4-现在完成时中延续性动词的用法
现在完成时 延续性动词
（1）现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.I have spent all of my money.(现在我没有钱花了.)Jane has laid the table.(现在桌子已经摆好了.)Michael has been ill.(现在仍然很虚弱)He has returned from abroad. (现在已在此地)（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.①for+时段为。
时间②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）③since+时段+ago④since+从句（过去时）●⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.●注：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose……）不能直接与for since 连用。
要改变动词come/arrive/reach/get to-----be ingo out----be outfinish----be overopen----be opendie----be deadBuy---haveFall ill---be illCome back---be backPut on ---be on/wearWorry---be worriedCatch a cold---have a cold………………★1.have代替buyMy brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.★2、用keep或have代替borrowI have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.★3、用be替代becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher?★4、用have a cold代替catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.★5、用wear代替put onb)用“be＋形容词”代终止性动词1、be＋married代marry2、be＋ill代fall (get) ill3、be＋dead代die4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep5、be＋awake代wake/wake up6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave7、be＋open代open 8、be closed代close/shut9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代losec)用“be＋副词”代终止性动词1“be＋on”代start,begin2“be＋up”代get up3“be＋back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go(arrive,reach,get) there等等d)用“be＋介词短语”代终止性动词1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to2.用be in the army 代替join the army3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to编辑本段常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.→have been in sw./at…相应的介词2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back3. have come/gone out →have been out4. have become → have been5. have closed / opened→ have been closed/opened6. have got up → have been up；7. have died → have been dead；8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep → have been asleep；10. have finished/ended/completed → have been over；11. havemarried → have been ma rried；12. have started/begun to do sth. → have done sth. ；13. have begun → have been on14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had15. have lost → haven’t had16. have put on →have worn17. have caught /get a cold → have had a cold；18. have got to know → have known19. have/has gone to → have been in20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army→have been a member of/ have been in/have been the Party’s member/the league member/the soldier…编辑本段用法注意： 1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for,since连用.2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently,still, lately 等:He has already obtained a scholarship.I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet ?3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等:Have you ever been to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.George has met that gentleman on several occasions.4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, thismorning/week/month/year, just, today, up to present, so far等: Peter has written six papers so far.Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.Up to the present everything has been successful.5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.We have had four texts this semester.6.现在完成时的"完成用法"现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。
现在完成时延续性动词与非延续(瞬间性)动词
• It began to rain at eight yesterday morning .(正)又如：
• -When did you get to know Jack?
• -Two years ago.
•Then you've known each other for more th an two years.
• 一、延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。 表示时间段的短语有:
• for+一段时间,如：for 2 years，for a long time; since从句, 如：since he came here;
• since+时间点名词, 如：since last year, since 5 days ago; how long等。
• 2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时 间"状语连用。如： It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误 ) rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示"点时间 "，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示 一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get 等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为
• 如：for 3 years，since he came here，how long，ect.且看下面三个错误句子：
• 1)Jim has come here for five years.
• 2)He has died for 3 years.
• 否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状 语连用。
eg. I bought the book 5 days ago. I have had the book for 5 days.
现在完成时延续性动词
现在完成时延续性动词延续性动词表示行为或过程能持久地继续下去或能产生持久的影响。
这类动词有：contain，have，hold， lie，live，make，sit，rain，sleep，stand，study，wait， wear，work等。
此外，表示状态、感情、思维等动词，如：believe，consider，hate，hope，know，like，love，respect，think，understand，wish等也属延续性动词。
要表示状态和延续性动作时必须要用延续性动词。
如：错：This book has been put on the desk for a week. 对：This book has been lying on the desk for a week. 这本书已经在桌子上放一个星期了。
错：Men put on suits when they atten d meetings. 对：Men wear suits when they atten d meetings. 男人在开会的时候穿西装。
非延续性动词表示行为或过程是短暂的或瞬时间完成的。
这类动词有add，admit，answer，arrive，ask， attack，begin，break，bring，buy，catch ，close，come， die，discover，fall，do，leave ，open，put on，sell， start，stay，stop，retur n，take off等。
要表示非延续性动作时必须用非延续性动词，不可用延续性动词。
如：错：When did she know my e-mall address?对：When did she get to know my e-mail address? 她什么时候知道我的e-mail地址？●延续性动词如果要表示瞬时的动作，则需借助come， begin，get等一时性动词。
现在完成时 延续动词
It’s +time
since +过去式
6.The Green Family moved to France two years ago. （同上） since It’s two years________ ______ the Green family moved to France.
