VC中保存BMP位图文件的方法及BMP文件格式带源码实现

#include "stdio.h"#include "Windows.h"//几个全局变量，存放读入图像的位图数据、宽、高、颜色表及每像素所占位数(比特) //此处定义全局变量主要为了后面的图像数据访问及图像存储作准备unsigned char *pBmpBuf;//读入图像数据的指针int bmpWidth;//图像的宽int bmpHeight;//图像的高RGBQUAD *pColorT able;//颜色表指针int biBitCount;//图像类型bool readBmp(char *bmpName){//二进制读方式打开指定的图像文件FILE *fp=fopen(bmpName,"rb");if(fp==0) return 0;//跳过位图文件头结构BITMAPFILEHEADERfseek(fp, sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER),0);//定义位图信息头结构变量，读取位图信息头进内存，存放在变量head中BITMAPINFOHEADER head;fread(&head, sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER), 1,fp);//获取图像宽、高、每像素所占位数等信息bmpWidth = head.biWidth;bmpHeight = head.biHeight;biBitCount = head.biBitCount;//定义变量，计算图像每行像素所占的字节数（必须是4的倍数）int lineByte=(bmpWidth * biBitCount/8+3)/4*4;//灰度图像有颜色表，且颜色表表项为256if(biBitCount==8){//申请颜色表所需要的空间，读颜色表进内存pColorTable=new RGBQUAD[256];fread(pColorTable,sizeof(RGBQUAD),256,fp);}//申请位图数据所需要的空间，读位图数据进内存pBmpBuf=new unsigned char[lineByte * bmpHeight];fread(pBmpBuf,1,lineByte * bmpHeight,fp);//关闭文件fclose(fp);return 1;}bool saveBmp(char *bmpName, unsigned char *imgBuf, int width, int height, int biBitCount, RGBQUAD *pColorTable){//如果位图数据指针为0,则没有数据传入,函数返回if(!imgBuf)return 0;//颜色表大小,以字节为单位,灰度图像颜色表为1024字节,彩色图像颜色表大小为0int colorTablesize=0;if(biBitCount==8)colorTablesize=1024;//待存储图像数据每行字节数为4的倍数int lineByte=(width * biBitCount/8+3)/4*4;//以二进制写的方式打开文件FILE *fp=fopen(bmpName,"wb");if(fp==0) return 0;//申请位图文件头结构变量，填写文件头信息BITMAPFILEHEADER fileHead;fileHead.bfType = 0x4D42;//bmp类型//bfSize是图像文件4个组成部分之和fileHead.bfSize= sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER) + sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER) + colorT ablesize + lineByte*height;fileHead.bfReserved1 = 0;fileHead.bfReserved2 = 0;//bfOffBits是图像文件前三个部分所需空间之和fileHead.bfOffBits=54+colorTablesize;//写文件头进文件fwrite(&fileHead, sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER),1, fp);//申请位图信息头结构变量，填写信息头信息BITMAPINFOHEADER head;head.biBitCount=biBitCount;head.biClrImportant=0;head.biClrUsed=0;head.biCompression=0;head.biHeight=height;head.biPlanes=1;head.biSize=40;head.biSizeImage=lineByte*height;head.biWidth=width;head.biXPelsPerMeter=0;head.biYPelsPerMeter=0;//写位图信息头进内存fwrite(&head, sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER),1, fp);//如果灰度图像,有颜色表,写入文件if(biBitCount==8)fwrite(pColorTable, sizeof(RGBQUAD),256, fp);//写位图数据进文件fwrite(imgBuf, height*lineByte, 1, fp);//关闭文件fclose(fp);return 1;}//调色板与灰度图像的关系void main(){//读入指定BMP文件进内存char readPath[]="tarret.BMP";readBmp(readPath);//输出图像的信息printf("width=%d,height=%d,biBitCount=%d\n",bmpWidth,bmpHeight,biBit Count);//改变灰度图像的颜色表蓝色分量的值,察看前后变化if(biBitCount==8){for(int i=0; i<256;i++){pColorTable[i].rgbBlue = 255-pColorTable[i].rgbBlue;}}//将图像数据存盘char writePath[]="tarret1.BMP";saveBmp(writePath, pBmpBuf, bmpWidth, bmpHeight, biBitCount, pColorT able);//清除缓冲区，pBmpBuf和pColorT able是全局变量，在文件读入时申请的空间delete []pBmpBuf;if(biBitCount==8)delete []pColorTable;}#include"stdio.h"#include"Windows.h"BYTE *pBmpBuf;//读¨¢入¨?图ª?像?数ºy据Y的Ì?指?针?int bmpWidth;//图ª?像?的Ì?宽¨ªint bmpHeight;//图ª?像?的Ì?高?RGBQUAD *pColorTable;//颜?色¦?表À¨ª指?针?int biBitCount;//图ª?像?类¤¨¤型¨ªbool readBmp(char *bmpName){FILE *fp=fopen(bmpName,"rb"); //二t进?制?读¨¢方¤?式º?打䨰开a指?定¡§的Ì?图ª?像?文?