13.倒装、省略、强调

《英语周报》高考二轮复习——语法项目讲解与练习
倒装、省略、强调
一、倒装
1.完全倒装
完全倒装是把句子的谓语全部置于主语之前。

在下列几种情况下多用完全倒装：
1）在there be结构中。

如：
There are a few things we need to discuss.
There’s someone on the phone for you.
2）以here,there,now,then,out,in,up,down,off,away等副词开头的句子中，主语是名词时。

如：
Here’s the book I said I’d lend you.
Up and up went the prices.
注意：当句子的主语是代词时，主谓不倒装。

如：
Have you seen my keys anywhere?Ah,there they are.
3）句子的表语置于句首，为了强调表语或状语、保持句子平衡或使上下文紧密衔接时。

如：
Gone are the days when they had nothing to eat.
In a big bed of a big room lies a big man.
Present at the meeting were Professor Smith,Professor Brown,Sir Hugh and many other scientists.
2.部分倒装
部分倒装是把谓语的一部分（助动词或情态动词）提到主语之前。

使用部分倒装的情况有：
1）含否定意义的词或短语（如not,nor,never,seldom,hardly,rarely,little,few,nowhere,nothing,not until,not only,no sooner,on no account,in no way,under no circumstances,by no means等）置于句首时。

如：
Little did he know what lay in store for him.
Not only do people want to land on the moon,but on other planets as well.
Hardly had she begun to speak when there was a shout from the back of the hall.
On no account must we give up this attempt.
2）only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。

如：
Only then did she tell him about the accident.
Only in this house do I feel secure.
Only when she came home did her mother learn the news.
3.其它情况
1）当表示前面提出的某一情况也同样适用于后者时，通常要用“so/neither/nor+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”结构。

如：
—I’ve got an enormous amount of work to do.
—So have I.
Chris wasn’t at the meeting and neither/nor was her assistant.
2）so...that...结构中的“so+形容词或副词”置于句首时，主句通常要部分倒装；但如果谓语动词为be时，则要完全倒装。

如：
So sincerely did the boy beg that his father gave his permission.（部分倒装）
So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.（完全倒装）
二、省略
为了使语言简洁，人们常把某些词省略掉。

被省略的部分可能是主语、主语和谓语、谓语或谓语的一部分、宾语等。

有时句子的大部分都省略。

常见的省略情况有：
1.简单句中的省略
简单句中，可以省略谓语或主语。

另外，也可省略宾语等其他成分。

如：
(Come)This way,please.
(I)Beg your pardon.
—Let’s do the dishes.
—I’ll wash(the dishes).
2.并列句中的省略
在由并列连词and,but,or等连接的并列句中，后边的分句中可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分，以避免重复。

如：
My room is on the fifth floor,and hers(is)on the eighth(floor).
3.复合句中的省略
1）当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句谓语动词中有be时，从句的主语和be可以省略。

如：
The boy studies very hard though(he is)still rather weak.
2）当状语从句的主语和谓语是it is/was时，it is/was常被省略。

如：
If(it is)possible,I’ll help you with your math.
3）在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that,which,whom,who等常可以省略。

如：
He is the man(who/whom/that)you can depend on.
4）引导宾语从句的连词that常被省略。

如：
We all know(that)light travels much faster than sound.
4.不定式符号to的省略
1）主语部分含有实义动词do时，充当表语的不定式可省略to。

如：
What I want to do is spend the summer in Madrid and then come back to London in the fall.
2）在but和except之前有实义动词do时，其后的不定式可省略to。

如：
There was nothing else to do but wait and see.
The father does everything in the house except wash the dishes.
3）几个结构相同的不定式连用时，通常只在第一个不定式之前加不定式符号。

如：
We’ve decided to get up earlier each morning,play tennis and walk to the library every day.
5.如句子前面已出现过同样的动词，为避免重复，句子后面的不定式常省去动词原形，只保留不定式符号to。

但如果在省略的不定式结构中含有be,have时，这些词要保留。

如：
I saw my son playing with a knife,and I told him not to.
My father has lost a lot of weight—he is ten kilos lighter than he used to be.
—Has he finished cleaning his room?
—No,but he ought to have.
三、强调
1.It is/was+被强调部分+that...
1）该句型可用于强调除谓语以外的其它句子成分。

否定形式：It isn’t/wasn’t+被强调部分+that...
一般疑问句形式：Is/Was it+被强调部分+that...?
特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词+is/was it that...?
2）not...until...的强调句形式为It is/was not until...that...。

3）强调的主语指人时，也可用who代替that。

2.do/does/did+动词原形
需要强调谓语时，需借用助动词do/does/did，且一般只用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中。

如：I’ll tell you something that does sound exciting.
She did come too late.I had marked her absence,of course.
高考链接
从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

1.It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
（天津2018）
A.which
B.that
C.when
D.where
2.It was when I got back to my apartment________I first came across my new neighbors.
（天津2017）
A.who
B.where
C.which
D.that
3.Not until recently________the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.
（江苏2016）A.they had encouraged B.had they encouraged
C.did they encourage
D.they encouraged
4.Only when you can find peace in your heart________good relationships with others.
（湖南2014）A.will you keep B.you will keep
C.you kept
D.did you keep
5.No sooner_________stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.
（陕西2014）A.had Mo Yan B.Mo Yan had C.has Mo Yan D.Mo Yan has
Key:1-5BDCAA
倒装、省略、强调专项练习
I.用括号内所给内容将下面句子补充完整。

