广东省佛山市南海区2021届高三摸底测试英语试题 含答案

广东省佛山市南海区2021届高三摸底测试
英语
本试卷分选择题和非选择题两部分。

共8页。

满分135分。

考试用时120分钟。

注意事项：
1．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考号等信息填涂在答题卡上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A
When I tell people I attended an all-girls school since age 4, I'm met with expressions of either confusion, shock, curiosity or some combination of the three. I get the same responses: Why? Was it horrible? But how did you meet boys?
Contrary to what many people immediately assume, judging from their looks of sympathy, I really enjoyed going to an all-girls school. Going to a single-sex school shaped me in many valuable ways and allowed me to build amazing friendships.
When it comes to single-sex education, I reject the idea that being in a single-sex environment makes one unable to interact with members of the opposite sex later in life. Contrary to this popular belief, everyone I knew at my school and other single-sex schools not only knew how to interact smoothly with members of the opposite sex, but they were also able to form actual friendships with those people outside of school time. Although the majority of my close friends were girls, I didn't get away from the outside world. Being in a single-sex environment also encouraged me to make more friends outside of school. These experiences gave me invaluable skills, many of which I have used in my first few weeks here at Stanford in making friends and building relationships.
Another common belief about all-girls schools in particular is the presence of unfriendly behavior between students. There are unavoidably conflicts in all schools at some points, but I never noticed a connection between single-sex schools and much disagreement. I would say that conflicts don't depend on whether you're at a single-sex or not, but rather on the personalities of the people you surround yourself with.
I will be forever grateful for the experiences I had and the relationships I formed in my all-girls school environment, but I'm equally so happy to be where I am now, experiencing new things everyday and growing more and more in the process.
21．What does the author intend to do in paragraph l?
A．Lead in to the topic.
B．Ask readers some questions.
C．Summarize people's responses.
D．Provide background information.
22．W hat does the underlined phrase “this popular belief” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Students in single-sex schools can’t make new f riends.
B．Students in single-sex schools can't get along well with others.
C．Students in single-sex schools can't have the right concept of sex.
D．Students in single-sex schools can't communicate with the opposite sex. 23．According to the author, what causes conflicts in schools?
A．Single-sex environment. B．Disagreement.
C．People's character. D．Mixed-sex environment.
24．What does the author think of all-girls schools?
A．They have beautiful environment.
B．They have more friendly students.
C．They are better than ordinary schools.
D．They offer students valuable experiences.
B
California researchers have found that oxygen levels and water temperatures play a key role in the health of deep-sea fish populations.
Scientists studied fish on the floor of the Gulf（海湾）of California. "This is an example of some of the video that we are analyzing for this research," said Natalya Gallo, a post-doctoral researcher at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. She pointed to a video taken along the seafloor on the Gulf of California near the Mexican coast. The film came from a remotely controlled submarine.
Researchers use the underwater tool to calculate the influence of a warming ocean on fish. “The really big question that we're trying to answer is how sensitive deep-sea communities（群落），and in general ocean communities are going to be to these changes,” Gallo said.
Gallo and the other researchers on the team studied the northern gulf, which is closer to normal ocean conditions and the southern gulf, which has one of the planet's most extreme low oxygen ocean zones.
The findings will help scientists understand changes in other places. As the ocean gets hotter, the warmer water is not capable of holding the same amount of oxygen. "We know that oxygen is declining in the ocean globally," said Lisa Levin, a Scripps Institution of Oceanography, biological oceanographer. "And that the really low oxygen zones, oxygen minimum zones are expanding as the ocean warms."
Scientists already expect certain outcomes from climate-related changes. "The body size of animals will get lower as the ocean warms and the oxygen declines and overall, the oceans will become less productive," Levin said. The research findings are published in the current edition of the Journal Marine Ecology Progress Series.
25．What is the purpose of Gallo's research?
A．To measure the temperature of sea water.
B．To show the body condition of deep-sea fish.
C．To calculate the amount of oxygen in the sea.
D．To evaluate the effect of ocean warming on fish.
26．Why do researchers study the southern gulf?
A．It has normal ocean conditions. B．It has special ocean zones.
C．It has a relatively mild climate. D．It has various kinds of fish.
27．What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A．The methods of protecting the sea.
B．The influence of the warmer oceans.
C．The steps of investigating the ocean.
D．The causes of the warming of sea water.
C
If you're like many people, you may have decided that you want to spend less time staring at your phone. It's a good idea: an increasing body of evidence suggests that the time we spend on our smartphones is affecting our sleep, self-respect, relationships, memory, attention, creativity, productivity and problem solving and decision-making skills.
Until now, most discussions of phones' biochemical effects have focused on dopamine (多巴胺)，a brain chemical that helps us form habits. Smart-phones and apps are designed to cause dopamine's release, with the goal of making our phones difficult to put down.
But our phones' effects on cortisol（皮质醇）are potentially even more alarming. Cortisol is our primary fight-or-flight hormone. Its release（释放）causes our bodies' changes, such as a jump in blood pressure, heart rate and blood sugar, that help us react to and survive acute physical threats. But by raising levels of cortisol, our phones may be threatening our health and shortening our lives.
The average American spends four hours a day staring at their smart-phone and keeps it within arm's reach nearly all the time, according to a tracking app called Moment. The result, as Google has noted in a report, is that "mobile phones loaded with social media, email and news apps" create "a constant sense of commitment bringing unintended personal stress."
"Your cortisol levels are increased when your phone is in sight or nearby, or when you hear it or even think you hear it," says David Greenfield, professor at the University of Connecticut School. "It's a stress response, and it feels unpleasant, and the body's natural response is to want to check the phone to make the stress go away."
But while doing so might comfort you for a second, it probably will make things worse in the long run. Any time you check your phone, you're likely to find something else stressful waiting for you, leading to another increase in cortisol and another desire to check your phone to you’re your anxiety go away. This cycle, when continuously strengthened, leads to increased cortisol levels, which have been tied to an increased risk of serious health problems, including depression, obesity, high blood pressure, heart attack and so on.
28．What phone-related effect is dopamine responsible for?
A．Memory loss. B．Increased mental stress.
C．A behavioral addiction. D．Poor sleep quality.
29．What can we infer about cortisol according to the text?
A．Its decrease will improve heart rate.
B．Its release will lower blood pressure.
C．Its release has no benefits for humans.
D．Its increase is related to personal stress.
30．What may be further talked about after the last paragraph?
A．Ways to make phones less stressful.
B．Benefits of reducing dopamine levels.
C．Reasons why cortisol levels are increased.
D．Bad results of checking phones frequently.
31．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A．Entertainment. B．Health. C．Technology. D．Education.
D
Imagine this: you walk into work and the camera above the doors scans your face, opening them automatically without you lifting a finger. Oh, but you need to run to the chemist's at lunch. You walk up to a camera, and your prescription（药方）is deposited in front of you. After work, you look at your face in the mirror, and it reminds you to wear sun-cream the next day. Sounds pretty good, right?
Now imagine this: when you are walking down the street, a pair of policemen pull their guns and tell you to drop to the ground. After several days in jail, they let you know you were misidentified as a violent criminal on the loose. Regardless of your innocence, you're in the system. Now wherever you go, cameras that capture you will alert police to watch out for you. Even worse, as you enter stores, the facial recognition system lets the staff know a recently arrested individual has entered the building. Doesn't sound so good?
As fantastical as either of those pictures might seem, it's quite possible that this will be the future we're headed towards. The "benefits" of the technology are already being implemented by airlines, as seen by JetBlue Airways. Rather than scanning a boarding pass or handing over a passport, you simply stare into a camera and you're identified. This does save time and make processes the best possible, but it raises the question: do you have the right to your own face? Who is responsible for the protection of this information? Can I even remove my face from this database and just go the old-fashioned way?
We humans have the never-ending need to make things smoother, better and faster. This desire has helped drive the remarkable progress we have achieved as a society. However, it's time to take a step back and ask some necessary questions. We need to discuss whether we actually need the extensive use of facial recognition technology and how to ensure law enforcement (执行) doesn't abuse this technology. If we act now, I believe we can succeed in preventing technology companies from infiltrating（潜入）every aspect of our lives. If we don't, though, I fear the worst. 32．What does the underlined word "fantastical" probably mean?
A．Unreal. B．Optimistic. C．Reasonable. D．Unbearable. 33．What is the downside of facial recognition technology?
A．Inequality of rights. B．Disorder of society.
C．Violation of privacy. D．Denial of responsibility.
34．What may be to blame for the negative effect of facial recognition technology?
A．Improper enforcement of laws. B．People's lack of awareness.
C．Ignorance of the technology. D．Companies' pursuit of profit.
35．What is the best title for the text?
A．How do we live safely with facial recognition technology?
B．Are we prepared for the use of facial recognition technology?
C．What will the future be like without facial recognition technology?
D．Can we prevent the development of facial recognition technology?
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