7. The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. （同上） since the bus It’s ten minutes ______ ______ arrived here
句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时， 不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时 （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
(是团员的状态可持续)
一、选择填空
( C )1.Jim's been to the Great wall before , __________he? (A)isn't (B)wasn't (C)hasn't (D)doesn't ( A )2.She's never been to England, ______ (A)has (B)hasn't (C)isn't (D)is ( A )3._____has Hanmei been in the library. (A)How long (B)How soon (C)How far (D)How often
现在完成时延续性与暂短性动词用法
现在完成时（短暂性动词与延续性动词）的用法基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）（1））现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系, 也就是说,动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.I have spent all of my money.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Jane has laid the table.含( 义是:现在桌子已经摆好了.)Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)He has returned from abroad. 含(义是:现在已在此地)（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be 动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since 1998.注（超重要）：瞬间动词（buy,die,join,lose ）不能直接与for since 连用。
要改变动词come-be go out-be out finish-be over open-be opendie-be dead1.have 代替buyMy brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.2、用keep或have 代替borrowI have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.3、用be 替代becomeHow long has your sister been a teacher?4、用have a cold代替catch a coldTom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.5、用wear 代替put onb)用“b＋e 形容词”代终止性动词1、be＋married 代marry2、be＋ill 代fall (get) ill3、be＋dead代die4、be＋asleep代fall (get) asleep5、be＋awake代wake/wake up6、be＋gone代lose,die,sell,leave7、be＋open 代open8、be closed代close/shut9、be＋missing(gone,lost)代losec)用“b＋e 副词”代终止性动词1“b＋e 2“b＋e on”代start,begin up”代get up3“b＋e back(to) 代”return to,come back to,go back to4“be here (there代) co”m e(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等d)用“b＋e 介词短语”代终止性动词1. “be in/at地+点”代替go to /come to2.用be in the army 代替join the army3. “be in/at地+点”代替move to常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.→have been in sw./at 相应的介词2. have come/gone back/returned → have been back3. have come/gone out →h e a e v n e o b u t4. have become → have been5. have closed / opened → have been close/open6. have got up →have be；e n up7. have died →have been；dead8. have left sw. → have been away from sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep →have；been asleep10. have finished/ended/completed →have b；een over11. Have married →have been ma；rried12. have started/begun to do sth. →have；done sth.13. have begun → have been on14. have borrowed/bought →have kept/had15. have lost → haven ’t had16. have put on →have worn17. have caught /get a cold →have h；ad a cold18. have got to know → have known19. have/has gone to → have been in20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army→have been a member of/ have been in/havbeeen the Party ’s member/the league member/the soldier注意： 