交通分配帮助翻译
研究生英语上册第八单元英语与翻译对应
16 Let both sides, for the first time, formulate (v.制订) serious and precise (adj.精确的，一丝不苟的) proposals (n.建议书) for the inspection (n.视察，检查) and control of arms(n.武器)---and bring the absolute power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations.让双方首次为军备检查和军备控制制订认真而又明确的提案，把毁灭其他国家的绝对力量置于所有国家的绝对控制之下。
17 Let both sides seek to invoke (v.调用，利用) the wonders of science instead of its terrors. Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts (n.沙漠/v.放弃，遗弃), eradicate (v.根除，消灭) disease, tap the ocean depths (深海), and encourage the arts and commerce (n.贸易).让双方寻求利用科学的神奇力量，而不是激发科学的恐怖因素。
让我们一起探索星球，征服沙漠，根除疾患，开发深海，并鼓励艺术和商业的发展。
18 Let both sides unite to heed in all corners of the earth the command of Isaiah (n.以赛亚书(圣经旧约)；圣经男子名)---to “undo (v.取消；解开；破坏；撤销) the heavy burdens (n.负担；责任)… and to let the oppressed (adj.受压制的；受压迫的) go free (获得自由).让双方团结起来，在全世界各个角落倾听以赛亚的训令——“卸下沉重的负担，让被欺压者得到自由。
英语单词翻译
1.point and click (鼠标）点击2.integrated circuit 集成电路3.online transactions 网上交易puter monitor 电脑显示器5. projector 投影仪6. screen saver 电脑保护系统7. virtual currency 虚拟货币8. computerized system 计算机系统9. internet distance learning 网络远程教育10. anti-virus programs 杀毒软件11. bar code 条形码12. cordless telephone 无线电话13. cyberspace 网络空间14. desktop 桌面，台式机15. digital television 数字电视16. video camera 摄像机17. electronic hearing aid 电子助听器18. fiber optic technology 光纤技术19. firewall 防火墙20. genetic engineering 基因工程21. hacker 黑客22. intelligent system 智能系统23. it-industry 信息产业24. minicomputer 小型计算机25. multimedia learning system 多媒体学习系统26. palmtop 掌上电脑27. password 密码，口令28. software package 软件包29. solar collector 太阳能集热器30. terminal 终端文化教育词汇1. educational background 教育背景2. educational history 学历3. curriculum 课程4. major 主修5. minor 未成年的；次要的；较小的未成年人副修6. educational highlights 课程重点部分7. specialized courses 专业课8. social practice 社会实践9. part-time jobs 兼职10. extracurricular activities 课外活动11. recreational activities 娱乐活动12. academic activities 学术活动13. scholarship 奖学金14. excellent leader 优秀干部15. student council 学生会16. off-job training 脱产培训17. in-job training 在职培训18. faculty 学院，系19. president 校长20.dean 院长21. department chairman 系主任22. associate professor 副教授23. guest professor 客座教授24. lecturer 讲师25. teaching assistant 助教，教学助理26. research fellow 研究员27. supervisor 监督人，监管员28. talent fair 人才招聘会29. post doctorate 博士后30. undergraduate 本科31. senior 大学四年级学生，高三学生32.junior 大学三年级学生，高二学生33. sophomore 大学二年级学生，高中一年级34. freshman 大学一年级学生35. guest student 旁听生（英）36. auditor 旁听生（美）37. government-supported student 公费生38. day-student 走读生39. intern 实习生40. boarder 寄宿生41. grade-point average (gpa) （加权）平均成绩42. graduate-equivalency certificate 同等学力文凭43. adult-literacy program 成人读写能力课程44. higher education 高等教育45. out-of-class work 课外作业46. admission standard 入学标准47. semester 学期48. expand enrollment 扩大招生49. intellectual property 知识产权50. duck-stuffing 填鸭式51. linguistic and cultural diversity 语言及文化多样性52. bilingualism 双语53. cultural integrity 文化的完整性54.endangered languages 濒危语种55. native tongue 母语社会生活类词汇i. baby boom 婴儿潮2. questionnaire 问卷调查3. social change 社会变迁4. social interrelationship 社会关系5. social status 社会地位6. mass media 大众媒体7. commercial spheres 商业领域8. marital instability 婚姻关系不稳定9. rotating shifts 轮班工作10. familial relationships 家庭关系11. single mother 单身母亲12. graveyard shifts 夜班13. one-on-one interaction 一对一交流14. telephone operator 电话接线员15. tollbooth collector 公路收费员16. service economy 服务经济17. expertise economy 经济专业知识18. 50 highest-paying occupation 50大高收入工作19. extra money 外快20. nest egg 私房钱21. joint declaration 联合声明22. audience rating 收视率23. free-lance writer 自由撰稿人24. practitioner 从业者25. publishing house 出版社26. the space race 太空竞赛27. jury system 陪审制度28. literacy 读写能力29. democratic values 民主观念30. racial discrimination 种族歧视（三）近年真题经济管理类1. auction houses 拍卖行2. auctioneer 拍卖商3. bankruptcy 破产4. bonus 奖金5. bull run 布尔溪6. category 种类，分类；范畴7. chief executive 行政长官；董事长8. compensation committee 薪酬委员会9. consumerism 消费主义10. decline 拒绝；下降；衰退；谢绝11. depression 沮丧；不景气12. domestic 国内的；家庭的；国货13. downturn 衰退；低迷时期14. elite 精英，精华15. financially prudent 财务稳健16. income 收入，收益17. investor 投资者18. manufacture 制造，生产19. marketing trend 营销趋势20. marketing trick 市场营销技巧21. momentum 动量22. monopoly 垄断23. outside director 外部董事24. patent 专利25. private industry 私营企业26. profit driven 利益驱动27. profit margin 利润率28. recession 经济衰退29. revenue 收入30. ruthless advertising 无情的广告31. slump 暴跌32. stagnation 停滞，萧条，不景气33. stock 库存；股份；存货34. strategy 战略35. subsidy 补贴，津贴36. term 学期；术语文化教育类1. academic achievement 学术成就2. advanced course 高级课程3. advertising 广告，广告学；广告的4. anecdote 轶事，奇闻5. approach 方法，途径；接近，靠近6. artwork circulation 艺术品流通7. assign 分配，指派8. associate professor 副教授9. authority 权威，权利10. campus 校园，校区11. contemporary art 当代艺术12. conversational partners 对话伙伴13. educational policy 教育政策14. educational ritual 教育仪式15. educational standard 教育标准16. enormous ego 自负，自我17. gallery 美术馆，画廊18. generation 一代人19. gesture 手势，姿势20. historian 历史学家21. impressionist 印象派，印象主义者22. journalist 记者，新闻工作者23. masterpiece 杰作24. passion 激情，热情社会生活类1. administrator 管理员，行政人员2. appearance 外貌，外观3. biotech industry 生物科技产业4. blue-ribbon juries 陪审团5. bottled water 瓶装水6. charity 慈善，施舍7. convention 大会；公约；风俗8. currency 货币，通货9. decoration 装饰，装潢10. defendants 被告11. development 发展12. disinfecting wipes 消毒湿巾13. domain 领域14. efficacy 功效，疗效15. encode 编码16. era 时代17. euro zone 欧元区18. fabric softeners 织物柔软剂19. far-offspring 后代，子孙20. femininity 女性化21. gender difference 性别差异22. genes 基因23. globalization 全球化24. identity 身份25. imagination 想象力26. immigrant 移民27. impoverish 使贫困28. individual 个体，个人29. inflexible policy 僵化的政策30. innocence 清白，无辜31. innovation 创新，革新32. interaction 相互作用33. joblessness 失业34. jury selection procedures 陪审团的选择过程35. jury system 陪审制度36. lifestyle 生活方式3 7. masculine 阳性，男性的38. molecules 分子，微粒39. public hearing 公开审理，听证会40. questionable beauty cream41. racial discrimination 种族歧视42. skin moisturizers 护肤液43. social fabric 社会结构44. suburban 郊区居民，郊外45. supreme court 最高法院46. talkative 健谈，多话的4 7. tangible inequities 实在的不公平现象48. unemployment 失业，失业率49. verdict 裁决，判决50. washing machine 洗衣机科技技术类1. air-traffic-control regulations 空中交通管制规定2. biotech industry3. development4. domain 领域5. efficacy6. encode7. genes8. innovation9. interaction10. jet-fuel 喷气燃料11. molecules12. Nitrogen-oxide emissions 氮氧化物排放量13. operational guidelines 操作规范14. routine military flight 常规军事飞行15. senior medical figures 高级医疗数据16. washing machine。
智能交通系统中英文对照外文翻译文献
智能交通系统中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)原文:Traffic Assignment Forecast Model Research in ITS IntroductionThe intelligent transportation system (ITS) develops rapidly along with the city sustainable development, the digital city construction and the development of transportation. One of the main functions of the ITS is to improve transportation environment and alleviate the transportation jam, the most effective method to gain the aim is to forecast the traffic volume of the local network and the important nodes exactly with GIS function of path analysis and correlation mathematic methods, and this will lead a better planning of the traffic network. Traffic assignment forecast is an important phase of traffic volume forecast. It will assign the forecasted traffic to every way in the traffic sector. If the traffic volume of certain road is too big, which would bring on traffic jam, planners must consider the adoption of new roads or improving existing roads to alleviate the traffic congestion situation. This study attempts to present an improved traffic assignment forecast model, MPCC, based on analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of classic traffic assignment forecast models, and test the validity of the improved model in practice.1 Analysis of classic models1.1 Shortcut traffic assignmentShortcut traffic assignment is a static traffic assignment method. In this method, the traffic load impact in the vehicles’ travel is not considered, and the traffic impedance (travel time) is a constant. The traffic volume of every origination-destination couple will be assigned to the shortcut between the origination and destination, while the traffic volume of other roads in this sector is null. This assignment method has the advantage of simple calculation; however, uneven distribution of the traffic volume is its obvious shortcoming. Using this assignment method, the assignment traffic volume will be concentrated on the shortcut, which isobviously not realistic. However, shortcut traffic assignment is the basis of all theother traffic assignment methods.1.2 Multi-ways probability assignmentIn reality, travelers always want to choose the shortcut to the destination, whichis called the shortcut factor; however, as the complexity of the traffic network, thepath chosen may not necessarily be the shortcut, which is called the random factor.Although every traveler hopes to follow the shortcut, there are some whose choice isnot the shortcut in fact. The shorter the path is, the greater the probability of beingchosen is; the longer the path is, the smaller the probability of being chosen is.Therefore, the multi-ways probability assignment model is guided by the LOGIT model:∑---=n j ii i F F p 1)exp()exp(θθ (1)Where i p is the probability of the path section i; i F is the travel time of thepath section i; θ is the transport decision parameter, which is calculated by the followprinciple: firstly, calculate the i p with different θ (from 0 to 1), then find the θwhich makes i p the most proximate to the actual i p .The shortcut factor and the random factor is considered in multi-ways probabilityassignment, therefore, the assignment result is more reasonable, but the relationshipbetween traffic impedance and traffic load and road capacity is not considered in thismethod, which leads to the assignment result is imprecise in more crowded trafficnetwork. We attempt to improve the accuracy through integrating the several elements above in one model-MPCC.2 Multi-ways probability and capacity constraint model2.1 Rational path aggregateIn order to make the improved model more reasonable in the application, theconcept of rational path aggregate has been proposed. The rational path aggregate,which is the foundation of MPCC model, constrains the calculation scope. Rationalpath aggregate refers to the aggregate of paths between starts and ends of the trafficsector, defined by inner nodes ascertained by the following rules: the distancebetween the next inner node and the start can not be shorter than the distance betweenthe current one and the start; at the same time, the distance between the next innernode and the end can not be longer than the distance between the current one and theend. The multi-ways probability assignment model will be only used in the rationalpath aggregate to assign the forecast traffic volume, and this will greatly enhance theapplicability of this model.2.2 Model assumption1) Traffic impedance is not a constant. It is decided by the vehicle characteristicand the current traffic situation.2) The traffic impedance which travelers estimate is random and imprecise.3) Every traveler chooses the path from respective rational path aggregate.Based on the assumptions above, we can use the MPCC model to assign thetraffic volume in the sector of origination-destination couples.2.3 Calculation of path traffic impedanceActually, travelers have different understanding to path traffic impedance, butgenerally, the travel cost, which is mainly made up of forecast travel time, travellength and forecast travel outlay, is considered the traffic impedance. Eq. (2) displaysthis relationship. a a a a F L T C γβα++= (2)Where a C is the traffic impedance of the path section a; a T is the forecast traveltime of the path section a; a L is the travel length of the path section a; a F is theforecast travel outlay of the path section a; α, β, γ are the weight value of that threeelements which impact the traffic impedance. For a certain path section, there aredifferent α, β and γ value for different vehicles. We can get the weighted average of α,β and γ of each path section from the statistic percent of each type of vehicle in thepath section.2.4 Chosen probability in MPCCActually, travelers always want to follow the best path (broad sense shortcut), butbecause of the impact of random factor, travelers just can choose the path which is ofthe smallest traffic impedance they estimate by themselves. It is the key point ofMPCC. According to the random utility theory of economics, if traffic impedance is considered as the negativeutility, the chosen probability rs p of origination-destinationpoints couple (r, s) should follow LOGIT model:∑---=n j jrs rs bC bC p 1)exp()exp( (3) where rs p is the chosen probability of the pathsection (r, s);rs C is the traffic impedance of the path sect-ion (r, s); j C is the trafficimpedance of each path section in the forecast traffic sector; b reflects the travelers’cognition to the traffic impedance of paths in the traffic sector, which has reverseratio to its deviation. If b → ∞ , the deviation of understanding extent of trafficimpedance approaches to 0. In this case, all the travelers will follow the path whichis of the smallest traffic impedance, which equals to the assignment results withShortcut Traffic Assignment. Contrarily, if b → 0, travelers ’ understanding error approaches infinity. In this case, the paths travelers choose are scattered. There is anobjection that b is of dimension in Eq.