2017届高考英语短文改错常见错误例析

2017届高考英语短文改错常见错误例析短文改错考查同学们发现、判断、纠正文章错误的能力。短文改错的文章多采用记叙文，其长度通常在90～120词之间；语言浅显易懂，基本上不涉及生僻的语言现象和复杂的语句结构。

短文改错主要考查冠词、名词、代词、形容词、副词、动词时态、非谓语动词、连词、介词等。

1.名词

名词是短文改错的重点考查内容，其考点主要涉及名词单复数、名词所有格、名词与形容词等词形的转化等。

【考例1】My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest. (2016全国卷I)

【答案及解析】honest → honesty。分析句子结构可知，从句中的主语为the key，表语应为honest 的名词形式。句意：我叔叔告诉我他成功的关键是诚实守信。

【考例2】If we go on a trip abroad,we can broaden our view and gain knowledges we cannot get from books. (2016全国卷II)

【答案及解析】knowledges → knowledge。knowledge是不可数名词，没有复数。

【考例3】The teenage year from 13 to19 were the most difficult time for me. (2016全国卷III) 【答案及解析】year → years。根据谓语动词were可知，名词year应用复数形式。

2. 冠词

冠词是短文改错中的高频考点，其主要涉及冠词的缺失、冠词滥用、定冠词(the)和不定冠词(a, an)的混用。

【考例1】My uncle says that he never dreams of becoming rich in the short period of time. (2016全国卷I)

【答案及解析】the→a。句意：我叔叔说他从未想过短时间内致富。此处period为泛指，故应用不定冠词a。

【考例2】But in that case, we will learn little about world. (2016全国卷II)

【答案及解析】about后加the。在英语中，定冠词the表示特指，本句中用the修饰world，特指“这个世界”。

【考例3】Every time he arrived home at end of the day, we’d greet him at the door. (2016浙江) 【答案及解析】在end前加the。at the end of 为固定搭配，意为“在……结束的时候”。

3.代词

代词的考查灵活多样，其涉及的考点有人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、不定代词、指示代词、疑问代词等。

【考例1】Instead, he hopes that ourbusiness will grow steadily. (2016全国卷I)

【答案及解析】our→ his。此处讲的是叔叔的生意。

【考例2】The summer holiday iscoming. My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.(2016全国卷II)

【答案及解析】how → what。“疑问词+ to do”在本句中作talk about的宾语。

【考例3】At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help. (2016全国卷III)

【答案及解析】need前加I。whenever从句中缺少主语I。

4.形容词和副词

形容词和副词是短文改错的重点考查内容。同学们在做题时要注意判断形容词或副词是否混用，是否存在比较级和最高级。

【考例1】Instead, he hopes that his business will grow steady. (2016全国卷I )

【答案及解析】steady → steadily。grow是动词，此处修饰动词，说明发展的情况，故用副词形式。

【考例2】They were also the best and worse years in my life. (2016全国卷III )

【答案及解析】worse → worst。与前面的the best保持一致，故用最高级。

【考例3】At one time, I even felt my parents couldn’t understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. (2016全国卷III)

【答案及解析】freely→ free。作系动词be的表语，应用形容词形式。

5.动词时态

动词时态主要涉及特定语境中时态的使用。同学们做这类题目时，要从文章整体来把握时态，注意时态一致。

【考例1】Some people even had to wait outside. (2016全国卷I)

【答案及解析】had→ have。根据上下文可知，整篇文章描述的是一般性情况，应用一般现在时。【考例2】I thought that it is a good idea. (全国卷II 2016)

【答案及解析】thought → think。本文介绍我和同学们商量暑假旅游的事情，全文以一般现在时为主，故此处用think。

6.动词语态

做这类题目时，同学们要注意谓语动词与主语之间的逻辑关系。

【考例】Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking. (2016全国卷I )

【答案及解析】using → used。句意：每天他都确保做饭用新鲜蔬菜和高品质的油。句中fresh vegetables and high quality oil与use之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。

7.主谓一致

注意句子主语与谓语在数上保持一致。

【考例】He would ask who we was and pretend not to know us. (2016浙江)

【答案及解析】was→were。根据句中的we可判断谓语动词用were。

8.非谓语动词

非谓语动词涉及的考点有以下三类：