1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，(如表示过去的时间状语）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for,since 连用.2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already（肯定）, yet（否定，疑问）, just, before, recently,still, lately 等:He has already obtained得(到获得) a scholarship(奖学金).I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).We have seen that film before.Have they found the missing child yet ?3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice等:Have you ever been to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, these days/weeks/months/years, this morning/week/month/year, just, today, so f a等r : Peter has written six papers so far.There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year.5. 现在完成时的" 完成用法"现在完成时的" 完成用法" 指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。
延续性与非延续性动词在现在完成时态中的使用
延续性与非延续性动词在现在完成时态中的使用
延续性动词和非延续性动词在现在完成时态中的使用有一些区别。
1.延续性动词：
延续性动词表示持续的动作或状态，常见的有live（住）、work
（工作）、study（学习）、wait（等待）等。
在现在完成时态中，延续
性动词通常用来表示一个动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并且可能
会继续下去。
例如：
- I have lived in this city for 10 years.（我在这个城市住了
10年了。
）
2.非延续性动词：
非延续性动词表示瞬间动作或不可数的状态，常见的有arrive（到达）、die（死亡）、finish（完成）、know（知道）等。
在现在完成时
态中，非延续性动词通常用来表示一个动作已经完成或一个状态已经发生，没有持续的时间。
例如：
- She has arrived at the airport.（她已经到达了机场。
）
- The project has finished.（项目已经完成了。
）
- I have known him since childhood.（我从小就认识他了。
）
需要注意的是，有些动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词，根据上下文来决定其使用方式。
比如，动词sleep（睡觉）可以是延
续性动词，表示持续的睡眠状态，也可以是非延续性动词，表示一次性的睡眠动作。
现在完成时用法——持续性用法
现在完成时用法——持续性用法现在完成时用法——持续性用法-—持续性用法（肯定句，疑问句中谓语动词必须是延续性动词）：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
此时常与“for＋一段时间或“since＋过去的点时间或从句(从句用一般过去时)以及so far（到目前为止）等时间状语连用。
for + 段时间since +点时间实例:1)I've lived here since 1990．自从1990年以来我就住在这里。
= I’ve lived here since 13 years ag o。
= I’ve lived here for 13 years。
= It is 13 years since I began to live here.2)I haven’t seen him for three years．我三年没有看见他了。
= I haven’t seen him since three years ago.= It is 3 years since I saw him last time。
3)Mr Wang has worked in the factory since he came to the city ．自从到这个城市以来，王先生一直在这家工厂工作。
4)She’s been at this school since five years ago．自从五年前以来她就在这个学校.注意：①在这类句子的肯定句和疑问句中谓语动词必须用延续性动词。
短暂性动词由于动作不能持续，故不能与for（达到；累计）或since（自从。
到现在）引出的时间状语连用。
②对for和since引导的时间状语提问要用How long1）他入团两年了。
误：He has joined the League for two years．正：He has been a League member for two years．2）我买这辆自行车三年了。
延续性动词与非延续性动词在现在完成时中的运用
表示动作对现在的影响或结果
总结词
非延续性动词的现在完成时可以用来描述某个动作对现在的影响或结果。
详细描述
通过使用非延续性动词的现在完成时，可以强调某个动作所导致的当前状态或结果。例如，“She has left her keys at home”（她把钥匙忘在家里了）。
表示动作发生的频率或习惯性行为
museum once."中，"visited"是一个非延续性动词，强调参观博物馆这个动作只发生 了一次。
05
常见错误及注意事项
混淆延续性动词与非延续性动词的用法要点一总结词要点二
详细描述
在现在完成时中，动词的时态需要根据动作发生的时间和 持续时间进行判断，延续性动词和非延续性动词的使用有 不同的规则。
特点
动作或状态在一段时间内不断进行或持续，强调动作的持续性。
例句
I have lived in this city for 10 years. (我住在这个城市已经10年 了。)
非延续性动词
定义
非延续性动词表示的是一个动作的瞬间完成 ，不能持续，如“arrive”、“die”、 “finish”等。
使用延续性动词的现在完成时可以表示某个动作或状态从过去 某个时间点开始一直持续到现在，强调动作或状态的持续性。
详细描述
例如，“He has been working as a doctor for the past ten years.” （他过去十年一直在当医生。）这 句话表示“当医生”这个动作从十 年前开始一直持续到现在。
忽略时间状语对动词时态的影响
总结词