(3). Because the deviation of b should beknown before, it is difficult to determine the value of b. Therefore, Eq.(3) is improvedas follows:∑---=n j OD j OD rsrs C bC C bC p 1)exp()exp(，∑-=n j j OD C n C 11（4） Where OD C is the average of the traffic impedance of all the as-signed paths; bwhich is of no dimension, just has relationship to the rational path aggregate, ratherthan the traffic impedance. According to actual observation, the range of b which is anexperience value is generally between 3.00 to 4.00. For the more crowded cityinternal roads, b is normally between 3.00 and 3.50.2.5 Flow of MPCCMPCC model combines the idea of multi-ways probability assignment anditerative capacity constraint traffic assignment.Firstly, we can get the geometric information of the road network and OD trafficvolume from related data. Then we determine the rational path aggregate with themethod which is explained in Section 2.1.Secondly, we can calculate the traffic impedance of each path section with Eq.(2),Fig.1 Flowchart of MPCC which is expatiated in Section 2.3.Thirdly, on the foundation of the traffic impedance of each path section, we cancalculate the respective forecast traffic volume of every path section with improvedLOGIT model (Eq.(4)) in Section 2.4, which is the key point of MPCC.Fourthly, through the calculation processabove, we can get the chosen probability andforecast traffic volume of each path section, but itis not the end. We must recalculate the trafficimpedance again in the new traffic volumesituation. As is shown in Fig.1, because of theconsideration of the relationship between trafficimpedance and traffic load, the traffic impedanceand forecast assignment traffic volume of everypath will be continually amended. Using therelationship model between average speed andtraffic volume, we can calculate the travel timeand the traffic impedance of certain path sect-ionunder different traffic volume situation. For theroads with different technical levels, therelationship models between average speeds totraffic volume are as follows: 1) Highway: 1082.049.179AN V = (5) 2) Level 1 Roads: 11433.084.155AN V = (6) 3) Level 2 Roads: 66.091.057.112AN V = (7) 4) Level 3 Roads: 3.132.01.99AN V = (8) 5) Level 4 Roads: 0988.05.70A N V =(9) Where V is the average speed of the path section; A N is the traffic volume of thepath section.At the end, we can repeat assigning traffic volume of path sections with themethod in previous step, which is the idea of iterative capacity constraint assignment,until the traffic volume of every path section is stable.译文智能交通交通量分配预测模型介绍随着城市的可持续化发展、数字化城市的建设以及交通运输业的发展，智能交通系统（ITS）的发展越来越快。
大学六级考试翻译高频词汇
大学六级考试翻译（写作）高频词汇已考词汇establish 建立honor荣耀stock股票production生产measurement度量，尺寸deprive sb. of sth.剥夺permit准许，允许retire退休distinction区别，差别accomplishment成就，完成elite精华，精锐arrogant傲慢的，自大的instinctive activity本能的活动on behalf of代表scheduled安排equippedsuccessive连续的yield屈服assume 假设diversity多样性peer同辈，同龄人coordinated协调的resemble相像vision视力，幻想，远见implement实现，贯彻associate withassign分配，指派affordinfant婴儿，幼稚的ingredient成分，因素urban城市的civilization文明文化date backembrace拥抱，包含irresistible不可抵抗的，不能压制的momentum动力，要素foster养育，鼓励individualistic个人主义的conceive想象，构想，设想security安全potential潜在的barrier/obstacle障碍物spread传播filter过滤recognize认出，意识到anonymous无名的，无特色的distinction差别不同区别pursuit追求consultancy咨询顾问discredit损害破坏integrity正直pronouncement公告，声明priority优先权significant有意义的，重大的initial最初的competitive竞争的brand name商标，品牌leap跳，跳跃，n.进步dilemma进退两难的局面，困难的选择account for 解释challengewisdom智慧identify识别，鉴别specific明确的，特殊的anticipate期望，预见incredible难以置信的critical批评的launch发射开办起飞obligation义务，职责。
交通工程专业英语翻译14-23单元
Unit 14Scheme layout 规划方案traffic schemes交通计划AONB（areas of outstanding natural beauty）著名的自然风景区SSSI（special scientific interest）特殊的科研用地listed buildings 受保护的建筑archaeological sites 考古遗址adherence to 忠诚，坚持turning characteristics 转向性能be recovered from 通过。
的补偿HGV重型货车kerb lines路缘石，路缘线swept paths 加宽车道DoT交通运输部rigid or articulated 刚性的或铰接的车front and rear overhang 前悬和后悬swept area 扫略面积on the major route 主路on the side road 支路channelised layout 渠化方案pelican crossings on the far side 在远处rural 乡下的generous 慷慨的，大方的，有雅量的constraint 约束，强制，局促conservatian 保存，保持，守恒collision 碰撞，冲突condition 条件，情形reroute 变更旅程characteristic 特有的，特征，特性predominate 掌握统治主要的突出口有力的private car 私人汽车manoeuvre 策略调动demountable 可卸下的street furniture 街道家具drawbar 列车间的挂钩wheelbase 轴距车轮接地面积crossroad 十字路十字路口歧途Traffic Planning Steps交通规划步骤（Data collection数据收集Forecasts预测Goal specification明确目标Preparation of alternative plans可选择计划的准备Testing检验Evaluation 评价Implementation实施）Levels（Policy planning政策规划Systems planning系统规划Preliminary engineering初步设施建造Engineering design 建造设计Planning for operations of existing systems or services现存系统运营的设计）Cost estimation 成本估算traffic flow simulation交通流模拟an action plan实施性规划quantitative data数据资料in the light of 按照，根据，当作stratification 层化成层阶层的形成assign 分配指派赋值quantitative 数量的量的transportation improvement 交通运输改善feedback 回授反馈反应deliberate 深思熟虑的故意的null 无效力的，无效的benchmark 基准legislature 立法机关takeover 接收接管transit system 运输系统Conrail 联合铁路公司corridor study 路廊环境研究，高速通道研究deregulation 违反规定Unit 16Four-step planning procedure四阶段规划法：trip generation 出行生成，trip distribution, 出行分布modal split,方式划分traffic assignment交通分配urban transportation planning 城市运输规划transportation facility 运输设施gap 间隙差距Trip rate出行率the target planning years目标规划年trip end 出行端点traffic zone交通小区car trips and public transport trips小汽车和公共交通出行gravity model重力模型centroids traffic zones交通小区形心all-or-nothing assignment 全有全无分配法capacity restrained assignment容量限制分配法multipath proportional assignment多路径概率分配法a measure ofLink impedance路径阻抗interlocking 联锁的favorable 赞成的Unit 17longitudinal spacing纵向间距level terrain 平原地形Rolling terrain丘陵区Mountainous terrain山岭区Crawl speed is the maximum sustained speed that heavy vehicles can maintain on an extended upgrade of a given percent 爬坡速度是重型车辆在一定比例的延长的爬坡段上的最大行驶速度signalization conditions信号控制条件signal phasing信号相位timing配时type of control 控制类型an evaluation of signal progression for each lane group每车道组的信号联动评价的全部规定saturation flow饱和流量saturation flow rate 饱和流率topography 地形学curb 路边account for 说明解决得分estimation 估计，预算，评价Unit 18fatalities.恶性事故motorcycle occupant摩托车成员vehicle-miles traveled车公里poorly timed signals配时不当House of Representatives' Subcommittee众议院Federal aid Highways hearings联邦政府助建公路Unit 19Biographical descriptors个人经历Chronic medical conditions长期医学状况Hearing听力Loss of limb 肢体残疾Vision视力face validity表面效度raw 擦伤处inadvertent 不注意的疏忽的illumination 照明阐明启发Unit 20One-way street单向交通industrial parks工业园区transition areas转向区域circuitous route迂回区域the one-way pair成对的单向街道central business districts 中心商业区residential lot 居民区Unit 21Junction types交叉口类型uncontrolled nonpriority junctions; 不受控制的非优先次序交叉口priority junctions; 优先次序交叉口roundabouts;环形交叉口traffic signals; 交通标志grade separations立体交叉）Traffic sign 交通标志Warning sign 警告标志Regulatory sign 禁止标志Directional informatory sign 方向指示标志other informatory sign 其他指示标志Carriageway narrowing车道狭窄limit capacity限制容量congestion charging拥挤收费innovation solutions革新方案pedestrian crossing人行横道traffic capacity of road道路交通通行能力highway networks 公路网Traffic Management 交通管理innovation solutions 革新方案signal-controlled 信号控制的traffic capacity of road 道路通行能力pedestrian crossing 人行横道Unit 22Traffic Surveillance交通监管field observations 实地观察Electronic surveillance.电子监管Closed-circuit television.闭路电视Aerial surveillance .无线电监管Emergency motorist call systems .驾驶员紧急呼救系统Citizen-band radio .城市广播Police and service patrols巡逻警察服务aerial surveillance 空中监测空中监视predetermined value 预先确定的值，事先规定的值Unit 23Be subject to受制于Parking surveys停车调查（Parking supply survey停车位供应调查Parking usage survey停车场使用情况调查Concentration survey)停车饱和度调查Durationsurvey持续时间调查Parker interview survey停车访问调查）On-and-off-street路边和路外停车trip destination出行终点the trip-maker出行生成者a closed circuit闭循环Unit 24Date to源于，追溯trade-offs交换，平衡positive guidance 正确引导root-mean-square 均方根Saturn 土星Pascal 帕斯卡filter 滤波器man-machine systems 人机系统交通工程专业英语翻译Unit 21 （文拿董德忠戚建国）Traffic Management交通管理Objectives目标Traffic management arose from the need to maximize the capacity of existing highway networks within finite budget and, therefore, with a minimum of new construction. Methods, which were often seen as a quick fix, required innovation solutions and new technical developments. Many of the techniques devised affected traditional highway engineering and launched imaginative and cost effective junction designs Introduction of signal-controlled pedestriancrossings not only improved the safety of pedestrians on busy roads but improved the traffic capacity of roads by not allowing pedestrians to dominate the crossing point.交通管理起源于这样一种需要，那就是在预算有限的情况下，以最少的新建工程项目，最大限度的提高现有道路网的通行能力。
交通工程专业英语翻译(全)
Unit1The Evolution of Transport交通工具的演化The evolution of transport has been closely linked to the development of humankind throughout the earth’s history．Transport’s early function was to meet the basic need of hauling food supplies and building materials．But with the formation of tribes，then peoples，and finally nations，the societal and economic functions of transport became more and more complex. At first there was mobility required for individuals，clans，households，and animals to protect them against，and to escape from，the dangers of natural disasters and tribal aggressions，and in the search for the best places to settle．As tribal groups formed and gradually established their geographical identity，transport was increasingly needed to open up regions for development，to provide access to natural resources，to promote intercommunal trade，and to mobilize territorial defense．When the first nations came into being，transport played a major role in establishing national integrity．交通工具的演变紧密相连的人类在整个地球的历史发展。
大学英语精读(第三版)第2、3册 U7-U3单词短语翻译
Unit7(Book 2) Not on My BlockⅠ.Wordsvacant ['veikənt]stream [stri:m] tough [tʌf]challenge ['tʃælindʒ]a.未占用的，空的n.川流不息， a.粗野的，坚韧的n.挑战，邀请比赛艰巨的(人、车等的)流，(小)河困难的任务vt.pray [prei] property ['prɔpəti]throat [θrəut]tragedy ['trædʒidi]v.祈祷，祈求n房地产，财产n.咽喉，颈前部n.惨事，不幸，悲剧cautious ['kɔ:ʃəs]organization [,ɔ:ɡənai'zeiʃən, -ni'z-] leadership ['li:dəʃip]a.十分小心的，谨慎的n.团体，组织，结构n.领导才能，领导地位establish [i'stæbliʃ]vt.建立，创办abandon [ə'bændən]explode [ik'spləud]impact ['impækt, im'pækt]vt.离弃，丢弃，放弃v.突然爆发，(使)爆发n.影响，作用，冲击力，撞击力Ⅱ.Phrases and Expressionsmove in hang out turn over take to搬入新家经常出没，闲荡，厮混翻转逐渐习惯于做(某事)，开始喜欢take a stand set…on fire/set fire to run into表明立场放火烧，使燃烧偶然遇见get through to sb. through [θru:] prep. 穿过；通过；凭借adv. 从头至尾；彻底adj. 直达的；过境的；完结的使某人懂得，使某人明白----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Unit8 (Book 2) Honesty：Is It Going Out of Style?Ⅰ.Wordshonesty ['ɔnisti]style [stail] admission [əd'miʃən]temptation [temp'teiʃən]n．诚实n.时尚n. 承认；入场费；进入n.引诱，诱惑许可；坦白；录用behavio(u)r [bi'heivjə]competency ['kɔmpitənsi]misdemeanor(u)r [,misdi'mi:nə]n行为n能力，胜任n.轻罪requirement [ri'kwaiəmənt]n要求，必要条件psychological [,psaikə'lɔdʒikəl]applaud [ə'plɔ:d]frequently ['fri:kwəntli]a．心理学的，心理的，精神上的vt.拍手称赞ad. 时常，屡次；频繁地，经常地character ['kærəktə]n. 字符；特性；角色；性格，品质vt. 使具有特征；印，刻supermarket ['sju:pə,mɑ:kit]numerous ['nju:mərəs]evidence ['evidəns]n超级市场 a. 许多的，很多的n.证据Ⅱ.Phrases and Expressionsout of style according to according [ə'kɔ:diŋ] adj. 相符的adv. 依照过时的，不再流行的根据，按照；取决于；据…所说(be) faced with a case in point面对恰当的例子think of...as on the other hand go down把…看作另一方面，反过来说下降，减少----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Unit9 (Book 2) What Is Intelligence，AnywayⅠ.Wordsaptitude ['æptitju:d] register ['redʒistə]complacent [kəm'pleisənt]n能力，才能vt.取得，登记a自满的，自鸣得意的academic [,ækə'demik]a学术的，学究的，学院的estimate ['estimeit] explore [ik'splɔ:]pronouncement [prəu'naunsmənt]vi. 估计，估价vt.探索，探究n声明，见解n. 估计，估价；判断，看法vt. 估计，估量；判断，评价absolute ['æbsəlju:t,,æbsə'lju:t]a. 绝对的；完全的；专制的n. 绝对事物；绝对determine [di'tə:min]numerical [nju:'merikəl]evaluation [i,vælju'eiʃən]vt. 决定；使…下定决心；判决 a.数字的，用数字表示的n估价，评价vi. 决定；确定；判决，终止subsection ['sʌb,sekʃən,sʌb's-]n.小组，分部automobile ['ɔ:təməubi:l,,ɔ:təmə'bi:l]hammer ['hæmə]n汽车n锤子，榔头vⅡ.Phrases and Expressionsmake a fuss of/over fuss [fʌs] vi. 小题大作；忙乱；焦燥；焦急；无事自扰n. 大惊小怪，大惊小怪的人；小题大作；忙乱vt. 使烦恼，使烦忧为…大惊小怪make up by one’s estimate编制，配制根据某人估计take sth. for granted grant [ɡrɑ:nt,ɡrænt] vt. 授予；承认；允许vi. 同意n. 授予物；拨款认为某事理所当然pick out for sure挑选确切地，肯定----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Unit10 (Book 2) Profits of PraiseⅠ.Wordsprofit ['prɔfit]exhaust [iɡ'zɔ:st]weary ['wiəri]application [,æpli'keiʃən]n益处，利润vt使筋疲力尽 a.厌倦的，厌烦的n. 应用；申请；敷用；应用程序reluctant [ri'lʌktənt]compliment ['kɔmplimənt]embarrass [im'bærəs]a不情愿的，勉强的n. 恭维；问候；致意；称赞；道贺vt. 使局促不安；使困窘；阻碍vt. 恭维；称赞surprisingly surprising [sə'praiziŋ]ad. 惊人地；出人意外地comment ['kɔment]rewarding [ri'wɔ:diŋ]glorious ['ɡlɔ:riəs]appreciate [ə'pri:ʃieit]n.评论a值得(做)的，报答的a辉煌的vt欣赏，鉴赏，感谢，感激peacefully peaceful ['pi:sful]ad. 平静地constructive [kən'strʌktiv]dramatically [drə'mætikəli]a.建设性的ad.显著地Ⅱ.Phrases and Expressionsmake out only too shrug off shrug [ʃrʌɡ] vt. 耸肩，耸肩表示n. 耸肩vi. 耸肩开出，填写极，非常耸肩表示对…不屑理睬pat on the back pat [pæt] a. 恰好的；熟练的；合适的ad. 恰好；熟记地n. 小块；轻拍；轻拍声vt. 轻拍vi. 