主语补足语独立主格辨析
高考英语之非谓语动词作宾补,表语,同位语,独立主格
高考英语之非谓语动词作宾补宾补——宾语补足语,即对宾语的补充说明。
这种语法现象出现频率很高,但是,不是所有动词都有宾补。
非谓语作宾补的形式也不尽相同。
本文详细讲解了高考考点的相关内容。
下面举些简单的宾补例子。
例如:——The dog keeps me happy. 那只让我很开心。
(形容词作宾补)——Don’t let me at home 不要让我待在家。
(介词短语作宾补)——We made him monitor. 我们选他作班长。
(名词作宾补)1.to do 作宾语补足补。
(1)某些特定词后接宾语,再接to do 作宾补。
句中的宾语常为非谓语的逻辑主语,即宾语发出非谓语的动作。
表主动,将要。
形式为:V.+ sb./sth. to do.例如:——Your mom asked you to go home and have dinner.你妈妈叫你回家吃饭。
解析:you 发出to go 和have 动作,即两者之间为主动关系。
表将要。
——Parents don’t allow their children to eat too much sugar.父母不允许他们的孩子吃太多的糖。
解析:children 发出to eat 动作,表主动,将要。
—— Students are not allowed to swim in the river.学生们不允许到河里游泳。
解析:将此被动句变成主动句:——not allow students to swim in the river. 所以还是to swim 作宾补。
常用的同类动词:advise 建议allow /permit 允许beg 祈求require/ request/demand 要求ask 询问,要求cause 导致encourage鼓励expect 盼望forbid 禁止force 强迫intend 意图invite 邀请order 命令persuade 说服prefer喜欢teach/instruct教remind提醒tell告诉want想要warn 警告wish 希望promise 答应注:下列词,用在被动句中,做主语补足语。
主语补足语独立主格辨析
主语补足语独立主格辨析Subject complement 主语补足语(重点)课文例句We walked to school, wandered wild in the summer.此时的的wild使用的是过去分词,做we 的补足语,而不是修饰wander,所以不是adv.例子At the age of 80, her mind began to wander free.80岁的时候,她的思想开始漫无目的地游走。
A miser ['ma?z?] is a person who lives poor so as to die rich.吝啬鬼是穷嗖嗖地活着就为了死时富得流油。
如果主动句是“主语-动词-宾语-宾补”(SVOC)的结构,变为被动句时,原来的宾语变做主语,原来的宾补变成主补。
We regard him as the best dentist in town.我们认为他是城里最好的牙医。
>>> He is regarded as the best dentist in town.他被公认为城里最好的牙医。
A book is lying flat on the table, and the imaginary people waiting for me to bring them to life. 有本书平摊在桌上,书里的那些想象中的人物正在等待这我回去将他们唤醒。
独立主格分词作状语时其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语是一致的,否则分词就有自己的逻辑主语,这种自带主语的分词就是所谓的分词的独立主格。
英语中,独立主格由“名词或代词+形容词、副词、分词不、不定式、介词短语等”构成,其中的“名词或代词”用主格形式,起逻辑主语的作用其后的“形容词、副词、分词不、不定式、介词短语等”起逻辑谓语的作用。
而且,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词“名词或代词+介词短语”的用法He was waiting, his eyes on her back. 他在等着,眼睛望着她的背影。
种基本句型和独立主格结构讲解
英语中的五种基本句型结构一、句型1: Subject 主语+ Verb 谓语这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词;所谓不及物动词;就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语..常见的动词如:work; sing; swim; fish; jump; arrive; come; die; disappear; cry; happen等..如:1 Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力..2 The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的..3Spring is coming.4 We have lived in the city for ten years.二、句型2:Subject 主语+ Link. V系动词+ Predicate表语这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等..其系动词一般可分为下列两类:1表示状态..这样的词有:be; look; seem; smell; taste; sound; keep等..如:1 This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口..2 He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急..2表示变化..这类系动词有:become; turn; get; grow; go等..如:1 Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了;天气变得越来越暖和..2 The tree has grown much taller than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了..三、句型3:Subject主语+ Verb 谓语+ Object 宾语这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词; 所谓及物动词;就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语;其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当..例:1 He took his bag and left.名词他拿着书包离开了..2 Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. 代词当我遇到困难时;李雷总能给我帮助..3 She plans to travel in the coming May Day.不定式她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游..4 I don’t know what I should do next. 从句我不知道下一步该干什么..注意:英语中的许多动词既是及物动词;又是不及物动词..四、句型4: Subject主语+Verb谓语+ Indirect object间接宾语+Direct object 直接宾语这种句型中;直接宾语为主要宾语;表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的;在句中不可或缺;常常由表示“物”的名词来充当;间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语;去掉之后;对整个句子的影响不大;多由指“人”的名词或代词承担..引导这类双宾语的常见动词有:buy; pass; lend; give; tell; teach; show; bring; send等..如:1 Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物..2The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事.. 上述句子还可以表达为:1Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.2The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.五、句型5: Subject主语+Verb 动词+Object 宾语+Complement补语这种句型中的“宾语+补语”统称为“复合宾语”..宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等..担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等..如:1You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你应该让屋子保持干净整洁..形容词2 We made him our monitor.名词我们选他当班长..3 His father told him not to play in the street.不定式他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩..4My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball.现在分词5 Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans.过去分词●常见的动词有: tell; ask; advise; help; want; would like; order; force; allow等..●注意:动词have; make; let; see; hear; notice; feel; watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时;不带to..如:1 The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作..2 I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.昨天晚上我听见她在隔壁唱了一个晚上..独立主格结构一独立主格结构的构成:名词代词+现在分词、过去分词;名词代词+形容词;名词代词+副词;名词代词+不定式;名词代词 +介词短语构成..二独立主格结构的特点:1独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同;它独立存在..2名词或代词与后面的分词;形容词;副词;不定式;介词等是主谓关系..3独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开..举例:The test finished; we began our holiday.= When the test was finished; we began our holiday.考试结束了;我们开始放假..The president assassinated; the whole country was in deep sorrow.= After the president was assassinated; the whole country was in deep sorrow.总统被谋杀了;举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中..Weather permitting; we are going to visit you tomorrow.如果天气允许;我们明天去看你..This done; we went home.