时间状语在句子中起到限定动作发生时间的 作用，对于判断动词时态非常重要。
现在完成时中瞬间动词变延续性动词总结
现在完成时中瞬间动词变延续性动词总结现在完成时是英语中一种重要的时态形式，用于表示过去发生的动作或事件对现在造成的影响或结果。
在现在完成时中，有两类常见的动词形式，即瞬间动词与延续性动词。
本文旨在总结现在完成时中瞬间动词如何变成延续性动词的规则和特点。
1. 延续性动词的定义：延续性动词表示一个动作或状态在时间上的延续，通常与时间段、频率或者持续性相联系。
例如：live（居住），work（工作），study（学习）等。
2. 瞬间动词的定义：瞬间动词表示一个动作或状态在时间上的瞬间发生，通常没有延续性。
例如：arrive（到达），finish（完成），buy （购买）等。
现在完成时中，将瞬间动词转变为延续性动词的方法如下：1. 加入持续性的时间状语：通过加入表示时间段的状语来表达动作的延续性。
例如：- He has been living in London for three years.（他已经在伦敦居住三年了。
）- She has been studying English since last month.（她从上个月开始一直在学习英语。
）2. 加入频率状语：通过加入表示动作频率的状语来表达延续性。
例如：- They have been playing tennis every weekend.（他们每个周末都在打网球。
）- I have been working out at the gym twice a week.（我每周在健身房锻炼两次。
）3. 加入表示动作状态的状语：通过加入表示动作状态的状语来表达延续性。
例如：- The team has been practicing hard for the upcoming tournament.（这个团队一直在为即将到来的比赛进行努力训练。
）- She has been studying diligently for her exams.（她为了考试一直努力学习。
现在完成时中瞬间动词变延续性动词总结
现在完成时中瞬间动词变延续性动词总结在现代汉语中，现在完成时是表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响的一种时态。
而在现在完成时中，瞬间动词和延续性动词的用法有所不同。
本文将从理论和实践两个方面，对现在完成时中瞬间动词变延续性动词进行总结。
一、现在完成时的构成现在完成时由“助动词have/has + 过去分词”构成。
例如：I have seen that movie.(我已经看过那部电影了。
)二、瞬间动词变延续性动词1. 瞬间动词变成延续性动词的方法在现在完成时中，瞬间动词变为延续性动词的方法主要是通过加上“-ing”后缀。
例如：come -> coming;go -> going;see -> seeing等。
这种变化使得原本表示瞬间动作的动词变成了表示持续性动作的动词。
2. 延续性动词的使用场合延续性动词表示的动作在时间上没有明确的结束点，通常是持续性的。
在现在完成时中，延续性动词的使用场合主要包括以下几种：(1)表示一个长时间内一直在进行的动作。
例如：I have been studying English for 5 years.(我已经学习英语5年了。
)(2)表示一个习惯性的动作或者状态。
例如：She has been playing the piano since she was a child.(她从小就一直在弹钢琴。
)(3)表示一个与现在有关联的动作或状态。
例如：He has been living in this city for 3 years.(他已经在这个城市生活了3年了。
)三、结论现在完成时中瞬间动词变延续性动词是一种常见的语法现象。
通过掌握这种现象，我们可以更好地理解和使用现在完成时这一时态。
这也有助于我们提高自己的语言表达能力，使我们的语言更加地规范和准确。
现在完成时之延续性动词与终止性动词延续性动词
现在完成时之现在完成时之现在完成时之现在完成时之延续性动词与终止性动词延续性动词与终止性动词延续性动词与终止性动词延续性动词与终止性动词动词按其动作发生的方式，动作发生过程的长短，分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
延续性动词表示的动词是一种延续的动作，这种动词可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。
如：learn，work，stand，lie，know，walk，keep， have，wait，watch，sing，read，sleep，live终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词，表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生立即结束，产生某种结果。
在有了某种结果之后，就不能再继续下去。
如：leave，start，set out，arrive，reach，get to，begin， stop，shut，turn off，marry，put，put on，get up，wake，fall，join，receive， finish，end，complete，become，come，go，die，close，open，break，give， jump，buy，borrow等。
1．终止性动词的用法1）终止性动词可用来表示某一动作的完成，因此可用于现在完成时。
如： The plane has arrived飞机到了。
I have finished my homework．我已完成了作业。
2）终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续，所以其现在完成时（只限于肯定式）不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。
如：①他死了三年了。
误：He has died for three years．②他来这儿三个月了。
误：he has come here for three months．①②两句中的动词die和come都为终止性动词，它们可用于完成时，但不能同表示一段时间的状语for three years ／months连用。
那这两句如何译成英语呢？我们可采用下列方法：A．用能够表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词。
现在完成时的延续性动词与非延续性动词
现在完成时的延续性动词与非延续性动词动词可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词（也称短暂性或瞬间动词），取决于动作发生的方式和过程的长短。