轻拍赞扬，鼓励pass on live on传递靠…生活----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Unit1 (Book 3) A Brush with the LawⅠ.Wordscircumstance ['sə:kəmstəns]subsequent ['sʌbsikwənt]temporary ['tempərəri]n情况，环境a随后的，接下去的 a.暂时的employment [im'plɔimənt]n职业，工作arrestable arrest [ə'rest] vt. 吸引；逮捕；阻止n. 逮捕；监禁a. 可逮捕的regard (as) regard [ri'ɡɑ:d, ri:-]n. 注意；尊重；凝视；问候vt. 把…看作；注重，考虑；看待；尊敬；与…有关vi. 注意，注重；注视vt. 把…认作conversational [,kɔnvə'seiʃənəl]confirm [kən'fə:m]a会话(用)的vt证实，肯定，确认magistrate ['mædʒistreit]defence [di'fens] dismiss [dis'mis]n地方法官n. 防御；防卫；防卫设备；答辩vt.驳回，对…不予受理，免…的职，解雇respectable [ri'spektəbl]a.值得尊敬的brilliant ['briljənt]complain [kəm'plein]successful [sək'sesful]a辉煌的，卓越的vi. 发牢骚；投诉；诉说vt. 抱怨；控诉 a. 成功的；一帆风顺的Ⅱ.Phrases and Expressionsa coupe of coupe [ku:p] n. 小轿车；双座四轮轿式马车take one’s time少数，几(个)，一对慢慢来，不着急at first起先，首先；最初call on stand a chance turn against要求有机会，有希望反对；背叛；（使）变成和…敌对----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Unit2 (Book 3) Fruitful QuestionsⅠ.Wordsfruitful ['fru:tful] limitation [,limi'teiʃən]parameter [pə'ræmitə]a.硕果累累的，多产的，有利的n.限制，限定n. (限定的)因素，特性，界限version ['və:ʃən]n.(某种)版本形式，(个人的)说法，译本strawberry ['strɔ:bəri]definitely ['definitli] contract ['kɔntrækt,kən'trækt]n.草莓ad.清楚地，明确地vt. 感染(疾病)mild [maild]a.(疾病、惩罚等)不重的，轻微的notable ['nəutəbl]evolution [,i:və'lu:ʃən, ,ev-]a.值得注意的，显著地，著名的n.演变，进化，发展access ['ækses, 'æksəs, æk'ses] super ['sju:pə]n.通路，入口，进入(或享用、接近)的机会 a.极好的，了不起的highway ['haiwei] shatter ['ʃætə]view [vju:]n.公路，交通要道v.使粉碎vt.察看，考虑，看待Ⅱ.Phrases and Expressionstake out 拿出，抽出think up 想出in short 总之，简言之bring up 使注意，提出Unit2 (Book 3) Why I TeachⅠ.Wordsadministration [əd,mini'streiʃən]mechanic [mi'kænik] profession [prəu'feʃən]n.管理(部门)，行政(机关) n.机械工，机修工n. 职业，专业；声明，宣布，表白opportunity [,ɔpə'tju:niti]n. 时机，机会stimulate ['stimjuleit] self-reliance ['selfri'laiəns]technological [,teknə'lɔdʒikəl]vt.刺激，激励n.依靠自己，自力更生 a.技术的corporation [,kɔ:pə'reiʃən]n.(AmE)有限公司distribution [,distri'bju:ʃən]energetic [,enə'dʒetik]journal ['dʒə:nəl]n. 分配；分布 a.精力充沛的n.杂志，日报occasional [ə'keiʒənəl,əu-]a. 偶然的；临时的；特殊场合的intuition [,intju:'iʃən]analysis [ə'næləsis]creation [kri:'eiʃən]n.直觉n.分析n. 创造，创作；创作物，产物Ⅱ.Phrases and Expressionsstay up take notes keep a diary diary ['daiəri] n. 日记簿；日志，日记不睡觉，熬夜记笔记记日记leave out send off遗漏，省去；不考虑寄出；派遣；给…送行catch one’s breath breath [breθ] n. 呼吸，气息；一口气，（呼吸的）一次；微风；瞬间，瞬息；迹象；[语]无声音，气音喘气；歇口气；屏息给大家推荐一个英语微信群Empty Your Cup英语微信群是目前学习英语最有效的方法，群里都是说英语，没有半个中文，而且规则非常严格，是一个超级不错的英语学习环境，群里有好多英语超好的超牛逼的人，还有鬼佬和外国美眉。
TransCAD 菜单列表翻译
1 File文件1.1 New... 新建1.2 Open... 打开1.3 Close...关闭1.4 Close All关闭所有1.5 Save保存1.6 Save As...另存为1.7 Send...发送1.8 Properties...性能1.9 Open Workspace...打开工作空间1.10 Save Workspace As...另存为工作空间1.11 Project Manager...工程管理1.12 Print...打印1.13 Exit退出2 Edit编辑2.1 Undo/Can't undo撤销2.2 Redo/Can't redo重做2.3 Clear Undo/Redo清楚撤销/重做2.4 Copy复制2.5 Paste粘贴2.6 Fill...填充2.7 Add Records增加记录2.8 Delete Records删除记录2.9 Delete Set删除选择集2.10 Find...查找2.11 Drawing Actions画图动作2.12 Prefernces...页面属性3 Map地图3.1 Layer...图层管理3.2 Display Manager图层展示管理3.3 Duplicate Map复制地图3.4 Combine Existing Maps...合并现有地图3.5 Scale...设定比例3.6 Previous Scale前一个比例视图3.7 Initial Scale最初比例视图3.8 Locator...定位3.9 Synchronize同步3.10 Pan平移3.10.1 Pan Right向右平移3.10.2 Pan Left向左平移3.10.3 Pan Up向上平移3.10.4 Pan Down向下平移3.10.5 Pan Map Toolbox地图平移工具箱3.11 Bookmarks书签3.11.1 Create...创建书签3.11.2 Go To前往书签3.11.3 Manager...书签管理3.12 Color Theme...颜色主题3.13 Pattern Theme...演示主题3.14 Dot-Density Theme...点密度主题3.15 Chart Theme...图表主题3.16 Scaled-Symbol Theme...比例主题3.17 Coloring...着色3.18 Feature Display...特征显示3.19 Prism Map...三维地图3.20 Display Hidden Labels展示隐藏标签3.21 Restore All Labels恢复所有标签3.22 Record Video录制视频4.Dataview数据表4.1 Fields...字段4.2 Field Sets...字段选择4.3 Column Settings...字段属性设置4.4 Sort...排列4.5 Sort Sets...排列设置4.6 Lock Columns锁定列4.7 Transpose...转置4.8 Group By...分组4.9 Duplicates...复制4.10 Formats...字段格式化4.11 Join...链接表格4.12 Drop Join...删除连接4.13 Formula Fields...公式填充字段4.14 Summary Statistics统计4.15 Import into Matrix导入到矩阵4.16 Export to Matrix导出矩阵4.17 Modify Table更改表格字段4.18 Table Structure表格结构5 Selection选择集5.1 Settings...选择集5.2 Select by Condition...通过条件选择5.3 Select by List...通过列表选择5.4 Select by Related Values...通过相关数值选择5.5 Select by Location...通过位置选择5.6 Select by Theme...通过专题选择5.7 Select by Highlight通过高亮选择5.8 Select by Adjacency5.9 Combine Selection...合并选择集5.10 Select Centroids...选择质心5.11 Select By Links...通过连接选择5.12 Select By Nodes...基于节点选择6 Tools工具6.1 Toolbox地理工具箱6.2 Selection选择集工具箱6.3 Map Editing地图编辑6.4 Imagery6.5 Surface Analysis地理表面分析6.6 Drawing Toolbox画图工具箱6.7 Map Librarian...地图库管理器6.8 Locate定位6.8.1 Locate By Address... 通过街道地址定位6.8.2 Locate By World City...通过世界城市定位6.8.3Locate By Value...通过数值定位6.8.4 Locate By Coordinate...通过坐标定位6.8.5 Locate By Pointing...通过指定点定位6.8.6 Locate Images by Geotagging…6.8.7 Index Locations...定位索引6.9 Geographic Analysis地理文件分析6.9.1 Merge by Value...创建地域6.9.2 Create Districts...创建区域6.9.3 Areas of Influence...影响区域6.9.4 Bands...区域？/影响带？6.9.5 Click Bands Toolbox单击影响带工具箱6.9.6 Overlay...叠加6.9.7 Create Density Grid...创建密度网6.9.8 Distance Matrix...距离矩阵6.9.9 Desire Lines...需求路径6.9.10 Tag Points by Area...根据区域标记点6.9.11 Weighted Center...加权中心6.10 Geographic Utilities地理工具？6.10.1 GPS全球定位系统6.10.1.1 Read GPS Data...读取GPS数据6.10.1.2 Animate GPS Data...6.10.1.3 Import GPS Playback Data...输入GPS重放数据6.10.2 Lines of Sight...观测线6.10.3 Rubbersheet...拉伸地理文件6.10.4 Greate Vector Grid...创建矢量网6.10.5 Connect Points...连接节点6.10.6 Line/Area Conversion...转换线和区域6.10.7 Link External Node/Line Layers...6.10.8 Clip by Area...按地区剪贴地理文件6.10.9 Multi Clipper...6.10.10 Mask...6.10.11 Merge Geography...合并地图层6.10.12 Coordinate to XY...6.10.13 District Reports...6.10.14 Mailing Labels...6.10.15 Geographic File...地理文件6.11 Logging6.11.1 View Report6.11.2 View Log6.11.3 Add Text to Log/Report File6.11.4 Clear Report6.11.5 Clear Log6.12 Export...地理文件输出6.13 Open in ArcMap... 在ArcMap中打开6.14 Slide Show...幻灯片播放6.15 GIS Developer's Kit GISDK工具箱6.16 Add-Ins加载宏/加载项？6.17 Setup Add-Ins...设置加载项7 Procedures 程序7.1 Networks/Path 网络7.2 Route System公交地理信息7.3 Planning道路网规划模型7.4 Transit公交规划模型7.5 Routing/Logistics 物流模型7.6 Statistics统计模型7.7 Show All显示全部7.8 Hide All隐藏全部8 Networks/Paths 网络8.1 Create...创建网络8.2 Settings...网络设置8.3 Info...信息选择集8.4 Drop...删除8.5 Save Network Fields to Table...保存网络字段到表格8.6 Select From Network...从网络中选择8.7 Turn Penalty Toolbox转向惩罚工具箱8.8 Turn Prohibition Editor转向禁止编辑器8.9 Shortest Path最短路径计算8.10 Toll Shortest Path基于收费最短路径8.11 K shortest Path K条最短路径8.12 Dynamic Path动态路径8.13 Node to Node Distances...节点-节点距离8.14 Point to Point Distances...点-点（越野）距离8.15 Multiple Paths...多重路径8.16 Multiple Toll Paths...多重收费路径8.17 Dynamic Multiple Paths...动态多路径8.18 Point to Point Paths...点到点路径8.19 Traveling Sclesman Problem... TSP问题8.20 Network Partitioning... 网络分隔8.21 Network Bands...网络覆盖范围8.22 Network Bands from Matrix...8.23 Create Exclusion Areas...9 Route Systems公交地理信息9.1 Editing Toolbox公交地理信息编辑工具箱9.2 Route Query Toolbox公交查询工具箱9.3 Route Service Toolbox公交服务查询工具箱9.4 Route Browser Toolbox公交线路查询工具箱9.5 Linear Referencing线性参考9.5.1 Attach...连接9.5.2 Merge Layers...合并里程层9.5.3 Shrink Table...缩小里程表9.5.4 Strip Chart...带状分布图9.5.5 Add Mileposts...计算里程值9.5.6 Calibrate from Table...校准里程表？9.6 Utilities工具？9.6.1 Select Links from Routes...9.6.2 Select Routes from Links...9.6.3 Compact...压缩9.6.4 Merge...合并9.6.5 Move...移动9.6.6 Create from Table...表格生成9.6.7 Create Stops...创建公交站点9.6.8 Create with Route Stops...创建路线站点9.6.9 Create with Physical Stops...创建物理站点9.6.10 Compute Route Attributes...计算路径属性9.6.11 Fill Line Layer Field with Route Attribute...用路径属性填充线层？9.6.12 Route Overlap Matrix...路径重叠矩阵9.6.13 Route Services...9.6.14 Archive Route System9.6.15 Restore Route System Archive...9.7 Reload重新加载9.8 Verify公交路网验证9.9 Import GTFS...9.10 Import GTFS to Link Layer...9.11 Export to GTFS...10 Planning规划10.1 Trip Productions 出行发生10.1.1 Cross-Classification 交叉分类10.1.2 Apply a Model 应用模型10.1.3 Quick Response 快速反应10.1.4 NCHRP365 Trip Production NCHRP365出行发生NCHRP365：美国城市规划出行评估技术10.1.5 NCHRP365 Rates NCHRP365率10.2 Trip Attractions 出行吸引10.2.1 Cross-Classification 交叉分类10.2.2 ITE Attraction Rates ITE吸引率数据10.2.3 Build ITE Trip Attraction Database 建立ITE出行吸引数据10.2.4 Apply a Model 应用模型10.2.5 Quick Response 快速反应10.2.6 NCHRP365 Trip Attraction NCHRP365出行吸引10.2.7 NCHRP365 Rates NCHRP365率10.3 Balance平衡10.4 Quick Response Method快速反应法10.5 Trip Distribution出行分布10.5.1 Gravity Application 引力模型应用10.5.2 Gravity Calibration 引力模型校准10.5.3 UTPS Style Gravity Model UTPS型引力模型UTPS：城镇交通规则系统10.5.4 GrowthFactor Method 增长因子法10.5.5 Intervening Opportunities Model 干预机会模型10.5.6 Tri-Proportional Growth Factor三重比例增长因数10.5.7 Tri-Proportional Gravity三重比例引力模型10.5.8 Destination Choice Model Application 讫点选择模型应用10.5.9 Intrazonal Travel Times隐域性旅程时间10.5.10 Trip Length Distribution旅行长度分布10.5.11 Synthetic Friction Factors摩擦因子合成10.6 Mode Split 模型分离10.6.1 Logit Model Application Logit模型应用10.6.2 Logit Model Estimation Logit模型估计10.7 P-A to O-D P-A转O-D10.8 Time of Day Analysis执行时段分析10.9 Static Traffic Assignment静态交通分配10.9.1 Traffic Assignment交通分配10.9.2 Origin UE原始用户平衡10.9.3 Multi-Modal Multi-Class Assignment多方式多类型分配10.9.4 Volume-Dependent Turning Delays基于流量的转向延误10.9.5 Intersection Control Editor交叉口控制编辑器10.9.6 Multi Loading Point Assignment多加载点分配10.9.7 Multi Loading Point Node Capacity多加载点的节点通行能力10.9.8 Subarea Analysis分区分析10.9.9 Multi-Modal Multi-Class Subarea Analysis多方式多类型分区分析10.10 Dynamic Traffic Assignment动态交通分配10.10.1 Dynamic Assignment动态分配10.10.2 Dynamic Signal Assignment动态信号分配10.10.3 Dynamic Multi-Modal Multi-Class Assignment动态多方式多类型分配10.10.4 Dynamic Multi-Modal Multi-Class Signal Assignment动态多方式多类型信号分配10.10.5 Dynamic Flow Map动态流量图10.11 Assignment Utilities分配工具10.11.1 Create Flow Map创建流量图10.11.2 Assignment Differences分配差异10.11.3 VDF Chart VDF图表VDF：流量延误函数10.11.4 Display Intersection Flows显示交叉口流量10.11.5 Assignment Path Toolbox分配路径工具箱10.11.6 Screenline Analysis检测线分析10.11.7 Select Link/Zone Query Builder指定路段/小区快速建立10.11.8 OUE Select Link/Zone Analysis OUE指定路段/小区分析10.11.9 OUE Subarea Analysis OUE分区分析10.11.10 OUE Turn Movement Analysis OUE转弯运动分析10.11.11 Link Calculator路段计算器10.11.12 ICU Calculator ICU计算器10.11.13 RMSE Calculator RMSE计算器10.12 O-D Matrix Estimation OD矩阵估计OD反推？10.12.1 Single Class Matrix Estimation单类型矩阵估计10.12.2 Muti Class Matrix Estimation多类型矩阵估计10.13 Planning Utilities规划工具10.13.1 Centroid Connectors质心连接器10.13.2 Creat a Turning Movement Table创建转弯运动表10.13.3 Aggregate Turning Volumes By Link通过路段的宏观转弯量10.13.4 SUMMIT User Benefit CalculationSUMMIT用户效益计算10.13.5 SUMMIT Results ManagerSUMMIT结果管理10.13.6 Mobile 6 Emission Model移动6排放模型10.13.7 Population Synthesis样本综合合成10.13.8 Build Cross-Classification Table建立交叉分类表10.14 Planning Data规划数据10.14.1 Import Planning Networks导入规划网络10.14.2 Import from Node/Link tables由节点/路段表导入10.14.3 Import EMME/2 Files导入EMME/2文件10.14.4 Export to EMME/2 Batchout导出到EMME/2 Batchout10.14.5 Import FSUTMS TRANPLAN Binary Networks导入FSUTMS TRANPLAN 二进制网络10.14.6 Import FSUTMS TRANPLAN Text Netrworks导入FSUTMS TRANPLAN文本网络10.14.7 Import FSUTMS TRANPLAN Matrices导入FSUTMS TRANPLAN矩阵10.14.8 Import MINUTP Binary Networks导入MINUTP二进制网络10.14.9 Import MINUTP Matrices导入MINUTP矩阵10.14.10 Import SATURN Network导入SATURN网络10.14.11 Import SATURN Matrices导入SATURN矩阵10.14.12 Import TModel Matrices导入T模型矩阵10.14.13 Import TP+ Binary Networks导入TP+二进制网络10.14.14 Import TP+ Matriices导入TP+矩阵10.14.15 Import TRANPLAN Binary Network导入TRANPLAN二进制网络10.14.16 Import TRANPLAN Matrices导入TRANPLAN矩阵10.14.17 Import TRANPLAN Text Tables导入TRANPLAN文本网络10.14.18 Convert Turn Penalty Table转换转弯惩罚表10.15 Survey Utilities调查工具10.15.1 Travel Geography Viewer旅行地理观察器10.15.2 Generate Trip-based Information基于出行的信息生成10.15.3 Generate Tour-based Information基于旅行的信息生成10.16 Accessibility可达性10.16.1 Cumulative Opportunity累计机会10.16.1.1 Access通路10.16.1.2 Network网络10.16.2 Continuous Measures连续指标10.16.2.1 Hansen Single Mode Hansen单模型10.16.2.2 Hansen Multi-Mode Hansen多模型10.16.3 Urban Form城市形态10.16.3.1 Entropy熵10.16.3.2 Connectivity连通性10.16.3.3 Intersection Densisty交叉口密度10.16.3.4 Walkablity步行能力10.17 HCM 2010 Procedures HCM2000程序10.17.1 Sinalized and Unsignalized INtersections信控与非信控交叉口10.17.2 Two-Lane Highways双车道公路10.17.3 Multilane Highways多车道公路10.18 Distributed Computing Toolbox分布式计算工具箱10.19 Batch Editing批量编辑11 Transit公交规划模型11.1 Create Network...创建网络11.2 Tag Stops to Node...捕捉公交站点对应节点编号11.3 Transit Network Settings设置公共交通网络11.3.1 Pathfinder...路径搜索法11.3.2 Shortest Path...最短路径法11.3.3 Schedule Based...基于时刻表法11.3.4 Optimal Strategies...最优策略法11.4 Update Network Settings更新网络设置11.5 Update Stop to Stop Costs更新站间费用11.6 Interactive Pathfinding查找公共交通最短路径11.6.1 Pathfinder...路径搜索法11.6.2 Shortest Path...最短路径法11.6.3 Schedule Based...基于时刻表法11.6.4 Optimal Strategies...最优策略法11.7 Skimming计算公共交通最优路径属性浏览矩阵11.7.1 Pathfinder...路径搜索法11.7.2 Shortest Path...最短路径法11.7.3 Optimal Strategies...最优策略法11.8 Transit Network Bands运输网络带11.9 Assignment分配11.9.1 Pathfinder...路径搜索法11.9.2 Equilibrium Pathfinder...平衡路径搜索法11.9.3 All or Nothing...全有全无法11.9.4 Stochastic User Equilibrium...随机用户平衡法11.9.5 Schedule Based...基于时刻表法11.9.6 Optimal Strategies...最优策略法11.9.7 Transit Select Link Query Builder...公共交通选择连接段查询生成器11.9.8 Transit Path Toolbox...公共交通路径工具箱11.10 Load Profile Chart...载入简介图11.11 Aggregate On/Off Counts...站点乘降量11.12 Route Utilization...利用路线11.13 Reports...报告11.14 Aggregate Transit Assignment...总公交分配11.15 OD Matrix EstimationOD反推11.15.1 Pathfinder... 路径搜索法11.15.2 Equilibrium Pathfinder...平衡路径搜索法11.15.3 All or Nothing...全有全无法11.15.4 Stochastic User Equilibrium...随机用户平衡法11.16 Schedules时刻表11.16.1 Create Transit Schedule...创建公交时刻表11.16.2 Schedule Query Toolbox时刻表查询工具箱11.16.3 Calculate Average Route Headway计算平均路线发车间隔11.16.4 Schedule Animation...时刻表动画11.17 Utilities工具11.17.1 Compute Route Attributes...计算路线属性11.17.2 Fill Line Layer Field with Route Attribute...用路线属性填充路线层字段11.17.3 Create Transit Movement Table...创建公交移动表格11.17.4 Select Stops with Milepost Errors12Routing/Logistics物流模型12.1 Cost Matrix...费用矩阵12.2 Vehicle Routing...车辆路径12.3 Arc/Street Routing12.3.1 Arc Routing...12.3.2 Route Service Directions...12.3.3 Check Network Connectivity...12.4 Minimum Spanning Tree12.5 Weighted Matching...12.6 The Transportation Problem...12.7 Minmum Cost Flow...12.8 Regional Partitioning...12.9 Clustering...12.10 Facility Location...13 Statistics统计13.1 Tabulations...制表符13.2 Correlations...相关性分析13.3 Model Estimation...模型估计13.4 Model Evaluation...模型评价13.5 Create Model File...创建队列模型13.6 Adjacency Matrix...近邻矩阵13.7 Spatial Autocorrelation...空间自相关分析14Window 窗口14.1 Refresh 刷新14.2 Tile Horizontally水平平铺14.3 Tile Vertically垂直平铺14.4 Cascade级联14.5 Arrange Icons重排图标14.6 Minimize All全部最小化14.7 Restore All全部还原14.8 Windows...窗口15 Help帮助15.1TransCAD Help帮助15.2 Regional Data Help区域数据帮助15.3 TransCAD User's Guide用户指南15.4 Travel Demand Modeling User's Guide交通需求模型用户指南15.5 Routing and Logistics User's Guide物流用户指南15.6 Activate NAVTEQ Licenses NAVTEQ激活许可证15.7 Technical Support on the Web 在线技术支持15.8 Email Technical Support技术支持（邮件）15.9 Caliper on the Web主页15.10 Online Registration在线注册15.11 About关于。