工作完成后;我们才回家..The meeting gone over; everyone tired to go home earlier.会议结束后;每个人都想早点回家..He came into the room; his ears red with cold.他回到了房子里;耳朵冻坏了..He came out of the library; a large book under his arm.他夹着本厚书;走出了图书馆..三 With的复合结构作独立主格表伴随时;既可用分词的独立结构;也可用with的复合结构..with +名词代词+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语举例: He stood there; his hand raised.= He stood there; with his hand raise.典型例题The murder was brought in; with his hands ___ behind his back..A. being tiedB. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied答案D. with +名词代词+分词+介词短语结构..当分词表示伴随状况时;其主语常常用with来引导..由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系;因此用过去分词;选D.注意:1 独立主格结构使用介词的问题:当介词是in时;其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分如物主代词或冠词;也不用复数..但 with 的复合结构不受此限制A robber burst into the room; knife in hand.hand前不能加his..2 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时;及物动词用现在分词;不及物动词用过去分词..He lay there; his teeth set; his hand clenched; his eyes looking straight up.典型例题:Weather___; we'll go out for a walk.A permittedB permittingC permitsD for permitting答案B. 本题中没有连词;它不是复合句;也不是并列句.. 句中使用了逗号;且we 小写;可知其不是两个简单句..能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构..据此判断;本句中使用的是独立结构;其结构为:名词+分词.. 由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许';表主动;应用现在分词;故选B..如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式;不妨将句子改为条件句;例如本句改为If weather permits; we'll go out for a walk. 然后将if 去掉;再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可..不能“以貌取意”的常见句型例析1.This is the last thing I would ever want to do.这是我最不愿做的一件事情..析“the last +to do;the last +定语从句”中的last的意思为“least willing/likely”;译为“最不愿意;最不可能”..He's the last man I want to see.他是我最不想见的人..He is the last person to tell a lie.他是最不可能撒谎的人..She's the last woman I want to sit next to at dinner.她是我在宴会上最不愿与之挨着坐的女人..2.One can't be too honest.人越老实越好..析句中“cannot...too...”意为“无论怎样……也不过分”或“越……越好”..该句型中的not可以换成 hardly;never或scarcely;too可以换成 over 或enough等;意思不变..You cannot be too careful.You cannot be over careful.=You cannot be careful enough.你越仔细越好..A man can never have too many friends.朋友越多越好..3.It's a wise man that never makes mistakes.无论多么聪明的人;也难免犯错误..析“It is a +形容词+名词+that...”结构是一个特殊的习惯用法;意思是“无论怎样的……也不……”..真正的句子意思与字面意思相反;它具有含蓄的让步意味;切不可望文生义、译成强调句型..It's a long lane that has no turning.无论怎样长的巷子也有转弯处..引申意义为:耐心等待终会时来运转..It's a good horse that never stumbles.再好的马也有失前蹄的时候..引申意义为:金无足赤;人无完人..4I'm too anxious to know the result.我极想知道结果..析英语中“too...to...”结构表示“太……以致不”的意思..例如:The star is too small to see.但是;如果too后形容词表示主语的状态、心理活动、情感态度常见的有glad;easy;ready;anxious;eager; willing;happy等;并与其后的不定式构成固定搭配;这时too含有肯定意义;表示“very;extremely”的意思.. They are too anxious to leave.他们急于离去..Mr.Smith was too eager to see her.史密斯先生极想见到她..5.It's three years since he was a teacher.他不当教师已经三年了..析在“It is some time since +主语+谓语+其它成分..”这一结构中;如果从句谓语动词是非延续性动词;那么时间的计算就从该动作的发生开始算起..It‘s three years since he joined the army.他参军已经三年了..如果从句谓语动词是延续性动词;时间就要从该动作的结束算起..It's many years since they lived here.他们不在这儿住已经好多年了.. 6.All that glitters is not gold.闪光的东西不一定都是金子..析在句中当不定代词all;both;every及 every的复合词;副词always;often;entirely与 not一起使用时;表示部分否定;意思是“并非都是”;“不是每个人都”等..I don't remember all these formulas.这些公式我并非全都记得..Every man cannot do it.并非每个人都能做这个..I don't entirely agree with you.我并不完全同意你的看法..注意:当all;both;every等词和带im-;in-;un-;dis-等表示否定意义的前缀的词连用时;表示全部否定的意义..All your answers are incorrect.你所有的答案都不正确..表示全部否定时;我们常使用no;not;nobody;nothing;never;nowhere;neither等词..None of the teachers smoke.这些老师都不抽烟..7.The mountain is not valuable because it is high.山并不因为高而具有价值..山不在高析含有原因状语从句的主从复合句;形式上虽然否定主句的谓语;然而意义上则是否定该原因状语;译为“并不因为……而……”..You cannot walk away just because someone tells you he doesn't want to buy.你不能仅仅因为他告诉你不买就走开..Galileo was not ready to accept it just because Aristotle had said so.伽利略并不只是因为亚里斯多德说过某事如何如何;就轻易相信它..8.I didn't pretend to understand what he said.我假装没懂他说的话..析常用动词pretend;happen的否定形式有两种:既可以否定pretend;也可以否定其后的不定式;其意义不变..I didn't happen to be there.=I happened not to be there.我恰巧不在那儿..They didn't pretend to see me when I went by.=They pretended not to see me when I went by.当我经过的时候;他们假装没有看见我..9Let's have a rest under the big tree. It's nice and cool here.让我们在大树下歇会吧..这儿很凉快..析nice and;good and都表示“很;非常;完全”的意思..and前的形容词实质上起副词作用;修饰后边的形容词;表示强调..I am good and ready.我都准备好了..It is good and cold in the morning.早上非常冷..。
高考英语之非谓语动词作宾补,表语,同位语,独立主格
高考英语之非谓语动词作宾补宾补——宾语补足语,即对宾语的补充说明。
这种语法现象出现频率很高,但是,不是所有动词都有宾补。
非谓语作宾补的形式也不尽相同。
本文详细讲解了高考考点的相关内容。
下面举些简单的宾补例子。
例如:——The dog keeps me happy. 那只让我很开心。
(形容词作宾补)——Don’t let me at home 不要让我待在家。
(介词短语作宾补)——We made him monitor. 我们选他作班长。
(名词作宾补)1.to do 作宾语补足补。
(1)某些特定词后接宾语,再接to do 作宾补。
句中的宾语常为非谓语的逻辑主语,即宾语发出非谓语的动作。
表主动,将要。
形式为:V.+ sb./sth. to do.例如:——Your mom asked you to go home and have dinner.你妈妈叫你回家吃饭。
解析:you 发出to go 和have 动作,即两者之间为主动关系。
表将要。
——Parents don’t allow their children to eat too much sugar.父母不允许他们的孩子吃太多的糖。
解析:children 发出to eat 动作,表主动,将要。
—— Students are not allowed to swim in the river.学生们不允许到河里游泳。
解析:将此被动句变成主动句:——not allow students to swim in the river. 所以还是to swim 作宾补。
常用的同类动词:advise 建议allow /permit 允许beg 祈求require/ request/demand 要求ask 询问,要求cause 导致encourage鼓励expect 盼望forbid 禁止force 强迫intend 意图invite 邀请order 命令persuade 说服prefer喜欢teach/instruct教remind提醒tell告诉want想要warn 警告wish 希望promise 答应注:下列词,用在被动句中,做主语补足语。
独立主格结构
2.Time permitting, we`ll go there on foot.主动 (现在分词)
3. His friend to come tonight, he is busy
preparing the dinner.表示未发生的动作或状 态(不定式)
(二) 逻辑主语 + ( being ) + 表语
With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow.
Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow. When winter comes on, the trees turn yellow.
谢 谢!
( 形容词、副词、名词或介词短语)
He entered the house, his nose red with cold.(形容词) The meeting being over, our headmaster soon left the meeting-room.(副词) Our teacher came into the classroom, book in hand.(介词短语) I receive many Christmas gifts, some of them books.(名词)
独立主格结构
Independent Nominative
1.
独立主格结构的概念 独立主格结构的特点 独立主格结构的类型 独立主格结构的功能
2.
3.
4.
5.
With/without复合结构
独立主格结构的概念
独立主格结构(Absolute Phrase)由两部分
组成:前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。
独立主格
独立主格结构一、概念:“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语,加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。
这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系,通常称为“独立主格结构”。
二、功能:“独立主格结构”实质就是带有自己主语的非限定状语从句。
众所周知非限定性从句通常以主句的某一成分作为自己的逻辑主语,从而依附于主句。
而有些非限定性从句和无动词从句带有自己的主语,在结构上与主句不发生关系,因此成为独立主格结构。
其实,虽然叫做独立主格结构,并不是真正的独立,它还是一种从属分句,在句中有多种作用。
如:表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等,在句中通常起状语作用。
A.作状语独立主格结构作状语,其功能相当于一个状语从句或并列分句。
1.表示时间Night coming on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel. 夜幕降临,我们在一家小旅馆住了下来。
(= When night came on, we put ourselves up in a small hotel.)All the guests seated, they began their dinner.所有的客人就坐后,他们才开始吃饭。
(= When all the guests were seated, they began their dinner.)With everything she needed bought, Grace took a taxi home.所需要的都买好后,格雷斯打的回家了。
(After everything she needed was bought, Grace took a taxi home.)2.表示原因With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.有许多难题要解决,新当选的总统日子不好过。
语法填空动词填空被动语态与独立主格的区分
语法填空动词填空被动语态与独立主格的区分
被动语态和独立主格结构是英语语法中的两种重要结构,它们的区别如下:
1. 被动语态:表示主语是动作的接受者,强调动作对主语的影响。
被动语态由助动词be和及物动词的过去分词构成,如“The book was written by him.”。
2. 独立主格:是一种特殊的语法结构,其中主语和主句分开,通常由名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词等构成。
独立主格结构可以表示主语执行的动作或状态,但不强调动作对主语的影响。
例如,“The book written by him is very popular.”,这里的“written by him”就是独立主格结构,表示“他写的书”。
总结来说,被动语态强调动作对主语的影响,而独立主格结构则强调动作的执行者或状态,而不强调动作对主语的影响。
在理解句子时,可以通过判断强调点来区分这两种结构。
高中英语独立主格结构详细讲解
高中英语独立主格结构详细讲解独立主格一、独立主格结构的含义和实质独立主格结构是一种非谓语动词分句或无动词分句,带有自己的逻辑主语。
虽然在语法上与主句不发生关系,但实际上是一种从属分句,与主句共同表达一个完整的意思。
通常在句中起状语分句的作用,可以放于句首或句尾,并用逗号和主句隔开。
二、独立主格结构的基本形式和功能独立主格结构由名词或代词和非谓语动词分句或无动词分句组成。
名词或代词起逻辑主语的作用,而后面的分句表示其动作或状态。
基本形式为名词普通格或代词主格加上现在分词、过去分词、不定式、名词、形容词、副词或介词短语,再加上with引导的复合结构。
1.名词/代词+现在分词现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。
例如:The man lay there。
his hands trembling.So many students were absent that the meeting had to be put off.Tom went to sleep after finishing XXX.2.名词/代词+过去分词过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。
例如:The boy lay on his back。
his hands crossed under his head.The job was not finished。
so we couldn't see the film.XXX。
and XXX.3.名词/代词+不定式不定式表示将来的动作。
例如:XXX going for a ic。
with Mary providing the food.These are the first two books。
with the third one set to be released next month。
We will gather at 7:30.and the n will begin XXX 8.Many people。
独立主格结构
高中英语独立主格结构非谓语动词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。
但有时非谓语动词带有自己的主语,从而在结构上与主语不发生关系,我们称之为独立主格结构(Absolute Construction)。
其实,所谓“独立主格结构”也并非真正独立,它还是一种从属的结构。
一、非谓语动词独立主格结构在独立主格结构中,非谓语动词和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
Such an able man to help you,you will surely succeed sooner or later.有这么能干的人来帮你, 你迟早一定会成功的。
(such an able man和 to help you 之间存在着主谓关系) = Since such an able man will help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.他在书桌旁坐好后,他母亲开始给他讲故事。
(seating himself at the desk拥有了自己的逻辑主语he,注意是“主格”)= When he seated himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.The key to the bike lost, he had to walk to school.由于丢了自行车钥匙,他只好步行去学校。
(lost 的逻辑主语是the key,lost 也可以用完成式having been lost)= Because the key to the bike had been lost, he had to walk to school.A.不定式“独立主格结构”在“逻辑主语+动词不定式”结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系。
独立主格结构英语句子结构
独立主格结构独立主格结构(Independent Genitive)有两局部组成,前一部份是或者代词,后一局部是非(不定式、动名词和)或形容词、、或介词短语.前后两局部具有逻辑主谓关系.独立主格结构在句中做状语,多用于书面语.独立主格结构本身不是句子,在句子xx状语,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等.详细概述非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑须与主句主语保持一致.假设不一致,非谓语动词形式须另带主语,从而构成复合结构的形式作状语.这种结构称为〃独立结构〃.其中,非谓语动词主动用V・ing,被动用V-ed.非谓语动词及其短语前面带有逻辑主语,逻辑主语的又是主格,故常称为〃独立主格〃.〃独立结构〃在句中起状语作用,相当于状语从句,表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随等情况.功能独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中,其作用相当于一个,常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等.例如:表示时间The meeting being over, all of us went home,开完会后我们都回家了.Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea.她干完了活, 坐下来喝茶.表示条件The condition being favourable, he may succeed.假设条件有利,他或许能成功.表示原因There being no taxes, we had to walk,没有出租车,我们只好步行.1 / 15He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷,所以他把她裹得严严实实的.表示伴随情况Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体,而银那么是最好的导体.