延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用，如“for”加一段时间，比如“for2 years”，或者“since”加从句或过去时间点，比如“since he came here”或“since last year”、“since 5 days ago”。
非延续性动词表示不能延续的动作，一旦发生就立即结束。
在现在完成时的肯定句中，短暂性动词不能与表示时间段的“for”短语、since短语或从句连用，也不能与表示时间段的how long引起的疑问句连用。
例如，不能说“I have bought the book for 2 weeks”，而应该说“I have bought the book”，或者“I have had the book for two weeks”。
同样地，不能说“I have bought the book since twowee ks ago”或“I have bought the book two weeks ago”。
对于非延续性动词，可以使用其他方式表达。
比如，“The old man died 4 years ago”可以改为“The old man has been deadfor 4 years”、“It is/has been 4 years since the old man died”或“Four years has passed since the old man died”。
有时候，可以将短暂性动词转换为延续性动词。
例如，“go(to)/come(to)/XXX”可以改为“XXX”，“return/go back/come back”可以改为“be back”。
举个例子，可以说“XXX minutes ago”或“He has been in Beijing for ten minutes”；“My sister XXX”可以改为“My sister has been an engineer since 2005”。
现在完成时的持续型用法
现在完成时的持续型用法现在完成时还可表示过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的动作或状态，该用法中的动词多是延续性动词，常见的时态标志词有since和 for。
1. since意为“自从……以来”，它既可作介词，也可作连词。
作介词时，后接表示过去的时间点，表示某事开始的时间；作连词时，引导时间状语从句，从句常用一般过去时。
如：Mr. Miller has lived here since five years ago.（since+时间段+ago）I have had the dictionary since I was ten.(since+“一般过去时”)2. for作介词，后接一段时间，表示一个动作或一种状态已经持续了多长时间。
如：Miss Green has taught in the village for three years.Kate has been here for two hours.注意：1. 对since和 for引导的时间状语提问时，常用how long。
如：I have worked here for two years. (对划线部分提问)How long have you worked here?2. 在现在完成时中，含有for和since的句子可以相互转换。
如：Mary has been in Beijing for two days.（for+时间段）=Mary has been in Beijing since two days ago.（since+时间段+ago）3. 在现在完成时中，表示短暂意义的动词(如come和see)在肯定句和一般疑问句中不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，但在否定句中是可以的。
如：Bill has come here for an hour. (×)I haven’t seen Kate for three years. (√)4. It has been / It’s +时间段+since从句(一般过去时). 表示:“自从……以来，有多长时间了。
现在完成时之延续性动词与终止性动词延续性动词
现在完成时之延续性动词与终止性动词延续性动词现在完成时之现在完成时之现在完成时之现在完成时之延续性动词与终止性动词延续性动词与终止性动词延续性动词与终止性动词延续性动词与终止性动词动词按其动作发生的方式，动作发生过程的长短，分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
延续性动词表示的动词是一种延续的动作，这种动词可以延续下去或产生持久的影响。
如：learn，work，stand，lie，know，walk，keep， have，wait，watch，sing，read，sleep，live终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词，表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生立即结束，产生某种结果。
在有了某种结果之后，就不能再继续下去。
如：leave，start，set out，arrive，reach，get to，begin， stop，shut，turn off，marry，put，put on，get up，wake，fall，join，receive， finish，end，complete，become，come，go，die，close，open，break，give， jump，buy，borrow等。
1．终止性动词的用法1）终止性动词可用来表示某一动作的完成，因此可用于现在完成时。
如： The plane has arrived飞机到了。
I have finished my homework．我已完成了作业。
2）终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续，所以其现在完成时（只限于肯定式）不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。
如：①他死了三年了。
误：He has died for three years．②他来这儿三个月了。
误：he has come here for three months．①②两句中的动词die和come都为终止性动词，它们可用于完成时，但不能同表示一段时间的状语for three years ／months连用。
(完整版)现在完成时之短暂性动词与延续性动词用法