地铁英语缩写翻译
AC :信标/计车由Axle CounterACS :计轴系统Axle Counter SystemADC :自动矢门Auto Door CloseADO :自动幵门Auto Door OpenADM :系统管理器ADU :特征显示单元AF :音频AFC :自动售检票系统Auto Fare Collection AM :列车自动运行驾驶模式Automatic Model AMU : ATO匹配单元API:应用程序接口APAM:AT O功率放大板块APR :绝对位置参考应答器・信标AR :自动折返驾驶/列车自动折返模式ARS :列车进路设定AS ：管理服务器/接入交换机Access Switch ASK :数字调幅、幅移键控ATB :自动折返按钮Automatic Turnback Button ATC :列车自动控制系统ATI :列车到达时刻显示器ATO :列车自动运行ATP :列车自动防护AP：接入点♦轨旁无线单元/应用模块Application P APAM:AT O功率放大板块ATR :列车自动调整’ATS :列车自动监控Automatic Train SupervisionAXC :计轴器B&A :操作和显示BAS :环境与设备监控系统Bd :波特bond :棒BS :骨干交换机Backbone Switch BUMA :总线控制板CA控制中心自动控制模、中央自动模式CAN :现场总线cold丄苗士n CaCAZ ：冲突防护区域’CBN :通信系统CBTC :基于通信的列车控制Communication Based Train ControlCC :车载控制器Carborne ControllerCCTE :车载安全计算机（包括ATP/ATO子系统）CCTV :闭路电视/电视监视器CD :载频检测模块CDM :电码检测模块ODTA :中央数据传输系统CE:控制设备CENELEC :欧洲电工标准委员会CESB :中央紧急停车按钮CER :控制室CG :编码发生器CH :校核信号Cl:计算机联锁Computer Based InterlockingCLC :线路控制器CLOW :中央联锁工作站Center Locking Workstation CM :编码人工驾驶模式COAST :惰行COM :通信服务器COTS :可购买的商用产品CPL :耦合器模块CouplerCPISA :通信处理器CPS :条件电源块CPU :中央处理单元CRC :循坏冗余校验CS :中央服务器Center ServerCSEX :电码系统模拟器扩展CTC :调度集中CTS :光数据传输系统DAB :报警按钮（为了及时处理意外或临时事故而设置在车厢里的乘客报警按钮）DB：轨道数据库Data BaseDCC ;元件接口模块/车辆段、停车场控制中心Depot Contral Center DCS:数据通信系统Data Communication SubsystemDCU :数据储存单元DCR :车站综合控制室DDS :数字频率合成技术、DSIT :接口控制模块DDU :诊断和数据上载单元、诊断和数据更新单元DEBLIMO :闪光元件接口模块DEM :调节器DESIMO :信号机元件接口模块DEWEMO :道岔元件接口模块DI :列车发车时刻显示器DID :目的地号Destination Identification DIOM :离散输入、输出板块DOC :驱动输出模块DOT ：倒换方向DPU :车辆段程序单元DS ：模拟MMI、演示系统、数据服务器r»QD •船r7士旦知、工中七士*・DSIT :接口控制模块DSU :数据服务单元Data Service Un itDT: VCC数据传输DTC :数字轨道电路DTI:发车计时器、发车时间表示显示器Departure Time Indicator DTM :现场LDTS分机DTRO :无人驾驶列车折返运行DTS:光纤网、数据传输系统、光纤通信系统读点EBR :紧急制动继电器EB :紧急制动ECC :元件接口模块EFAST :列车控制元件接口模块EFID :入口馈电设备ERC：人工取消进路E Route Cancel ESB、ESP :紧急尖闭按钮Emergency Stop ButtonESS :紧急车站停车系统ESIT :电子元件接口模块EU :电子单元FAS :火灾自动报警系统FEC :非向前纠错FEP ：前端处理器FFT :快速傅立叶变换FID :馈电设备FOTL :光纤传输线KAA - SK/r+F?七g * 二FSB :全常用制动Full Service BrakingFSK :数字调频・频移键控FTGS :西门子公司的遥供无绝缘音频轨道电路/音频无绝缘轨道电路GEBR :可保证的紧急制动率Guaranteed Emergency Brake Rate GO: ATP速度命令选择和核准电路HMI :人机接口 / 人机界面Huma n-Machi ne In terfaceIBP :综合后备盘In teg rated Backup Pan elI/O :输入/输出Input/OutputICM :输入控制模板、输入模块ICU :区域控制中心、控制单元、计算模块ID:识别IEG :国际电工委员会IFS :接口服务器In terface ServerILC :联锁控制器InterLocking ControllerIRU :接口继电器单元JTC ;无绝缘轨道电路KOMDA :开尖量输出板LAN :局域网Local area NetLC :车站控制LCC :本地控制台LCD :液晶显示器Liquid Crystal DisplayLCP:局域控制板（设于站控室内墙LCP控制盘上，需要扣车或取消时、按压按钮扣车或取消扣车，当站台的紧急停车按钮被按动时，在LCP士报警应按取消报警按钮）LCW :本地控制工作站Local Control WorkstationLDTS :现场数据传输系统LED :发光二极管Light Emitting DiodeLEU :轨旁电子单元♦信号接口LFU :环路馈送单元LISTE :信号机元件接口板块LIU :环线调谐单元LMM :环路调制解调器板块LOM :逻辑输出板块LPU ；车站程序单元LZB :连续式列车自动控制系统MAL ：移动授权Movement Authority Limit MAZ :移动授权区域Movement Authority Zone MD :调频检测板块MDC :手动尖门Manual Door CloseMDO :手动幵门Manual Door OpenME :存储互换模块Memory Exchange MELDE:开矢量输入板Ml :联锁单元MicroLok :微机联锁/联锁设备MMI :人机界面MMS ；维护管理系统MODEM :调制解调器MPM :主处理器板块MR :车载无线设备MSK :最小移频键控MSS :最大安全速度MWS :维护工作站Maintenance Work StationMT ：轨道联锁・城市轨道交通・MTIB :移动列车初始化信标MTO :无人驾驶MUX :接口电机NDO :非安全数字输出板NFS:网络文件系统NIC :网络接口卡NISAL:数字集成安全保障逻辑NMS :网管系统/网络管理工作站NRM :非限制人工驾驶模式NRZI :不归零倒置NSS :网络支撑系统NVI :非安全型输入NVLE :非安全逻辑模拟器工作站NVO:非安全型输出车载设备运营控制中心 Operational Contral Center 输出控制模块 操作/显示接口通信模块、光连接模块光连接插头速度脉冲发生器开放的传输网:全线表示盘子系统 环路调制解调器逻辑处理模块OBE : OCC OCMODI :OLM :OLP :OPGOTN :OVWPAC :PAL :PAS :PB :停车制动PC :道岔控制PCB :控制器、印路电路板PCU :协议传输单元PD:多项式除法器PEB :站台紧急按钮、PF ：工频PI :站台显示器PID :乘客导向系统PHS :乘客信息显示器PIS :乘客导向系统PL:运行等级/站到站的运行时间PM：道岔转辙机PROM :课编程计数器PSA :远方报警盘PSC :远台屏蔽门中央控制盘PSD :站台屏蔽门PSL :就地控制盘PSU :电源单元PTI :列车识别系统PVID:永久性车辆标识Permernent Vehicle IdentificationPWD :梯形波调幅RAMS :安全性RCC；远程通信控制器RB :重定位信标RCM :远程通信控制模块RI:纟徒电器扌妾口Relay In terface/Jg 口设备RM:限制人工驾驶RMO :限速模式RTOS :实时操作系统RTU :车站远程终端单元Remote Terminal Un itSAN :存储区域网络SB :脚踏阀、常用闸，行驶制动器Servicebrake/常用制动Service Braking SBD :安全制动距离Safe Braking DistaneeSBO :安全型单断输出RX :接收器RCC;远程通信控制器see :车站控制计算机/车站引导控制计算机SCEG :车站控制器紧急通路SCI :计算机联锁SCR :车站控制室S&D :诊断服务、检修和诊断SD:安全装置SDM :联锁系统维护工作站SDT :站停时间Station Dwell TimeSER :信号设备室SICAS :西门子计算机辅助信号/微机联锁设备SIL :安全完整度等级SIOM :串行输入♦输出模块SISIG :烙断器板SLC :同步环线盒SLM :速度和位置模块SM:列车自动防护驾驶、系统维护台、系统维护模块SMC :系统管理中心SMSS :维护监测子系统SNMP :简单网络管理协议SNOOPER :列车和事件监控器SO :维护操作台S— PC :模拟PC SPDI :瞬间接触开矢SQL :结构化查询语言SIR :安全联锁继电器SRS :运行图STA ;天线STC :车站控制器STEKOP :现场接口计算机STIB :静态列车初始化信标STS :厂家测试成套设备SYN侗步天线TAC;测速电机出来模块TC :轨道区段、轨道电路TCM :轨道编码模块TCP/IP ；远程控制协议/国际协议TD:列车位置检测TDB :线路数据库TDT;列车发车计时器TID :列车输入数据模块例车追踪号Tracking Identification TM :室内控制柜TMT :列车监督和追踪TOD :司机显示盘、列车输出数据模块/司机操作显示单元TR :分线柜/接口设备TRC :列车进路计算机TS :目标速度Target Speed/ 终端服务器Terminal Server TSR :临时限速Temporary Speed RestrictionTTE :时刻表编辑器TTF :时刻表TTT :列车跟踪Train Tracking T .............TU :调谐单元、轨道电路控制单元TVP :轨道空闲处理TWC :车■地通信Traffic Wayside Communication TX :发送器UPS :不间断电源URM :非限制人工驾驶模式VAS :车辆报告系统VCC ；车辆控制中心VCS :车辆通信系统VDI :安全数字输入板VDO ：安全数字输出板VENUS :处理器板中断板VESUV ：同步比较板VHM :车况监视器VICOS :车辆和基础集中控制操作系统V0：表决器模块VoterVOBC :车载计算机、车载控制设备VPI:安全型计算机联锁VR :列车调整Vehicle Regulation VRD :安全继电器驱动器VSC :安全型串行控制器WEEZ Bond :小型调谐阻抗连接变压器WCC :轨旁通信控制器WE；轨旁设备WESTE ：道岔接口模块ZC :区域控制器Zone Controler名称全称中文意义。
plan 翻译
plan 翻译plan翻译是：计划。
用法：计划是指为实现特定目标或完成特定任务而制定的指导性行动方案。
它通常包括目标设定、资源分配、时间安排等内容，能够帮助人们有条不紊地进行工作或实现目标。
双语例句：1. We need to make a plan before starting the project.在开始这个项目之前，我们需要制定一个计划。
2. The company has a strategic plan to expand its market share.公司有一个战略计划，旨在扩大市场份额。
3. I have a detailed plan for my vacation, including places to visit and activities to do.我有一个详细的假期计划，包括要去的地方和要做的活动。
4. It is important to have a backup plan in case things don't go as expected.如果事情出现意外，备用计划非常重要。
5. The government has announced a plan to improve public transportation in the city.政府宣布了一个改善城市公共交通的计划。
6. Our team is working on a marketing plan for the new product launch.我们的团队正在为新产品推出制定市场营销计划。
7. The plan to renovate the office building will start next month.翻新办公楼的计划将于下个月开始。
8. She followed her fitness plan and successfully lost weight.她遵循自己的健身计划，成功地减肥了。
公路工程专业词汇翻译(汉英)
公路highway道路road公路工程highway engineering公路网highway network公路网密度highway density公路等级highway classification公路自然区划climatic zoning for highway公路用地highway right-of-way高速公路freeway等级公路classified highway辅导relief road干线公路arterial highway支线公路feeder highway专用公路accomodation highway国家干线公路(国道) national trunk highway省级干线公路(省道) provincial trunk highway县公路(县道) county road乡公路(乡道) township road辐射式公路radial highway环形公路ring highway绕行公路bypass交通结构traffic structure交通组成traffic composition混合交通mixed traffic交通流traffic flow交通流理论traffic flow theory车流vehicle stream交通密度traffic density车头间距space headway车头时距time headway车间净距vehicular gap延误delay地点速度spot speed行驶速度running speed运行速度poerating speed临界速度critical speed平均速度average speed计算行车速度(设计车速) design speed交通量traffic volume年平均日交通量annual average daily traffic月平均日交通量monthly average daily traffic 年第30位最大小时交通量thirtieth highest annualhourly volume年最大小时交通量maximum annual hourly设计小时交通量design hourly volume通行能力traffic capacity基本通行能力basic traffic capacity可能通行能力possible traffic capacity设计通行能力design traffic capacity 道路服务水平level of service公路交通规划traffic planning交通调查traffic survey交通量调查traffic volume survey交通量观测站traffic volume observationstation起迄点调查(OD调查) origin-destination study出行trip境内交通local traffic过境交通through traffic交通发生traffic generation交通分布traffic distribution交通分配traffic assignment交通预测traffic prognosis行车道carriageway分离式行车道divided carriageway车道lane变速车道speed-change lane加速车道acceleration lane减速车道deceleration lane爬坡车道climbing lane停车道parking lane错车道turn-out lane自行车道cycle path路侧人行道sidewalk分隔带lane seperator中央分隔带median divider中间带central strip路肩shoulder;verge路缘带marginal strip路缘石kerb;curb侧向余宽lateral clearance路拱camber;crown路拱横坡crown slope公路建筑限界clearance of highway公路路线highway route公路线形highway alignment平面线形horizontal alignment纵面线形vertical alignment线形要素alignment elements平曲线horizontal curve极限最小平曲线半径limited minimum radius ofhorizontal curve复曲线compound curve反向曲线reverse curve断背曲线broken-back curve回头曲线switch-back curve缓和曲线transition curve竖曲线vertical curve弯道加宽curve widening加宽缓和段transition zone of curve超高superelevation超高缓和段supere levation runoff纵坡longitudinal gradient最大纵坡maximum longitudinal gradient 最小纵坡minimum ongitudinal gradient 变坡点grade change point平均纵坡average gradiant坡长限制grade length limitation高原纵坡拆减highland grade compensation 缓和坡段transition grading zone合成坡度resultant gradent视距sight distance停车视距non-passing sight distance;stopping sight distance超车视距passing sight distance道路交叉road intersection;道口railroad grade crossing平面交叉at-grade intersection ;grade crossing 正交叉right-angle intersection斜交叉skew intersection环形交叉rotary intersection十字形交叉“+”intersectionT形交叉T intersection错位交叉offset intersection;staggered junction Y形交叉Y intersection立体交叉grade separation分离式立体交叉simple grade separation,separategrade crossing互通式立体交叉interchange首蓿叶形立体交叉full cloverleaf interchange部分首蓿叶形立体交叉cloverleaf interchange菱形立体交叉diamond interchange定向式立体交叉directional interchange喇叭形立体交叉three-leg interchange环形立体交叉rotary interchange匝道ramp交叉口road crossing; intersection交叉口进口intersection entrance交叉口出口intersection exit加铺转角式交叉口intersection with widenedcorners拓宽路口式交叉口flared intersection分道转弯式交叉口channelized intersection渠化交通channelization交织weaving交织路段weaving section合流converging分流diverging冲突点conflict point 交通岛traffic island导流岛channe lization island中心岛central island安全岛refuge island沿线设施roadside facilities交通安全设施traffic safety device人行横道crosswalk人形地道pedestrian underpass人形天桥pedestrian overcrossing 护栏guard fence防护栅guard fence,safety barrier 遮光栅anti-dizzling screen应急电话emergency telephone反光标志reflective sign反光路钮reflective button弯道反光镜traffic mirror道路交通标志road traffic sign警告标志warning sign禁令标志regulatory sign指示标志guide sign指路标志information sign辅助标志auxiliary sign可变信息标志changeable message sign 路面标线pavement marking防雪设施snow protection facilities 防沙设施sands protection facilities 隔音墙acoustic barrier停车场parking area踏勘reconnaissance可行性研究feasibility study线形设计highway alignment design 公路景观设计highway landscape design 选线route selection路线控制点control point定线location比较线alternative line展线line development初测preliminary survey定测location survey地貌topographie fcature地物culture地形topography台地terrace垭口pass; saddle back平原区plain terrain微丘区rolling terrain重丘区hilly terrain山岭区mountainous terrain沿溪线valley line山脊线ridge line山坡线hill-side line越岭线ridge crossing line土方调配cut-fill transition土方调配图cut-fill transition program土方调配经济运距economical hauling distance导线traverse导线测量traverse survey中线center line中线测量center line survey施工测量construction survey竣工测量final survey(路线)平面图plan交点intersection point虚交点imaginary intersection point转点turning point转角intersection angle方位角azimuth angle象限角bearing方向角direction angle切线长tangent length曲线长curve length外（矢）距external secant测站instrument station测点observation point中桩center stake加桩additional stake护桩reference stake断链broken chainage水准测量levelling survey水准点bench mark绝对基面absolute datum高程elevation地面高程ground elevation设计高程designed elevation(路线)纵断面图profile中桩填挖高度cut and fill at center stake地形测量topographic survey基线base line地形图topographic map等高线contour line横断面测量cross-sectional survey横断面图cross-section坑探pit test钻探boring摄影测量photogrammetry航空摄影测量aerial photogrammetry地面立体摄影测量ground stereophoto grammetry 地面控制点测量ground control-point survey 航摄基线aerophoto base影像地图photographic map像片索引图(镶辑复照图) photo index航摄像片判读aerophoto interpretation 综合法测图planimatric photo全能法测图universal photo微分法测图differential photo像片镶嵌图photo mosaic路基subgrade路堤embankment路堑cutting半填半挖式路基part cut-partfill subgrade 台口式路基benched subgrade路基宽度width of subgrade路基设计高程design elevation of subgrade （路基）最小填土高度minimum height of fill边坡side slope边坡坡度grade of side slope（边）坡顶top of slope（边）坡脚toe of slope护坡道berm边坡平台plain stage of slope碎落台berm at the foot of cutting slope 护坡slope protection挡土墙retaining wall重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall横重式挡土墙balance weight retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙cantilever retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙counterfort retaining wall柱板式挡土墙column-plate retaining wall 锚杆式挡土墙anchored retaining wall by tie rods 锚碇板式挡土墙anchored bulkhead retaining wall 石笼rock filled gabion抛石riprap路基排水subgrade drainage边沟side ditch截水沟intercepting ditch排水沟drainage ditch急流槽chute跌水drop water蒸发池evaporation pond盲沟blind drain渗水井seepage well透水路堤permeable embankment过水路面ford填方fill挖方cut借土borrow earth弃土waste取土坑borrow pit弃土堆waste bank回填土back-filling黄土loess软土soft soil淤泥mud泥沼moor泥炭peat盐渍土salty soil膨胀土expansive soil冻土frozen soil流砂quicksand软弱地基soft ground强夯法dynamic consolidation预压法preloading method反压护道loading berm砂井sand drain路基沙垫层sand mat of subgrade压实compaction压实度degree of compaction(标准)最大干容重maximum dry unit weight相对密实度relative density毛细水capillary water土石方爆破blasting crater抛掷爆破blasting for throwing rock爆破漏斗blasting crater松动爆破blasting for loosening rock爆破作用圈acting cire les of blasting路面pavement弹性层状体系理论elastic multilayer theory(回弹)弯沉deflection加州承载比(CBR) California bearing ratio(CBR) 路面宽度width of pavement路槽road trough刚性路面rigid pavement柔性路面flexible pavement路面结构层pavement structure layer面层surface course磨耗层wearing course联结层binder course基层base course垫层bed course隔水层aquitard隔温层thermal insulating course封层seal coat透层prime coat保护层protection course补强层streng thening layer高级路面high type pavement 次高级路面sub-high type pavement中级路面intermediate type pavement 低级路面low type pavement水泥混凝土路面cement concrete pavement沥青路面bituminous pavement沥青混凝土路面bituminous concrete pavement 沥青碎石路面bituminous macadam pavement 沥青贯入碎(砾)石路面bituminous penetrationpavement沥青表面处治bituminous surface treatment 块料路面block pavement石块路面stone block pavement泥结碎石路面clay-bound macadam pavement 水结碎石路面water-bound macadam pavement 级配路面graded aggregate pavement稳定土基层stabilized soil base course工业废渣基层industrial waste base course块石基层telford base层铺法spreading in layers拌和法mixing method厂拌法plant mixing method路拌法road mixing method热拌法hot mixing method冷拌法cold mixing method贯入法penetration method铺砌法pitching method缩缝contraction joint胀缝expansion joint真缝true joint假缝dummy joint横缝transverse joint纵缝longitudinal joint施工缝construction joint传力杆dowel bar拉杆tie bar路面平整度surface evenness路面粗糙度surface roughness路面摩擦系数friction coefficient of pavement 附着力adhesive force水滑现象hydroplaning phenomenon桥梁bridge公路桥highway bridge公铁两用桥highway and rail transit bridge 人形桥pedestrian bridge跨线桥overpass bridge高架桥viaduct永久性桥permanent bridge半永久性桥semi-permanent bridge临时性桥temporary bridge钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concrete bridge预应力混凝土桥prestressed concrete bridge钢桥steel bridge圬工桥masonry bridge木桥timber bridge正交桥right bridge斜交桥skew bridge弯桥curved bridge坡桥bridge on slope斜桥skew bridge正桥right bridge上承式桥deck bridge中承式桥half-through bridge下承式桥through bridge梁桥beam bridge简支梁桥simple supported team bridge 连续梁桥continuous beam bridge悬臂梁桥cantilever beam bridge联合梁桥composite beam bridge板桥slab bridge拱桥arch bridge双曲拱桥two-way curved arch bridge空腹拱桥open spandrel arch bridge实腹拱桥filled spandrel arch bridge系杆拱桥bowstring arch bridge桁架桥truss bridge钢构桥rigid frame bridgeT形钢构桥T-shaped rigid frame bridge连续钢构桥continuous rigid frame bridge 斜腿钢构桥rigid frame bridge with inclinedlegs斜拉桥(斜张桥) cable stayed bridge悬索桥suspension bridge漫水桥submersible bridge浮桥pontoon bridge开启桥movable bridge装配式桥fabricated bridge装拆式钢桥fabricated steel bridge涵洞culvert管涵pipe culvert拱涵arch culvert箱涵box culvert盖板涵slab culvert无压力式涵洞non-pressure culvert压力式涵洞pressure culvert半压力式涵洞partial pressure culvert倒虹吸涵siphon culvert上部结构superstructure主梁main beam 横梁floor beam纵梁longitudinal beam,stringer挂梁suspended beam拱圈arch,ring拱上结构spandrel structure腹拱spandrel arch拱上侧墙spandrel wall桥面系floor system,bridge decking桥面铺装bridge deck pavement伸缩缝expansion and contraction joint 桥面伸缩装置bridge floor expansion andcontraction installation安全带afety belt桥头搭板transition slab at bridge head下部结构substructure桥墩pier墩身pier body墩帽coping盖梁bent cap破冰体ice apron重力式桥墩gravity pier实体桥墩solid pier空心桥墩hollow pier柱式桥墩column pier排架桩墩pile bent pier柔性墩flexible pier制动墩braking pier单向推力墩single direction thrusted pier桥台abutment台身abutment body前墙front wall翼墙wing walls台帽coping锥坡conical slope耳墙wing wallsU形桥台U-shaped abutment八字形桥台flare wing wall abutment一字形桥台head wall abutment,straight abutment 重力式桥台gravity abutment埋置式桥台buried abutment扶壁式桥台counterforted abutment锚锭板式桥台anchored bulkhead abutment 支撑式桥台supported type abutment地基subsoil加固地基consolidated subsoil天然地基natural subsoil基础foundation扩大基础spread foundation沉井基础open caission foundation管柱基础cylindrical shaft foundation桩基础pile poundation桩pile预制桩precast pile就地灌注桩cast-in-place concrete pile摩擦桩friction pile支承桩bearing pile承台bearing platform支座bearing固定支座fixed bearing活动支座expansion bearing索塔cable bent tower索鞍cable saddle调治构造物regulating structure丁坝spur dike顺坝longitudinal dam桥位bridge site桥梁全长total length of bridge主桥main bridge引桥approach span跨径span桥涵计算跨径computed span桥涵净跨径clear span矢跨比rise span ratio计算矢高calculated rise of arch桥下净空clearance of span桥面净空clearance above bridge floor桥梁建筑高度construction height of bridge 荷载load永久荷载permanent load可变荷载variable load偶然荷载accidental load荷载组合loading combinations车辆荷载标准loading standard for design vchicle 设计荷载design load施工荷载construction load梁beam简支梁simple-supported beam连续梁continuous beam悬臂梁cantilever beam板slab拱arch桁架truss刚构rigid frame柱column强度strength刚度stiffness ,rigidity抗裂度crack resistance稳定性stability 位移displacement变形deformation挠度deflection预拱度camber流域catchment basin集水面积runoff area径流runoff水文测验hydrological survey河床river bed河槽river channel主槽main channel边滩side shoal河滩rlood land河床宽度bed width河槽宽度channel width过水断面discharge section水位water level最高(或最低)水位maximum(minimum)water level 通航水位navigable water level设计水位design water level水面比降water surface slope河床比降gradient of river bed湿周weffed perimeter糙率coefficient of roughuess水力半径hydraulic radius水文计算hydrological computation设计流量designed discharge设计流速designed flow velocity行近流速approach velocity洪水调查floor survey洪水频率floor frequency设计洪水频率designed flood frequency潮汐河流tidal river悬移质suspended load推移质bed material load水力计算hydraulic computation水头water head冲刷scour桥下一般冲刷general scour under bridge桥墩(或墩台)局部冲刷local scour near pier自然演变冲刷natural scour冲刷系数coefficient of scouring淤积silting壅水back water流冰ice drift先张法pretensioning method后张法post-tensioning method缆索吊装法erection with cableway悬臂拼装法erection by protrusion悬臂浇筑法cast-in-place cantilever mathod 移动支架逐跨施工法span by span method纵向拖拉法erection by longtitudinal pullingmethod顶推法incremental launching method 转体架桥法construction by swing浮运架桥法erecting by floating顶入法jack-in method围堰cofferdam护筒pile casing隧道tunnel洞门tunnel portal衬砌tunnel lining明洞open cut tunnel围岩surrounding rork隧道建筑限界structural approach limit of runnels 明挖法open cut method矿山法mine tunnelling method盾构法shield tunneling method沉埋法(沉管法) lmmersed tunnel导坑heading隧道支撑tunnel support构件支撑element support喷锚支护lock bolt support with shotcrete 隧道通风tunnel ventilation隧道照明tunnel lighting养护maintenance定期养护periodical maintenance巡回养护patrol maintenance大中修周期maintenance period小修保养routine maintenance中修intermediate maintenance大修heavy maintenance改善工程road inprovement抢修emergency repair of road加固strengthening of structure回砂sand sweeping罩面overlay of pavement路面翻修pavement recapping路向补强pavement strengthening车辙rutting路面搓板surface corrugation路面网裂net-shaped cracking路面龟裂alligator cracking路面碎裂pavement spalling反射裂缝reflection crack路面坑槽pot holes路面冻胀surface frost heave路面沉陷pavement depression 路面滑溜surface slipperiness露骨suiface angularity啃边edge failure泛油bleeding拥包upheaval拱胀blow up错台faulting of slab ends错位slab staggering滑坡slide坍方land slide崩塌collapse碎落debris avalanche沉降settlement沉陷subsidence泥石流mud avalanche(振动)液化liquefaction翻浆frost boiling岩溶karst沙害sand hazard雪害snow hazard水毁washout好路率rate of good road养护质量综合值general tating of maintenancequality路容road appearance路况road condition路况调查road condition survey路政管理rlad administration民工建勤civilian labourers working onpublic project养路费toll of road maintenance养路道班maintenance gang粒料granular material集料(骨料) aggregate矿料mineral aggregate矿粉mineral powder砂sand砾石gravel砂砾sand gravel卵石cobble stone碎石broken stone,crushed stone片石rubble块石block stone料石dressed stone石屑chip工业废渣industrial solid waste结合料binder有机结合料organic binding agent沥青bitumen地沥青asphalt天然沥青natural asphalt石油沥青petroleum asphalt煤沥青coal tar乳化沥青emulsified bitumen氧化沥青oxidized asphalt路用沥青road bitumen无机结合料inorganic binding agent粉煤灰fly ash混合料mixture沥青混合料bituminous mixture沥青混凝土混合料bituminous concrete mixture 沥青碎石混合料bituminous macadam mixture 沥青砂asphalt sand沥青膏asphalt mastic水泥砂浆cement mortar石灰砂浆lime mortar水泥混凝土混合料cement concrete mixture水泥混凝土cement concrete钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete预应力(钢筋)混凝土prestressed concrete早强混凝土early strength concrete干硬性混凝土dry concrete贫混凝土lean concrete轻质混凝土light-wehght concrete纤维混凝土fibrous concrete外掺剂admixture减水剂water reducing agent加气剂air entraining agent早强剂early strength agent缓凝剂retarder钢筋steel bar预应力钢材prestressing steel高强钢丝high tensile steel wire钢铰线stranded steel wire冷拉钢筋cold-stretched steel bar冷拔钢丝cold-drawn steel wire高强螺栓high strength bolt空隙率porosity孔隙比void ratio粒径grain size颗粒组成grain composition细度fineness筛分sieve analysis级配gradation级配曲线grading curve最佳级配optimum gradation含水量water content最佳含水量optimum water content稠度界限consistency limit 液限liquid limit塑限plastic limit缩限shrinkage limit塑性指数plasticity index水泥标号cement mark水泥混凝土标号cement concrete mark水泥混凝土配合比proportioning of cement concrete 水灰比water cement ratio和易性workabillty坍落度slump硬化hardening水硬性hydraulicity气硬性air hardening离析segregation徐变creep老化ageing(沥青)稠度consistency (of bitumen)针入度penetration粘(滞)度viscosity软化点softening point延度ductility闪点flash point溶解度dissolubility热稳性hot stability水稳性water stability油石化asphalt-aggregate ratio含油率bitumen content压碎率rate of crushing磨耗率abrasiveness弹性模量modulus of elasticity回弹模量modulus of resilience劲度(模量) stiffness modulus模量比modulus ratio泊松比poisson’s ratio疲劳试验fatigue test劈裂试验splitting test三轴试验triaxial test击实试验compaction test触探试验cone penetration test弯沉试验deflection test环道试验circular track test承载板试验loading plate test透水性试验perviousness test车辙试验wheel tracking test马歇尔试验Marshall stability test压实度试验compactness test铺砂法sand patch method硬练胶砂强度试验earth-dry mortar strength –test 软练胶砂强度试验plastic mortar strength-test(水泥)安定性试验soundness test(of cement)击实仪compaction test equipment长杆贯入仪penetration test equipment承载板loading plate杠杆完沉仪beam lever deflectometer路面曲率半径测定仪surface-curvature apparatus路面平整度测定仪viameter路面透水度测定仪surface permeameter五轮仪fifth-wheel tester制动仪skiddometer速度检测器speed detector万能试验机universal testing machine三轴(剪切)仪triaxial shear ratiotester加州承载比(CBR)测定仪California bearingratiotester标准筛standard sieves(沥青)针入度仪penetrometer(沥青)粘度仪viscosimeter(沥青)延度仪ductilometer(沥青)软化点仪(环-球法)softening pointtester(ringball method)闪点仪(开口杯式) flash point tester(open cupmethod)马歇尔稳定度仪Marshall stability apparatus (沥青混合料)抽提机bitumen extractor砂浆稠度仪mortar penetration tester坍落度圆锥筒slump cone标准工业粘度计standard concrete consistometer 饱和面干吸水率试模saturated-surface-duiedmoisture retention tester撞击韧度试验机impact toughness machine圆盘耐磨硬度试验机wear hardness machine狄法尔磨耗试验机Deval abrasion testing machine 洛杉矶磨耗试验机Los Angeles abrasiontestingmachine压碎率试模crushing strength tester单斗挖掘机single-bucket excavator推土机bulldozer除根机rootdozer铲运机scraper平地机grader挖沟机trencher耕耘机cultivator松土机ripper松土搅拌机pulvi-mixer稳定土拌和机stabilizer凿岩机rock breaker碎石机stone crusher碎石撒布机stone spreader装载机loader 羊足压路机sheep-foot roller手扶式单轮压路机walk behind single drum蛙式打夯机frog rammer内燃夯实机internal comtustion compactor 铁夯(铁撞柱) tamping iron压路机roller振动压路机vibratory roller沥青加热器asphalt heater沥青泵asphalt pump沥青洒布机asphalt sprayer沥青洒布车asphalt distributor沥青混合料拌和设备asphalt mixing plant沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt paver散装水泥运输车cement deliver truck水泥混凝土混合料拌和设备concrete mixing plant (水泥混凝土混合料)搅拌运输车concrete delivertruck水泥混凝土混合料摊铺机concrete paver振捣器concrete vibrator水泥混凝土混合料整面机concrete finisher真空泵vacuum pump水泥混凝土路面切缝机concrete joint cutter水泥混凝土路面锯缝机concrete saw水泥混凝土路面清缝机concrete joint cleaner水泥混凝土路面填缝机concrete joint sealer水泵pump泥浆泵mud pump张拉钢筋油泵prestressed steel bar drawing oil pump 砂浆泵mortar pump水泥混凝土混合料泵concrete pump钢筋切断机bar shear钢筋冷轧机cold-rolling mill钢筋冷拉机steel stretcher钢筋冷拔机steel bar cold-extrudingmachine钢筋冷镦机steel bar heading press machine 钢筋拉伸机steel extension machine钢筋弯曲机steel bar bender钢筋调直机steel straighten machine对焊机butt welder钻孔机boring machine打桩机pile driver拔桩机pile extractor千斤顶jack张拉预应力钢筋千斤顶prestressed steel bar drawingjack手拉葫芦chain block起重葫芦hoisting block卷扬机hoister缆索吊装设备cableway erecting equipment起重机crane架桥机bridge erection equipment砂筒sand cylinder盾构shield全气压盾构compressed air shield半盾构roof shield隧道掘进机tunnel boring machine全断面隧道掘进机tunnel boring machine for fullcection喷枪shotcrete equipment装碴机mucker盾构千斤顶main jack拉合千斤顶pull-in jacks复拌沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt remixer路面铣削机pavemill回砂车sand sweeping equipment除雪机snow plough装雪机snow loader洗净剂喷布车detergent spray truck清扫车sweeper洒水车water truck划标线机line maker振动筛vibrating screen撒布机spreader输送机conveyer提升机elevator翻斗车dump-body car自卸汽车dumping wagon牵引车tow truck拖车头tractor truck挂车trailer平板车flat truck工程车shop truck万能杆件fabricated universal steel members 交通规划traffic rules交通事故traffic accident交通事故率traffic accident rate人口事故率population accident rate车辆事故率vehicle accident rate运行事故率operating accident rate交通控制traffic control中央控制台central control unit点控制spot control线控制line control面控制area control交通信号traffic signal交通信号灯traffic signal lamp信号周期signal cycle绿信比split ratio 信号相位signal phase相位差phase difference 绿波green wave交通监视系统traffic surveillance 交通公害vehicular pollution。
