英语句子成分的分析与理解
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(五)定语
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句
? He is a clever boy. (形容词)
I enjoy working with you. (动名词) Did you write down what he said? (句子)
? 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语.直接宾语指 物或事,间接宾语指人或动物.
? He gave me some books .
↓ 间接 宾语
↓ 直接 宾语
? vt. + sb. + sth.
按句子的结构分为三种:
简单句 (simple sentence) 并列句 (compound sentence) 复合句 (complex sentence)
简单句 (simple sentence)
A.只包含一个主谓结构
Mary opened the door.
B.两个主语和一个谓语
Steve and his friend are coming to dinner.
系动词
1)状态系动词(be动词) 2)持续系动词 keep, rest, remain, stay, stand 3)表像系动词 seem, appear, look 4)感官系动词 feel, smell, sound, taste 5)变化系动词
become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, run. 6)终止系动词 prove, turn out, “证实”,“变成”
(代词)
? She went out in a hurry.
? Four plus four is eight.
(数词)
? To see is to believe.
(不定式)
? Smoking is bad for health.
(动名词)
? The young should respect the old. (名词化的形容词)
and,both…and, not only… but also, neither…nor but,however,while,yet for,so
or,either…or
复合句:主句+从句
主句是一个完整的句子(independent sentence),它可以独立存在。
从句是一个不完整的句子,它必须和一个 主句连用,不能独立存在.
根 状态 love, have, keep, stand, lie
据 动词
词 汇 意 义
动作 持续性(延续性) live, work 动词 终止性(短暂性) die, finish,
come,
分
类
㈠主语( subject )
句子说明的人或事物
说说什么成分作主语
(名词)
? Jane is good at playing the piano.
C.一个主语和两个谓语
Mary opened the door and greeted the guests.
并列句(compound sentence):
把两个或几个简单句
用并列连词连接起来,
则成为一个并列句。
I turned on the TV.
并列句
I watched it.
? I turned on the TV and I
watched it.
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I bought my sister a present.
She didn't like it.
并列句
?I bought my sister a present,but
she didn't like it.
常用并列连词 coordinating conjunctions
? 平行并列连词: ? 转折并列连词: ? 因果并列连词: ? 选择并列连词:
连系动词 be, become, turn, get, go
助动词 do, have, be, will
情态动词 can, may, must
非限定 不定式 to read, to write 动词 -ing形式 doing, reading, writing (语非动谓词)-ed形式 written, walked
请指出该复合句的主句和从句部分。
从句 By the time he arrived,
1 we had already left.
主句
2
动词:限定 实义 不及物动词 lie, work, walk
根据 动词 动词 及物动词 单宾动词 eat
句法 (或行 功能 为动词)
双宾动词 give
分类
复杂动词 make
? What he has said is true.
(句子)
㈡谓语 说明主语的动作、状态和特征
? 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 ? I saw the flag on the top of the hill. ? He looked after two orphans.
(三)宾语
动作的对象或承受者 ——及物动词或介词的宾语
(四)表语 在系动词后的部分就是表语 1. The war was over. 2. They seem to know the truth . 3. I'm not quite myself today. 4. That remains a puzzle. 5. I don't feel at ease .
句子成分
? 句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有 一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不 同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里 一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、 状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、 谓语(predicate )、表语(predicative )、宾语 (object)、定语(attribute )、状语(adverbial ) 和补语 (complement )。
说说什么成分作宾语
Show your passport, please. (名词 ) She didn't say anything. ( 代词) How many do you want? - I want two. (数词) They sent the injured to hospital. (名词化的形容词 ) They asked to see my passport. (不定式)