One of our most firmly established ideas of masculinity（男子气概）is that men don't cry. Although he might weep bitter tears at a funeral, a real man is expected to quickly regain control. Sobbing openly is for girls. But historical and literary evidence suggests that, in the past, not only did men cry in public, but no one saw it as weak or shameful. 36
In written records of the Middle Ages, we find one ambassador repeatedly bursting into tears when addressing Philip the Good, and the entire audience at a peace conference throwing themselves on the ground, sobbing and weeping as they listen to the speeches. Still more remarkably, there's no mention of the men in these stories trying to hold back or hide their tears. No one pretends to have something in his eye. 37 They cry in a crowded hall with their heads held high.
38 The most obvious possibility is that this shift is the result of changes that took place as we moved from a feudal（封建的），agricultural society to one that was urban and industrial. In the Middle Ages, a typical village had only 50 — 300 inhabitants, most of them related by blood or marriage. If men cried, they did so with people who would empathize. But from the 18th through the20th centuries, the population became increasingly urbanised. 39 Furthermore, changes in the economy required men to work together in factories and offices where emotional expression and even private conversation were discouraged as time-wasting.
Yet human beings weren't designed to swallow their emotions, and there's reason to believe that holding back tears can be harmful to your well-being. Research from the 1980s has suggested a relationship between a person's rate of stress-related illnesses and inadequate crying. 40 A study has found that in countries where people cry the most, they also report the highest levels of satisfaction.
So it might be time to return to the free-flowing tears of the past. When misfortune strikes, let us all — men and women — join together and cry until our sleeves are soaked.
A．So where did all the male tears go?
B．No one makes an excuse to leave the room.
C．Soon, people were living in the midst of thousands- of strangers
D．Weeping is also, contrary to all expectations, correlated with happiness.
E．The question remains whether inadequate crying is harmful or beneficial.
F．In fact, male weeping was regarded as normal for most of recorded history.
G．Despite the considerable evidence, men can't express feelings freely by any means.
第三部分语言知识及运用（共三节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