完整版中专英语单词大全
英语单词大全第一单元：First 第一的；最先的Last 最后的Telephone 电话Number 数字；数量Age 年龄Address 地址E-mail 电子邮件Engineer 工程师Street 街道Company 公司Manager 经理Secretary 秘书Patient 病人Vocational 职业的Nurse 护士Name card 名片Vocational school职业学校第二单元：Repair维修Computer Serve Customer Teach Something 计算机服务顾客教；教书一些事；某些事Yourself你自己Join 加入；参加Club 俱部Ability 能力Application 申Employment 工作；Gender 性Position 位French 法Apply for 申Sales manager 售理In English 用英I ’ d like to⋯⋯我想⋯⋯第三元：Drugstore店Grocery店；食品店Bakery面包店Supermarket商场Quantity数量；量Signature名；字Salesperson售Take拿走Delicious美味的Kilo千克；公斤Item物品；条目Surprise不测；惊诧Need 需要Sauce 酱；调味料Different 不同样的Flavor 口味Price 价格Attractive 吸引人的Dictionary 字典；字典Cell phone 手机Department store 百货公司On sale 特价销售Shopping mall 大型购物中心Shopping list 购物单Unit price 单价第四单元：Snowy Rainy Windy Sunny Australia Cloudy Usually Weather Pleasant Host Guest Welcome 下雪的下雨的刮风的明亮的澳大利亚多云的平常天气令人快乐的主人客人欢迎Party 聚会Without 不⋯⋯；没有⋯⋯Joke 笑Invite 邀Classmate 同班同学Memo 忘Laptop 笔本Foggy 有的Moscow 莫斯科Tokyo 京New YorkActivity 活第五元：Hobby爱好；余好SurveyFly放（筝）；Collect收集Music音Chess国象棋Kite筝FishingStamp票Favorite最喜的Be crazy about⋯⋯十分喜Enjoy喜Hate不喜；憎Exciting令人激动的Boring无聊的Jogging慢跑Painting绘画第六单元：Order Restaurant Menu Juice Waiter Waitress Dish Burger Cheese Salad Cheap Expensive Eat out 点餐饭店菜单果汁男服务员女服务员菜汉堡包（干）奶酪沙拉低价的昂贵的去饭店吃饭第七单元：Volleyball Baseball Badminton Tennis Message Housework 排球棒球羽毛球网球信息家务Poster海报Booklet小册子Volunteer志愿者Information信息Provide供应Translation翻译Service服务Foreign外国的Place摆放；放置Table tennis乒乓球Take a message 留信息；带口信Put out 张贴Hand out 发散Hold on ！稍候Look forward to 希望；希望The Olympic games奥林匹克运动会第八单元：Bank银行Traffic lights交通信号灯；红绿灯Second第二的Turn转弯；转Crossroads十字路口Across穿过Along顺着；沿着Roadside路边Airport机场Subway Probably Museum Surroundings Opposite Past Direction Post office 地铁可能地博物馆周围的事物；环境对面过；晚于方向邮局第九单元：United OnlineFunFan Member Performance Qualification Form Membership Schedule Certificate Experience Pleasure Staff Reduce Stress Flash Excitement联合的；团结的在线的快乐爱好者；粉丝成员表演；演出资格；条件表格成员资格日程表证书；证明体验；经历快乐；快乐职员减少压力动画愉悦；刺激Gain Organization Basic ContactIn line获取组织基本的联系成行；排队第十单元：Forget Understand PassExamDifficult ForeignerLadyLetter Remember Memorize MentionProf/professor Advice Introduce Notebook Steward Passenger Traffic DirectionAsk for direction 忘记理解；理解经过考试困难的发音女士信记得记住提到；提及教授建议介绍笔录本（轮船或飞机上的）服务员乘客交通方向问路Point 要点；论点Finally 最后Reception 款待Reception desk 前台Medicine 药Improve 改进第一单元：Ski 滑雪Mountain 山Beach 海滩Sail 乘帆船航行Skate 滑冰Vacation 假期Wonderful 优秀的Parent 父亲或母亲Trip 出行；旅行Household 家；家庭Amusing 幽默的Career 事业Daily 平常的Return 返回Slip 滑倒Hesitation 迟疑Typical 典型的Housewife 家庭主妇Chore 家庭杂物Volunteer自觉Ham火腿第二单元：Movie InternetGym CartoonPop music BraveSmart Special Relaxing MovingJazzAction film Horror film ComedyTalk show SpendRock music Band Country music RentOrderPreferKeep 电影国际互联网体育馆动画片流行音乐勇敢的灵巧的特其余轻松的；放松的感人的；感人的爵士乐动作电影惧怕电影喜剧脱口秀度过摇滚乐乐队乡村音乐租用订购更喜欢保持第三单元：Creative有创立力的Outgoing友好的；爽快的Confident自信的Assistant助手Typist打字员Cashier出纳员Kindergarten少儿园Interview面试Marketing销售；经销Graduate毕业Communication交流Fluent流利的Applicant申请人；求职人Qualify更拥有资格；更胜任Post张贴Advertisement广告；通知Resume简历As soon as possible尽早；赶忙Leisure悠闲时间Brainstorm集体自由谈论第四单元：Transportation Light rail FerryMeans 交通轻轨渡船方法；手段Comfortable Scenery Convenient Blog Strange Traffic jam Rush hour Workplace Carpooling Assign Loan Vehicle Fare Bargain Access悠闲的；令人愉快的景方便的博客陌生的；奇怪的交通拥堵巅峰工作所合作用分配；予款交通工具；价；价通道；入口第五元：PaleRelaxKeenBe keen on CrazySlimSkipStay up WeightPut on weight （色或肤色）白的放松；休衷的；⋯⋯着迷的⋯⋯ 衷的；爱好⋯⋯沉浸的；狂的苗条的故意略去；跳熬夜重量；体重增加体重Lose weight Coach Advise Under stress Get rid of No longer JogDietBe on a diet减体重教向⋯⋯提出建；提出忠告在力下去除不再慢跑平常食；食食第六元：Stomachache胃痛Toothache牙痛FeverCough咳嗽Runny nose流鼻涕Headache疼Pain难过Appointment定；定Sore难过的Cold感冒Hurt难过；受Exercise运Pill片Symptom症状Temperature温度；体温Clinic所Prescription Blood pressure In shape VariousUpset Diagnose Irritable诊断血压身体健康各样各样的沮丧的；不安的诊断易怒的；急躁的第七单元：BrochureVisit Cash Bathing suit Camera Umbrella Forest Agency Book Suggest Sydney Excellent Fresh Show Opera Entire Wish Hostel 小册子；（关于某地等的）情况介绍手册接见；旅行；参观现金泳衣照相机雨伞森林中介；中介公司预定；预定建议悉尼优秀的；优秀的；优秀的新鲜的；清爽的表演；演出歌剧全部的；完好的想；梦想；祝愿青年酒店Credit card信用卡Backpack背包Window shopping阅读商店橱窗Dull无聊的；无聊的第八单元：Chat 聊天；闲聊Send发送；邮寄Download 下载Search 搜寻；搜寻；搜寻Software 软件Website 网址；网站Register 注册Log out 登出Password 密码Electronic 电子的Host 主持人；楼主Forum 论坛Imagine 想象；想象Technology 工艺；技术Rule 统治；支配Virtual 虚假的e-book 电子书第九单元：Material资料；原料Cotton棉花；棉布Plastic 塑料SteelLeather 皮；皮革Be made of 由⋯⋯制成Medium 中号Take place 生Production Frankly ScarfSort Suddenly Notice Candle Living room Label Screen Mall Fashionable Refrigerator生；品老巾；披肩分；整理突然地注意蜡起居室；志屏幕物中心；商流行的；髦的冰箱第十元：Guide Tourist Design Locate Revolution Pyramid 向；游旅行者；光客；制在⋯⋯置；坐落于革命金字塔Stair（楼梯的）一级Expert专家Keep out（使）留在外面Collection收集；收取；领取Congress国会；代表大会Include包括；含有More than多于Rebuild重建Describe描述Description描述Electricity电第一单元 :Celebrate庆祝delicious美味的dress穿festival节日freeze结冰ghost鬼；幽灵prefer更喜欢share分享be covered with覆盖dress up打扮，穿上盛装hunt for搜寻第二单元：account 账户balance 余额 .结存branch 分行 ;分支check 支票deposit 存款drae 提取exchange 兑换 ;交换fingertip 指尖insert 插入invest 投资overdraft 透支rate. 率sign 签字source (信息和资料 )本源transfer 转帐account number 帐号exchange rate 汇率fill in 填写savings account 存储帐户第三单元 :certificate证书course课程employment受雇encounter而然遇到fee花销financial财政的 .金融的homepage 主impress. ⋯以深刻印象inspire 激励 .激励lecture .座local 当地的offer 供应overcome 战胜overseas 在外国pressure 力register 登schedule 表strongly 定地support 供养 .支持tuition 学tutor 个人教 .application form 申表give up 放弃第四元 :alarmbadly 很 .特别damage 坏detailed 的 .详尽的disappoint 无望guarantee担保( ).保inconvenience 不便incorrectly 不稳定地leafletmark(人或西留下的)明印迹quality量receipt收据refund退 (款等 )replace替shower淋浴wrist手段第五元:assembly line生cooperation合作director主任divide into把⋯ 分成improve步organizepack包装package包 .包裹plastic塑料的practice践seal⋯封口skill技巧 .技术social社会的toy玩具workshopwrap把⋯ 包起来such as比方take part in参加第六单元 :additional 别的的 .附加的advertise. 做广告application 申请apply 申请 .求职appreciate 欣赏 ;感谢available 可用的challenging 拥有挑战性的contact 联系cooperative 合作的 ;协作的experienced 经验丰富的 .有经验的fair 公正的 .公正的full -time. 全职的 (地 )hard -working 努力工作的 ;勤奋的instruction 指示 ;说明书interview 面试major主要的opportunity 机会 ;机会outgoing 好交际的 ;外向的overtime 加班时间part -time兼职的(地)personal 个人的 ;个人的personality 个性 ;性格position 职位resume 个人简历be qualified for能胜任deal with make it want ad 办理获取成功招聘广告第七单元 :aid 帮助 .救援apartment 公寓appoint 任命 .委派caf é咖啡馆 .小餐馆clinic 诊所community 社区 ;集体course 课程educational 教育的equip 装备 ;装备facility 设施 ;装备free 自由的 ;免费的 ;悠闲的function 功能 ;作用grocery 食品杂货店gym 体育馆 ;健身房ideal 理想的improve 改进 ;改进library 图书馆neighborhood 邻居project 项目 ;工程relax 休息 ;放松require 需要 ;规定service 服务similar 相似的adult school 成人学校as well as 和 ;也 ;又be involved in参加community center社区活动中心get used to习惯于have a picnic野餐post office邮局第八单元 :absent-minded不在意的;不以为意的accident事故basic (常用 basica)基本 .要素belong 属于belongings 隶属品 ;物品emergency 紧急情况 ;突发事件exit出口inform 通知 ;见告license 执照management 管理a couple of 两个 ;几个break into 闯进 ;破门而人keep an eye on 留神 .注意make sure 保证 ;保证speed limit 速度限制traffic signs 交通标志第九单元 :Arrangement安排category种类；种类ceremony仪式clothing衣饰committee委员会contest比赛event事件exhibit展览exhibitor参展商international国际的jeans牛仔裤knitwear针织衣饰media媒体press新闻professional专业人员reserve预定seminar商议会sportswear运动装trend趋势casual wear休闲装children's wear儿童衣饰classic men's wear closing ceremony 男士正装谢幕式fashion design contest时装设计比赛fashion designer时装设计师fashion fair 装博会fashion show 装表演International Exhibition Center国展中心opening ceremony开幕式press conference 者款待会women's wear 女生衣饰第十元：Achieve完成；达到Career事Create造Creativity造力EconomyGoal目Master掌握Patience耐心Patient耐心的Reward回；酬Unexpected料想以外的Be sick of⋯.Long term期的；久的。
全新版大学英语综合教程(第二版)第一册课文翻译及课后答案
Ⅰ.Vocabulary1\Alan was always in trouble with the police when he was young but he’s now a respectable married man.2\The people who had been hurt in the car accident lay screaming in agony.在交通事故中受伤的人正躺在地上痛哭的哭叫。
3\Because his condition’s not serious they’v e put his name down on the hospital waiting list因为他的病情并不严重，他们已经把他的名字写在医院的等候名单4\the second part of the book deseribes the strange sequence of events that lead to the King’s fall from power.本书的第二部分介绍了一连串奇怪的事件，导致国王下台的。
5\when I saw my little boy crying bitterly over the death of his pet dog,I could hardly hold back my tears.当我看到我的小男孩的痛苦哭泣超过他的宠物狗的死亡，我几乎控制不住我的眼泪。
6\thery are going to distribute t hose clothes and blan-kets among the flood victims.他们将要分发这些衣服和blan-kets给洪水灾民。
7\lind manage to support herself by working off and on as a waitress.林德管理是不时当服务员来支持自己的工作，。
仁爱英语八年级下册u8知识点
仁爱英语八年级下册u8知识点八年级下册的第八单元是关于“Getting around town（出行）”的。
在这一单元里，我们将会学到一些常用的交通工具和出行方式，以及如何给他人指路的英文表达方式等知识点。
本文将带你一起来了解。
一、交通工具的英文表达1. 大巴车 - bus2. 地铁 - subway/metro3. 汽车 - car4. 的士/出租车 - taxi/cab5. 单车 - bicycle/bike6. 摩托车 - motorcycle7. 火车 - train8. 飞机 - airplane/plane二、如何给他人指路的英文表达方式1. Excuse me, can you tell me how to get to…?（对不起，你能告诉我怎么到……吗？）2. How can I get to…from here?（我从这里怎么去……？）3. It’s on your left/right.（在你的左/右边。
）4. Go straight and turn left/right at the corner.（一直往前走，在拐角处向左/右拐。
）5. I t’s about…miles/kilometers from here.（离这里大概有……英里/千米。
）6. Take the bus/subway/train to…（坐公交车/地铁/火车去……）7. Walk straight for about 10 minutes.（往前走大约10分钟。
）8. You can’t miss it.（你不会错过它的。
）三、其他出行方式的英文表达1. 步行 - by foot/on foot2. 骑车 - by bicycle/by bike3. 搭车 - by car/take a ride4. 骑摩托车 - by motorcycle5. 坐船 - by boat本文简要介绍了仁爱英语八年级下册U8单元的知识点，包括常用交通工具的英文表达、给他人指路的英文表达方式和其他出行方式的英文表达。
英语近义词
一、acute, critical, crucial, urgent——严重的，重要的1.acute a. 剧烈的，严重的;急性的(病)举例：An acute lack of food brought hunger to the Iraqi people.翻译：食品严重缺乏，伊拉克人民正在忍饥挨饿。
2.critical a.意为关键的，表示处于极度缺乏的状态或事件的转折点，与crucial相似。
区别：与crucial的区别在于它对缺乏的或危急的程度有更准确的衡量;还指批判性的，分析性的.举例：It is critical that you study hard for the exam or you will fail it.翻译：为了考好你必须用功学习，否则你会不及格的。
3.crucial a.意为决定性的，紧要关头的，至关重要的，最为笼统，适用于上述两种情况。
举例：Improved consumer confidence is crucial to an economic recovery.翻译：消费者信心的增强对经济的复苏是至关重要的。
4.urgent a.意为紧迫的，急迫的，紧要的，它不强调所指的问题是最重要的，仅强调紧急的状态。
举例：We have an urgent need for help; we are running out of water.翻译：我们急需要帮助，我们的水就快要用光了。
二、adjust, regulate, rectify, amend, convert, alter, modify, transform, vary——调整、改变1.adjust v. 一般指很小的改变或技术性的调整;修理举例：I adjusted the air conditioner to stay cool.翻译：我调节了空调以保持凉爽。
2.regulate v. 指根据规定或需要对某物(机器、钟表等)进行调整或调节，使之准确工作或运行;多含有控制之意。
公路工程专业词汇翻译(汉英)
公路highway道路road公路工程highway engineering公路网highway network公路网密度highway density公路等级highway classification公路自然区划climatic zoning for highway公路用地highway right-of-way高速公路freeway等级公路classified highway辅导relief road干线公路arterial highway支线公路feeder highway专用公路accomodation highway国家干线公路(国道) national trunk highway省级干线公路（省道）provincial trunk highway 县公路（县道) county road乡公路（乡道) township road辐射式公路radial highway环形公路ring highway绕行公路bypass交通结构traffic structure交通组成traffic composition混合交通mixed traffic交通流traffic flow交通流理论traffic flow theory车流vehicle stream交通密度traffic density车头间距space headway车头时距time headway车间净距vehicular gap延误delay地点速度spot speed行驶速度running speed运行速度poerating speed临界速度critical speed平均速度average speed计算行车速度（设计车速）design speed交通量traffic volume年平均日交通量annual average daily traffic月平均日交通量monthly average daily traffic 年第30位最大小时交通量thirtieth highest annualhourly volume年最大小时交通量maximum annual hourly设计小时交通量design hourly volume通行能力traffic capacity基本通行能力basic traffic capacity可能通行能力possible traffic capacity设计通行能力design traffic capacity 道路服务水平level of service公路交通规划traffic planning交通调查traffic survey交通量调查traffic volume survey交通量观测站traffic volume observationstation起迄点调查（OD调查）origin-destination study 出行trip境内交通local traffic过境交通through traffic交通发生traffic generation交通分布traffic distribution交通分配traffic assignment交通预测traffic prognosis行车道carriageway分离式行车道divided carriageway车道lane变速车道speed-change lane加速车道acceleration lane减速车道deceleration lane爬坡车道climbing lane停车道parking lane错车道turn-out lane自行车道cycle path路侧人行道sidewalk分隔带lane seperator中央分隔带median divider中间带central strip路肩shoulder;verge路缘带marginal strip路缘石kerb;curb侧向余宽lateral clearance路拱camber；crown路拱横坡crown slope公路建筑限界clearance of highway公路路线highway route公路线形highway alignment平面线形horizontal alignment纵面线形vertical alignment线形要素alignment elements平曲线horizontal curve极限最小平曲线半径limited minimum radius ofhorizontal curve复曲线compound curve反向曲线reverse curve断背曲线broken—back curve回头曲线switch—back curve缓和曲线transition curve竖曲线vertical curve弯道加宽curve widening加宽缓和段transition zone of curve超高superelevation超高缓和段supere levation runoff纵坡longitudinal gradient最大纵坡maximum longitudinal gradient 最小纵坡minimum ongitudinal gradient 变坡点grade change point平均纵坡average gradiant坡长限制grade length limitation高原纵坡拆减highland grade compensation 缓和坡段transition grading zone合成坡度resultant gradent视距sight distance停车视距non—passing sight distance；stopping sight distance超车视距passing sight distance道路交叉road intersection；道口railroad grade crossing平面交叉at—grade intersection ；grade crossing正交叉right—angle intersection斜交叉skew intersection环形交叉rotary intersection十字形交叉“+”intersectionT形交叉T intersection错位交叉offset intersection；staggered junction Y形交叉Y intersection立体交叉grade separation分离式立体交叉simple grade separation，separate grade crossing互通式立体交叉interchange首蓿叶形立体交叉full cloverleaf interchange部分首蓿叶形立体交叉cloverleaf interchange菱形立体交叉diamond interchange定向式立体交叉directional interchange喇叭形立体交叉three—leg interchange环形立体交叉rotary interchange匝道ramp交叉口road crossing；intersection交叉口进口intersection entrance交叉口出口intersection exit加铺转角式交叉口intersection with