国际会计学第六版cha(1)
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Taxation
Must companies record revenues and expenses in their accounts to claim them for tax purposes?
Are financial accounting and taxation the same? Or are they different?
International Accounting, 6/e Frederick D.S. Choi Gary K. Meek
Chapter 2: Development and Classification
Choi/Meek, 6/e
1
Learning Objectives
Identify and understand the importance of the eight factors that have a significant influence on accounting development.
Accounting focuses on economic substance.
Accounting rules are established by private sector professional organizations.
Choi/Meek, 6/e
8
Development (contin)
Choi/Meek, 6/e
9
Biblioteka Baidu
Political and economic ties
Accounting ideas and technologies are transferred through conquest, commerce, and other forces.
Inflation
incorporated into national laws.
Choi/Meek, 6/e
7
Common law
Laws develop on a case-by-case basis.
Accounting develops from experience and judgment.
Accounting tends to be flexible, adaptive, and innovative.
Helps analyze whether these systems are converging or diverging.
Are a way of viewing the world.
Reveals what group members have in common, and
What distinguishes groups from each other
Helps understand a nation’s accounting. Explains the differences and similarities
in accounting around the world.
Choi/Meek, 6/e
4
Classification
Helps understand why and how national accounting systems differ.
Explain why distinctions of accounting at the national level are becoming blurred.
Choi/Meek, 6/e
3
Why Study Development and Classification?
Development
Understand the four approaches to accounting development found in marketoriented Western economies and identify countries in which each approach is prevalent.
Choi/Meek, 6/e
5
Development
Sources of finance – who, how many, how close? Equity markets
Profits measure how well managers have run the company.
Accounting is used to assess cash flows, risks, and to value the firm.
Extensive disclosures.
Banks
Conservative earnings for creditor protection. Less extensive disclosures.
Choi/Meek, 6/e
6
Development (contin)
Legal system
Code law
Laws are all-embracing. Accounting tends to be prescriptive and
procedural. Accounting focuses on legal form. Accounting standards and procedures are
Choi/Meek, 6/e
2
Have a basic working knowledge of accounting classifications and how they compare with one another.
Explain the difference between the “fair presentation” and “legal compliance” orientations of accounting and identify nations in which each is prevalent.
Inflation distorts historical cost measurements.
Must companies record revenues and expenses in their accounts to claim them for tax purposes?
Are financial accounting and taxation the same? Or are they different?
International Accounting, 6/e Frederick D.S. Choi Gary K. Meek
Chapter 2: Development and Classification
Choi/Meek, 6/e
1
Learning Objectives
Identify and understand the importance of the eight factors that have a significant influence on accounting development.
Accounting focuses on economic substance.
Accounting rules are established by private sector professional organizations.
Choi/Meek, 6/e
8
Development (contin)
Choi/Meek, 6/e
9
Biblioteka Baidu
Political and economic ties
Accounting ideas and technologies are transferred through conquest, commerce, and other forces.
Inflation
incorporated into national laws.
Choi/Meek, 6/e
7
Common law
Laws develop on a case-by-case basis.
Accounting develops from experience and judgment.
Accounting tends to be flexible, adaptive, and innovative.
Helps analyze whether these systems are converging or diverging.
Are a way of viewing the world.
Reveals what group members have in common, and
What distinguishes groups from each other
Helps understand a nation’s accounting. Explains the differences and similarities
in accounting around the world.
Choi/Meek, 6/e
4
Classification
Helps understand why and how national accounting systems differ.
Explain why distinctions of accounting at the national level are becoming blurred.
Choi/Meek, 6/e
3
Why Study Development and Classification?
Development
Understand the four approaches to accounting development found in marketoriented Western economies and identify countries in which each approach is prevalent.
Choi/Meek, 6/e
5
Development
Sources of finance – who, how many, how close? Equity markets
Profits measure how well managers have run the company.
Accounting is used to assess cash flows, risks, and to value the firm.
Extensive disclosures.
Banks
Conservative earnings for creditor protection. Less extensive disclosures.
Choi/Meek, 6/e
6
Development (contin)
Legal system
Code law
Laws are all-embracing. Accounting tends to be prescriptive and
procedural. Accounting focuses on legal form. Accounting standards and procedures are
Choi/Meek, 6/e
2
Have a basic working knowledge of accounting classifications and how they compare with one another.
Explain the difference between the “fair presentation” and “legal compliance” orientations of accounting and identify nations in which each is prevalent.
Inflation distorts historical cost measurements.