On a steamy July day in Bayonet Point, Florida, Gene Work and his brother-in-law, Mark Rouco, were resodding（重铺草皮）Gene's yard. It had grown brown in the 41 and the homeowners' association had 42 to give a heavy fine if the situation wasn't 43 ．The new sod was sitting in the driveway on tour pallets, but the job was 44 ．Gene, then 40, wasn't feeling 45 . He went inside to take a 46 and fell on the sofa, holding his chest tightly. His wife, Melissa Work, called 911 47 ．
48 he was staring down death, Gene had one thing on his mind: that lawn（草坪）．If the sod wasn't put down that day, it would 49 ，“While he was having his heart attack, literally in and out of consciousness, he kept 50 me to have it put down because he didn't want it to go to 51 ,”Meliss a wrote in a Facebook post.
Soon Pasco County Fire Rescue arrived and took Gene and Melissa to the 52 ，leaving Rouco behind to deal with the 53 ．Within an hour, he had managed to remove the 54 grass. He was about to lay the new sod, which he 55 would take him well into the night, when two emergency vehicles appeared. Seven men, the 56 ones who had treated his brother, got out. They had 57 to help because Gene had told them how badly he'd wanted to get the sod down．The 58 was done in under two hours.
59 ，Gene had surgery in his heart, easing a potentially deadly blockage. He's home now, fully recovered and enjoying his beautiful lawn.
“These men,” Mel issa told , “saved Gene's life, and then came back to save his grass. That's just so 60 .”
41．A．dampness B．heat C．shadow D．warmth 42．A．expected B．offered C．threatened D．encouraged 43．A．worsened B．understood C．reviewed D．improved 44．A．fast-changing B．low-paying C．slow-going D．well-rewarding 45．A．right B．excited C．lonely D．afraid 46．A．shower B．break C．picture D．walk 47．A．quickly B．occasionally C．personally D．suddenly 48．A．As though B．Now that C．If only D．Even though 49．A．disappear B．die C．grow D．fade 50．A．ordering B．begging C．helping D．inviting 51．A．pieces B．seed C．waste D．service 52．A．hospital B．garden C．fire station D．Internet company 53．A．car B．house C．road D．yard
54．A．old B．muddy C．narrow D．soft 55．A．promised B．feared C．advocated D．admitted 56．A．extra B．educated C．same D．wounded 57．A．agreed B．avoided C．returned D．refused 58．A．operation B．survey C．experiment D．job 59．A．Meanwhile B．However C．Otherwise D．Therefore 60．A．challenging B．coincident C．inspiring D．awesome
第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The successful launch of the probe（探测器）Tianwen l on Thursday in Wenchang, South China's Hainan province, marks the 61 (begin) of the country's efforts to find out more about Mars.
The probe will travel about seven months 62 it reaches Mars, where it will place a rover （火星车）to wander around the surface. The rover, which has yet to be named, is l.85 meters tall and 63 (weigh) about 240 kilograms. It has six wheels and four solar panels and will be able to move 64 a speed of 200 meters per hour on Mars. The rover carries six 65 (science)instruments including a multispectral camera, subsurface penetrating radar and a meteorological measuring device. It will use the instruments 66 (examine) Mars' surface compositions, geological structures, environment and possibly water.
The vehicle 67 (expect) to operate for about three months on 68 planet. It is of great significance to humankind's exploration of outer space. If the 69 (high) autonomous machine works well, it will become the world's fifth operational Mars rover, 70 (follow) the previous four from the United States.
第三节选词填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面三段文本，从每段文本方框的词或短语中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。