widenedcorners拓宽路口式交叉口flared intersection分道转弯式交叉口channelized intersection渠化交通channelization交织weaving交织路段weaving section合流converging分流diverging 冲突点conflict point交通岛traffic island导流岛channe lization island中心岛central island安全岛refuge island沿线设施roadside facilities交通安全设施traffic safety device人行横道crosswalk人形地道pedestrian underpass人形天桥pedestrian overcrossing护栏guard fence防护栅guard fence，safety barrier 遮光栅anti-dizzling screen应急电话emergency telephone反光标志reflective sign反光路钮reflective button弯道反光镜traffic mirror道路交通标志road traffic sign警告标志warning sign禁令标志regulatory sign指示标志guide sign指路标志information sign辅助标志auxiliary sign可变信息标志changeable message sign路面标线pavement marking防雪设施snow protection facilities 防沙设施sands protection facilities 隔音墙acoustic barrier停车场parking area踏勘reconnaissance可行性研究feasibility study线形设计highway alignment design 公路景观设计highway landscape design 选线route selection路线控制点control point定线location比较线alternative line展线line development初测preliminary survey定测location survey地貌topographie fcature地物culture地形topography台地terrace垭口pass; saddle back平原区plain terrain微丘区rolling terrain重丘区hilly terrain山岭区mountainous terrain沿溪线valley line山脊线ridge line山坡线hill—side line越岭线ridge crossing line土方调配cut—fill transition土方调配图cut-fill transition program土方调配经济运距economical hauling distance导线traverse导线测量traverse survey中线center line中线测量center line survey施工测量construction survey竣工测量final survey（路线）平面图plan交点intersection point虚交点imaginary intersection point转点turning point转角intersection angle方位角azimuth angle象限角bearing方向角direction angle切线长tangent length曲线长curve length外（矢）距external secant测站instrument station测点observation point中桩center stake加桩additional stake护桩reference stake断链broken chainage水准测量levelling survey水准点bench mark绝对基面absolute datum高程elevation地面高程ground elevation设计高程designed elevation（路线)纵断面图profile中桩填挖高度cut and fill at center stake地形测量topographic survey基线base line地形图topographic map等高线contour line横断面测量cross—sectional survey横断面图cross-section坑探pit test钻探boring摄影测量photogrammetry航空摄影测量aerial photogrammetry地面立体摄影测量ground stereophoto grammetry 地面控制点测量ground control-point survey航摄基线aerophoto base影像地图photographic map像片索引图（镶辑复照图) photo index航摄像片判读aerophoto interpretation 综合法测图planimatric photo全能法测图universal photo微分法测图differential photo像片镶嵌图photo mosaic路基subgrade路堤embankment路堑cutting半填半挖式路基part cut-partfill subgrade 台口式路基benched subgrade路基宽度width of subgrade路基设计高程design elevation of subgrade (路基）最小填土高度minimum height of fill边坡side slope边坡坡度grade of side slope（边）坡顶top of slope(边）坡脚toe of slope护坡道berm边坡平台plain stage of slope碎落台berm at the foot of cutting slope 护坡slope protection挡土墙retaining wall重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall横重式挡土墙balance weight retaining wall 悬臂式挡土墙cantilever retaining wall扶壁式挡土墙counterfort retaining wall柱板式挡土墙column-plate retaining wall 锚杆式挡土墙anchored retaining wall by tie rods 锚碇板式挡土墙anchored bulkhead retaining wall 石笼rock filled gabion抛石riprap路基排水subgrade drainage边沟side ditch截水沟intercepting ditch排水沟drainage ditch急流槽chute跌水drop water蒸发池evaporation pond盲沟blind drain渗水井seepage well透水路堤permeable embankment过水路面ford填方fill挖方cut借土borrow earth弃土waste取土坑borrow pit弃土堆waste bank回填土back—filling黄土loess软土soft soil淤泥mud泥沼moor泥炭peat盐渍土salty soil膨胀土expansive soil冻土frozen soil流砂quicksand软弱地基soft ground强夯法dynamic consolidation预压法preloading method反压护道loading berm砂井sand drain路基沙垫层sand mat of subgrade压实compaction压实度degree of compaction（标准）最大干容重maximum dry unit weight 相对密实度relative density毛细水capillary water土石方爆破blasting crater抛掷爆破blasting for throwing rock爆破漏斗blasting crater松动爆破blasting for loosening rock爆破作用圈acting cire les of blasting路面pavement弹性层状体系理论elastic multilayer theory(回弹)弯沉deflection加州承载比（CBR）California bearing ratio（CBR) 路面宽度width of pavement路槽road trough刚性路面rigid pavement柔性路面flexible pavement路面结构层pavement structure layer面层surface course磨耗层wearing course联结层binder course基层base course垫层bed course隔水层aquitard隔温层thermal insulating course封层seal coat透层prime coat保护层protection course补强层streng thening layer 高级路面high type pavement次高级路面sub-high type pavement中级路面intermediate type pavement 低级路面low type pavement水泥混凝土路面cement concrete pavement沥青路面bituminous pavement沥青混凝土路面bituminous concrete pavement 沥青碎石路面bituminous macadam pavement 沥青贯入碎(砾）石路面bituminous penetrationpavement沥青表面处治bituminous surface treatment 块料路面block pavement石块路面stone block pavement泥结碎石路面clay-bound macadam pavement 水结碎石路面water-bound macadam pavement 级配路面graded aggregate pavement稳定土基层stabilized soil base course工业废渣基层industrial waste base course块石基层telford base层铺法spreading in layers拌和法mixing method厂拌法plant mixing method路拌法road mixing method热拌法hot mixing method冷拌法cold mixing method贯入法penetration method铺砌法pitching method缩缝contraction joint胀缝expansion joint真缝true joint假缝dummy joint横缝transverse joint纵缝longitudinal joint施工缝construction joint传力杆dowel bar拉杆tie bar路面平整度surface evenness路面粗糙度surface roughness路面摩擦系数friction coefficient of pavement 附着力adhesive force水滑现象hydroplaning phenomenon桥梁bridge公路桥highway bridge公铁两用桥highway and rail transit bridge 人形桥pedestrian bridge跨线桥overpass bridge高架桥viaduct永久性桥permanent bridge半永久性桥semi-permanent bridge临时性桥temporary bridge钢筋混凝土桥reinforced concrete bridge预应力混凝土桥prestressed concrete bridge钢桥steel bridge圬工桥masonry bridge木桥timber bridge正交桥right bridge斜交桥skew bridge弯桥curved bridge坡桥bridge on slope斜桥skew bridge正桥right bridge上承式桥deck bridge中承式桥half—through bridge下承式桥through bridge梁桥beam bridge简支梁桥simple supported team bridge 连续梁桥continuous beam bridge悬臂梁桥cantilever beam bridge联合梁桥composite beam bridge板桥slab bridge拱桥arch bridge双曲拱桥two-way curved arch bridge空腹拱桥open spandrel arch bridge实腹拱桥filled spandrel arch bridge系杆拱桥bowstring arch bridge桁架桥truss bridge钢构桥rigid frame bridgeT形钢构桥T-shaped rigid frame bridge连续钢构桥continuous rigid frame bridge 斜腿钢构桥rigid frame bridge with inclinedlegs斜拉桥(斜张桥) cable stayed bridge悬索桥suspension bridge漫水桥submersible bridge浮桥pontoon bridge开启桥movable bridge装配式桥fabricated bridge装拆式钢桥fabricated steel bridge涵洞culvert管涵pipe culvert拱涵arch culvert箱涵box culvert盖板涵slab culvert无压力式涵洞non-pressure culvert压力式涵洞pressure culvert半压力式涵洞partial pressure culvert倒虹吸涵siphon culvert上部结构superstructure 主梁main beam横梁floor beam纵梁longitudinal beam,stringer挂梁suspended beam拱圈arch,ring拱上结构spandrel structure腹拱spandrel arch拱上侧墙spandrel wall桥面系floor system,bridge decking桥面铺装bridge deck pavement伸缩缝expansion and contraction joint 桥面伸缩装置bridge floor expansion andcontraction installation安全带afety belt桥头搭板transition slab at bridge head下部结构substructure桥墩pier墩身pier body墩帽coping盖梁bent cap破冰体ice apron重力式桥墩gravity pier实体桥墩solid pier空心桥墩hollow pier柱式桥墩column pier排架桩墩pile bent pier柔性墩flexible pier制动墩braking pier单向推力墩single direction thrusted pier桥台abutment台身abutment body前墙front wall翼墙wing walls台帽coping锥坡conical slope耳墙wing wallsU形桥台U—shaped abutment八字形桥台flare wing wall abutment一字形桥台head wall abutment，straight abutment 重力式桥台gravity abutment埋置式桥台buried abutment扶壁式桥台counterforted abutment锚锭板式桥台anchored bulkhead abutment 支撑式桥台supported type abutment地基subsoil加固地基consolidated subsoil天然地基natural subsoil基础foundation扩大基础spread foundation沉井基础open caission foundation管柱基础cylindrical shaft foundation桩基础pile poundation桩pile预制桩precast pile就地灌注桩cast—in-place concrete pile摩擦桩friction pile支承桩bearing pile承台bearing platform支座bearing固定支座fixed bearing活动支座expansion bearing索塔cable bent tower索鞍cable saddle调治构造物regulating structure丁坝spur dike顺坝longitudinal dam桥位bridge site桥梁全长total length of bridge主桥main bridge引桥approach span跨径span桥涵计算跨径computed span桥涵净跨径clear span矢跨比rise span ratio计算矢高calculated rise of arch桥下净空clearance of span桥面净空clearance above bridge floor桥梁建筑高度construction height of bridge 荷载load永久荷载permanent load可变荷载variable load偶然荷载accidental load荷载组合loading combinations车辆荷载标准loading standard for design vchicle 设计荷载design load施工荷载construction load梁beam简支梁simple-supported beam连续梁continuous beam悬臂梁cantilever beam板slab拱arch桁架truss刚构rigid frame柱column强度strength刚度stiffness ，rigidity抗裂度crack resistance 稳定性stability位移displacement变形deformation挠度deflection预拱度camber流域catchment basin集水面积runoff area径流runoff水文测验hydrological survey河床river bed河槽river channel主槽main channel边滩side shoal河滩rlood land河床宽度bed width河槽宽度channel width过水断面discharge section水位water level最高（或最低)水位maximum（minimum)water level通航水位navigable water level设计水位design water level水面比降water surface slope河床比降gradient of river bed湿周weffed perimeter糙率coefficient of roughuess水力半径hydraulic radius水文计算hydrological computation设计流量designed discharge设计流速designed flow velocity行近流速approach velocity洪水调查floor survey洪水频率floor frequency设计洪水频率designed flood frequency潮汐河流tidal river悬移质suspended load推移质bed material load水力计算hydraulic computation水头water head冲刷scour桥下一般冲刷general scour under bridge桥墩（或墩台）局部冲刷local scour near pier自然演变冲刷natural scour冲刷系数coefficient of scouring淤积silting壅水back water流冰ice drift先张法pretensioning method后张法post—tensioning method缆索吊装法erection with cableway悬臂拼装法erection by protrusion悬臂浇筑法cast-in—place cantilever mathod移动支架逐跨施工法span by span method纵向拖拉法erection by longtitudinal pullingmethod顶推法incremental launching method 转体架桥法construction by swing浮运架桥法erecting by floating顶入法jack-in method围堰cofferdam护筒pile casing隧道tunnel洞门tunnel portal衬砌tunnel lining明洞open cut tunnel围岩surrounding rork隧道建筑限界structural approach limit of runnels 明挖法open cut method矿山法mine tunnelling method盾构法shield tunneling method沉埋法(沉管法）lmmersed tunnel导坑heading隧道支撑tunnel support构件支撑element support喷锚支护lock bolt support with shotcrete 隧道通风tunnel ventilation隧道照明tunnel lighting养护maintenance定期养护periodical maintenance巡回养护patrol maintenance大中修周期maintenance period小修保养routine maintenance中修intermediate maintenance大修heavy maintenance改善工程road inprovement抢修emergency repair of road加固strengthening of structure回砂sand sweeping罩面overlay of pavement路面翻修pavement recapping路向补强pavement strengthening车辙rutting路面搓板surface corrugation路面网裂net-shaped cracking路面龟裂alligator cracking路面碎裂pavement spalling反射裂缝reflection crack路面坑槽pot holes 路面冻胀surface frost heave路面沉陷pavement depression路面滑溜surface slipperiness露骨suiface angularity啃边edge failure泛油bleeding拥包upheaval拱胀blow up错台faulting of slab ends错位slab staggering滑坡slide坍方land slide崩塌collapse碎落debris avalanche沉降settlement沉陷subsidence泥石流mud avalanche（振动）液化liquefaction翻浆frost boiling岩溶karst沙害sand hazard雪害snow hazard水毁washout好路率rate of good road养护质量综合值general tating of maintenancequality路容road appearance路况road condition路况调查road condition survey路政管理rlad administration民工建勤civilian labourers working onpublic project养路费toll of road maintenance养路道班maintenance gang粒料granular material集料（骨料）aggregate矿料mineral aggregate矿粉mineral powder砂sand砾石gravel砂砾sand gravel卵石cobble stone碎石broken stone,crushed stone片石rubble块石block stone料石dressed stone石屑chip工业废渣industrial solid waste结合料binder有机结合料organic binding agent沥青bitumen地沥青asphalt天然沥青natural asphalt石油沥青petroleum asphalt煤沥青coal tar乳化沥青emulsified bitumen氧化沥青oxidized asphalt路用沥青road bitumen无机结合料inorganic binding agent粉煤灰fly ash混合料mixture沥青混合料bituminous mixture沥青混凝土混合料bituminous concrete mixture 沥青碎石混合料bituminous macadam mixture 沥青砂asphalt sand沥青膏asphalt mastic水泥砂浆cement mortar石灰砂浆lime mortar水泥混凝土混合料cement concrete mixture水泥混凝土cement concrete钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete预应力(钢筋）混凝土prestressed concrete早强混凝土early strength concrete干硬性混凝土dry concrete贫混凝土lean concrete轻质混凝土light-wehght concrete纤维混凝土fibrous concrete外掺剂admixture减水剂water reducing agent加气剂air entraining agent早强剂early strength agent缓凝剂retarder钢筋steel bar预应力钢材prestressing steel高强钢丝high tensile steel wire钢铰线stranded steel wire冷拉钢筋cold—stretched steel bar冷拔钢丝cold—drawn steel wire高强螺栓high strength bolt空隙率porosity孔隙比void ratio粒径grain size颗粒组成grain composition细度fineness筛分sieve analysis级配gradation级配曲线grading curve最佳级配optimum gradation含水量water content 最佳含水量optimum water content稠度界限consistency limit液限liquid limit塑限plastic limit缩限shrinkage limit塑性指数plasticity index水泥标号cement mark水泥混凝土标号cement concrete mark水泥混凝土配合比proportioning of cement concrete 水灰比water cement ratio和易性workabillty坍落度slump硬化hardening水硬性hydraulicity气硬性air hardening离析segregation徐变creep老化ageing(沥青）稠度consistency (of bitumen)针入度penetration粘(滞）度viscosity软化点softening point延度ductility闪点flash point溶解度dissolubility热稳性hot stability水稳性water stability油石化asphalt-aggregate ratio含油率bitumen content压碎率rate of crushing磨耗率abrasiveness弹性模量modulus of elasticity回弹模量modulus of resilience劲度(模量）stiffness modulus模量比modulus ratio泊松比poisson’s ratio疲劳试验fatigue test劈裂试验splitting test三轴试验triaxial test击实试验compaction test触探试验cone penetration test弯沉试验deflection test环道试验circular track test承载板试验loading plate test透水性试验perviousness test车辙试验wheel tracking test马歇尔试验Marshall stability test压实度试验compactness test铺砂法sand patch method硬练胶砂强度试验earth-dry mortar strength –test 软练胶砂强度试验plastic mortar strength-test （水泥）安定性试验soundness test(of cement)击实仪compaction test equipment长杆贯入仪penetration test equipment承载板loading plate杠杆完沉仪beam lever deflectometer路面曲率半径测定仪surface—curvature apparatus 路面平整度测定仪viameter路面透水度测定仪surface permeameter五轮仪fifth-wheel tester制动仪skiddometer速度检测器speed detector万能试验机universal testing machine三轴（剪切）仪triaxial shear ratiotester加州承载比(CBR）测定仪California bearingratiotester标准筛standard sieves（沥青)针入度仪penetrometer(沥青)粘度仪viscosimeter(沥青)延度仪ductilometer（沥青）软化点仪(环—球法)softening pointtester(ringball method)闪点仪(开口杯式）flash point tester（open cupmethod）马歇尔稳定度仪Marshall