13.倒装、省略、强调

《英语周报》高考二轮复习——语法项目讲解与练习

倒装、省略、强调

一、倒装

1.完全倒装

完全倒装是把句子的谓语全部置于主语之前。在下列几种情况下多用完全倒装：

1）在there be结构中。如：

There are a few things we need to discuss.

There’s someone on the phone for you.

2）以here,there,now,then,out,in,up,down,off,away等副词开头的句子中，主语是名词时。如：

Here’s the book I said I’d lend you.

Up and up went the prices.

注意：当句子的主语是代词时，主谓不倒装。如：

Have you seen my keys anywhere?Ah,there they are.

3）句子的表语置于句首，为了强调表语或状语、保持句子平衡或使上下文紧密衔接时。如：

Gone are the days when they had nothing to eat.

In a big bed of a big room lies a big man.

Present at the meeting were Professor Smith,Professor Brown,Sir Hugh and many other scientists.

2.部分倒装

部分倒装是把谓语的一部分（助动词或情态动词）提到主语之前。使用部分倒装的情况有：

1）含否定意义的词或短语（如not,nor,never,seldom,hardly,rarely,little,few,nowhere,nothing,not until,not only,no sooner,on no account,in no way,under no circumstances,by no means等）置于句首时。如：

Little did he know what lay in store for him.

Not only do people want to land on the moon,but on other planets as well.

Hardly had she begun to speak when there was a shout from the back of the hall.

On no account must we give up this attempt.

2）only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时。如：

Only then did she tell him about the accident.

Only in this house do I feel secure.

Only when she came home did her mother learn the news.

3.其它情况

1）当表示前面提出的某一情况也同样适用于后者时，通常要用“so/neither/nor+系动词/助动词/情态动词+主语”结构。如：

—I’ve got an enormous amount of work to do.

—So have I.

Chris wasn’t at the meeting and neither/nor was her assistant.

2）so...that...结构中的“so+形容词或副词”置于句首时，主句通常要部分倒装；但如果谓语动词为be时，则要完全倒装。如：

So sincerely did the boy beg that his father gave his permission.（部分倒装）

So small was the mark that I could hardly see it.（完全倒装）

二、省略

为了使语言简洁，人们常把某些词省略掉。被省略的部分可能是主语、主语和谓语、谓语或谓语的一部分、宾语等。有时句子的大部分都省略。常见的省略情况有：

1.简单句中的省略

简单句中，可以省略谓语或主语。另外，也可省略宾语等其他成分。如：

(Come)This way,please.

(I)Beg your pardon.

—Let’s do the dishes.

—I’ll wash(the dishes).

2.并列句中的省略

在由并列连词and,but,or等连接的并列句中，后边的分句中可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分，以避免重复。如：

My room is on the fifth floor,and hers(is)on the eighth(floor).

3.复合句中的省略

1）当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句谓语动词中有be时，从句的主语和be可以省略。如：

The boy studies very hard though(he is)still rather weak.

2）当状语从句的主语和谓语是it is/was时，it is/was常被省略。如：

If(it is)possible,I’ll help you with your math.

3）在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词that,which,whom,who等常可以省略。如：

He is the man(who/whom/that)you can depend on.

4）引导宾语从句的连词that常被省略。如：

We all know(that)light travels much faster than sound.