(=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.)用法独立主格结构主要表示发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等,相当于一个状语从句或并列句.用作时间状语The work done(=After the work had been done), we went home. 1:作完成后, 我们就回家了.用作条件状语Weather permitting(=lf weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.如果天气允许的话,他们将在明天组织一次xx小游.用作原因状语An important lecture to be given tomorrow(=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night. 由于明天要发表一个重要的演讲,教授不得不熬夜到很晚.用作伴随状语He was lying on the grass,his hands crossed under his head(=and his hands were crossed under his head),他躺在草地上,两手交叉枕在脑后.表示补充说明2/15We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two.我们加倍努力,一个人干两个人的活.*注:独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时,相当于一个状语从句,一般放在句首,表示原因时还可放在句末;表伴随状况或补充说明时,相当于一个并列句,通常放于句末.形式1> 一般独立主格形式:与主句逻辑关系松散形式为:n. + -ed/-ing形式;n. +不定式;n. +; n. + ; n. +副词.;名词/主格代词+现在分词名词/主格代词与之间是主谓关系.如:The girl staring at him(= As the girl stared at him), he didn't know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他,他不知道说什么好.Time permitting(= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话,我们明天去郊游.名词/主格代词+过去分词名词/主格代词与过去分词之间是动宾关系.如:The problems solved(= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.随着问题的解决,质量已经提升了.Her glasses broken(= Because her glasses were broken), she couldn't see the words on the blackboard,由于眼镜摔坏了,她看不见黑板上的字.名词/主格代词+不定式名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系,且强调的是一次具体性的动作. 如:3/15He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些I日零件,他要做一个飞机模型.They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore.他们道别后,一个回了家,一个去了书店.名词/主格代词+形容词如:An air accident happened to the plane,nobody alive.那架飞机遭遇了空难,无一人生还.So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off,这么多人缺席,会议不得不取消.名词/主格代词+副词如:He put on his sweater,wrong side out,他把毛衣穿反了.The meeting over, they all went home.会议一结束,他们就都回家了.名词/主格代词+介词短语如:The boy goes to the classroom,book in hand,那男孩手里拿着书去教室.Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door.靠近火炉坐着,背对着门.2>with引导的独立主格:与主句逻辑关系紧密形式为:with + n. + -ed/-ing 形式;with + n. +abj.; with +n. + 介词短语3>each引导的强调型独立主格:尾的复数名词4/15形式为:句子+复数名词结尾,each +介词短语/形容词短语/名词短语/・ing 形式/-ed形式如:4>其他形式There being +名词〔代词〕如:There being nothing else to do, we went home.没有别的事可做,我们就回家了.There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了,我宣布散会.It being +名词〔代词〕如:It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故, 政府机关都休息.It being a holiday, all the shops were shut,由于今天是,所有商店都关门了.特点1〕独立主格结构的与句子的主语不同,它独立存在.2〕名词或代词与后面的,形容词,副词,不定式,等是主谓关系.3〕独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开.举例:The test finished, we began our holiday.=When the test was finished, we began our holiday.5/15测试结束了,我们开始放假.The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.=After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中.Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.如果天气允许,我们明天去看你.This done, we went home.工作完成后,我们才回家.The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家.He came into the room,his ears red with cold.他回到了房子里,耳朵冻坏了.He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆注:独立主格结构有时可在其前加上介词with.如:Don't sleep with the windows open.别开着窗睡觉.He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.他和衣躺在床上.She came in with a book in her hand,她手里拿着一本书走了进来.He fell asleep with the lamp burning.他没熄灯就睡着了.I won't be able to go on holiday with my mother being il 由于妈妈有病,我无法去度假.6/15He sat there with his eyes dosed,他闭目坐在那儿.All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作.I can't go out with all these clothes to wash.要洗这些衣服,我无法出去了.考前须知1•独立主格与状语从句的转换当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时,可用独立主格结构取代状语从句,但不再保存连词.如:After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.卜课后,学生很快离开了课室.2.不能省略being (having been)的情形:在以下两种情况下,独立主格结构中的being (或having been)不能省略.(1)独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时.如:It being Sunday, we went to church. 由于是星期天,我们去了做礼拜.(2)在There being+名词的结构中.如:There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.由于没有公共汽车,所以我们不得不步行回家.3.在〃名词(或代词)+介词短语〃构成的独立主格结构中,一般不用和冠词.如:Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.xx 走进了课室,手里拿着一本书.比拟with 的复合结构.如:Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in her hand.4.独立主格结构没有所有格形式The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting.主编来了,我们开始开会.(比拟复合结构.)例如请看下面一道题:Not far from the school there was a garden,owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon.7 / 15A. itsB. whoseC. whichD. that【分析】此题很容易误选B,许多同学会认为句中逗号后是一个非限制性的,whose在定语从句中用作定语修饰其后的名词owner.此分析从外表上看,似乎天衣无缝,但实质上是错的,原因是空格后根本不是一个句子,由于没有谓语.尽管句中有两个动词,但它们都是非谓语动词.也许有的同学认为,其中的seated可视为谓语动词,但是注意,seat用作动词时,它总是及物的,其后要么接,要么它就用于,所以假设在seated前加上助动词is,那么可以选择B (当然假设将seated改为sitting,也应选择A).