短暂性动词,延续性动词zai现在完成时中的应用短暂性动词,延续性动词和现在完成时短暂性动词是指动作一旦发生就立即结束.它不能和一段时间连用.这类动词有：go,come,arrive,leave,begin,start,join,marry等；短暂性动词的肯定式不能与表示一段时间的for或since或how long等状语连用.例如：His father got ill.I have received his letter.但是,不可以说：His father got ill for a week.I have received his letter for three days.在否定句中,短暂性动词可以和表示一段时间的状语连用.例如：We haven’t heard from Jane for a long time.I suppose something must have happened to her.延续性动词是指动作发生后还可以延续一段时间或者相当长的一段时间.如：live,work,study,learn,sleep等,延续性动词可以和表示一段的时间状语连用.值得注意的是,表示一段时间的状语除了“for+一段时间”外,还有since+n./从句（时间点）,since+时间段+ago,疑问词how long,in the past+时间段,all these+时间段,from…to（时间点）以及till/until+n./句子等等.例如：How long _______ your brother joined the army?A.hasB.hadC.is it sinceD.was there that通过审题,答案B和D很容易被排除,但是稍不注意便会选中答案A；殊不知how long 为一段时间的状语,不能与非延续性动词短语has joined连用,所以这题的正确答案是C.另外,动词的延续性与非延续性还体现在这两种句型中：延续性动词的肯定式+till/ until 短暂性动词的否定式+till/ until请看例句：We waited until he came.I didn’t go to bed until my father came back home last night.如果短暂性动词与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,必须将短暂性动词改为延续性动词.现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：arrive→be here begin(start)→be on die →be dead come back→be back leave →be away (from) fall ill(sick,asleep)→be ill(sick,asleep) get up→be up go out →be out finish →be over put on →wear 或be on open →be open join →be in或be a member of…close →be closed go to school→be a student borrow →keep buy/get →have catch(a cold)→have(a cold) get to know →know begin to study→study come to work→work move to →live in finish/end →be over come to →be in sit down →be seated marry →be married dress →be dressed等如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了.His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了.The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了.We have studied English for three years.我们（开始）学英语已三年了.How long can I keep this book?这本书我可以借多长时间?除了用上面的转化形式之外,还可以用其他的表达形式：A.It is/ has been+时间+since……（动词用过去式）,B.主语+谓语（过去时）+时间+ago.例如：It’s five days since I received his letter.His father died three years ago.看一个句子可以用以下几种说法：他离开上海已经3天了.He left Shanghai three days ago.He has been away from Shanghai for three days.He has been away from Shanghai since three days ago. It is/ has been three days since he left Shanghai. Three days has passed since he left Shanghai.。
初中英语中短暂性动词与延续性动词的用法
初中英语中短暂性动词与延续性动词的用法英语中，按动词延续的时间长短，可将动词分为延续性动词和短暂性动词。
延续性动词如learn, study, work, play, wait等。
短暂性动词是非延续性动词，即动作一开始便结束的动词，又可称结束性动词，瞬间动词，如come, go, begin, start, become, join, end, die, buy, arrive, reach, borrow, lend, get to know等。
一．短暂性动词与延续性动词在现在完成时中的用法：现在完成时中用法（一）：表示发生在过去，迄今已经完成，并对现在产生影响或产生结果的动作，常用ever, yet, already, just等状语，谓语动词既可是延续性动词，也可是短暂性动词。
如：She has just borrowed the book from the library.(borrow是短暂性动词)I have learned a little about Japanese. (learn 是延续性动词)现在完成时中用法（二）：表示始于过去某时并一直延续到现在的动作或状态，常与表示始于过去某一时刻并一直延续到现在的时间状语连用。
如：They have lived in Nantong since 1990. (live 是延续性动词）Mr. Black has worked here since he came to China.(work 是延续性动词)I have learned English for two and a half years.(learn 是延续性动词)所以，在现在完成时中用法（二）中，在表示持续一段时间的句子中，应将短暂性动词转化为相同意义的延续性动词或状态动词。
