形容词和副词教案讲义

形容词和副词【2013高考考纲解读】形容词与副词是高考考查的热点, 高考英语中单项填空、完形填空、书面表达，任何一项题目中都有可能涉及到形容词等级、辨析和在句中的位置。

关于形容词与副词这一考点，主要考查以下几个方面：在具体的语境中考查不同形容词意义的区别；考查形容词做状语；考查比较级的用法尤其是隐性比较；考查一些习语搭配；与形容词同形的副词与形容词后加ly构成的副词的区别；多个形容词作定语时的排列顺序等。

【重点知识整合】一、形容词，副词的主要功能形容词在句中主要作定语、表语和补语，但有时也作状语，表示伴随原因等。

We find the boy considerate. (宾补)He walked in the snow, cold and hungry . （伴随状语）Afraid of difficulties, they took the easy road. （原因状语）副词作状语主要是用作修饰性状语、评注性状语及连接性状语。

其中后两种状语是现在考查的重点。

He speak English fairly fluently (修饰性状语).Fortunately，none of the them was hurt. (评注性状语)His first response was to say no. Later, however, he changed his mind. (连接性状语)注意：形容词作状语是形容主语的性质，而副词作状语则修饰动词。

如：He walked home slowly. He arrived home safe.二、形容词的位置：1．形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况后置：1 修饰some, any, every, no和body, thing,one等构成的复合不定代词时nobody absent, everything possible2 以-able, -ible结尾的形容词可置于有最高级或only修饰的名词之后the best book available, the only solution possible3 Afraid, ashamed, alive, alike, awake,aware, asleep等表语形容词作定语要后置the only person awake4 和空间、时间、单位连用时 a bridge 50 meters long5 形容词短语一般后置 a man difficult to get on with6 个别形容词前置和后置意义不同the members present(在场的，出席的)the present situation(现在的)the concerned parents (焦虑的)the students concerned(有关的)2．多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序：多个形容词作定语排列的顺序口诀巧记：限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠。

即：限定语（The、A）+ 描绘性形容词+ size（小）+ shape（形状）+ age（年龄、时间）+ color（颜色）+ origin（国籍、来源）+ material（材料）+ purpose（目的）+ 名词。

如：the man’s first tow interesting little red French oil paintings.a small round table a tal l gray building a dirty old brown shirta famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car多个形容词修饰同一个名词时，要从以下几个方面把握其顺序。

（1）表示不定、泛指意义的多类形容词修饰同一中心词的顺序为：限定词+ 一般描绘性形容词+ 大小（长短、高低）类+ 形状（新旧、年龄）类+ 颜色类+ 来源（国籍、地区、出处）类+ 物质（材料、质地）类+ 用途（类别、功能、作用）类+ 中心名词。

例如: a beautiful small round old yellow French wooden study room.口诀记忆: 美小圆旧黄法国木书房（2）限定词分类：前位限定：all, both, half, double,倍数，分数中位限定：冠词、指示代词、所有格及some, any, no, every, each, either, much, whose等后位限定：基数、序数及little, few, last, next, other, another, more, less, several 等（3）限定词顺序:：前位+ 中位+ 后位+ 中心词。

例如:all these last few days；some beautiful little r ed flowers注：前位、中位限定词不能两个或两个以上同时修饰同一中心词，但后位限定词可以，位置较固定。

体会: the first two chapters; the next few weeks ; another two boys;three other girls; any (no, few, three) such books3．ly结尾的形容词－ly是副词的后缀，但有些形容词以ly结尾。

friendly友好的；sisterly姐妹般的；lovely可爱的；womanly像女人的；silly傻的；ugly丑陋的；elderly较老的；oily多油的；lonely孤独的。

三、副词1)副词的分类：soon, now, early, finally, once,1 时间副词5 频度副词always, often, frequently, seldom, neverrecentlyhere, nearby, outside, upwards,6 疑问副词how, where, when, why2 地点副词abovehow, when, where, why, whether, 3 方式副词hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, 7 连接副词however, meanwhilealmost, nearly, very, fairly, quite,8 关系副词when, where, why4 程度副词rather2)副词作状语（1）有些副词像fortunately, luckily, surprisingly, honestly, actually, personally 等做评注性状语往往修饰整个句子，对整个句子进行说明或解释，表示说话人对话语的态度与看法。

通常位于句首，常用逗号与句子分开。

如：Surprisingly, no one in the class could work out the problem.Personally, I don’t think he will interview you.注：连接副词图表及运用（2）还有些副词其连接作用，使前后句构成某种逻辑上的衔接。

常见的有：意义词汇表示列举和顺序First(ly),second(ly), then, next, finally ,last表示意义增补和引申Also, besides, furthermore, moreover表示意义等同Equally, similarly表示结果therefore, thus, consequently表示推论Otherwise表示换个说法Rather, alternatively表示意义转折Instead, still, though, yet, however,表示让步Anyhow, anyway表示时间过度Meanwhile, meantimeI am wrong. Similarly, you are to blame. 我错了. 同样地,你也该受到谴责。

He was down with the flu, and therefore couldn't come to the party.Seize the chance. Otherwise you'll regret it. 抓住这个机会，否则你会后悔的。

They are enjoying themselves. (Or) Rather, they appear to be enjoying themselves.He forgot to turn on the radio and thus missed the program.It may snow, but anyhow I will go to town. 可能下雪,但我无论如何要进城。

He said he would come, he didn't, though. Mother went shopping; meanwhile, I cleaned the house.四、兼有两种形式的副词（1）不加ly表示具体概念，加ly表示抽象概念。

high空间高度Do you see that butte rfly flying high above the street?highly表示高程度The distinguished guests were highly praised.贵宾们受到了高度赞扬deep空间深度They had to dig deep to reach water.他们挖得很深才挖到水。

deeply深深地You have offended him deeply.你冒犯他可不轻。

close 接近地，紧紧地She stood close against the wall.她紧挨着墙站着。

closely 仔细地，严密地The police were watching him closely.警察在密切监视他。

【close; closely】close意为“靠近；挨近；接近”。

如：He lives close to the school. 他住得靠近学校。

closely意为“紧密地；严密地；紧紧地；仔细地”。

如：She is following the matter closely.【deep; deeply】deep多用于具体的、有形的场合。

如：They had to dig deep to find water.注意以下几个搭配：deep into the night到深夜deep in reading a book专心致志地读书deep in work (study, thought)埋头工作（学习，沉思）deeply多用于抽象的或比喻的场合，意为“深刻地；强烈地”。