文本1
I asked Junyan what she liked most about her job and she said that although there wasn't much 71 in a reporter's existence, she found it interesting and challenging. "I'm never 72 with this job!" She added that as a reporter she needed many different skills and was constantly 73 to learn new things. Finally, I asked her if after many years she still felt 74 . Smiling brightly, she told me, "Nothing that I learned from my mother has ever left me. Today when I'm looking for stories, I still feel like I'm turning over stones to see what might be hiding 75 !"
文本 2
Professor Mayer, 76 by many as a leading expert in the study of changes to People's EQs, recently 77 the findings of a study on senior high school students. When some normal students were 78 to some disabled students, they found that afterwards they were more willing to help people in difficulties. They also showed a better understanding of the disabled students' feelings. At the same time, there was a 79 change in the disabled students' attitudes. They became more positive about their disabilities and were more 80 to try new things. People with high EQs often have positive attitudes towards life and open minds to different ideas.
文本 3
Living in a culture that is different from your own can be both an exciting and challenging
experience. You have to learn different cultural 81 and try to adapt to them.
Chinese people do not have the same concept of 82 as Americans do. They talk about topics such as ages, income or marital status, which Americans think is 83 and intrusive.
As is well known, the Chinese like to save. They are always 84 when they are planning to spend money. It is different in the USA, where far fewer families are saving money for 85 and education than their Chinese counterparts.
第四部分写作（共三节，满分50分）
第一节完成句子（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据句子中文意思，把句子补充完整。

86．如果珍妮不是这么善良和愿意原谅我的缺点的话，我就体会不到这段真正的友谊。

If Jenny hadn't been a kind person who my shortcomings,
I would never have experienced such true friendship.
87．我们高兴地唱着圣诞颂歌，讲着笑话，戴上傻傻的纸帽子，哈哈大笑。

We sang Christmas carols happily, laughed at jokes，and laughed again．
88．当经理告诉我下岗时，我脑海一片空白，怒火满腔。

When my manager told me that l would be laid off, and my heart swelled with anger．
89．突然，天空被乌云覆盖，我们在刹那间被卷入了可怕的暴风雨中。

All at once, the sky and in less than a minute we were in a terrible storm.
90．当宇航员走出飞船，他微笑并向人群挥手。

When the astronaut climbed out of the spaceship，he . 第二节语篇翻译（满分15分）
请把下面拆分成五句话的语篇翻译成英文。

91．我做过的最重要的一件事发生在1990年10月8日。

92．我以和一位好久不见的老朋友打网球开始了那一天。

93．当我们正在打球时，一辆汽车在路上呼啸而来，驶向球场。

94．正是我朋友的母亲，对我的朋友大声喊道他的孩子已经停止呼吸，正在被送往医院。

95．一瞬间，我的朋友已经在车上，消失在一团尘土中。

第三节书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华，在外教Bill的指导下，你获得了英语演讲比赛一等奖。

请写一封电子邮件向他描述比赛情况并表达感谢。

广东省佛山市南海区2021届高三摸底测试
英语参考答案
第二部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题l每小题2分，满分30分）
21．A 22．D 23．C 24．D 25．D 26．B 27．B 28．C 29．D 30．A 31．B 32．A 33．C 34．A 35．B
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
36．F 37．B 38．A 39．C 40．D
第三部分语言知识及运用（共三节，满分45分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）
41．B 42．C 43．D 44．C 45．A 46．B 47．A 48．D 49．B 50．B 51．C 52．A 53．D 54．A 55．B 56．C 57．C 58．D 59．A 60．D
第二节（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
61．beginning 62．before/until 63．weighs 64．at/with 65．scientific 66．to examine 67．is expected 68．the 69．highly 70．following 第三节选词填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
71．E 72．D 73．F 74．A 75．B
76．F 77．B 78．C 79．A 80．E
81．F 82．C 83．G 84．E 85．D
第四部分写作（共三节，满分50分）
第一节完成句子（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
86．was willing to forgive
87．Put on silly paper hats
88．my mind went blank
89．was covered with dark clouds
90．smiled and waved to the crowds
第二节语篇翻译（满分l5分）
91．The most important thing I've ever done happened on October 8,1990.
92．I began the day playing tennis with an old friend I hadn't seen for a while.
93．While we were playing, a car came screaming up the road toward the courts.
94．It was my friend's mother, who shouted to my friend that his baby had stopped breathing and was being rushed to the hospital.
95．In a flash my friend was in the car, disappearing in a cloud of dust.。