所以此题最正确答案选Ao请再看一个类似的例子:(1)He wrote a lot of novels, many of translated into foreignlanguages.A. itB. themC.whichD. that(2)He wrote a lot of novels, many of were translated into foreignlanguages.A. it B. them C. which D. that第⑴应选B,而不能选C,是由于句中的translated是过去分词(非谓语动词),假设选C,那么该从句无谓语;第⑵应选C,该句是典型的,由于该句修饰的是前面的novels,即指物,所以只能用which做of的宾语,故此题选C.再请看下面一例:(3)He wrote a lot of novels, and many of were translated intoforeign languages.A. itB. themC. whichD. that【分析】此题与上面的第⑵题不同,两句间多了一个并列连词and,说明这是一个并列句,故应选B,那么不能选C.请做做以下三题(答案均为B):8/15(1)There I met several people, two of being foreigners.〔独立主格结构〕A. whichB. themC. whomD. that(2)There I met several people, two of were foreigners.〔非限制性定语从句〕A. whichB. whomC. whoD. that(3)There I met several people, and two of were foreigners.〔两个句子〕A. whichB. themC. whomD. that英语句子结构一.简单句:英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个根本句式. 这五个根本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子.换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个根本句式生成的.这五个根本句式如下:S十V主谓结构S十V十P主系表结构S十V十.主谓XX结构S十V十.1十.2主谓xx结构S十V十.主谓xx结构说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P =表语;O=xx语;.1 =间接xx语;02 =直接xx语;C=xx语补足语五个根本句式详细解释如下:LS十V句式在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词〔vi.例如:9/15He runs quickly.他跑得快.They listened carefully.他们听得很仔细.He suffered from cold and hunger.他挨冻受饿.China belongs to the third world country. xx 属于第三世界国家. The gas has given out.煤气用完了.My ink has run out.我的钢笔水用完了.S十V十P句式The story sounds interesting.这个故事听起来有趣.The desk feels hard.书桌摸起来很硬.The cake tastes nice.饼尝起来很香.The flowers smell sweet and nice. 花闻起来xx.You have grown taller than before.你长得比以前高了.He has suddenly fallen ill.他忽然病倒了.He stood quite still.他静静地站看.He could never turn traitor to his country.他永远不会背叛他的祖国.注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如:He looked me up and down.他上下打量我.He reached his hand to feel the elephant.他伸出手来摸象.They are tasting the fish.他,们在品尝鱼.They grow rice in their home town.他们在家乡种水稻.10 /15He's got a chair to sit on.他有椅子坐.Please turn the sentence into English. 请把这个句xx 英语.3.S十V十.句式在此句式中,V是及物动词(vt.),因此有宾语.例如:I saw a film yesterday.我昨天看了一部电影.Have you read the story?你读过这个故事吗?They found their home easily.他们很容易找到他们的家.They built a house last year.他们去年建了一所房子.They've put up a factory in the village.他们在村里建了一座工厂.They have taken good care of the children.这些孩子他们照看得很好.You should look after your children well.你应该好好照看你的孩子.4.S十V十.1十02句式在此句式中,V是带有双宾语的及物动词.常见的须带双宾语的动词有give, ask, bring, offer, send, pay, lend, show, tell, buy, get; rob, warn 等.例如:He gave me a book/a book to me.他给我一本书.He brought me a pen/a pen to me.他带给我一枝钢笔.He offered me his seat/his seat to me.他把座位让给我.注意下边动词改写后介词的变化:Mother bought me a book/a book for me.妈妈给我买了一本书.He got me a chair/a chair for me.他给我弄了一把椅子.11 / 15Please do me a favor/a favor for me. 请帮我一下.He asked me a question/a question of me. 他问我个问题.注意,下边动词只有一种说法:They robbed the old man of his money.他们抢了老人的钱.He's warned me of the danger,他警告我注意危险.The doctor has cured him of his disease.医生治好了他的病.We must rid the house of the rats.我们必须赶走屋里的老鼠.They deprived him of his right to speak.他们剥夺了他说话的权利.5.S十V十.句式在此句式中,V是有宾语补足语的及物动词.常带宾语补足语的词有形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词常见的可接宾语补足语的动词很多,哪些动词可接哪几种形式作宾补,须根据动词的惯用法而定,不能统而概论.请看下面的例子.They made the girl angry.他们使这个女孩生气了.They found her happy that day.他们发现那天她很快乐.I found him out.我发现他出去了.I saw him in.我见他在家.They saw a foot mark in the sand.他们发现沙地上有脚印.They named the boy Charlie.他们给这个男孩起名为查理.They felt the car moving fast.他们感到汽车行驶得很快.I heard the glass broken just now.我刚刚听到玻璃碎了.12 /15He found the doctor of study closed to him.他发现研究所的大门对他关闭了.英语的并列句一般情况下引不起巨大的阅读障碍,由于在分句之间往往有固定的连接词说明前后分句的关系.这样的连接词有以and为代表的表示意义延伸的并列连词、以.r为代表的表示选择概念的并列连词、以but为代表的表示转折的并列连词和表示原因的for四个类型.第一种包括and, not only ... but (also )..., neither ( nor).第二种包括or, either …or …;第三种包括but, while, whereas等.第四种只有一个for.对此我们分别举一个例句说明问题:(l)As is reported, a trade agreement was signed and a cultural exchange was arranged.(2)Not only is he himself interested in the subject but all his students are beginning to show an interest in it.(3)Dr. Fisher neither loves the environment, nor is he accustomed to the weather.(4)The children can go with us, or they can stay at home.(5)You can either go it by yourself, or you can ask someone else to do it.(6)The young man has often been praised, but he is never conceited.(7)While our country has plenty of oil, theirs has none.(8)They want to live in town, whereas we would rather live in the country.(9)They apparently have a good drainage system, for the streets never seem to flood after a downpour.有必要说明的是以上的关联词并非只能有一个含义,比方and就可以表示意义增补、动作先后、转折或让步、条件和结果等等一些用法.这里笔者只是提醒大家区分从句,所以这方面的语言知识请参考相关的语法书.13 / 15另外我们还应该把并列分句和并列结构(coordinate construction)区分开来. 并列结构是由并列连词或者其他并列手段例如标点符号连接起来的语法结构序列,它包括并列分句,也包括并列的词或者词组.3、附属句构成附属关系的复杂句包括名词性分句(Nominal Clauses)(可以作主语、宾语、同位语、主语补语)、关系分句(Relative Clauses)、状语分句(Adverbial Clauses) o对于它们的连接词,在相应的语法书上都不难找到,这里就不再多讲了.