with the content.4. Any questions on English listening and English learning can be submitted to me or solved in class with your active proposal.5. You shall insist on listening to English programs at least 30 minutes each day.Goal: To solve the problems students have in class and ask students to do certain homework to reinforce their knowledge on world news focusing on earth and environment.Design of teaching process: Review for 10 minutes, textbook learning for 100 minutes, knowledge extension for 20 minutes, and offering assignment for 5 minutes.Remarks: Add certain knowledge on earth and environment.Unit 3 World News: Economic DevelopmentsI Teaching objectives and requirements:Objectives:1 To let students master certain English listening skills;2 To let students learn about the world news, focusing on economic developments;3 To make students broaden their eyesight to know more about world news on economic developments by way of listening extensively.II Difficult and key points:Key points: Listening skills and the expressions on economic developmentsDifficult points: Some of the words and sentence structures and sentences on economic developments.III Teaching approaches:1. Task-based instruction,2. Learner-centered instruction,3. Interactive teaching4. Communicative language teaching,5. Cooperative learning.IV Time allotment: 4 classesV Teaching procedures:Main teaching contents and stepsStep 1 Review (5 minutes)Review what we have learned in Unit 3 on the topics of earth and environment Part I Warming upPart II News reportPart III City recyclingPart IV Language study and language appreciationGoal: To review the learned points and begin the new learning content of Unit 3.Step 2 Classmates’ presentation (10 minutes)Requirements for classmates’ presentation:● 1. Each classmate makes the presentation for about 2 minutes.● 2. 3 classmates are to take part in the presentation voluntarily or passively.● 3. The presentation is recorded as a classroom performance.● 4. While listening, the other classmates shall listen to the presentationcarefully and intensively.● 5. If you have questions, you can ask after the presentation.Goal: To check and train students’English listening effect and their English speaking ability.Main content in Chapter 3 (100 minutes)Part I Warming upPart II News reportPart III V oice mail may cost company’s businessPart IV Business jargonPart I Warming upAWords learning:outlook (前景，展望), foreign investment (外国投资), income tax cut (所得税消减), job cuts (工作减少，职位减少), animal produce (畜产品), slowdown (放缓，减慢), impose (施加，强加), live-stock (家畜，牲畜), Central Bank (中央银行，央行)，UN Conference on Trade and Development (联合国贸易与发展大会), United States House of Representatives (美国众议院), foot-and-mouth disease (口蹄疫) Tape listening:Listen to the CD from the computer first and then check the answers.1. Central Bank governors from more than a dozen countries.2. It grew by 40% last year to more than 600 billions dollars.3. The United States House of Representatives.4. Intel; To reduce 5000.5. EU has imposed further restrictions on the movement of live-stock.The US and Canada has issued temporary bans on the import of animal produce from EU.BWords learningEarnings (收入，工资，薪金), batter ( n. 击球手；（用鸡蛋、牛奶、面粉等调成的）糊状物；墙面的倾斜. vt. 猛击；打坏；使向上倾斜. vi. 接连猛击；向上倾斜), profit taking (获利完成，实现利润，见利抛售), turnover (营业额，人员流动), London’s 100 Share Index (伦敦一百种股票指数)，Nikkei Share Index(日经指数，最重要、最著名的日本股票指数), FT 100 Index (英国《金融时报》100种股票指数), CAC Quarante (The CAC 40 is a benchmark French stock market index), DAX (德国综合指数), arrow (箭头) Dow Jones (道琼斯股票指数), active stock (活跃股票), Hang Seng Index (香港恒生股票指数), Cable and Wireless HKT (Hong Kong Telecommunications ) (香港有线无线电信股票), HSBC (汇丰银行：The Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation)，Hutchison (和记电讯：香港企业名), Shanglongkai Property (财产), Pacific Century Cyberworlds (盈科拓展集团网络世界), CCT Telecom (中建电讯), New World CyberBase (新世界数码基地), Hanong Holdings (控股，控股公司), Philips Electronics (飞利浦电子公司), Royal Dutch Shell (荷兰皇家壳牌), Electronic Data Systems (电子数据系统公司)Tape listening:Listen to the CD from the computer first and then check the answers.1. Foreign exchange rates:1 dollar = 1.733 German marks= 126.9 Japanese yen1 pound = 1.624 dollarsShare Index:Dow Jones ↑6,783 (+45)London’s 100↑4,390 (+20)Nikkei closed2. Share Index:Dow Jones ↑10,116 (+96)Standard and Poor’s 500 ↑1,254 (+6)NASDAQ ↓(-1.5%)3. Share Index:Dow Jones ↓8,094 (-66)NASDAQ ↓1,662 (-3)FT 100 ↓(-36)CAC Quarante ↓(-33, -1%)DAX ↓(-1%)4. Most active stocks:Cable and Wireless HKT ↑ $0.45HSBC ↓$0.50Hutchison ↓$0.50Shanglongkai Property ↑ $2.25China Telecom ↓$1.50Chang Kong ↑ $0.25Pacific Century Cyberworlds ↓$0.10CCT Telecom ↓$0.275New World CyberBase ↓$0.075Hanong Holdings ↓$0.25Gold prices:Hong Kong gold: HK$ 2670London gold: US$ 2895. Earnings:Philips Electronics (last year):$ 2.4 billion dollars ($ 300 million ↓)Royal Dutch Shell (4th quarter)$ 3.6 billionElectronic data Systems (4th quarter)$ 0.70 per share ($ 0.02 ↑)Part II News reportAWords learning:composite formula (合成公式), market capitalization (市值，市场总值，市场资本值), merger (合并, 并购), acquisition (收购，购买), cite (引用，表彰，引证), “Super 100 Global” list (全球一百强名单)Tape listening:Listen to the CD from the computer first and then check the answers. SummaryThis news report is about Forbes’s “Super 100 Global ” list.Answer the questions:1. 2 Citigroup4 HSBC Banking Company5 Daimler-Chrysler1 General Electric Corporation3 Bank of America2. The companies are ranked with a composite formula, which includes total sales, profits, assets and market capitalization, or the total value of their stock.3. 46 in the United States, 54 in Europe and Japan4. Because most of the Internet-related firms have little or no profits so far.BWords learningBlue chips (蓝筹股), rally (集会), edge (边缘，优势), clouded (阴云密布的，有暗影的，阴的), strategist (战略家，军事家)Tape listening:Listen to the CD from the computer first and then check the answers. SummaryThis news report gives us a general picture of the US stock market. It also presents some analysts’ views on the market.Statements:1. The Dow Jones Industrial Average went up less than one percent, to 10,546.2. An analyst said that sales growth at Intel could be stronger than expected.3. Retail stocks gained on stronger-than-expected sales because of the Thanksgiving holiday shopping season.4. Sales of existing homes fell a steep 3.9% in October, their second monthly decline.5. According to investment strategist Alan Skrainka, this is a very good entry point for a long-term investor to get in the market.Part III Voice mail may cost company’s businessAWords learning:V oice mail (语音邮件，语音信箱), ad campaign (广告活动), high service (高技术服务), voice jail (声音监狱, voice jail is the place in voicemail from which there is no escape, except to hang up.), Etiquette Guide (礼仪向导), turn off (关掉，关闭；拐弯，使转变方向), health maintenance organization (HMO, 保健组织，健康维护组织), lampoon (讽刺，讽刺文章), disembodied (adj. 空洞的；无实质的；无实体的), fidelity (n. 保真度；忠诚；精确；尽责), spoof (vt. 哄骗；戏弄；对…作幽默讽刺. vi. 行骗；开玩笑. n. 诳骗；愚弄；戏弄；讽刺性文章. adj. 哄骗的), fury (狂怒), run-in (n. 试车；插入部分；争论，车辆出入通道，汽车通道，路口), flawed (adj. 有缺陷的；有瑕疵的；有裂纹的), overhaul (vt. 分解检查，大修；追上并超过. n. 彻底检修，详细检查), backlash (n. 后座；反斜线；后冲, 回拨), TakeCare (当心，照料), Plogue Research (研究), Pacific Bell (太平洋贝尔电话公司) Tape listening:Listen to the CD from the computer first and then check the answers.AJud Jessup (TakeCare HMO): We strive to deliver personalized service and we’ve always positioned our company as what we call a “ high service” HMO. And wedon’t think that getting a recording is high service. It may – may be efficient, and it may be cost effective, but it’s not high service.…People have individual problems. I think there’ll always be a place for personalized service.Stanley Plogue (Plogue Research): About a fourth of the people said they have not let out a contractor or supplier because they didn’t like their voice mail system.And others have just given up with trying to deal with certain companies. Sandy Hale (Pacific Bell): As companies are, you know, watching what’s happening to their bottom line, and see what’s happening with their costs, they are looking for ways to become more efficient at what they do, including their customer service operations, and voice mail is certainly a valuable tool.B1. T2. T3. F4.F5.T6. F7. F8. T9. T 10. TC3. Five years ago, people were wary of voice-mail.4. TakeCare used a funny voice-mail message in its advertisements.6. V oice-mail decreases contact between customers and companies.7. The problem is not the technology, but the voice-mail menus.Part IV Business JargonWords learningShort-cuts (捷径), jargon (行话，术语), language shorthand (语言速记（法）), stakeholder (n. 利益相关者；赌金保管者), baffle (vt. 使…困惑；使…受挫折；用挡板控制. n. 挡板；困惑. vi. 做徒劳挣扎), fall foul (相撞), Investors in People (投资于人，认证)Tape listening:Listen to the CD from the computer first and then check the answers.A1. Jargon is simply a kind of language shorthand that lets us say what we mean quickly.2. A report just out in Britain claims that most managers overuse business jargon and that this has a negative effect on how staff feel.3. Most employees in Britain have a low opinion of colleagues who use management jargon. Over a third of those surveyed think it shows a lack of confidence and almost one in five think people who use it are untrustworthy or trying to cover something up.4. Peter Russian from Investors in People said that an effective boss is one who can communicate in a way which everyone can easily understand, not one who uses a lot of management jargon.B 1.T 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.FC 1.blue-sky thinking: imagine new or different ways of doing things2. get our ducks in a row: have everything arranged efficiently.3. brain dump: tell everything you know about a particular subject.4. think outside the box: be creative in how you think about problems。
新编大学英语第三册uint8课后练习（答案和翻译）