初中英语中常见的有：例如：1. His grandfather has died for ten years.(F)His grandfather has been dead for ten years.(T)2. My brother has joined the army for five years.(F)My brother has been in the army for five years.(T)My brother has been an armyman for ten years.(F)3. He has gone away for a week.(F) He has been away for a week.(T)4. The film has begun for fifteen minutes.(F)The film has been on for fifteen minutes.(T)但是，短暂性动词的现在完成时的否定形式可以表示一种延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段的状语连用。
延续性动词——精选推荐
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。
如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
延续性动词的用法特征1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。
表示"段时间"的短语有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。
如：I have learned English since I came here.2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。
如：It rained at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示"点时间"，前后显然矛盾。
如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get 等终止性动词来表示。
上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.瞬间动词，也叫终止性、结束性动词。
表示动作的结果，或表示短暂性、一次性的动作。
如：close, leave, buy, join, become, begin, fall(掉下)，fall ill(病倒)，get to(know), come, go, see, hear, hear from, catch a cold等。
这类动词可以用于完成时，但在一般情况下，不能加上表示一段时间的状语或疑问词，但是在否定句中，瞬间动词也可以和表示一段时间的状语、连词连用，它的含义是好长时间没进行这个动作了，没进行此动作的状态就可以延续。
注意：终止性动词若需要表示一段时间，英语中须用替换词来替换该类动词。
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place in 2002.
A. when B. while C. before √D. since
河南省济源市实验中学
3. I have a camera. I bought it in 2009. ＝I have had a camera since 2009.
4. I know Anna. I first met her three years ago. ＝I have known Ann for three years/ since three years ago.
含有for，since的现在完成时的用法歌诀: 过去的动作或状态，一直持续到现在， for、since 把时间带。
河南省济源市实验中学
1. 非延续性动词转换为相应的延续性动词， 用于现在完成时，常见的有：
borrow — keep
buy — have
put on — wear
catch a cold — have a cold
河南省济源市实验中学
e.g. My uncle has worked at this factory for ten years.
= My uncle has worked at this factory since ten year ago. I’ve lived here since 1990． 自从1990年以来我就住在这里。 I haven’t seen him for three years. 我三年没有看见他了。
河南省济源市实验中学
此种用法中表示持续性的动作或状态的 动词必须是延续性动词(否定句除外)。 1. 这本书我买了5年了。
I have bought the book for five years. (×)
I’ve had the book for five years. (√ )
河南省济源市实验中学
5. Linda is ill. She became ill on Monday. ＝Linda has been ill since Monday.
2. 你哥哥参军多长时间了？ How long has your brother joined the
army? (×)
How long has your brother been in the
army/been a soldier? (√ )
河南省济源市实验中学
She’s been at this school since five years ago. 自从五年前以来她就在这个学校。
河南省济源市实验中学
finish — be over fall sleep — be asleep join — be in/be a member of become — be make friends — be friends come/go/ — be + 相应的介词短语
河南省济源市实验中学
get to know — know
get to sleep — sleep
河+ 形容词/副词/介词/名词” begin / start — be on go out — be out close — be closed open — be open get to/arrive/reach — be (in) die — be dead leave — be away
河南省济源市实验中学
河南省济源市实验中学
现在完成的概念 现在完成时的结构 现在完成时过去分词的构成 现在完成时中延续性动词的使用 现在完成时与过去时的区别 现在完成时的特殊用法
河南省济源市实验中学
河南省济源市实验中学
表示从过去已经开始持续到现在的动作 或状态，可以和表示“从过去某一时刻 延续到现在的一段时间状语”连用，如 “for+时间段”、“since+过去时间 点”、“since+过去时的从句”、 “since+一段时间+ago”。且for与since 引导的时间状语可以相互转换。
1. She _______ this book for nearly three
weeks.
A. has borrowed
B. has lent
C. has bought
√D. has kept
2. Ten years has passed ____ the CCTV
event People Who Moved China took