需要提醒读者的是,在判定句子的类型之后,最主要的工作就是分析简单句的成分,找到主句的谓语,真正抓住句子的纲领.下面请作练习二,首先识别多重分句的类型,然后找出主句和附属分句的谓语.Laboratory scientists accustomed to noticing subtle changes in the properties of substances they are investigating are doubtless better than you or I at certain sorts of observations.这里的主语是Laboratory scientists,但是后面跟了一个过去分词定语,其中分词中的介词又跟了一个-ing形式,-ing形式后又接了一个宾语和一个带有定语的状语.本句的谓语是are doubtless better than o4 •英语的信息末端原那么的应用在英语中,信息含量大的局部往往出现在句子的末尾.这个特点一方面造就了一些非正常语序的句子,另一方面可以给我们提供线索,帮助我们正确理解英语中的长句.我们知道,一个信息发出者要表达丰富的信息,离开从句是寸步难行的.可是不管句子结构多么复杂,根本的句型还是只有五种.下面我们可以通过逐一的分析,探讨英语难句形成的规律.对于SV结构,由于英语句子一般是末尾的信息含量大,所以这种句子往往难以构成阅读困难,至多是主语位置有定语从句或者同位语从句.例如:(例子).SVO 结构的难点在于主语和宾语都可以连接定语从句;SVC结构也难以构成较复杂的句子;SVOC结构如果出现长句,那么往往是补语被调整到宾语的前面;SV..结构也要注意哪个是直接宾语,哪个是间接宾语.14 / 15SVOC: People often let their fear of speaking up and appearing more dull- witted than their peers interfere with their understanding.Derived from theoretical considerations and confirmed by observations, the velocity-distance law has made secure the concept of an expanding universe.下面请做练习,识别主句的根本类型.1.They would find relevant the antislavery attitudes of Northerners during the colonial period, the conflict over slavery in the Constitutional Convention, the Missouri Compromise, the militant abolitionist movement of the 1830, and the Compromise of 1850.2.The study made clear that the working class that is so over-represented in crime statistics consists of lower-class people living in the lower-class areas of large cities.from the People's Daily on current affairs in .15 /15。
初中语文句子成分知识点总结
初中语文句子成分知识点总结在初中语文学习中,句子成分是了解和掌握句子结构以及语法规则的重要内容之一。
句子成分是句子中基本的组成部分,可以帮助我们正确理解句子的意思,同时也是识别和分析句子成分的重要基础。
本文将对初中语文中常见的句子成分进行总结和介绍。
一、主语与谓语主语是句子中最重要的成分之一,它通常回答“谁做了什么”的问题。
可以是名词、代词、数词等。
主语一般位于句子的谓语动词之前。
例如:“小明”是一个好学生。
谓语是句子中另一个重要的成分,通过动词或动词短语来表示主语的动作或状态。
它通常回答“做了什么”或“怎么样”的问题。
例如:“小明喜欢吃苹果。
”二、宾语和宾语补足语宾语是句子中的重要成分,它回答“受到了什么”的问题,可以是名词、代词等。
宾语一般位于及物动词后面。
例如:“他喜欢吃水果”。
宾语补足语是宾语后面用以补充宾语的成分。
它标志着宾语的状态或性质。
常见的宾语补足语有名词、形容词、副词等。
例如:“她被他选为班长”。
三、定语和状语定语是对名词或代词进行修饰的成分,用来限定名词或代词的范围或表达特定的意义。
定语可以是形容词、名词等。
例如:“漂亮的花”、“他的书”。
状语是句子中修饰谓语、动词、形容词或副词的成分,表示时间、地点、方式、原因、条件等。
状语可以是副词、介词短语或从句等。
例如:“他慢慢地走进教室”。
四、表语和主语补足语表语是句子中修饰主语或宾语的成分,用于说明主语或宾语的属性或状态。
表语一般位于系动词之后,与主语在意义上是对等的关系。
例如:“花开了”。
“这个故事很有趣”。
主语补足语是系动词后面用以补充主语的成分,用来说明主语的属性、身份、状态等。
常见的主语补足语有形容词、名词等。
例如:“他是一名医生”。
五、独立成分独立成分是句子中不属于主语、谓语、宾语的成分,它可以独立存在,不影响句子的基本结构。
常见的独立成分有独立主格、独立宾格、状语、插入语等。
例如:“她,爱好音乐。
”。
六、句子成分的分析在句子中,理解和分析句子成分的结构有助于我们正确地理解句子的含义。
高三英语独立主格结构常见类型及其用法知识点分析
独立主格结构常见类型与其用法独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词〔副〕词、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。
该结构不是句子,也不是从句,所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化,它与其主句之间既不能通过并列连词连接也不能有从句引导词引导,常用逗号与其主句隔开。
独立主格结构在很多情况下可以转化为相应的状语从句或其他状语形式,但很多时候不能转化为分词形式,因为它内部动词的逻辑主语与主句主语不一致。
在做这类题目时一定要小心判断,不能粗心大意。
一、独立主格结构的构成形式1、逻辑主语+V-ing这种构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者,分词表示的动作不是整句主语发出的动作,而是其逻辑主语发出的动作。
如:1.__________no bus, we had to walk home.A.There beingB.BeingC.Having beenD.There was2._______no bus, we had to walk home.A.As there beingB.As there wasC.BeingD.There was3._______Sunday, the library doesn't open.A.BeingB.There beingC.It beingD.Having been4.______Sunday, the library doesn't open.A.As it beingB.BeingC.It isD.As it is2、逻辑主语+V-ed该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。
如:1._________, the train started.A.The signal givenB.Giving the signal B.The signal being given D.The signal giving2.__________, the train started.A.After having given the signalB.After the signal givenC.Giving the signalD.After the signal was given3._________, the text became easier for us to learn.A.Explaining new wordsB.New words explainedC.Being explained new wordsD.Having explained new words4.______________, the text became easier for us to learn.A. When new words were explainedB.Explaining new wordsB.New words explaining D.Being explained new words3、逻辑主语+形容词〔副词〕该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主—系—表〞结构。
五种基本句型结构和独立主格结构
五种基本句型结构和独立主格结构
1.主语+谓语。
例如:我喜欢跑步。
2.主语+谓语+宾语。
例如:他买了一辆新车。
3.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。
例如:他认为这个问题很重要。
4.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语+定语。
例如:大家都认为这个房子很漂亮。
5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语+状语。
例如:他把钥匙放在桌子上。
独立主格结构是一种无主语的句子结构,主要由一个名词或名词短语加上一个现在分词或过去分词构成,用来表示附加的动作或状态。
它常常表示时间、原因、条件、让步等关系。
例如:
-时间状语:天亮了,小鸟开始唱歌。
-原因状语:天气很热,他汗流浃背。
-条件状语:下雨了,我们就呆在家里。
需要注意的是,独立主格结构不依赖于句子的其他成分,所以可以省略或移动而不影响句子的完整性。
(word完整版)高中英语语法独立主格结构讲解
独立主格结构:独立主格结构,又叫独立结构(absolute construction).它在句法上游离与句子主体之外,跟主句没有任何语法联系;但在意义上却与主句紧密联系在一起,给他构成一个完整的寓意环境。
独立主格结构没有主语和位于,只有逻辑上的主语,因此,它在句法上不是句子,而是一个独立于句子成分之外的独特结构形式。
独立主格结构可置于句首、句尾,用逗号上与主句隔开。
一、独立主格结构的形式独立结构可分为俩部分,一部分事名词或代词(主格),起着逻辑主语的作用;另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成,表示前面名词或代词的状态或动作。
