主语补足语独立主格辨析

Subject complement 主语补足语（重点）

课文例句We walked to school, wandered wild in the summer.

此时的的wild使用的是过去分词，做we 的补足语，而不是修饰wander，所以不是adv.

例子

At the age of 80, her mind began to wander free.

80岁的时候，她的思想开始漫无目的地游走。

A miser ['maɪzə] is a person who lives poor so as to die rich.

吝啬鬼是穷嗖嗖地活着就为了死时富得流油。

如果主动句是“主语－动词－宾语－宾补”（SVOC）的结构，

变为被动句时，原来的宾语变做主语，原来的宾补变成主补。

We regard him as the best dentist in town.

我们认为他是城里最好的牙医。

>>>He is regarded as the best dentist in town.

他被公认为城里最好的牙医。

A book is lying flat on the table, and the imaginary people waiting for me to bring them to life. 有本书平摊在桌上，书里的那些想象中的人物正在等待这我回去将他们唤醒。

独立主格

分词作状语时其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语是一致的，否则分词就有自己的逻辑主语，这种自带主语的分词就是所谓的分词的独立主格。

英语中，独立主格由“名词或代词+形容词、副词、分词不、不定式、介词短语等”构成，其中的“名词或代词”用主格形式，起逻辑主语的作用

其后的“形容词、副词、分词不、不定式、介词短语等”起逻辑谓语的作用。

而且，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词

“名词或代词+介词短语”的用法

He was waiting, his eyes on her back. 他在等着，眼睛望着她的背影。

The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hand. 士兵们端着枪冲了进来。

The old woman sat down, traces of tears still on her cheeks. 老太太坐下来，面颊上还带有泪痕。“名词或代词+现在分词”的用法。

The children playing in the room, I could not get down studying.孩子们在屋里玩，我没法学习。Mother being ill, I had to stay at home looking after her. 母亲病了，我只好呆在家里照顾她。“名词或代词+过去分词”的用法。

The job finished, we went home. 工作结束后我们就回家了。

Everyone helped, John not excepted. 大家都来帮忙，约翰也不例外。

Everything considered, his plan seems better. 从各方面考虑，他的计划似乎好一些。

“名词或代词+名词”的用法。

Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children. 两百人死于事故，其中有许多儿童。

His book now a bestseller, he felt pleased with the world. 他的书成了畅销书，他对一切都满意“名词或代词+副词”这类独立主格结构中，其中的副词主要是over, on, off, up, down等这类小品词，一般不用-ly 这类方式副词

The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room. 散会了，校长很快离开了会议室。

The lights off, we could not go on with the work. 灯熄了，我们不能继续工作了。

“名词或代词+形容词”的用法。

He entered the room, his face pale. 他走进屋来脸色苍白。

Computers very small, we can use them widely. 电脑虽小，我们却能广泛地利用它们。

“名词/代词+动词不定式”这类独立主格结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。We divided the work, he to dean the window and I to sweep the floor.

我们分了工，他擦窗户，我扫地。

A number of officials followed the emperor, some to hold his robe, others to adjust his girdle .

许多官员尾随皇帝之后，有的拎着皇帝的衣袍，有的则给他整腰带。

Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 种上许多的树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。（被动）

独立主格结构考题小练(有详解)

1. I have a lot of books, half of ___d_____ novels.

A. which

B. that

C. whom

D. them

2. _____c___ more and more forests destroyed, many animals are facing the danger of dying out.

A. because

B. as

C. With

D. Since

3. The bus was crowded with passengers going home from market, most of ____a____ carrying heavy bags and baskets full of fruit and vegetables they had bought there.

A. them

B. who

C. whom

D. which

4. The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies, all of ____c____ over 600 years old.

A. which

B. that

C. them

D. it

5. The cave ____d____ very dark, he lit some candles ________ light.

A. was; given

B. was; to give

C. being; given

D. being; to give

6. The soldier rushed into the cave, his right hand ___c_____ a gun and his face ________ with sweat汗.

A held; covered B. holding; covering

C. holding; covered

D. held; covering

7. The girl in the snapshot was smiling sweetly, her long hair ____d___.

A. flowed in the breeze

B. was flowing in the breeze

C. were flowing in the breeze

D. flowing in the breeze微风

8. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _____b____ for the day.

A. finishing

B. finished

C. had finished

D. were finished

9. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, ____a_____ parents seated together joking.

A. their

B. whose

C. which

D. That

因为空格后的动词seated 不是谓语，而是一个过去分词，因为seat 作动词用时，是及物动词。

10. The Smiths are rich and they have three cars, one a Toyota, __a_d_ Land Rover of the latest.后面部分实际上是独立主格结构形式，省略了being

A. another

B. other

C. the other

D. the others

1. D。half of them novels 为独立主格结构，相当于and half of them are novels。