新编大学英语第三册uint8课后练习（答案和翻译）1.A recent survey reveals a grim fact that every year inthat asian country 78,0000 women die from __complication____ related to childbirth.最近的一项调查揭示了一个残酷的事实，亚洲每年有78000位妇女死于分娩并发症．2.When we are faced with a challenge, self-discouragementand self-encouragement can make a ___tremendous___ difference between a life of fear, frustration and a life of joy and harmony.当我们面对挑战的时候，沮丧和自我激励对生活的恐惧和挫折和开心和谐的生活有着巨大的区别．3.When spring is at last freed from winter’s bond, silentbirds arrive in their full songs and lifeless flowers burst forth in ___brilliant___ bloom.当春天摆脱了冬天的束缚，静寂的小鸟带着歌声来到，死气沉沉的花朵绽放着灿烂的生机4.Behavior ___analysis_is a natural scientific approachto the study of all behavior, and behavior analysts areconcerned with how our surroundings and personal histories determine who we are.行为分析是一种自然科学的方法研究所有的行为，行为分析师关心什么样的生活环境和个人历史决定我们是谁．5.A successful bone marrow _transplant___ can help curecancers of the blood. It is a tragedy that nearly one-third of all patients seeking a _transplant___are unable to find a donor whose bone marrow closely matches their own.一个成功的骨髓移植手术可以帮助治愈血癌，这是个悲剧，近三分之一的病人无法找到一个捐赠者的骨髓和自己的相匹配．6.“___In a sense_, the stark reality of the financialcrisis provides arare opportunity to rethink an economic system that has lost touch with the real wor ld,” said our professor of economics at a recent lecture.从某种意思上来说，金融危机严峻的显示提供了一个难得的机会让我们重新思考一个经济系统脱离了现实＂我们的经济学教授最近的一次演讲．7.On the rare occasions when he ___consented_____ to dointerviews, he usually sat silent and still, staring stone-faced at puzzled journalists.在极少数情况下，当他同意作采访，他通常沉默，仍然坐着，面无表情的盯着困惑的记者8._In some ways__, you’re like your mother. She didn’tcare who she hurt, just as long as she got what she wanted.在某些方面，你有点象你的母亲，她不在乎自己受伤没有，她只在乎她得到他想要的9.Deaf dogs can manage surprisingly well, with their____eyesight__and sense of smell helping to compensate for their lack of hearing.聋狗可以管理的非常好，它们的视力和嗅觉帮助它们弥补听力的不足．10.These nursing homes are meant to give old people asense of dignity and worth, but _In reality__they live in an isolated world cut off from both family and the wider community.这些疗养院是为了给老人们尊严和价值，但在现实中他们生活在一个孤立的世界切断了他们同家庭和社会的联系11.Is it sickening to think of a time when embryos willbe_Implanted_ in a man’s body, and develop. And be born, perhaps by caesarian section.当把胚胎植入一个人的身体，再成长，然后可能通过剖腹产生出来想起来就令人作呕．12.You can increase the life of your air-conditioner byperforming simple, routine cleaning __procedures___in accordance with the owner’s manual.空调可以通过做些简单的操作改善你的生活，按照用户手册日常清洁程序。
step by step3000第三册unit8答案及原文
Unit 8 ArchitecturePart I Warming upA.Tapescript:For hundreds of years, it has been an imperial capital of Europe. Its rulers raided the Western world to enrich the coffers of the empire. They spent their wealth on magnificent palaces and grand public buildings. They built an opera house that rivals any in Europe. They founded great museums and libraries. They constructed massive, ornate government buildings. And they raised opulent palaces for themselves.A tour of Vienna is a tour of these monuments to excess.Take Schonbrunn Palace, for instance. The Palace's Million Room, named after the cost of the decorations -- 1 million guilders, is a Rococo masterpiece. Inset in the paneling are 260 rare miniatures of Indo-Persian heritage. The frames are real gold leaf, and the paneling is precious wood. The Great Gallery, modeled after a room in Versailles near Paris, has 35-foot ceilings graced with giant frescoes（壁画）boasting of the power of the Austrian army. Massive crystal chandeliers reflect in the wall of mirrors, trimmed in gold leaf.The list of other sights to see in Vienna is long. St. Stephen's Cathedral dominates the skyline of Old Town, the medieval section of the city. Its main spire soars 450feet into the sky, and the top can be reached byclimbing 343 steps. The cathedral' was begun in the 12th century.In the catacombs（陵墓）beneath the cathedral are copper urns（骨灰坛）containing the intestines of deceased Habsburgs. Their bodies are in ornate caskets（棺材）in the Imperial Burial Vaults in the Kapuziner Church a few blocks away, and can be visited.The Old Town is a fascinating place to walk. Most of the narrow streets have been turned into pedestrian malls lined with shops, coffeehouses and restaurants. In one section, the original Roman ruins under the streets can be seen by going to an underground museum.The Natural History Museum and the Museum of Fine Arts occupy matching buildings on Maria Theresa Plaza, a small square across from the Hofburg. Hofburg is the Habsburg’s in-town palace. It is big, with 2,600 rooms, but not ornate. Hofburg is a jumble of buildings constructed at different times and in different styles, from Baroque, Gothic and Classical to Renaissance and Rococo. Its oldest parts date from the 13th century, but most were built from the 1700s on.B1.The Palais du Louvre:Location: heart of ParisBeginning year of construction: 1527Time when first used as a public art gallery: 1793The Louvre Pyramid:Designer: Ieoh Ming Pe iUse: the main entrance to the Palais du LouvreHeight: 21mWidth: 33mMaterials:steel tubes, cables, sheet glassYear of completion: 1988Tapescript:The Palais du Louvre stands at the heart of Paris, and houses one of the world's greatest collections of works of art. The original palace dates from 1527, and it was extended and added to over the next four centuries. It was first used as a public art gallery in 1793. In 1981, the Chinese-American architect Ieoh Ming Pei was commissioned to redevelop the public part of the Louvre and create more space for reception areas and services. He designed the famous Glass Pyramid, which serves as the main entrance to the building, leading underground to the museum and art gallery. The Pyramid is 21 meters high and 33 meters wide, and uses a combination of steel tubes, cables and sheet glass. It wascompleted in 1988,and quickly became a major tourist attraction in its own right.B21. She likes the Louvre Pyramid because of the transparency, and it has a light effect.2. She likes the Louvre Pyramid for its contrast of shapes. It emphasizes the beauty of the Louvre.3. She thinks the right thing is to put something so contradictory to the Louvre. They stand in dialogue with each other and they don't try to complement each other.4. She thinks it would have been the biggest mistake to try to build something similar to the Louvre.Tapescript:I like the Louvre Pyramid because of its transparency, because you canjust look through it, and it has a very light effect. It is not heavy and it is made of glass, and so it looks like a light object. And I like it for its contrast of shapes, because it is such a contrast to the Louvre building that in fact it doesn't interfere with the beauty of the Louvre, but it even, it emphasizes the beauty of the Louvre. And in the evening when this pyramid is lighted, it's just a source of light to put the Louvre into a new light. And this has for me also a symbolic meaning. And it is such an unexpected shape in this urban context, just to use a traditional shape of a pyramid built in new materials with new technologies, high-tech, and so on, that it is a completely surprising effect. So that people get shocked by it or they like it, but there is nobody who would be uninvolved or who could just pass and not notice this building. So it's something you have to look at. And I think this is also very important in building, and creating something in the cities, and exactly for example close to these historical buildings which are such a... they are so sensitive topics that nobody dares to touch them. I think the right thing is really to put something so contradictory to it that they stand in dialogue with each other and they don't even try to complement each other. Because it would have been the biggest mistake to try to build something similar to the Louvre, to put a building which would copy the Louvre, because it would just mean that we don't live in continuity, the architecture doesn't continue its history, but it would mean that architecture stands still on the level of the 17thcentury, and that would be a lie.Ecology 生态学ecological system 生态系统Consultant 顾问Model 模式Minimize 减小，减少Part II eco-conscious constructionAThe world’s first eco-city /off the coastAgricultural land /half a million /$1.3 billion /a sustainability consultantSustainable developmentA more ecologically friendly model /minimize impact on nature /solar and wind power /power and fertilizers /electric carsB1.1. a dream-house which is sustainable by the environment ----- an environmentally-sustainable dream-house2. windows that face south -- south-facing windows3. a kitchen that is well lit -- a well-lit kitchen4. paint that is based on milk or uses milk as a base ---- milk-based paint5. solutions which are beneficial to the environment -- environmentally-beneficial solutionsTapescript.1. Architect Jim Logan is building his environmentally-sustainable dream-house at the site of a former commune a few miles north of Boulder.2. As you drive onto the small farm property, you're immediately struck by a series of large south-facing windows.3. Walk through the well-lit kitchen, and you'll see that even the north side of the building has a passive solar component.4. In all facets of construction, Logan is emphasizing both biodegradable building products and nontoxic materials. He's using milk-based paint, for example.5. In many cases, many environmentally-beneficial solutions pay for themselves in as little as 6 or 7 or 8 months.Tapescript.1. Logan has incorporated nearly every aspect of a modern eco-conscious design.2. Every room in this house has a window that faces south, regardless of where it's located.3. All the rooms in the house have both day-lighting, which means that there's ample light coming in high into the room so that we don't need to use electric lights during the day.4. As a result, Logan's house will have neither a furnace nor air-conditioning.5. The so-called super-insulation is required to store the solar heat.6. Logan is also using thermal mass, or dirt, to keep the house both warm in the winter and cool in the summer.7. He's using milk-based paint, for example, and relatively little of that.8. This room and the inside of this room -- virtually all the finishes did not need to be painted.9. Painting is a fairly un-environmental act in that it is something that involves chemistry.10. Initially, Logan will get all his water from a well.11. The roof has gutters and will eventually collect rainwater for general use.B3. Main features:south-facing windows: day-lighting, solar heatno furnaceno air-conditioningsolar heater: hot waterthree-foot outside walls: adobe + insulation + adobethermal massmilk-based paintceiling: galvanizedinside wall: plasterno carpetnot connected to a water system: well, rainwaterTapescript:A--Alan J--Jones L--LoganA: Many environmentalists and energy experts say that the wave of the future won't be any one miracle cure, but rather overall conservation of available resources. The approach is being spearheaded by a quiet revolution in the eco-conscious construction business. Colorado Public Radio's Peter Jones recently visited a building site near Boulder andbrings us this report.J: Architect Jim Logan is building his environmentally sustainable dream-house at the site of a former commune a few miles north of Boulder. Logan has incorporated nearly every aspect of a modern eco-conscious design. As you drive onto the small farm property, you're immediately struck by a series of large south-facing windows. Walk through the well-lit kitchen, and you'll see that even the north side of the building has a passive solar component.L: Every room in this house has a window that faces south, regardless of where it's located, so all the rooms in the house have both day-lighting, which means that there's ample light coming in high into the room so that we don't need to use electric lights during the day, and also have south-facing glass that provides solar heat.J: As a result, Logan's house will have neither a furnace nor air-conditioning. For hot water, he'll tee an active solar heater. But