1)名词/代词+形容词I heard that she got injured in the accident , my heart full of worry. 我听说她在这次事故中受了伤,内心充满担忧。
He stood silent in the moon-light, his door open .月光下,门开着,他默默地站在那。
2)名词/代词+现在分词Winter coming ,it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了,天气越来越冷了。
The rain having stopped ,he went out for a walk. 雨停了,他出去散散步。
3)名词/代词+过去分词More time given ,we should have done it much better. 如果给我们更多时间,我们会做的更好。
The boy stood there , his right hand raised. 那个男生站在那里,右手高举。
4)名词/代词(主格)+不定式Here are the first two volumes , the third one to come out next month.这是前俩卷,第三卷将于下雨问世。
独立主格结构
独立主格结构独立主格结构是一种特殊的结构,用于修饰整个句子,与主句之间不能使用任何连接词,其具有两个特点:1. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
2. 独立主格结构一般用逗号与句子分开。
◆独立主格结构有三种类型:◆逻辑主语+非谓语动词(不定式、现在分词、过去分词)◆逻辑主语+(being)+表语(名词、形容词、副词、介词短语)◆with/without +复合宾语(不定式、现在/过去分词、形容词、副词、介词短语)1. “名词/代词+不定式”结构,往往表示不定式通常表示尚未发生或即将要发生的动作。
e.g. His friends to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinnere.g. No one to wake me up, I might be late for the first class.如果没人叫醒我,我会错过第一节课的。
2. “名词/代词+现在分词”结构现在分词常作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、方式或伴随状语等,通常表示动作正在进行(或当时正在进行)。
有时表示一般情况的状态或动作。
Their room was on the third floor, it`s window overlooking the sports groundEveryone having sat down, the teacher began his class.(相当于时间状语从句: When everyone had sat down)The boy leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest. (相当于:Because the boy led the way)My health allowing, I will work far into the night.(相当于:If my health allows)We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two.The students are walking in the school happily, each wearing a card infront of his chest.3. “名词/代词+过去分词”结构:过去分词通常表示被动意义或完成意义。
独立主格结构归纳
英语中的独立主格结构归纳独立主格结构的概念一:独立主格结构是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语,加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。
这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系,通常称为“独立主格结构”。
它的位置相当灵活,可置于主句前、主句末或主句中,常由逗号将其与主句分开。
需特别注意的是,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
二:“独立主格结构”在句中的功能就相当于一个带有自己主语的非限制性状语从句。
三:虽然叫做独立主格结构,并不是真正的独立,它还是一种从属分句,在句中有多种作用。
如:表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等,在句中通常起状语作用。
四:独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中,其作用相当于一个状语从句,常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。
五:独立主格结构表示时间、条件或原因时,相当于一个状语从句,一般放在句首,表示原因时还可放在句末;表伴随状况或补充说明时,相当于一个并列句,通常放于句末。
独立主格结构基本构成形式独立主格结构可分为两部分,一部分是名词或代词(主格),起着逻辑主语的作用;另一部分由形容词、副词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等构成,表示前面名词或代词的状态、状况或动作。
1)名词/代词+形容词♣He stood silent in the moon-light,his door open.2)名词/代词+现在分词♣Winter coming,it gets colder and colder.3)名词/代词+过去分词♣More time given,we should have done it much better.4)名词/代词(主格)+不定式No one to wake me up ,I might be late for the first class.5)名词/代词十介词短语♣We walked out, one behind the other. 我们一个接一个地走了出来。
高中英语独立主格结构用法总结
高中英语独立主格结构用法总结独立主格结构独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语构成的一种独立主格成分。
With的复合结构可以看作是独立主格结构中的一种形式。
一、独立主格结构的特点1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词等是主谓关系。
3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
The test finished, we began our holiday.= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.二、独立主格结构的构成:名词普通格或代词主格+ 现在分词/过去分词/不定式/名词/形容词/副词/介词短语。
1.名词(或代词)+ doing(doing表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态)The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.向导领着路,我们毫不费力地走出了森林。
He seating himself at the desk, his mother began to tell him a story.注意:系动词be也可以用分词形式的独立结构。
It being National Day today,the streets are very crowded.=As it is National Day today,the streets are very crowded.)There being no further business to discuss,we all went home.=As there was no further business to discuss,we all went home.)没有别的事可讨论,我们都回家了。
英语句子成分讲解(1)
He always kept silent at meeting.
他开会时总保持沉默。
3)表像系动词,用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要 有seem, appear, look, 例如: He looks tired. He seems (to be) very sad. 4)感官系动词,主要有feel, smell, sound, taste This flower smells very sweet.
什么情况下用it作形式主语?
当不定式、动名词或从句在某个句子中作主语 时,为保持句子结构前后平衡,避免头重脚轻, 因此常用it作形式主语置于句首,而将真正的 主语放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用,本 身无词义。
你能划出下列句子的真正的主语吗?你懂得翻 译下列句子吗? 1) It is wrong to tell a lie. ( 说谎是错误的。) 2) It is no use arguing about it. (争吵是没用的。) 3) It is uncertain who will come. (谁要来还不确定。 )
句子成分与结构
英语的句子成分:
பைடு நூலகம்
一) 主语: 名词 Walls have ears. He will take you to the hospital. 代词 Three plus four equals seven. 数词 To see is to believe. to do不定式 Smoking is not allowed in public places. doing动名词 Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. 句子 动词/动词短语 担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动 二)谓语由_____________ 词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。 Action speaks louder than words. The chance may never come again. Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994.