1.Seldom________(I,read)an article that was full of mistakes.
2.Not until he arrived home________(he,find)he’d left his phone in the restaurant.
3.On the table________(stand)two cups and a teapot yesterday.
4.Only when he reached the tea-house________(he,realise)it was the same place he’d been in last year.
5.Not only________(be,the teacher)interested in football but all his students show an interest in it.
6.So easy________(the exercise,be)that the student finished it in half an hour.
II.根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子（每空一词）。

1.I’m a journalist,and________________________________(我的妻子也是).
2.There once________________________________(住着一个贫穷的农夫)who had four sons.
3.He didn’t know the answer,and________________________(我也不知道).
4.Mary’s success has nothing to do with good luck.________________________________________________(是多年的努力工作)that has made her what she is today.
III.选用括号内合适的内容填空。

1.—It rained heavily this morning.I’m glad I took an umbrella.
—Yeah,I would not have got wet all over if I________(had/have)taken one.
2.I didn’t read the notice on the blackboard,and nor________(has/did)he.
3.It was________(because/why)he broke the law that he was sentenced to six years in prison.
4.Harry did his homework,even though he didn’t________(want/want to).
5.She said she could use a computer but it was obvious that she________(couldn’t/couldn’t use).
6.We can’t repair your car today but we________(can/can repair)tomorrow.
7.I don’t know if I’ll pass all my exams but I________(hope to/hope).
8.Simon broke his brother’s computer but he didn’t________(mean to break/mean to).
IV.将下面句子改写为倒装句。

1.John had never been to such a fantastic restaurant.
2.I in no way want to be associated with this project.
3.They had no sooner eaten dinner than the ceiling crashed onto the dining table.
4.I had hardly finished writing my essay when the teacher announced the end of the exam.
5.I seldom leave my house so early.
6.People rarely appreciate this musician’s talent.
7.We understood what had happened that night only later.
8.They had met such rude people nowhere before.
9.He understood little about the situation.
10.The children should on no account go on their own.
V.阅读下面短文，按要求完成任务。

A
①A positive attitude is the guide to leading a positive life.Maintaining a positive attitude through the ups and the downs is important to every aspect of life:②your social status,your work,your health and your relationships.If you’re feeling down and having a particularly negative outlook on the way things are going,just remember that attitude is everything and③a positive attitude will lead you out of the darkest of times.
1.将画线部分①改为强调句，对主语进行强调。

2.简化画线部分②。

3.将画线部分③改为强调句，对主语进行强调。

B
One day,a camel and her baby were chatting.The baby asked,“Mother,why do we have humps(驼峰)?”The mother replied,“Our humps are for storing water so that we can survive in the desert.”
“Oh,”said the child,“and why do we have rounded feet,Mother?”“Because they are meant to help us walk comfortably in the desert.①These feet help us move around in the sand.”
“Alright.But why are our eyelashes(睫毛)so long?”“To protect our eyes from the desert dust and sand.They are the protective covers for the eyes,”replied the mother camel.
②The baby camel thought for a while and he said,“So we have humps to store water for desert journeys,rounded hooves(蹄)to keep us comfortable when we walk in the desert sand,and long eyelashes to protect us from sand and dust during a desert storm.Then what are we doing in a zoo?”
③The mother was extremely shocked and she didn’t say anything.
④Your strengths,skills,and knowledge are useless if you are not in the right place.
1.将画线部分①改为强调句，对主语进行强调。

2.简化画线部分②。

3.简化画线部分③。

4.将画线部分④改为强调句，对if条件句进行强调。

参考答案
倒装、省略、强调专项练习
I.1.have I read 2.did he find
3.stood
4.did he realise
5.is the teacher
6.was the exercise
II.1.so is my wife 2.lived a poor farmer
3.neither/nor did I
4.It is years of hard work
III.1.had 2.did
3.because
4.want to
5.couldn’t
6.can
7.hope to8.mean to
IV.1.Never had John been to such a fantastic restaurant.
2.In no way do I want to be associated with this project.
3.No sooner had they eaten dinner than the ceiling crashed onto the dining table.
4.Hardly had I finished writing my essay when the teacher announced the end of the exam.
5.Seldom do I leave my house so early.
6.Rarely do people appreciate this musician’s talent.
7.Only later did we understand what had happened that night.
8.Nowhere had they met such rude people before.
9.Little did he understand about the situation.
10.On no account should the children go on their own.
V.
A.1.It is a positive attitude that is the guide to leading a positive life.
2.your social status,work,health and relationships
3.it is a positive attitude that will lead you out of the darkest of times
B.1.It is these feet that help us move around in the sand.
2.The baby camel thought for a while and said
3.The mother was extremely shocked and didn’t say anything.
4.It is if you are not in the right place that your strengths,skills,and knowledge are useless.。