efficient use of the sun is only one of the building's many eco-conscious features.L: The outside walls -- if you include a foot of adobe, a foot of insulation, and another foot of adobe- are three feet thick.J: The so-called super-insulation is required to store the solar heat, but Logan is also using thermal mass, or dirt, to keep the house both warm in the winter and cool in the summer.J: In all facets of construction, Logan is emphasizing both biodegradable building products and nontoxic materials. He's using milk-based paint, for example, and relatively little of that.L: This room and the inside of this room- virtually all the finishes did not need to be painted. The ceiling is made out of galvanized metal and the walls are plaster. Painting is a fairly un-environmental act in that it is something that involves chemistry, it involves doing it over and over many times in the lifetime of the building.J: And don't look for any carpeting in Logan's house.L: Well even if carpet is made from recycled material, it still can't be recycled the second time currently, so carpet virtually always gets thrown away. Also, most carpet gives off volatile organic compounds.J: Initially, Logan will get all his water from a well. The house won't be connected to a city water system. But he says the roof has gutters and will eventually collect rainwater for general use. Logan is paying $75 a square foot to build his house, and estimates environmental features added 10 - 15% to the up-front costs. But he says he'll save money in the long run. L: In many cases, many environmentally-beneficial solutions pay for themselves in as little as 6 or 7 or 8 months. A low-flow showerhead in most situations will pay for itself in a month.Part III Tomorrow's houseA.1. What is home automation? In your opinion, what are some of the things that could be examples of home automation?2. What are some of the main interests in creating automated houses?3. Can home automation offer benefits and lifestyle improvements for elderly and disabled people? Imagine how.B.Safety:Security systems that detect fires, gas and water leaks, intruders, unwelcome guests, etc.Security systems that limit home access to specific times of the day and tell you which doors and windows are openEnergy-efficiency:Lights that turn themselves off when you leave a roomSensors that help open skylights, turn on ceiling fans and close the draperies when the house reaches a certain temperature ConvenienceAppliances that tell you when something is wrong with them Security system, spa, lights, CD player, garage door, thermostat, stereo, etc. that can be controlled while in the house or remotely from a touch-tone phone or computer and modemLifestyle improvements for elderly and disabled people: voicecommand, infrared remote control, etc.Tapescript:Current advances in home automation offer homeowners convenience, security, energy savings and a lot of gee-whiz technology.With a fully automated home, you'd be able to pick up your phone, call your house and instruct it to disarm the security system, start the spa, turn up the lights and coax classical music from the compact disc player. While you were at it, you could also open the garage door or set the thermostat to a pleasant 70 degrees.Sound intriguing? How about lights that turn themselves off when you leave a room? A stereo that quiets itself when the phone rings? Or appliances that tell you when something is wrong with them?Although most home automation systems now on the market are expensive and available only in new homes, within the next two years you can expect an explosion of products that transform homes into architectural geniuses.By all accounts, the time is right for houses to become "smart." During the last decade, consumers have readily accepted such technological wonders as microwave ovens, fax machines and cellular phones. Our cars use microprocessors, automated tellers abound, and virtually everyone has access to a personal computer. The interest in home automation, however, is not born out of a desire to create a space-age home. It stemsfrom a genuine interest in ways to make houses safe, energy-efficient and more comfortable.Take security, for example. If there is a fire, an automated house will detect it, turn off the gas, close the dampers in the ventilation system, turn on the lights, unlock the doors, set off an alarm and call the fire department. More advanced systems might even tell you where the fire is and through which room you should escape.In the case of an intruder, a triggered motion detector can turn on floodlights in the yard and instruct your stereo to queue up the sound of a barking dog.Or say you want to avoid unwelcome guests. By mounting a video camera at the front door, you can view visitors on a TV screen. Automated security systems can also detect gas and water leaks, limit home access to specific times of the day and tell you which doors and windows are open when you activate the system.With Home Manager, one of several automation systems on the market, you can warm up the master bedroom, kitchen and bathroom in the morning before the alarm goes off. Or you can program it to keep the nursery at a constant temperature. In midsummer, you can even instruct sensors in the house to open skylights, turn on ceiling fans and close the draperies when the house reaches a certain temperature.All of these functions can be controlled while in the house or remotelyfrom a touch-tone phone or computer and modem.In addition, home automation offers tremendous lifestyle improvements for elderly and disabled people. For those who cannot push a button or flip a switch, a voice command can be used to activate security cameras, turn up the stereo volume or drop the room temperature a few degrees. The click of an infra: red remote control could turn on the oven, close the blinds or open the door.So what is home automation, exactly? In short, it's actually a combination of several things including microprocessors, enhanced power line transmission, computer chips, telephone and cable wiring, infrared sensors and radio frequency waves.Fortunately, the manufacturers that are developing these automated products understand that consumers don't care how something works as much as they care that it does work and is easy to operate.。
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Unit 3 World News: Economic DevelopmentsPart I Warming upA1. Who have been meeting in Hong Kong today to discuss the outlook for the global economy?Central Bank governors from more than a dozen countries.2. What does UNCTAD say about the worldwide total of foreign investment?It grew by 40% last year to more than 600 billion dollars.3. Who has approved a cut in income tax rates?The United States House of Representatives.4. Who has announced job cuts after a fall in demand for its products? IntelWhat is its plan?To reduce its workforce by 5,000.5. What decisions have been made by EU, the U.S. and Canada after a case of foot-and-mouth disease was confirmed in France?EU has imposed further restrictions on the movement of livestock.The U.S. and Canada have issued temporary bans on the import of animal produce from EU.Tapescripts:1. Central Bank governors from more than a dozen countries have beenmeeting in Hong Kong today. One subject they likely discussed is the outlook for the global economy because of the U. S. slowdown and Japan's struggling recovery. Another topic they may have discussed is how to strengthen financial markets in emerging economies in Asia and elsewhere.2. A United Nations' report says the worldwide total of foreign investment grew by nearly 40% last year to more than 600 billion dollars. The report by the UN Conference on Trade and Development, UNCTAD says most of it took place between developed countries as big companies took one another over.3. The United States House of Representatives has approved a cut in income tax rates, the first part of a package of tax cutting measures put forward by President Bush. The income tax reductions will amount to nearly 1 trillion dollars over ten years.4. The world's largest maker of computer chips, Intel, has announced job cuts after a fall in demand for its products. Intel said it expected its revenue in the first quarter of this year to fall by a quarter than the same period last year. The California-based company plans to reduce its 85,000-strong work force by 5,000.5. The European Union has imposed further restrictions on the movement of live-stock after a case of foot-and-mouth disease was confirmed in France. The United States and Canada have issuedtemporary bans on the import of all animal produce from EU countries. BForeign exchange rates:1 dollar = 1.733 German marks= 126.9 Japanese yen1 pound =1.624 dollarsShare IndexDow Jones up 6,783 (+45)London’s 100 up 4,390 (+20)Nikkie closed2. Share Index:Dow Jones up 10,116 (+96)Standrd and Poor’s 500 up 1,254 (+6)NASDAQ: down (-1.5%)3. Share Index:Dow Jones down 8,094 ( - 66 ) NASDAQ down 1,662 (- 3 )FT100 down ( -36 )CAC Quarante down ( -33, -1% )DAX down ( -1% )4. Most active stocks:Cable and Wireless HKT up $ 0.45HSBC down $ 0.50Hutchison down $ 0.50 Shanglongkai Property up $ 2.25China Telecom down $ 1.50Chang Kong up $ 0.25Pacific Century Cyberworlds down $ 0.10CCT Telecom down $ 0.275New World CyberBase down $ 0.075Hanong Holdings down $ 0.25Gold prices:Hong Kong gold: HK$ 2,670London gold: US $ 2895. Earnings:Philips Electronics (last year): $ 2.4 billion ($ 300 million down)Royal Dutch Shell (4th quarter): $ 3.6 billionElectronic Data Systems (4th quarter): $ 0.70 per share ( $ 0.02 up)Tapescripts:1. The dollar is trading at one German mark seventy-three point three and at 126.9 Japanese yen. The pound buys one dollar sixty-two point four. In New York, the Dow Share Index closed 45 higher at 6,783. EarlierLondon's 100 Share Index ended 20 higher at 4,390. In Tokyo, the Nikkei Share Index is closed for a holiday.2. The Dow Jones Industrial Average closed up 96 points at 10,116. The Standard and Poor's 500 Index gained 6 points to close at 1,254. But the NASDAQ Index lost 1.5% as high technology and Internet stocks were battered.3. Right now the Dow is down another 66 points at 8,094; the NASDAQ Composite down 3 points at 1,662. Turning to Europe's major markets: London stocks were hit by a wave of profit taking after five straight record closes; the FT 100 Index down 36 points; Paris seeing losses as well, the CAC quarante down 33 points or 1%; and Frankfurt's DAX also fell 1% after briefly moving into record territory.4. The Hang Seng Index closed down 89 points at 3,521. The turnover was 7.71 billion dollars. Now look at the ten most active stocks. Cable and Wireless HKT up 45 cents, HSBC holdings down 50 cents, Hutchison down 50 cents, Shanglongkai Property up $2.25, and China Telecom down $1.50, Chang Kong up 25 cents, Pacific Century Cyberworlds down 10 cents, CCT Telecom down 27.5 cents, New World Cyberspace down 7.5 cents, and Hanong Holdings down 25 cents. The Hang Seng Index future for November and December were all down. Hong Kong gold closed at 2,670 Hong Kong dollars, and London gold is trading at 289 U.S. dollars.5. Consumer electronics maker Philips Electronics reported a lower than expected profit for last year. The company made about $2.4 billion, more than $300 million below estimates. Oil company Royal Dutch Shell posted its earnings. It made roughly a $3.6 billion profit for its fourth quarter. That was essentially in line with Street expectations. Electronic Data Systems also reported its fourth quarter numbers last night. It posted a 70-cent profit per share, two cents better than expectations. Part III Voice mail may cost company’s businessAJud Jessup (TakeCare HMO): …personalized service…”high service”…getting a recording…efficient…cost effective……individual problems….Stanley Plogue (Plogue Research): …a fourth…let out…voice mail system…given up…Sandy hale (Pacific Bell):… bottom line…costs…more efficient…customer service operations…a valuable tool.B1. T2. T3. F4. F5. T6. F7. F8. T9. T10. T C3. Five years ago, people were wary of voice-mail.4. TakeCare used a funny voice-mail message in its advertisements.6. Voice-mail decreases contact between customers and companies.7. The problem is not the technology, but the voice-mail menus.Part IV Business jargonA…language shorthand….