主语补足语如何辨别
主语补足语如何辨别对于主语补足语,语法家们各有不同的看法。
以下是由店铺整理关于什么是主语补足语的内容,希望大家喜欢!主语补足语的简介主动语态中的宾语补足语,可以转化为被动语态中的主语补足语。
eg. They caught the boy stealing. (stealing 作为宾语补足语)转化为被动语态The boy was caught stealing. (stealing转化为主语补足语)主语补足语的关系被动语态的主语补足语与主动语态的宾语补足语是密切相关的。
例如:(1) I saw him playing basketball yesterday.(2) He was seen playing basketball yesterday.句(1)中的含义不是我看见他,而是我看见他正在打篮球。
playing basketball是宾语him的补足语。
所以叫宾语补足语。
句(2)中的含义也不是他被看,而是别人看见他正在打篮球。
这里的playing basketball是主语he的补足语,故称作主语补足语。
主语和主语补足语一起称作复合主语。
所以含有主语补足语的句子一般是被动语态,谓语动词是可以接复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)的及物动词。
句首的主语就是主语补足语的逻辑主语。
主语补足语的形式1. 动词elect, call, name, make, find, leave等后面常接名词用作主语补足语。
例如:① The dog is called Karl.② Coal is sometimes called stored-up sunlight.③ He was found the right man for the job.2. 动词keep, make, paint, cut, burn, beat, wash, find, consider, wipe等后面常接形容词用作主语补足语。
例如:① The door was painted white.② The old man was found weak.③ The classroom is always kept clean every day.3. 动词see, watch, hear, feel, listen to, look at, imagine等后面接分词用作主语补足语。
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Subject complement 主语补足语(重点)课文例句We walked to school, wandered wild in the summer.此时的的wild使用的是过去分词,做we 的补足语,而不是修饰wander,所以不是adv.例子At the age of 80, her mind began to wander free.80岁的时候,她的思想开始漫无目的地游走。
A miser ['maɪzə] is a person who lives poor so as to die rich.吝啬鬼是穷嗖嗖地活着就为了死时富得流油。
如果主动句是“主语-动词-宾语-宾补”(SVOC)的结构,变为被动句时,原来的宾语变做主语,原来的宾补变成主补。
We regard him as the best dentist in town.我们认为他是城里最好的牙医。
>>>He is regarded as the best dentist in town.他被公认为城里最好的牙医。
A book is lying flat on the table, and the imaginary people waiting for me to bring them to life. 有本书平摊在桌上,书里的那些想象中的人物正在等待这我回去将他们唤醒。
独立主格分词作状语时其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语是一致的,否则分词就有自己的逻辑主语,这种自带主语的分词就是所谓的分词的独立主格。
英语中,独立主格由“名词或代词+形容词、副词、分词不、不定式、介词短语等”构成,其中的“名词或代词”用主格形式,起逻辑主语的作用其后的“形容词、副词、分词不、不定式、介词短语等”起逻辑谓语的作用。
而且,独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词“名词或代词+介词短语”的用法He was waiting, his eyes on her back. 他在等着,眼睛望着她的背影。
The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hand. 士兵们端着枪冲了进来。
The old woman sat down, traces of tears still on her cheeks. 老太太坐下来,面颊上还带有泪痕。
“名词或代词+现在分词”的用法。
The children playing in the room, I could not get down studying.孩子们在屋里玩,我没法学习。
Mother being ill, I had to stay at home looking after her. 母亲病了,我只好呆在家里照顾她。
“名词或代词+过去分词”的用法。
The job finished, we went home. 工作结束后我们就回家了。
Everyone helped, John not excepted. 大家都来帮忙,约翰也不例外。
Everything considered, his plan seems better. 从各方面考虑,他的计划似乎好一些。
“名词或代词+名词”的用法。
Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children. 两百人死于事故,其中有许多儿童。
His book now a bestseller, he felt pleased with the world. 他的书成了畅销书,他对一切都满意“名词或代词+副词”这类独立主格结构中,其中的副词主要是over, on, off, up, down等这类小品词,一般不用-ly 这类方式副词The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room. 散会了,校长很快离开了会议室。
The lights off, we could not go on with the work. 灯熄了,我们不能继续工作了。
“名词或代词+形容词”的用法。
He entered the room, his face pale. 他走进屋来脸色苍白。
Computers very small, we can use them widely. 电脑虽小,我们却能广泛地利用它们。
“名词/代词+动词不定式”这类独立主格结构中,动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,动词不定式则用主动的形式;如果是动宾关系,则用被动形式。
We divided the work, he to dean the window and I to sweep the floor.我们分了工,他擦窗户,我扫地。
A number of officials followed the emperor, some to hold his robe, others to adjust his girdle .许多官员尾随皇帝之后,有的拎着皇帝的衣袍,有的则给他整腰带。
Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 种上许多的树、花和草后,我们新建的学校看上去将更美。
(被动)独立主格结构考题小练(有详解)1. I have a lot of books, half of ___d_____ novels.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. them2. _____c___ more and more forests destroyed, many animals are facing the danger of dying out.A. becauseB. asC. WithD. Since3. The bus was crowded with passengers going home from market, most of ____a____ carrying heavy bags and baskets full of fruit and vegetables they had bought there.A. themB. whoC. whomD. which4. The largest collection ever found in England was one of about 200,000 silver pennies, all of ____c____ over 600 years old.A. whichB. thatC. themD. it5. The cave ____d____ very dark, he lit some candles ________ light.A. was; givenB. was; to giveC. being; givenD. being; to give6. The soldier rushed into the cave, his right hand ___c_____ a gun and his face ________ with sweat汗.A held; covered B. holding; coveringC. holding; coveredD. held; covering7. The girl in the snapshot was smiling sweetly, her long hair ____d___.A. flowed in the breezeB. was flowing in the breezeC. were flowing in the breezeD. flowing in the breeze微风8. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _____b____ for the day.A. finishingB. finishedC. had finishedD. were finished9. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, ____a_____ parents seated together joking.A. theirB. whoseC. whichD. That因为空格后的动词seated 不是谓语,而是一个过去分词,因为seat 作动词用时,是及物动词。
10. The Smiths are rich and they have three cars, one a Toyota, __a_d_ Land Rover of the latest.后面部分实际上是独立主格结构形式,省略了beingA. anotherB. otherC. the otherD. the others1. D。
half of them novels 为独立主格结构,相当于and half of them are novels。
2. C。
考查“with + 名词+ 过去分词”结构。
3. A。
most of them carrying...为独立主格结构,相当于and most of them were carrying...,也可改为:most of whom were carrying。
注意改动后连词and 的使用和动词were的使用。
4. C。
all of them over 600 years old 为独立主格结构,相当于and all of them are over 600 years old。
5. D。
第一空填being,构成独立主格结构;第二空填不定式表目的。
6. C。
独立主格结构,his right hand 与hold有主谓关系,故用holding,而his face与cover 是动宾关系,故用covered.7. D。
her long hair 与flowing 是主动关系,这是“独立主格结构”作状语。
8. B。
因lessons与动词finish之间为被动关系,故要用过去分词。
其实,their lessons finished for the day为独立主格结构。
9. A。
此题容易误选B,认为这是非限制性定语从句。
其实,句中的their parents seated together joking 不是非限制性定语从句,而是一个独立主格结构,因为空格后的动词seated 不是谓语,而是一个过去分词,因为seat 作动词用时,是及物动词。