英语阅读理解微技巧--细节理解题之解题策略

自主学习
核对答案并思考干扰选项的典型特点？？？
正误并存；半对半错
The robot Buddy can guard the home when the residents are not home and contact a person’s phone if it detects an intruder or fire.Many of the robots have cameras that act as eyes. For those concerned about someone hacking into a robot to peep into a home, there are safeguards to look for when purchasing one.“When the camera is activated, we will show it on the screen and specific lights so you know that someone is using your camera,” Hasselvander said about Buddy.
定位词通常是哪些词？
1.人名、地名等专有名词；年份、数字等 数词及题干中的大写名词
2.指代具体事物或人物的名词 3. 词义鲜明的动词、形容词、副词等实词
题干和正确选项的典型特点？？？
替换关键词（同/近义词替换）
When I was growing up in America, I was ashamed of my mother’s Chinese English. Because of her English, she was often treated unfairly. People in department stores, at banks, and at restaurants did not take her seriously, did not give her good service, pretended not to understand her, or even acted as if they did not hear her.
间接辨认型:
获取信息 加工转换 得出正确释义
同义（反义）转换、 排序、图文转换、
数字转换、
That means it will take about 26 years to finish the project.
When will the castle probably be completed ? A. In 2018 B. In 2023 C. In 2030 D. In 2032
1.According to the passage, when ( where, why, who, what, which, how,etc.)___? 2.Which of the following statements is correct/true?（三误一正） 3.Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?（三正一误） 4.What do we know about...? 5 …..
What is bothering the author? A.His wife is fully occupied. B.His daughter is troublesome. C.He is failing to balance work and life. D.He can find nowhere to seek child-raising advise.
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纵词观义近猜测五题年高1 考，可以看2 出_细___节__1理__解___题__的1考查所占比1例一直维
持 行观在判点5断态0度和%题左认右定1 .的细题节。理解0题就是对文0章中的特定0细节或具体0 事实进
文章结构题 0
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组内核对课前练习答案并展示；
1.哪些题属于细节理解题？ 2. 细节理解题的设问方式是什么?
Which of the following was a cause of Nauru's financial problem? A. Its leaders misused the money B. It spent too much repairing the island C. Its phosphate mining cost much money D. It lost millions of dollars in the civil war.
测试学生对特定细节或 重要事实的辨认能力
细节理解
Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
类型一
类型二
直接辨认型 集中型
间接辨认型 分散型
细节理解题 类型划分1：
• 直接辨认型:
获取信息 记住信息 回忆并对号入座
如：Which buttons directly control the movement of the Rocket Ball?
1.关注起承转合的过渡词，如however，but，moreover， therefore，hence， thus，nevertheless等，要特别注意句 子前后意义的转折，递进，因果等关系。
2. 警惕语气绝对的词，如：must, never, the most, all, merely, only, have to, any, no, none， completely,absolutely 等，通常不是答案
正话反说
To be clear, becoming a parent is much,much harder for my wife. But Lacey does have one thing that I ‘ve struggled to find: a space to talk about balancing work with parenthood. Due in part to the physical, mental and emotional tolls of pregnancy and childbirth, moms often find community in those shared experiences.
词性或语态变化
Confucius ...assumed that all men were equal at birth, though some had more potential than others, and that it was knowledge that set men apart. Socrates focused on individual, and thought that the greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom. He believed ...
3. 关注试探性语气的词，如 probably, possibly, may, usually, might, more or less, relatively, be likely to, not necessary ,tend to， be liable to，往往是答案
了解题目设计常考位置 因果关系处 转折处 引言处 列举处 比较处
英语阅读微技能 ---细节理解题之解题策略
细节理解
阅读常见题型
观点态度
五年高考课标卷Ⅲ阅读理解题量统计
年份 题量 题型
2015 课标
全国 卷Ⅲ
细节理解题 11
2016 课标 全国 卷Ⅲ
8
2017课标 2018课标 全国卷Ⅲ 全国卷Ⅲ
2019 课标
全国 卷Ⅲ
9
7
10
主旨大意题 1
1
1
2
2
推理判断题 1
What made some people different from others
according to Confucius?
A. Family
B. Potential
C. Knowledge
D. Community
语言简化，长话短说
Unfortunately, the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars. In addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses. Soon people realized that they had a terrible problem — their phosphate was running out. Ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing. By 2000, Nauru was financially ruined. Experts say that it would take approximately $433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island. This will probably never happen.
集中型:
如： As is mentioned in the card, the limitation of the research paper mainly lies in that__________
分散型:
正确答案和干扰项对应的细节分散在文中多处
1. Which of the following is Not Mentioned/True? 2. We can learn from the passage that ___. 3. All the following statements may be true except___.
以偏概全；过于夸大
Food sometimes gets poisoned with harmful things. A person who eats such food can get an illness called food poisoning. Food poisoning is usually not serious, but some types are deadly. The symptoms of food poisoning usually begin within hours of eating the poisoned food. Fever is one of the most common symptoms.
题干和正确选项的典型特点
• 替换关键词：把文中关键词转化替换成 同/近义词，设置题干或正确选项。
• 词性或语态变化 : 把原文句中的词变换词 性或语态，以制造理解障碍。
• 语言简化, 长话短说：把原文中散杂语言 现象进行提炼总结，成为题干或正确答案。
• 正话反说：把原文中的意思反过来表达。
选项的其他注意事项
41. Why was the author's mother poorly served? A. She was unable to speak good English. B. She was often misunderstood. C. She was not clearly heard. D. She was not very polite.
Spot the differences
细节理解题 解题原则及步骤、方法：
• 原则：忠实于原文原句及全篇逻辑关系， 不能主观臆断
• 步骤和方法： Step1：题干中选定关键词 （定位词） Step2：通过略读、查读锁定文中定位区域 Step3: 结合信息区域上下文理解、比对 Step4: 排除干扰项，筛选得出答案
•What do we know about “Buddy”? A. 2018 will witness Buddy go into different families. B. Buddy is equipped with special eyes to protect itself. C. Buddy can safeguard the home and sound the fire alarm. D. Buddy has an advantage over conventional smart products.