七年级英语下册语法总结

七年级英语下册语法总结

一、一般现在时

1. 构成：主语+动词+其他

2. 标志词：always, usually, often, sometimes, never, 等频率副词。

3. 否定句：1)当动词是be, can, may, must, should等在其后加not

e.g. I can’t play football.

2)当是实义动词时加助动词don’t/doesn’t后跟动词原形

e.g. I don’t like football. She doesn’t like football.

4. 疑问句：1)当动词是be, can, may, must, should等将其提前

e.g. Can you swim?

2)当是实义动词时将助动词do/does 放在前面，后跟主语和动词原

形。 e.g. Does she like football?

5. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句 e.g When does she usually get up in the morning? 二、现在进行时

1. 构成：主语+be+doing+其他

2. 动词→动词-ing变化规律：

1）一般情况下直接加-ing, eg. Working

2）以不发音e结尾的去e加-ing, eg. Taking

3）以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音字母加-ing, eg. Stopping

4）特殊变化, lie—lying

3. 标志词：look, listen, now, at the moment, it’s…o’clock…

4. 否定句：be动词后加not

e.g. She is not listening to music.

5. 疑问句：将be动词提前

e.g . Is she listening to music?

6. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句e.g What is she doing now?

三、将来时

1. 构成：主语+be going to+动词原形主语＋will＋动词原形

2. 标志词：tomorrow, next day/month/year等表示将来的时间

3. 否定句：be动词后加not；will后加not

e.g. He is not going to have a piano lesson this weekend.

He will not have a piano lesson this weekend.

4. 疑问句：将be动词提前；将will提前

e.g. Is he going to have a piano lesson this weekend?

Will he going to have a piano lesson this weekend?

5. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句What are you going to do tomorrow?

What will you do tomorrow?

四、过去时

1. 构成：主语+动词过去时+其他

2. 标志词：yesterday, just now, …ago, this morning, when I was young,last…等

3. 动词→动词过去式变化规律：

1）一般动词结尾加-ed, e.g. Walk—walked

2）以字母e结尾的动词加- d, e.g. Live--lived

3）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i加-ed, e.g. Hurry—hurried

4）以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音字母加-ed, eg. Stop –stopped 特殊变化详见课本P172

4. 否定句：1）动词be过去式后直接加not

e.g. I was not in Chengdu last year.

2) 当是实义动词时，加助动词didn’t后跟动词原形

e.g. I didn’t telephone my parents yesterday.

5. 疑问句：1) 动词be过去式提前

e.g. Were you in Chengdu last year?

2) 当是实义动词时将助动词did 放在前面，后跟主语和动词原形

e.g. Did you telephone my parents yesterday?

6. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句e.g What did you do yesterday?

五、形容词、副词比较级，最高级

1. 形容词

（1）在句子中做定语，一般放在名词之前。但是当形容词修饰something, somebody, anything, anybody, nothing, nobody时，要放于其后。e.g. I have an interesting book. There is nothing serious.

(2) 作表语，放在系动词之后。

e.g. This kind of dress is expensive.

(3) 以a-开头的形容词，一般在句子中只能作表语。e.g. Keep quiet! My baby is asleep in the room.

(4) 作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后。e.g. The good news makes us very happy. 2. 副词

副词在句子中主要做状语，可以修饰动词、形容词、副词。修饰动词时，一般放在行为动词之后；修饰形容词时，一般放在形容词之前；表示时间、地点的副词一般放在句末或句首；频度副词一般放在行为动词之前。 e.g. I can’t hear you clearly.

3. 比较级用法

（1）可以单独使用eg. I hope to do better in English.

（2）和than一起用eg. Zhang Jun is stronger than Lin Tao.

（3）其他几种用法

a. 两者比较，哪一个更怎么样？Who/Which + be+比较级，A or B?

e.g. Who did better, Lucy or Lily?

b. 用比较级形式表达最高级意义

比较级+than any other+n.+比较级范围（in/of…）=比较级+than any of the others+ in/of…

=比较级+than the other+n.+in/of…(在同一范围内比较) 比较级+than any + n.+ in/of…(在两个不同范围内比较) e.g. Kate is more careful than any other girl in our class Shanghai is bigger than any city in Shangdong Province.

c. 越来越怎么样？―比较级+and+比较级‖

e.g. Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.

d. 有范围的两者之间的比较用―the+形容词比较级+of the two‖

eg. My mother is the busier of the two.

e. 用来修饰比较级的副词有：much/ far/ lots/ a lot; a litter; even;still等