…overuse business jargon…a negative effect……a low opinion…management jargon…a third…a lack of confidence…one in five …untrustworthy…cover something up.…an effective boss…can easily understand…management jargon.B1. T2. T3. F4. F5. FCblue-sky thinking: imagine new or different ways of doing thingsget our ducks in a row: have everything arranged efficientlybrain dump: tell everything you know about a particular subjectthink outside the box: be creative in how you think about problemsthe helicopter view: an overviewa heads up: a warningthat’s a real no-brainer: that’s simpleUnit 4 World News: Up in SpacePart I Warming upA1. To Mars / March of next year.2. Because of a mechanical problem.3. 5 males and 2 females.4. NASA / At the end of September, 83 days after landing.5. To return home at the Kennedy Space Center after completing repairs on the Hubble Telescope.BMir Facts15 yearsthe Soviet Union, now Russia$ 4.2 billion (for building and maintaining)10 years (1986 — 1996)135 tons9,900 cubic feet63 feet wide and 85 feet long104 cosmonauts, astronauts46438 days747 days, threeMar. 23rd,Unit 5 New Explorations in Food and MedicineA1a successful brain tissue transplant carried out by a South African surgeon.The discovery of a new way to increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy.The possibility of a new way to treat glaucoma.a new research on writing which shows that writing can result in clinically meaningful outcomes.a new research on writing which shows that writing can help people with chronic illness improve their health.the theory and function of acupuncture.A2a week ago / Parkinson’s disease.a natural defense mechanismthe death of brain cellsmeeting patients’ psychological needs produces physical health benefits. side effects / cut back on medication.The world’s leading transplant surgeon, Dr Christopher Bernard, has carried out one of the most difficult brain tissue transplants yet attempted. The South African surgeon has succeeded in transplanting tissues into the human brain in what is thought to be the first operation of its kind. The surgery was performed a week ago on a patient sufferingfrom Parkinson’s disease. A portion of the patient’s adrenal gland was implanted into a part of the patient’s brain, an operation which has previously been performed only on rats and monkeys. Approximately a third of all people develop cancer at one point in their lives. Chemotherapy has its limitations, but it is one of the major treatment options. Some American scientists have discovered they can increase the effectiveness of chemotherapy by inhibiting a natural defense mechanism employed by cancer cells.Glaucoma is responsible for blindness in an estimated 67 million people around the world. Until now, treatments have focused exclusively on the eyes. But that may change in the next few year, following the discovery that glaucoma involves the death of brain cells.New research shows that the simple act of writing down thoughts about a stressful event can help people with chronic illnesses improve their health. This is the first study to show that writing can result in clinically meaningful outcomes for chronically-ill patients. The study adds to the growing amount of scientific literature suggesting that meeting patient’s psychological needs produces physical health benefits.Traditional Chinese medicine says that good health is associated with the balance of Qi. Qi can be hindered or helped by yang and yin. According to traditional theory, the goal of acupuncture is to promote the flow of qi by keeping yin and yang in balance ---- and this is done byinserting needles at various points along primary channels and meridians that crisscross the body. One of the key benefits of acupuncture is that it has few, if any, side-effects; and that when used with standard drug treatment --- in anesthesia, for example --- it allows physicians to cut back on medication, delivering the same level of benefit with fewer negative effects/Bgene / instructions / characteristic / DNA / inserts / another / organism / genetically modified organism / genetic engineeringartificial fertilizers / pest control / food / farming / artificial fertilizers / halfGenetic material / unrelated / another species / animal /plant / going acrossanimals / cows, goats and pigs / genetically changed / pharmaceutical drugs / farmingNovel / 1797-1851/ scientist / subhuman / destroying / creation that ends up destroying the creator.Unit 6Part I Warming upA1.1. This news item is about a kind of new bulletproof vest made of silk.2. This news item is about research done by American and Japanese researchers to predict severe weather in and around the Indian Ocean.3. This news item is about a chess match between a world champion and the rest of the world on the Internet.4. This news item is about the significance of the discovery of the structure of DNA.5. This news item is about NEC's new robot that talks and understands orders.A21. While silk threads may be soft, they can be used to produce a stronger yarn than copper threads.2. American and Japanese researchers have discovered a strong connection between extreme weather and conditions in the ocean.3. Visitors to the site have 24 hours to vote on their counter move helped by a team of young chess experts who will suggest strategies.4. Understanding its code has helped to unlock the mechanics of inherited disease, as well as beneficial biological traits such as intelligence and body strength.5. The robot from NEC can record and send video mail through the Internet and switch on TVs, VCRs and air conditioners.Tapescript.1. Thai silk is known for its beauty and elegance. But a research team has found a new use for it. A bulletproof vest made of silk was put to the test at a shooting range in Thailand. After several rounds of gunfire, the vest was examined. The bullets were stuck in the first layer of fifteen pieces of silk. A member of the research team says while silk threads may be soft, they can be used to produce a stronger yarn than copper threads, the material used in regular bulletproof vests.2. American and Japanese researchers say they are a step closer to predicting severe weather in and around the Indian Ocean. Researchers have analyzed weather data from the region over the past 40 years and they've discovered a strong connection between extreme weather and conditions in the ocean. A BBC science correspondent says the findings could make it easier to predict droughts or, indeed, periods of heavy rainfall.3. The world chess champion Garry Kasparov began a match against the rest of the world on the Internet. Kasparov made his first move with a meter-high pawn before an audience of chess fans at a park in New York. The move was immediately posted on a special website set up by the Microsoft corporation. Visitors to the site have 24 hours to vote on their counter move helped by a team of young chess experts who will suggest strategies.4. Few scientific advances of this or any millennium can rival insignificance the discovery of the structure of DNA, the basic molecule of life. Knowledge of the structure of DNA helps explains many things, including genetic mutation and , through it, evolution. Understanding its code has helped to unlock the mechanics of inherited disease, as well as beneficial biological traits such as intelligence and body strength. The discovery of the DNA molecule also paved the way for many of today’s cutting-edge sciences, including genetic engineering, a controversial branch of knowledge that raises new ethical and moral questions that are certain to be with us far into the next millennium.5. Some say it's hard to find good help these days, but a Japanese electronics firm thinks it's found the answer. It's a robot that talks and understands orders. The robot from NEC can record and send video mail through the Internet and switch on TVs and VCRs. And if it's becoming a bit warm for you, one simple command and the robot will switch on the air conditioner.B.2. lightning patronizingX rays EnthusiasticLaser BoredYeast Friendly / intimateFriction Loudly but neutralRecycling PatientlyTapescript:1 .... Yes, you see, it's the force of attraction between any two objects. The strength of the force depends on the mass of the objects and the distance between them. Er... the most obvious effect is the way objects on the surface of the earth are attracted towards the center of the earth...2 .... as it comes down it goes relatively slowly 100 to 1,000 miles per hour and you can't see it, but the return stroke goes up from the earth to the cloud and it goes at over 87,000 miles per hour and that's the one you can see, you see, the one that goes back up. It's really just a very large, powerful spark. The distance in miles you are away from it is the time in seconds between it and the sound you hear...3 .... Well, they were first discovered in 1895 and they can penetrate matter that is opaque to light. Some matter is more transparent to them than others, which means you can see inside somebody. They are actually quite dangerous and people who work with them wear special protective clothing...4 .... ordinary light consists of electromagnetic waves of different frequencies and phase(s). This is a bundle of waves of the same frequency and phase. You can create the beams from a ruby rod or a tube of carbon dioxide that's stimulated with flashes of ordinary light. The word is an acronym for light amplification by the stimulatedemission of radiation. Now, does anybody ...5 .... they're all types of fungus. There