stability apparatus （沥青混合料)抽提机bitumen extractor砂浆稠度仪mortar penetration tester坍落度圆锥筒slump cone标准工业粘度计standard concrete consistometer 饱和面干吸水率试模saturated—surface—duiedmoisture retention tester撞击韧度试验机impact toughness machine圆盘耐磨硬度试验机wear hardness machine狄法尔磨耗试验机Deval abrasion testing machine 洛杉矶磨耗试验机Los Angeles abrasiontestingmachine压碎率试模crushing strength tester单斗挖掘机single-bucket excavator推土机bulldozer除根机rootdozer铲运机scraper平地机grader挖沟机trencher耕耘机cultivator松土机ripper松土搅拌机pulvi-mixer稳定土拌和机stabilizer凿岩机rock breaker碎石机stone crusher 碎石撒布机stone spreader装载机loader羊足压路机sheep—foot roller手扶式单轮压路机walk behind single drum蛙式打夯机frog rammer内燃夯实机internal comtustion compactor 铁夯（铁撞柱）tamping iron压路机roller振动压路机vibratory roller沥青加热器asphalt heater沥青泵asphalt pump沥青洒布机asphalt sprayer沥青洒布车asphalt distributor沥青混合料拌和设备asphalt mixing plant沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt paver散装水泥运输车cement deliver truck水泥混凝土混合料拌和设备concrete mixing plant （水泥混凝土混合料)搅拌运输车concrete delivertruck水泥混凝土混合料摊铺机concrete paver振捣器concrete vibrator水泥混凝土混合料整面机concrete finisher真空泵vacuum pump水泥混凝土路面切缝机concrete joint cutter水泥混凝土路面锯缝机concrete saw水泥混凝土路面清缝机concrete joint cleaner水泥混凝土路面填缝机concrete joint sealer水泵pump泥浆泵mud pump张拉钢筋油泵prestressed steel bar drawing oil pump 砂浆泵mortar pump水泥混凝土混合料泵concrete pump钢筋切断机bar shear钢筋冷轧机cold-rolling mill钢筋冷拉机steel stretcher钢筋冷拔机steel bar cold-extrudingmachine钢筋冷镦机steel bar heading press machine 钢筋拉伸机steel extension machine钢筋弯曲机steel bar bender钢筋调直机steel straighten machine对焊机butt welder钻孔机boring machine打桩机pile driver拔桩机pile extractor千斤顶jack张拉预应力钢筋千斤顶prestressed steel bar drawingjack手拉葫芦chain block起重葫芦hoisting block卷扬机hoister缆索吊装设备cableway erecting equipment 起重机crane架桥机bridge erection equipment砂筒sand cylinder盾构shield全气压盾构compressed air shield半盾构roof shield隧道掘进机tunnel boring machine全断面隧道掘进机tunnel boring machine for fullcection喷枪shotcrete equipment装碴机mucker盾构千斤顶main jack拉合千斤顶pull—in jacks复拌沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt remixer路面铣削机pavemill回砂车sand sweeping equipment除雪机snow plough装雪机snow loader洗净剂喷布车detergent spray truck清扫车sweeper洒水车water truck划标线机line maker振动筛vibrating screen撒布机spreader输送机conveyer提升机elevator翻斗车dump-body car自卸汽车dumping wagon牵引车tow truck拖车头tractor truck挂车trailer平板车flat truck工程车shop truck万能杆件fabricated universal steel members 交通规划traffic rules交通事故traffic accident交通事故率traffic accident rate人口事故率population accident rate车辆事故率vehicle accident rate运行事故率operating accident rate交通控制traffic control中央控制台central control unit点控制spot control线控制line control面控制area control交通信号traffic signal交通信号灯traffic signal lamp 信号周期signal cycle绿信比split ratio信号相位signal phase相位差phase difference 绿波green wave交通监视系统traffic surveillance 交通公害vehicular pollution。
汽车机械英语词汇翻译（12）_交通运输英语词汇
车长 vehicle length车宽 vehicle width车高 vehicle height轴距 wheel base轮距 track前轮距 track front后轮距 track rear双胎间距 space between twin wheels前悬 front overhang后悬 rear overhang离地间隙 ground clearance纵向通过角 ramp angle接近角 approach angle离出角 departure angle车架高度 height of chassis above ground驾驶室后车架最大可用长度 maximum usable length of chassis behind cab车身长度 body work length车厢内部最大尺寸 maximum internal dimension of body货厢内长 loading space length货厢有效长度 loading length货厢内宽 loading space width货厢有效内宽 loading width货厢内高 loading space height货厢有效内高 loading height货台高度 loading surface height车架自由长度 frame free length栏板内高 inside board hegiht货厢容积 loading surface门高 door height门宽 door width车架有效长度 chassis frame useful length货厢全长 body length牵引杆长 drawbar length牵引装置的位置 position of towing attachment牵引装置的悬伸 overhang of towing atachment牵引装置的高度 heigth of towing attachment牵引装置牵距 distance of towing attachment牵引座前置距 fifth wheel lead长度计算用牵引座前置距fifth wheel lead for calculation of length质量分配用牵引座前置距fith wheel lead for calculation of mass distribution牵引座结合面高度 height of coupling face牵引装置至车辆前端的距离distance between towing device and front end of towing vehicle牵引叉销至车辆前端的距离distance between jaw and front end of towing vehicle半挂车间隙半径 rear tractor clearance radius of semi-trailer 半挂车前回转半径 front fitting radius of semi trailer车轮垂直行程 vertical clearance of wheel车轮提升高度 lift of wheel转弯半径 turning circle静止半径 static radius碰撞 collision (crash,impact)正碰撞 frontal collision (frontal impact)侧碰撞 side collision (side impact)后碰撞 rear collision (rear impact)擦碰撞 sidewipe collision碰撞方向 collision direction碰撞角度 collision angle倾斜的 oblique (tilt)成角度的 angled纵向的 longitudinal垂直的 perpendicular对中 centered偏置 offset重叠 overlap碰撞轴线排列 collision axis alignment纯正撞 pure frontal impact碰撞位置 impact location碰撞角度 impact angle主要力 principal force主要力方向 direction of principal force (pdof) 交通事故 traffic accident事故原因 accident cause单原因事故 single event accident多原因事故 multiple event accident单车事故 single vehicle accident多车事故 multi vehicle accident死亡和重伤事故 fatal and seevere accidenet 折头 jack-knife翻车 rollover火灾 fire驶离道路 run off the roadway变形 deformation撞车地点 crash site试验场 proving ground试验场地 testing site撞车模拟装置 crash simulation test set-up汽车模拟碰撞滑车试验装置 auto crash simulation test sled 壁障 barrier胶合板 plywood五轮仪法 fifth wheel method第五轮仪 fifth wheel method光电屏障 photoelectric barrier发射器 transmitter接受器 receiver传感器 sensor振荡器 oscillator数字计时器 digital chronometer电磁束栏障 eelctromagnetic beam barrier单轴加速度计 uniaxial accelerometer三轴加速度计 triaxial accelerometer速度测量典型方法 typical methods of velocity measurement 多普勒效应法 doppler effect method运动波 wave in motion视在频率 apparent frequency发射波频率 emitted frequency环境介质 ambient medium电磁波 electromagnetic vaves超短波（厘米波） centimetric waves微波 micrometirc waves激光 laser模拟/数字（ a/d）转换器 analog/digital converter (a/d converter)模拟磁带记录器 analogue magnetic recorder数字式磁带记录器 digital magnetic recorder纸带记录器 paper tape recorder数据处理 data processing滤波 filtering数字化 digitalisation取样频率 sampling frequencies幅值分辨率 amplitude resolution光学数据通道 optical data channel失真指数 distortion index分析系统 analysis system扫描时基系统 time-base ssytem显象率 imaging rate试验标靶 test target电影摄影法 cinematographic procedure 高速电影摄影 high speed cinematorgrphy 高速摄影机 high speed camera胶片分析仪 film analysis system胶片颗粒 grain of the film摄影机 camera长焦距镜头 long focal lengh lenses摄像标志 photographic marks车载摄像机 on-board camera假人 dummy混合型假人 hybrid dummy仿真度 biofidelity hyge滑车架 hyge sled fixture滑车 sled座椅 deceleration sled刚性座椅 rigid seat座椅调节器 seat adjuster上部躯体 upper torso骨盆 pelvis臀部 hip带约束系统 belt restraint ssytem斜挎肩带 shoulder belt (diagonal belt)。
大学生分配生活费英语作文
大学生分配生活费英语作文English: As college students, it is important to effectively allocate our living expenses in order to manage our finances wisely. First and foremost, it is crucial to create a budget outlining our monthly expenses such as rent, groceries, transportation, and entertainment. By monitoring our spending habits and sticking to the budget, we can avoid unnecessary expenses and ensure that we have enough money for essential needs. Additionally, it is advisable to look for discounts and student deals to save money on purchases. Furthermore, taking on part-time jobs or freelance work can provide extra income to cover expenses and build up savings. It is also helpful to prioritize our spending, focusing on necessities rather than luxuries. Overall, by being mindful of our financial situation and making smart choices, college students can effectively allocate their living expenses and achieve financial stability.中文翻译: 作为大学生，有效分配生活费用以明智地管理财务是非常重要的。
大学生活费分配英语作文
大学生活费分配英语作文English:In terms of allocating living expenses in college, it is important to strike a balance between essential needs, academic expenses, and personal leisure. Firstly, it is essential to allocate a portion of the budget towards essential needs such as accommodation, food, and transportation. Without meeting these basic requirements, it would be difficult to focus on academic pursuits. Secondly, allocating funds towards academic expenses is crucial for success in college. This includes purchasing textbooks, stationery, and other educational materials. Additionally, budgeting for academic support services like tutoring or attending conferences can enhance learning opportunities. Lastly, setting aside money for personal leisure is important for maintaining mental wellbeing. College life can be stressful, and engaging in recreational activities such as joining clubs, going to movies, or eating out with friends, can provide a much-needed break and contribute to overall happiness. However, it is vital to strike a balance between personal leisure and academic responsibilities. Overspending on leisure activities can lead to financial strain and a distraction from studies. In conclusion,allocating living expenses in college should prioritize essential needs, allocate funds for academic expenses, and allocate some for personal leisure activities while maintaining a balance between the three.中文翻译:在大学里分配生活费时，平衡必需品、学业开支和个人娱乐之间的关系很重要。
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交通分配方法[帮助翻译]The following are traffic assignment methods encountered in transportation planning practice, all of which are available in TransCAD:All-or-Nothing Assignment (AON)全有全无分配法Under All-or-Nothing Assignment, all traffic flows between O-D pairs are assigned to the shortest paths connecting the origins and destinations. This model is unrealistic in that only one path between every O-D pair is used, even if there is another path with the same or nearly the same travel time or cost. Also, traffic on links is assigned without considering whether or not there is adequate capacity or heavy congestion; travel time is a fixed input and does not vary depending on the congestion on a link.在全有全无分配模型中，OD点之间的交通量全部分配到起讫点之间的最短路上。
这个模型是不切实际的，因为每个OD对的数值只分配到一条路径上，即使存在另外一条时间、成本相同或相近的路线。
同样，交通量分配的时候没有考虑是否有足够的通行能力，即使已经出现严重的拥堵；路线的运行时间为一个输入的固定值，它不因为路线的拥堵而变化。
STOCH AssignmentSTOCH分配法STOCH Assignment distributes trips between O-D pairs among multiple alternative paths that connect the O-D pairs. The proportion of trips that is assigned to a particular path equals the choice probability for that path, which is calculated by a logit route choice model. Generally speaking, the smaller the travel time of a path, compared with the travel times of the other paths, the higher its choice probability would be. STOCH Assignment, however, does not assign trips to all the alternative paths, but only to paths containing links that are considered "reasonable." A reasonable link is one that takes the traveler farther away from the origin and/or closer to the destination. The link travel time in STOCH Assignment is a fixed input and is not dependent on link volume. Consequently, the method is not an equilibrium method.STOCH分配法将交通量分配到OD点对之间的多条路径上。
各条路线的分配比例根据路线的选择概率确定，而此概率用一个logit路线选择模型来计算。
一般而言，运行时间更短的线路被选择的概率就更高。
事实上，STOCH分配模型并不是将交通量分配到所有可供选择的路线上，而只分配到包含“可行路段”的路径上。
一个合理的路段应该让旅行者离起点更远，而且/或者离终点更近。
在STOCH分配模型中，路段运行时间是一个输入的固定值，与交通量无关。
因此，这种方法不是一个平衡的方法。
Incremental Assignment增量分配法Incremental Assignment is a process in which fractions of traffic volumes are assigned in steps. In each step, a fixed proportion of total demand is assigned, based on All-or-Nothing Assignment. After each step, link travel times are recalculated based on link volumes. When there are many increments used, the flows may resemble an equilibrium assignment; however, this method does not yield an equilibrium solution. Consequently, there will be inconsistencies between link volumes and travel times that can lead to errors in evaluation measures. Also, Incremental Assignment is influenced by the order in which volumes for O-D pairs are assigned, raising the possibility of additional bias in the results.增量分配法中交通量是分次分步加载的。
在每一步中，加载一定百分比的交通需求。
单次分配是基于全有全无分配法的。
每加载一次之后，运行时间要根据当前交通量重新计算。
如果加载的次数很多，分配出的结果看起来就像一个平衡分配法；但事实上，这种方法事实上并未产生一个平衡的结果。
因此，交通量和运行时间之间的矛盾就会导致评价指标的误差。
同时，每次分配的OD量的比例将影响增量分配法的结果，这增加了分配结果的误差。
Capacity Restraint容量限制法Capacity Restraint attempts to approximate an equilibrium solution by iterating between all-or-nothing traffic loadings and recalculating link travel times based on a congestion function that reflects link capacity. Unfortunately, this method does not converge and can flip-flop back and forth in the loadings on some links (Sheffi, 1985, p. 113). The capacity restraint method as implemented in some software packages attempts to lessen this problem by smoothing the travel times and by averaging the flows over a set of the last iterations. This method does not converge to an equilibrium solution and has the additional problem that the results are highly dependent on the specific number of iterations run. Performing one more or one less iteration usually changes the results substantially.容量限制法试图产生一个平衡的结果，它是反复的采用全有全无分配，且根据一个反映路段容量的拥堵函数反复的计算路段运行时间。
然而，不幸的是，这种方法不收敛，它会在某些路段上反复加载。
为了减小这个问题，某些软件在应用这种方法的时候，在最后一次迭代中滤去时间因素平均分配交通量。
这种方法不能收敛于一个平衡结果，而且还产生一个附加问题，即分配结果很大程度上依赖于迭代次数。
多一次或者少一次迭代通常都会影响结果。
User Equilibrium (UE)用户平衡法User Equilibrium uses an iterative process to achieve a convergent solution, in which no travelers can improve their travel times by shifting routes. In each iteration, network link flows are computed, which incorporate link capacity restraint effects and flow-dependent travel times. The formulation of the UE problem as a mathematical program, and the Frank-Wolf solution method employed in TransCAD, are described in Technical Notes on Traffic Assignment.用户平衡法采用一个反复的过程来得到一个平衡解，在这种方法中旅行者不能通过改变路线来改变旅行时间。