件tif(fp==NULL) return 0;fseek(fp, sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER),0); //跳¬?过y位?图ª?文?件t头ª¡¤结¨¢构1BITMAPFILEHEADERBITMAPINFOHEADER head; //定¡§义°?位?图ª?信?息¡é头ª¡¤结¨¢构1变À?量¢?，ê?读¨¢取¨?位?图ª?信?息¡é头ª¡¤进?内¨²存ä?，ê?存ä?放¤?在¨²变À?量¢?head中Dfread(&head, sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER), 1,fp);bmpWidth = head.biWidth; //获?取¨?图ª?像?宽¨ª、¡é高?、¡é每?像?素?所¨´占?位?数ºy等̨¨信?息¡ébmpHeight = head.biHeight;biBitCount = head.biBitCount;int lByte=(bmpWidth * biBitCount/8+3)/4*4; //定¡§义°?变À?量¢?，ê?计?算?图ª?像?每?行D 像?素?所¨´占?的Ì?字Á?节¨²数ºy/* if(biBitCount==8){pColorTable=new RGBQUAD[256];fread(pColorTable,sizeof(RGBQUAD),256,fp);}*/pBmpBuf=new BYTE[lByte * bmpHeight]; //申¦¨º请?位?图ª?数ºy据Y所¨´需¨¨要°a的Ì?空?间?，ê?读¨¢位?图ª?数ºy据Y进?内¨²存ä?fread(pBmpBuf,1,lByte * bmpHeight,fp);fclose(fp); //关?闭À?文?件treturn 1;}bool saveBmp(char *bmpName, BYTE *imgBuf, int width, int height,int biBitCount, RGBQUAD *pColorTable){if(!imgBuf)return 0;int colorTablesize=0; //颜?色¦?表À¨ª大䨮小?,以°?字Á?节¨²为a单Ì£¤位?,灰¨°度¨¨图ª?像?颜?色¦?表À¨ª为a1024字Á?节¨²,彩¨º色¦?图ª?像?颜?色¦?表À¨ª大䨮小?为a0/* if(biBitCount==8)colorTablesize=1024;*/int lByte=(width * biBitCount/8+3)/4*4; //待äy存ä?储ä¡é图ª?像?数ºy据Y每?行D字Á?节¨²数ºyFILE *fp=fopen(bmpName,"wb"); //以°?二t进?制?写¡ä的Ì?方¤?式º?打䨰开a文?件tif(fp==NULL) return 0;//申¦¨º请?位?图ª?文?件t头ª¡¤结¨¢构1变À?量¢?，ê?填¬?写¡ä文?件t头ª¡¤信?息¡éBITMAPFILEHEADER fileHead;fileHead.bfType = 0x4D42;//bmp类¤¨¤型¨ª//bfSize是º?图ª?像?文?件t4个?组Á¨¦成¨¦部?分¤?之?和¨ªfileHead.bfSize= sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER) + sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER) + colorTablesize + lByte*height;fileHead.bfReserved1 = 0;fileHead.bfReserved2 = 0;//bfOffBits是º?图ª?像?文?件t前¡ã三¨y个?部?分¤?所¨´需¨¨空?间?之?和¨ªfileHead.bfOffBits=54+colorTablesize;fwrite(&fileHead, sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER),1, fp); //写¡ä文?件t头ª¡¤进?文?件tBITMAPINFOHEADER head; //申¦¨º请?位?图ª?信?息¡é头ª¡¤结¨¢构1变À?量¢?，ê?填¬?写¡ä信?息¡é头ª¡¤信?息¡éhead.biBitCount=biBitCount;head.biClrImportant=0;head.biClrUsed=0;head.biCompression=0;head.biHeight=height;head.biPlanes=1;head.biSize=40;head.biSizeImage=lByte*height;head.biWidth=width;head.biXPelsPerMeter=0;head.biYPelsPerMeter=0;fwrite(&head, sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER),1, fp); //写¡ä位?图ª?信?息¡é头ª¡¤进?内¨²存ä? fwrite(imgBuf, height*lByte, 1, fp); //写¡ä位?图ª?数ºy据Y进?文?件tfclose(fp); //关?闭À?文?件treturn 1;}bool rgb_to_yuv(BYTE *imgBuf, int width, int height){int i=0,j=0;for( i=0;i< height;i++ ){for( j=0;j<width;j++ ){int pos = width * i + j; // 像?素?点Ì?位?置?BYTE B = imgBuf[pos*3];BYTE G = imgBuf[pos*3+1];BYTE R = imgBuf[pos*3+2];BYTE Y= (BYTE)(0.3*R + 0.59*G + 0.11*B);BYTE U= (BYTE)((B-Y) * 0.493);BYTE V= (BYTE)((R-Y) * 0.877);Y=Y+10;B= (BYTE)(Y + 2.032*U);G= (BYTE)(Y - 0.394*U - 0.581*V);R= (BYTE)(Y + 1.140*V);imgBuf[pos*3]=B;imgBuf[pos*3+1]=G;imgBuf[pos*3+2]=R;}}return 1;}void main(int argc,char *argv[]){char readPath[]="C:\\1.BMP";readBmp(readPath); //读¨¢入¨?指?定¡§BMP文?件tprintf("width=%d,height=%d,biBitCount=%d\n",bmpWidth,bmpHeight,biBitCount); //输º?出?图ª?像?的Ì?信?息¡échar writePath[]="C:\\tarret1.BMP"; //将?图ª?像?数ºy据Y存ä?盘¨¬saveBmp(writePath, pBmpBuf, bmpWidth, bmpHeight, biBitCount, pColorTable);delete []pBmpBuf; //清?除y缓o冲?区?，ê?pBmpBuf和¨ªpColorTable是º?全¨?局?变À?量¢?，ê?在¨²文?件t读¨¢入¨?时º¡À申¦¨º请?的Ì?空?间?if(biBitCount==8)delete []pColorTable;scanf("%d");}。