are many different kinds of them but the best known are the ones used in cooking and brewing. When they're mixed with sugar they cause the sugar to ferment and two things happen: first carbon dioxide is given off and second alcohol is formed, but when the proportion reaches 12%, it's all killed off naturally...6 .... in contact with each other, there's a resistance to movement between them. The main reason why we use ball bearings and lubricating oil is to counteract this; the main reason why rubber is used in tires and shoes is to increase the effect of it ...7 .... No, it's the process whereby materials are used again. Normally, it is cheaper to do this because it's more energy-efficient. On the other hand, one material that's hard to deal with in this way is plastic -- there are so many types that it's very difficult to separate ...Part IIA:identify, catalog, map and analyze / 100,000A: a piece of DNA, the basic molecule of lifeB: on chromosomes / in every cell / alternately colored rungsC: produce chemical instructions / build & run the human body.III: SignificanceA: cure or preventB: desirable genetic traitsC: the brain, consciousness and the mindD: a scientific descriptionIV Controversiesabuse2. warfare听力原文：The goal of the human genome project initiated in the early 1990s is to identify, catalog, map and analyze every one of the estimated 100,000 genes in the human body. If the multi-billion-dollar project is successful, its effects may be as fundamental to the human future as the discovery of fire and seed agriculture once were.To understand the significance of the human genome project, it is necessary to know that each gene is a piece of DNA, the basic molecule of life. Genes are located on chromosomes that in turn reside in every cell in arrangements similar to the alternately colored rungs on a ladder. The sequence of genetic rungs produces the chemical instructions the cells need in order to build and run the human body. By identifying the location and makeup of each gene, the genome project should help scientists cure orUnit 7 Communications (I)Part I Warming upA.Tapescript:1. And British papers report the latest trend when you meet someone ina bar is to get their number, go home, and google them. Yes that gorgeous girl or guy you met the other night is probably patrolling a search engine right now to check you out. So don't even think of trying to tell them you're a famous footballer or brain surgeon or television presenter.2. The jamming, earlier this month, of several popular Internet sites witha flood of crippling messages sent a wakeup call to those involved with electronic or e-commerce. One recent suggestion is to form an industry-wide group to share information about security issues. High-tech executives want to make a coordinated effort to ensure that the Internet becomes a safe place to conduct business.3. Now home to some 800 million pages--a figure that's doubling each year- searching the Internet can be like looking for a needle in a haystack. But Oslo-based Fast Search& Transfer (FAST) has developed a search engine (www. alltheweb, com) capable of scanning more than 200 million pages. FAST is working on a mega-search engine that searches "all the web, all the time."4. This week, the Intel corporation held its semi-annual Developer Forumin Palm Springs, California. The gathering draws more than 2,000 hardware and software developers from around the world. Intel executives opened the event with a demonstration of a high-speed chip, code-named "Williamette." The chip, designed to power personal computers, has a speed of one point five gigahertz, making it almost twice as fast as Intel's popular Pentium III chip which runs at 800 megahertz.5. An online VCR seems like a bright idea but it's been quickly rendered non-functional by the copyright lawyers. Not for the first time, the Hollywood studios objected to re-transmitting network television shows, in this case for users to watch via the web. Programs were being made available for visitors to save remotely or record for subsequent viewing via Windows Media Player.Part II New Ways to communicateA1When a friend is online1.6milion3,000you can only contact someone (on the same network as you. ) using the same programLaugh out loud.A2online / popular / take off / signing up / by / make upobvious / disadvantage / bright / voice conversations / swap / funnyWhen you meet someone for the first time，do you ask their ASL? Do you LOL if they come out with something funny, and say CU L8er when you finish the conversation? If you know what I’m talking about, then you are probably already a user of instant messaging, or IM.The idea behind IM is simple. A program on your computer tells you when a friend is online. You can then send a message to your friend, who can type a reply instantly. To do this, you need an IM program. Worldwide, AIM, the instant messaging service provided by AOL, is by far the most popular. It has 195 million users who send about 1.6 billion messages every day. ICQ, which is owned by AOL, has about 140 million messengers, and MSN and Windows IM make up about 75 million users. The advantage over e-mail is that with instant messaging you know you’re likely to get a reply. IM is already hugely popular in the USA, where people spend five times more time online than in Europe. However, IM is starting to take off in the UK, with over 3,000 people signing up to MSN Messenger alone every day.While the plus points of IM are obvious, there is one very important disadvantage: you can only contact someone on the same network asyou. If your friend is using AIM, and you are using MSN, you cannot talk to each other. This makes IM less useful than it should be. Imagine if you couldn’t send an e-mail form hotmail to yahoo. However, things look like they’ll change soon.In general, the future looks bright for IM. Lots of programs also allow you to have voice conversations, video conferencing ---- this means you can see the other person using a webcam ---- and also let you swap pictures, music and other files.So, perhaps we’ll all soon be asking someone’s age, sex and location (ASL), and laughing out loud (LOL) when they say something funny. See you later (CU L8er).B:1. FFTTFHow do you meet new people, make new friends, or find out about the latest bands? Here in the UK young people have traditionally done their socializing in bars, pubs and clubs.However there is a new generation growing up that finds it easier to manage their social lives on the net, using free websites like MySpace, Bebo or MSN Spaces.Welcome to the social networking website ---- a place where you can present yourself to the digital community and meet other like-mindedpeople.The most successful social networking website in the UK is . as of July 2006, MySpace is the world’s fourth most popular English-language website, attracting almost 3 million visitors per month. Myspace claims to have 95 million members with 500,000 new members joining the community each week.So how has it become to successful? Perhaps its secret is in its simplicity. Each new member can build their own page simply --- uploading photos, videos and MP3 files. Then they describe themselves, listing their likes, dislikes, favorite bands, relationship status, etc. it’s an easy way to hook up with people who share your interest.Briana Dougherty, a 25-year-old MySpace devotee, told us, “It’s a casual way to stay in contact without appearing weird. ” it seems that many people do not feel comfortable giving out their phone number or personal e-mail address to new acquaintances but are perfectly happy to trade MySpace profilesWhile socializing is the key to MySpace’s success, love of music is at the heart of the community. Indeed, most aspiring musicians in the UK upload their songs to the site, and with good reason: unsigned artists, Arctic Monkeys and Lilly Allen created such a buzz on the site that they were offered recording contracts and scored number one hits.Social network sites could be a great place to practice your English.Why not give it a try? You can tell us about your experience by filing in the new comments form at the top of the screen.Statements:Most young people in the UK make new friends at work.Yahoo and Google are social networking sites.MySpace is one of the top five English-language websites.New bands put their music on the web for people to listen to.Users of social networks usually pay for the service.Unit 8 ArchitecturePart I Warming upA.Tapescript:For hundreds of years, it has been an imperial capital of Europe. Its rulers raided the Western world to enrich the coffers of the empire. They spent their wealth on magnificent palaces and grand public buildings. They built an opera house that rivals any in Europe. They founded great museums and libraries. They constructed massive, ornate government buildings. And they raised opulent palaces for themselves. A tour of Vienna is a tour of these monuments to excess.Take Schonbrunn Palace, for instance. The Palace's Million Room, namedafter the cost of the decorations -- 1 million guilders, is a Rococo masterpiece. Inset in the paneling are 260 rare miniatures of Indo-Persian heritage. The frames are real gold leaf, and the paneling is precious wood.The Great Gallery, modeled after a room in Versailles near Paris, has 35-foot ceilings graced with giant frescoes（壁画）boasting of the power of the Austrian army. Massive crystal chandeliers reflect in the wall of mirrors, trimmed in gold leaf.The list of other sights to see in Vienna is long. St. Stephen's Cathedral dominates the skyline of Old Town, the medieval section of the city. Its main spire soars 450 feet into the sky, and the top can be reached by climbing 343 steps. The cathedral' was begun in the 12th century.In the catacombs（陵墓）beneath the cathedral are copperurns（骨灰坛）containing the intestines of deceased Habsburgs. Their bodies are in ornate caskets（棺材）in the Imperial Burial Vaults in the Kapuziner Church a few blocks away, and can be visited.The Old Town is a fascinating place to walk. Most of the narrow streets have been turned into pedestrian malls lined with shops, coffeehouses and restaurants. In one section, the original Roman ruins under the streets can be seen by going to an underground museum. The Natural History Museum and the Museum of Fine Arts occupy matching buildings on Maria Theresa Plaza, a small square across fromthe Hofburg. Hofburg is the Habsburg’s in-town palace. It is big, with 2,600 rooms, but not ornate. Hofburg is a jumble of buildings constructed at different times and in different styles, from Baroque, Gothic and Classical to Renaissance and Rococo. Its oldest parts date from the 13th century, but most were built from the 1700s on.B1.The Palais du Louvre:Location: heart of ParisBeginning year of construction: 1527Time when first used as a public art gallery: 1793The Louvre Pyramid:Designer: Ieoh Ming PeiUse: the main entrance to the Palais du LouvreHeight: 21mWidth: 33mMaterials: steel tubes, cables, sheet glassYear of completion: 1988Tapescript:The Palais du Louvre stands at the heart of Paris, and houses one of the world's greatest collections of works of art. The original palace dates。
