GRE阅读

GRE阅读

第一题

The common belief of some linguists that each language is a perfect vehicle for the thoughts of the nation speaking it is in some ways the exact counterpart of the conviction of the Manchester school of economics that supply and demand will regulate everything for the best. Just as economists were blind to the numerous cases in which the law of supply and demand left actual wants unsatisfied, so also many linguists are deaf to those instances in which the very nature of a language calls forth misunderstandings in everyday conversation, and in which, consequently, a word has to be modified or defined in order to present the idea intended by the speaker: "He took his stick-no, not John`s, but his own." No language is perfect, and if we admit this truth, we must also admit that it is not unreasonable to investigate the relative merits of different languages or of different details in languages.

1、The misunderstanding presented by the author in lines 13-14 is similar to which of the following?

A、X uses the word "you" to refer to a group, but Y thinks that X is referring to one person only.

B、X mistakenly uses the word "anomaly" to refer to a typical example, but Y knows that "anomaly" means "exception."

C、X mistakenly uses the word "anomaly" to refer to a typical example, but Y knows that "anomaly" means "exception."

答案A

2、In presenting the argument, the author does which of the following?

A、give an example

B、draw a conclusion

C、make a generalization

答案ABC

第二题

The transplantation of organs from one individual to another normally involves two major problems: organ rejection is likely unless the transplantation antigens of both individuals are nearly identical, and the introduction of any unmatched transplantation antigens induces the development by the recipient of donor-specific lymphocytes that will produce violent rejection of further transplantations from that donor. However, we have found that among many strains of rats these "normal" rules

of transplantation are not obeyed by liver transplants. Not only are liver transplants never rejected, but they even induce a state of donor-specific unresponsiveness in which subsequent transplants of other organs, such as skin, from that donor are accepted permanently. Our hypothesis is that many strains of rats simply cannot mount a sufficiently vigorous destructive immune-response (using lymphocytes) to outstrip the liver`s relatively great capacity to protect itself from immune-response damage and that the systemic unresponsiveness observed is due to concentration of the recipient`s donor-specific lymphocytes at the site of the liver transplant.

1、The primary purpose of the passage is to treat the accepted generalizations about organ transplantation in which of the following ways?

A、Explicate their main features

B、Suggest an alternative to them

C、Examine their virtues and limitations

D、Criticize the major evidence used to support them

E、Present findings that qualify them

答案E

2、It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes that an important difference among strains of rats is the

A、size of their livers

B、constitution of their skin

C、strength of their immune-response reactions

D、sensitivity of their antigens

E、adaptability of their lymphocytes

答案C

3、Which of the following new findings about strains of rats that do not normally reject liver transplants, if true, would support the authors` hypothesis?

A、Stomach transplants are accepted by the recipients in all cases.

B、Increasing the strength of the recipient`s immune-response reaction can induce liver-transplant rejection.

C、Organs from any other donor can be transplanted without rejection after liver transplantation.

答案B