动词的语气

动词的语气

一.概念

语气有三种:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气.语气表示说话人对劝词所示示的动作或所处的状态持有的态度或看法.

二.相关知识点精讲

1.辨别if 引导真实条件句和if引导的虚拟条件句的区别

If he has time, he will go with us.= Probably he has time and will go with us.

If he had time, he would go with us.=But in fact he has no time.

If I had a million yuan, I would help the poor.

If you had come yesterday, you would have met her.

If you came/should come/were to come to my party next week, you would get a gift.

3.混合时间的虚拟语气

如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。

1)If I had received the passport yesterday, I would start today.

2)If he had telephoned me last night, I would see him now.

3)If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be all right now.

4)If China had not been liberated, the working people would still be leading a miserable life.

4.should/ could / might/ ought to + have done 表示“过去本应该/可以做而实际上却没做”needn’t have done 表示“过去没必要作而实际上做了”

5.虚拟语气中的倒装句

如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有were, had, could, should，有时可将if省去，而将条件从句的主语置于were, had, should, could 之后。

Had you invited us, we would have come to your party.

Were I you, I would do more practice after class.

Could she lend us a helping hand, she would do so.

6.wish 后面的宾语从句的谓语动词应使用虚拟语气，表示“可惜…；….就好了；悔不该…；但愿…。”

2)I wish I were ten years younger.

3)I wish that I had gone to the football match last week.

4)I wish that you had been here yesterday.

5)He wishes that we would visit the old school.

7.表示命令或建议动词suggest, insist, propose, desire, demand, request, order, command 后的宾语从句中应使用虚拟（should ）+动词原形；should 不可用would 来替代; 主句所使用的动词时态不限。

8.suggest 为“建议去做…; 命令…”从句用should + do

为“说明；暗示”, 从句用过去时或过去完成时。

1) The doctor suggested that I should take the medicine three times a day.

2) The doctor suggested that my grandmother had caught a bad cold.

9.insist “坚持要去做…，坚持应该去做”，从句用should + do为“坚持表明，坚持说/解释”，从句用过去时或过去完成时。

The teacher insisted that we should practice reading every morning.

The thief insisted that he had not stolen anything.

10.虚拟语气也用于表语从句和主语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea 等。表语从句中的谓语动词是should +动词原型，should 可以省略。

11.在主语从句中，当从句用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜等，从句的谓语动词用需拟语气形式。其谓语动词时should + 动词原型，或should 省略。

12. would rather, had better后的句子的虚拟语气

1) 接动词原形, 指现在或将来的时间, 表示主语的主观愿望和选择

I would rather do it today

You had better not go dancing tonight

2) 接动词的完成式, 表示过去的某种不恰当的选择. 如:

I would rather not have told her the news. She is such a gossip

3) 接从句, 用一般过去时, 表示现在或将来的愿望;用过去完成时,表示过去的愿望.如:

I would rather you paid the money yourself

I would rather she had not done that

13. it is (high) time that ….句型中, 从句的谓语动词用过去式,或should +动词原形, 其中should不能省掉.如:

It is time that you went to school

It is time that we should start out

14. 在含有if it were not for 或if it had not been for 条件句的虚拟语气中. 如:

If it were not for the rain, the crops would die