大学英语全新版第三册第八单元答案
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BOOK 3 - Unit 8 - Language Focus - Vocabulary
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《step,by,step,3000》,第二册,unit,8,原文及答案
《step,by,step,3000》,第二册,unit,8,原文及答案Unit 8 Everybody Can Help the EnvironmentPart 1A 1. Greenpeace is an independent global campaigning organization that acts to change attitudes and behavior, to protect and conserve the environment and to promote peace. 2. WWF World Wildlife Foundation was born into the world in 1961. Its ultimate goal is to build a future where people live in harmony with nature. 3. SOS is the ongoing messaging campaign and larger movement behind Live Earth. The message of SOS is that everyone, everywhere can must Answer the Call to solve the climate crisis. 4. Green School Project is an organization that helps schools across the US with their budgets in order to reduce the amount of waste that goes to the landfill. 5. On December 10, 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and Al Gore Jr. were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for “their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change.” 6. Friends of the Earth International is the world’s largest grassroots environmental network, uniting 70 national member groups and some 5,000 local activist groups on every continent. It campaigns on today’s most urgent environmentaland social issues. 7. EEB European Environmental Bureau is a non-governmental organization with 143 member organizations in 31 countries. Its specific mission is to promote environmental policies and sustainable policies on the European Union level. 8. The Surfrider Foundation is a non-profit grassroots organization dedicated to the protection and enjoyment of the world’s oceans, waves and beaches. Founded in 1984 in California, it now maintains over 50,000 members worldwide. 9. USGBC The U.S. Green Building Council is a non-profit organization mitted to transforming the way buildings and munities are designed, built and operated, enabling and environmentally and socially responsible, healthy, and prosperous environment that improves the quality of life. 10. Founded in 1977, the Alliance to Save Energy is a non-profit organization that supports energy efficiency and advocates energy-efficiency policies that minimize costs to society and individual consumers, and that lessen greenhouse gas emissions and their impact on the global climate. 11. The Earth Organization is a grassroots international non-profit, conservation and environmental organization, with new solutions, mitted to the creative, responsible rehabilitation of Planet Earth and the plant and animal kingdoms. 12. TWP Trees, Water amp; People is a nonprofit organization founded in 1998, helping munities protect, conserve, and manage the natural resources upon which their long-term well-being depends. 13. American Forests is America’s oldest nonprofit citizens’conservation organization founded in 1875. It works to protect, restore and enhance the natural capital of trees and forests. Healthy forests filter water, remove air pollution, sequester carbon, and provide homes for wildlife. 14. GAA The Global Amphibian Assessment is the first-ever prehensive assessment of the cons ervation status of the world’s 5,918 known species of frogs, toads, salamanders, andcaecilians. Almost 600 scientists from 60 countries have now contributed to the project. 15. ASES The American Solar Energy Society, founded in 1954, is a non-profit organization dedicated to increasing the use of solar energy, energy efficiency, and other sustainable technologies in the U.S.B1. Buy fresh food that doesn’t need a lot of packaging.2. Try to buy “organic” fruit and vegetables from farmers who don‘t use chemicals.3. Save as much water as possible.4. Use products that won’t stay forever in the earth or sea when you throw then away.5. Use bottles more than once or take them to a bottle bank.6. Try to save paper. Also, buy and use recycled paper as often as possible.7. Avoid “throw-away” products.8. Make sure that your family and friends use unleaded petrol in their cars.9. Don’t buy products (fur or ivory, for example) make from rare or protected species. 10. Use public transportation as often as possible. 11.If you’re buying wood, don’t choose hardwood form tropicalrainforests. 12. Look for aerosols which haven’t got any CFCs in them. 13. Don’t buy hamburgers or pizzas in plastic boxes which contain CFCs. 14. Use batteries as little as possible. It takes 50 times more energy to make them than they produce. 15. Don’t leave on electric lights, TV, hi-fi, etc., if you’re not using them. 16. Find out more about conservation issues in your area. Are there any woods or fields in danger, for example? 17. Try to throw away at least 25% less rubbish. 18. Help old people in your area to insulate their homes. This saves energy and helps to keep them warm in winter. 19. Visit any local nature reserves or zoos and talk to the people who run them.Part Ⅱ Campaign California Re-Leaf as in L-E-A-F was kicked off recently with a party in San Francisco’s Washington Square Park thrown by a coalition of seven urban forestry groups. The focus of the party was the planting of a single tree, the first of 20 million to be planted in 40 Californian cities over the next decade. The tree planting campaign is an attempt to deflate what’s been called the Greenhouse Effect. Scientists believe that the earth is getting warmer because of an accumulation of carbon dioxide in the air. Trees take carbon dioxide out of the air. Martin Rosen is the director of the Trust for Public Land, the organization that is coordination the stat-wide tree plating effort. “Time is not neutral. We are so rapidly depleting the atmosphere, we are so rapidly changing the climate, that unless we start now the situation may well e irreversible.”Some movie stars were on hand for the tree planting ceremony. Actor Peter Cyote served as the master of ceremonies. “Unless the environmental movement es into everybody’s life, in real simple activities, it’s not going to work. Planting a tree is real simple. So I wanted to participate in something that was really accessible to the citizen, just to everyday people, tochildren. So that as citizens we can do a lot.” After Peter Cyote introduced a few speakers and a couple of songs were sung, the ceremony moved over to a corner of the park where a group of youngsters planted a Copper Beech tree. Isobel Wade is the state coordinator for Campaign California Re-Leaf. Wade says the tree plantings are important because they will help clean up the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, improve the environment and make neighborhoods more attractive, but Isobel Wade cautions it isn’t enough. “It’s one step in a binat ion of things. The other kinds of things that we can all be doing are being much more conscious about how we use energy in our home, whether we’re buying—ah—fuel efficient cars and products, whether we’re using Styrofoam when we don’t have to be, __ah—whet her we’re turning off light bulbs when we—ah—leave the room—um—and just a variety of personal actions like recycling that we need to start thinking about and doing more.” Isobel Wade also says she’d love to see everyone in California’s urban arrears take t he time to plant one tree and take care of the ones that are already growing.Key B 1. planting single tree 2. deflate Greenhouse Effect/ take CO2 3. real simple activities/ accessible to people/ citizens/ do a lot 4. clean up CO2/ improve environment/ neighborhoods attractive 5. a variety of personal actionsPart Ⅲ When you go to the supermarket, can you resist using plastic bags? For lot of us, probably won’t. What you eat out? Can you guarantee not to use any plastic tableware? And how about if someone asks you; can you mend a replacement for plastic products? Don’t say paper! Here is a new solution; biodegradable plastic! As everyone knows, plastic is a big environmental headache although it brings us much convenience. Like plastic bags, plastic food containers, and plastic tableware. But it is perhaps the most harmful of all our garbage because it does not easily break down in nature. A researcher form the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ji Junhui says he and his colleagues have found a better solution. “When the PBS in the biodegradable plastic es in contact with microorganisms or enzymes, the plastic structure will degrade into smaller pieces, and finally it turns into water and carbon dioxide. This is how the break-down process works.” PBS is a ch emical ponent that is the key to this new biodegradable plastic. It can help the plastic degrade into non-polluting elements, so the broken-down plastic fragments can be absorbed by soil and water. PBS is not an entirely new product, however, this China-made biodegradable plastic is safer and more heat-resistant.According to Ji Jun-hui, testing has shown that 90% of this new biodegradable plastic can be degraded within 90 days. And it even takes a shorter period of time if it is buried in a dump rather than exposed to the air. Usually, biodegradable plastic food containers made in other countries will melt when the temperature reaches 60 degree Celsius, while the Chinese product can retain its shape in up to 100 degrees.However, Ji Junhui says his-tech products often e at a higher price. “PBS product is a bit more expensive than ordinary plastic. Taking a plastic bowl as an example, the PBS bowl can be 20% more expensive than the current plastic bowl we use.” Some hotels and restaurants in Shanghai have already started using the new PBS biodegradable plastic food containers, and the product will be popularized in Beijing as well as in other big cities. It will play a role in the 2008 Olympic Games. Besides in the production of plastic food containers and tableware for the Games, PBS biodegradable plastic will also be used to make road signs, team cheering equipment like horns and mini flags, as well as trash bags, umbrellas and eyeglass frames. Probably in the near future, we will really be able to say “farewell” to plastic pollution.Key:Outline 1. headache not easily bread down\ 2. PBS A: contact/ microorganisms/ enzymes.。
Step by Step 3 Unit 8
Unit 8 Communications (Ⅱ)Part ⅠWarming upA.key words:cellular phone便携式电话Vocabulary:lumberyardAn establishment that sells lumber and other building materials from a yard贮木场：从一个场地出售木料和其他建筑材料的机构或建筑two-by-fourSlang Small in size; boxed in or cramped 【俚语】尺寸很小的；盒式的或没有足够的空间的：off-the-shelfAvailable from merchandise in stock; not custom-made现货供应：在存货商品中能得到的；非定制的bargain-basementA basement floor or floors in a department store where goods and apparel are sold at reduced or discounted prices廉价商品部：货物和衣服减价或折价出售的百货商店的地下室或某层楼transportableadj. 可运输的n.便携式电视机(或计算机)adapter适配器One that adapts, such as a device used to effect operative compatibility between different parts of one or more pieces of apparatus适应物，转接器，接合器：适应物，如用于在一件或多件仪器的不同部件之间实现有效兼容性的装置Phil DePalma’s Cellular Mobile CommunicationsCellular One1. It is difficult to find a place to buy a cellular phone today in the U.S.(F)2. Phil DePalma doesn’t sell TV sets.(T)3. Phil’s sale price for the cellular phone is about 30 dollars.(T)4. Phil usually sells cellular phones for about 50 dollars.(F)5. If you buy the phone now at Phil DePalma’s, you’ll also get a free cigarette lighter adapter.(T)6. The telephone number for Phil DePalma is 1-800-695-4500.(F)B. key words:video telephone可视电话voice-dial tagrealtimetransactions①The act of transacting or the fact of being transacted办理业务：做的行为或已被执行的事实②Something transacted, especially a business agreement or exchange交易：已被执行，交易的某物，尤指一商业协定或交换integrate①To make into a whole by bringing all parts together; unify使成一体：把所有部分放在一起而成一整体；使结合②To join with something else; unite合并；联合communicator发报器An electronic device enabling individuals with physical disabilities to communicate through LED displays, printed or electronic messages, or synthetic speech.发报器：电子仪器，能使有身体障碍的个人透过发光二极管显示器、印刷的或电子的讯息、或综合的谈话来沟通Vocabulary:high-resolutionpixelThe smallest image-forming unit of a video display像素：电视图像成像的最小单位kilobit千比特A unit of information equal to 1,024 (210) bits千比特，千位：等于1,024位(210)的信息单位keypadAn input device, sometimes part of a standard typewriter keyboard, consisting of a separate grid of numerical and function keys arranged for efficient data entry袖珍键盘：一种输入设备，有时是指标准打字机键盘的一部分，包括一个单独的用于有效数据输入的数字和功能键网格prompt提示符Computer Science A symbol that appears on a monitor to indicate that the computer is ready to receive input【计算机科学】提示符：在显视器上显示出的表示计算机已准备好接受输入的符号opt-in决定参加,决定采用opt-outdashboard仪表板A panel under the windshield of a vehicle, containing indicator dials, compartments, and sometimes control instruments.仪表板：车辆挡风玻璃下的板，包含指示转盘、分隔间，有时也含控制装置tracking ball跟踪球Internet Answering Machine (IAM)网络自动应答录音电话机Personal Query Assistant个人查询助手Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)个人数字助手Siemens’ video telephone:Siemens’ cordless video telephone, which includes a tiny camera and a high-resolution pixel color display, can transmit at around 64 kilobits.Callwave’s IAM:Callwave’s Internet Answering Machineis a kind of free software that will answer calls even when the user is on the Internet using the same telephone line.Philips Genie:The Philips Genie is a lightweight mobile phone that can be operated by uttering a single word.Ericsson’s iPulse:Ericsson’s iPulse is a software solution that promises realtime messaging with family, friends and colleagues over any type of mobile communications device.Palm Computing’s Palm Ⅶ:Palm Ⅶenables you to handle transactions like booking cinema tickets ormaking online stock trades.Motorola’s iRadio:Motorola’s iRadio is a device that can integrate music and personalized Internet services on a dashboard device.Nokia’s 9110:Nokia’s 9110 Communicator is a combination of phone and personal digital assistant.Nokia’s 7110:Nokia’s 7110 mobile phone has a larger screen and is operated by a tracking ball in addition to a keyboard.Tapescript:1. Siemens is developing a cordless video telephone that includes a tiny camera and a high-resolution pixel color display. It can transmit at around 64 kilobits --- more than six times faster than current data transmission rates for mobile phones. Using an earpiece, callers hold the phones at arm’s length to maintain visual contact. Alternatively, the phone can be pointed at something else to allow the person on the other end to view it.2. Callwave, a start-up Internet telephone company based in Santa Barbara, California, has launched an Internet Answering Machine, free software that willanswer calls even when the user is on the Internet using the same telephone line. IAM, available at , takes massages and forwards them to the user, who can choose to listen instantly or save them for later.3. The Philip Genie, a lightweight mobile phone, can be operated by uttering a single word. When you type a name into the Genie’s keypad, the system asks whether you would like to assign a voice-dial tag to that name. Through “yes” or “no” prompts, the Genie compiles a list of up to 10 voice tags. The next time you want to call a person listed as one of these tags, just say that person’s name or a relevant code word.4. Ericsson’s iPulse software solution promises realtime messaging with family, friends and colleagues over any type of opt-in, opt-out system to protect privacy, users can see whether people who have agreed to be on a personal buddy list are currently online --- and where they are physically located. And as yet unnamed European phone company will be the first to launch the service in the next few weeks.5. American firm Palm Computing, part of 3Com, has released its Palm Ⅶ. Palm Computing has created a fast Internet messaging service for the Palm Ⅶbybuilding the Personal Query Assistant, a service allowing access to specially cut-down Internet sites which provide data such as flight schedules, sports scores,weather forecasts and news headlines. The device will be able to handle transactions like booking cinema tickets or making online stock trades.6. Motorola is working on a concept called the iRadio that will integrate music and personalized Internet services on a dash-board device. The iRadio could be programmed with the listening preferences of various family members, for example, so that it automatically finds the station that plays the desired music --- regardless of the car’s location. It could also alert the driver when the car is running low on fuel and then provide directions to the nearest gas station belonging to the driver’s preferred chain. The iRadio could also monitor selected stock prices and provide early warnings on the latest traffic jams, plusconvenient escape routes.7. New devices, such as Nokia’s 9110 Communicator, a combination of phone and Personal Digital Assistant, are almost ready on the market. But some customers feel the key-board and screen are too small and too complex for comfort. To get around these problems, Nokia’s 7110 mobile phone has a larger screen and is operated by a tracking ball in addition to a keyboard. The phone has a market among young people, who tend to send more text messages than they make mobile phone calls because text is less expensive.Part ⅡExperience with telephonesA. key words:amenity①Something that contributes to physical or material comfort舒适：使人身体或物质上感到舒适的事物②A feature that increases attractiveness or value, especially of a piece of real estate or a geographic location生活福利设施；便利设施：能够增加吸引力或价值的事物，特别是不动产或地理位置Vocabulary:PreteenBeing a child especially between the ages of 9 and 12; preadolescent青春期前的儿童：主要指9岁到12岁之间的儿童；接近青春期的儿童gizmoA mechanical device or part whose name is forgotten or unknown; a gadget机械装置，小物件：忘记了名字或不知道名称的机械装置或零件；新玩意儿hologramThe pattern produced on a photosensitive medium that has been exposed by holography and then photographically developed.全息图，综合衍射图：在感光材料上得到的图案，用全息照相术曝光，然后再用摄影术冲洗envisionTo picture in the mind; imagine想象：脑海中的图象；想象sleekSmooth and lustrous as if polished; glossy光滑的：象打磨过一样平滑而有光泽的；光滑OutlineⅠ. Estimated popularity of cellular phonesamong teenagersA. 5% of teenagers owning a cellular phoneB. 28% of parents with teenagers planning to buy a cell phone for their child within a yearⅡ. Different answers to the questions ofwhy this new teen accessory is neededA. Parents: an expansion of their protective eyeB. Teenagers: a gift of freedomⅢ. Impact of cellular phones on teenagerhabitsA. Spending more time on the phoneB. Being out of the house more oftenC. Staying in car when picking someone upⅣ. Price and calling plansA. Price: between $90 and $250B. Calling plans:1. Typical: $30 for 300 minutes2. Prepaid calling cards: $25, $50 or $753. Family calling plan: $50 a monthfor two lines of service and 200 minutes, and free calls between family membersTapescript:Cellular phones, once the toy of the rich business executive, are becoming a standard amenity for many teenagers and even preteens. The phones are marketed aggressively to a young audience, with gizmos such as alien holograms and toy kittens that hang off antennas and light up with each ring.Industry experts estimate that 5 percent of teenagers own a cellular phone, and one recent survey by a market research group found that 28 percent of parents with teenagers plan to buy a cell phone for their child within a year.But on the question of why this new teenaccessory is needed, the two generations are at opposite ends. Parents envision it as an expansion of their protective eye. Can’t locate the wandering teen? Just dial. Teenagers, on the other hand, see the cell phones as a gift of freedom, a device that instantly connects them to their friends, to every party an to the very latest piece of gossip.Many teenagers agreed that wearing cell phones has changed several of their habits. In addition to spending more time on the phone, they’re also out of the house more often. They find out from friends about last-minute get-togethers they otherwise would miss. Some said they no longer step out of their cars when picking someone up. Why bother ringing the doorbell when you can dial?Beepers became popular about a decade ago and raised some of the same issues between parents and their children. Butteenagers find the cell phones much more convenient. They’re also becoming particular about what kind of phone they have. Small and sleek is preferred, and the phone with a keypad that flips open is very cool.Most parents said these side effects are a price they’re willing to pay.Most cellular phones cost between $90 and $250, and the typical calling plan is $30 for 300 minutes. To tap into the teenager market, companies are selling prepaid calling cards for $25, $50 or $75. Most companies also have introduced family calling plans where teenagers and their parents pay about $50 a month for two lines of service and 200 minutes, and the calls between family members are free.Girls are getting the phones more than boys, mostly because parents tend to worry more about their daughters’ safety. But the trend is spreading to boys as well.B. key words:Vocabulary:Miracle Flakes for KidsCall BlockCall TraceAnonymous Call RejectionIdenta Ring Service1. What is the most annoying thing according to Mr. Rooney?People always call to make a sale when he’s busy doing something else.2. What is his suggestion to deal with the sales calls?Every time someone calls to sell something, the telephone company will automatically break in with its own announcement: “Mr. Rooney has a one-dollar charge for a sales call. If you wish to accept this charge, press star. If you don’t wish to pay, please hang up.”Tapescript:I make my living being annoyed by things, so I suppose I ought to thank those people who call to make a sale when I’m busy doing something else because nothing is more annoying. You know what I mean.“Yeah, OK. Hello!”“Hello, Mr. Rooney.”“What?”“This is a courtesy call. I’m not going to sell you anything.”“I was trying to call you today on behalfof Miracle Flakes for Kids, good day to you!”“There’s absolutely no application fees or anything like that, so you start saving money the first day.”“And no, I’m not trying to sell you any vocations.”The other day I had an idea that might be a solution to this problem we all have. It’s been a huge change in the last few years in our whole telephone system. Telephones have changed, companies have changed, and they’re all competing with each other an offering all sorts of new services.Here’s a telephone company brochure. It lists all these things that a phone company can do for you. Call Block, Call Trace, Anonymous Call Rejection, Identa Ring Service. They can do anything. So here is my idea: The phone company can do all those things, why don’t they do this: they know who the companies are, that are in thebusiness of calling the whole world to sell us something, so every time one of them calls, to sell something, the telephone company will automatically break in with its own announcement: “Mr. Rooney has a one-dollar charge for a sales call. If you wish to accept this charge, press star. If you don’t wish to pay, please hang up.”Part ⅢThe future of the phonekey words:multi-functional多功能的Vocabulary:convergeTo tend toward or approach an intersecting point会聚：趋向或靠拢于某一交叉点：slotA narrow opening; a groove or slit狭槽，缝：狭窄的开口；槽或狭长的裂缝：eg. a slot for coins in a vending machine; a mail slot自动售货机上的投币口；投信口intercomAn electronic intercommunication system, as between two rooms.内部通话系统：电子内部通信系统，如两个房间间的prismA transparent body of this form, often of glass and usually with triangular ends, usedfor separating white light passed through it into a spectrum or for reflecting beams of light棱镜：这种形状的透明体，多为玻璃制成，通常两端为三角形，用来分解穿过柱体的白光，使光束发生色散或用来反射光线Subscriber Identification Module (SIM)用户识别模块Deutsche Bank德国银行OutlineⅠ. The new era of personal communications--- a multi-functional communicator Main feature: capable of transmitting and receiving sound, video, images, data and textⅡ. The functions of phones in the futureA. TalkingB. Sending and receiving emailC. Taking part in video conferences anytime, anywhereD. Absorbing many of the key functions of the desktop computerE. New personalized services1. Trading stocks2. Gambling3. Shopping4. Buying theater and airline ticketsⅢ. Telecommunications revolutionA. developing mobile banking servicesB. Receiving all forms of electronic communication through a single deviceC. Receiving incoming TV images and other messages while on the moveD. Mobile videophones overtaking TV as the major source of visual informationTapescript:The mobile phone is set to become one of the central technologies of the 21st century. Within a few years, the mobile phone will evolve into a multi-functional communicator capable of transmitting and receiving not only sound, but also video, still images, data and text. A whole new era of personal communications is on the way.Thanks in part to the growth of wirelessnetworks, the telephone is converging with the personal computer and the television. Soon lightweight phones outfitted with high-resolution screens will be connected to satellites enabling people to talk, send and receive email, or take part in video conferences anytime, anywhere. These phones might also absorb many of the key functions of the desktop computer. Mobile devices are expected to be ideal for some of the new personalized services that are becoming available via the Internet, such as trading stocks, gambling, shopping and buying theater and airline tickets.The telecommunications revolution is already taking shape around the globe. In Europe, mobile phones are already being used for electronic commerce. Most phones contain a Subscriber Identification Module card to identify a user to the phone network. But the card could also facilitate limited financial transactions. Deutsche Bank andNokia, for example, are working together to develop mobile banking services. Some manufacturers plan to upgrade the SIM card to an all-in-one personal identification credit card.Another approach is to add a slot to mobile phones for a second smart card designed for mobile e-commerce. These cards could be used to make payments over the Internet or to pay for things like public transportation, movie tickets or drinks at a bar.It will soon be possible to receive almost all forms of electronic communication through a single device, most likely in a three-in-one phone that serves as a cordless at home, a cell phone on the road and an intercom at work. “The mobile phone will become increasingly multi-functional,” says Brughardt Scha-llenberger, vice president for technology and innovation at Siemens Information and Consumer Products inMunich. “Fingerprint technology and advanced speech recognition will ensure that only one or two authorized users will be able to operate it.”Images will be just as important as sound to the future of mobile communications. At British Tele-com’s research laboratories near Ipswich, England, engineers are evaluating how a tiny screen fitted to the side-frame of a pair of ordinary glasses can be linked to the human eye. The micro-PC is carried in a shoulder bag and connected to a tiny screen in the glass frame. The PC accepts incoming data in standard TV format via an aerial and converts it into PC format images. The image on the screen is reflected onto the human eye via a prism fitted onto the lens.A person wearing such glasses could be on the move while staying tuned in to incoming TV images, websites, video conferencing links or email messages.Some even suggest that mobile videophones could overtake television as the major source of visual information, giving the phrase “something to phone home about” a whole new meaning.。
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The list of other sights to see in Vienna is long. St. Stephen's Cathedral dominates the skyline of Old Town, the medieval section of the city. Its main spire soars 450 feet into the sky, and the top can be reached by climbing 343 steps. The cathedral' was begun in the 12th century.
Take Schonbrunn Palace, for instance. The Palace's Million Room, named after the cost of the decorations -- 1 million guilders, is a Rococo masterpiece. Inset in the paneling are 260 rare miniatures of Indo-Persian heritage. The frames are real gold leaf, and the paneling is precious wood.
3. She thinks the right thing is to put something so contradictory to the Louvre. They stand in dialogue with each other and they don't try to complement each other.
In the catacombs（陵墓） beneath the cathedral are copper urns（骨灰坛） containing the intestines of deceased Habsburgs. Their bodies are in ornate caskets（棺材） in the Imperial Burial Vaults in the Kapuziner Church a few blocks away, and can be visited.
Tapescript:
The Palais du Louvre stands at the heart of Paris, and houses one of the world's greatest collections of works of art. The original palace dates from 1527, and it was extended and added to over the next four centuries. It was first used as a public art gallery in 1793. In 1981, the Chinese-American architect Ieoh Ming Pei was commissioned to redevelop the public part of the Louvre and create more space for reception areas and services. He designed the famous Glass Pyramid, which serves as the main entrance to the building, leading underground to the museum and art gallery. The Pyramid is 21 meters high and 33 meters wide, and uses a combination of steel tubes, cables and sheet glass. It was completed in 1988, and quickly became a major tourist attraction in its own right.
The Great Gallery, modeled after a room in Versailles near Paris, has 35-foot ceilings graced with giant frescoes（壁画） boasting of the power of the Austrian army. Massive crystal chandeliers reflect in the wall of mirrors, trimmed in gold leaf.
Designer: Ieoh Ming Pei
Use: the main entrance to the Palais du Louvre
Height: 21m
Width: 33m
Materials: steel tubes, cables, sheet glass
Year of completion: 1988
Unit 8 Architecture
Part I Warming up
Байду номын сангаасA.
Tapescript:
For hundreds of years, it has been an imperial capital of Europe. Its rulers raided the Western world to enrich the coffers of the empire. They spent their wealth on magnificent palaces and grand public buildings. They built an opera house that rivals any in Europe. They founded great museums and libraries. They constructed massive, ornate government buildings. And they raised opulent palaces for themselves. A tour of Vienna is a tour of these monuments to excess.
B1.
The Palais du Louvre:
Location: heart of Paris
Beginning year of construction: 1527
Time when first used as a public art gallery: 1793
The Louvre Pyramid:
B2
1. She likes the Louvre Pyramid because of the transparency, and it has a light effect.
2. She likes the Louvre Pyramid for its contrast of shapes. It emphasizes the beauty of the Louvre.
4. She thinks it would have been the biggest mistake to try to build something similar to the Louvre.
Tapescript:
I like the Louvre Pyramid because of its transparency, because you can just look through it, and it has a very light effect. It is not heavy and it is made of glass, and so it looks like a light object. And I like it for its contrast of shapes, because it is such a contrast to the Louvre building that in fact it doesn't interfere with the beauty of the Louvre, but it even, it emphasizes the beauty of the Louvre. And in the evening when this pyramid is lighted, it's just a source of light to put the Louvre into a new light. And this has for me also a symbolic meaning. And it is such an unexpected shape in this urban context, just to use a traditional shape of a pyramid built in new materials with new technologies, high-tech, and so on, that it is a completely surprising effect. So that people get shocked by it or they like it, but there is nobody who would be uninvolved or who could just pass and not notice this building. So it's something you have to look at. And I think this is also very important in building, and creating something in the cities, and exactly for example close to these historical buildings which are such a... they are so sensitive topics that nobody dares to touch them. I think the right thing is really to put something so contradictory to it that they stand in dialogue with each other and they don't even try to complement each other. Because it would have been the biggest mistake to try to build something similar to the Louvre, to put a building which would copy the Louvre, because it would just mean that we don't live in continuity, the architecture doesn't continue its history, but it would mean that architecture stands still on the level of the 17th century, and that would be a lie.