双语教学实例-Meteorology
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◆ The noon sun is positioned at an angle of 50o above the horizon in the southern sky.
◆ The sun is above the horizon for exactly 12 hours.
◆ At noon it will be 73.5o above the horizon.
◆ The earth’s energy balance, which includes
land and ocean surfaces and the atmosphere, controls the seasonal and daily changes in the earth’s surface temperature.
◆ Radiant energy can exist at any
wavelength.
Radiation and Temperature
◆ There is an inverse relationship between the radiation that an object emits and the temperature of the object.
◆ Hot objects radiate more energy, and at shorter wavelengths, than cooler objects.
Solar radiation
◆ The Sun is a ball of constantly churning
gases that are heated by continuous nuclear reactions. It has a surface temperature of about 6000oC. Like all objects, it emits energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation.
The Path of the Sun in the Sky
The sun’s path in the sky changes greatly in position and height above horizon from summer to winter.
◆ At equinox, the sun rises directly to the east and sets directly to the west.
◆ The sun is above the horizon for about 15 hour
Daily Insolation Through the Year
◆ Daily insolation depends on two factors: ◆ the angle at which the sun’s rays strike the earth ◆ the length of time of exposure to the rays
electromagnetFra Baidu bibliotekc spectrum
Shortwave radiation ◆ Ultraviolet radiation (0.2 to 0.4 μm) ◆ Visible light radiation(0.4 to 0.7μm) ◆ Shortwave infrared radiation (0.7 to
◆ The atmosphere, land, and ocean also emit energy in the form of longwave radiation.
Figure 1 Global Energy Balance
Insolation over the Globe
◆ Insolation(incoming solar radiation) depends on the angle of the sun above the horizon.
Electromagnetic Radiation
◆ Wavelength describes the distance
separating one wave crest from the next crest.
◆ The unit to measure wavelength is the
micrometer.
3μm) Longwave radiation ◆ Thermal infrared wavelengths (>3μm)
Characteristics of solar energy
◆ The sun does not emit all wavelengths of radiation equally
The global radiation balance
◆ The earth constantly absorbs solar shortwave radiation and emits longwave radiation.
◆ The sun provides a nearly constant flow of shortwave radiation toward earth.
◆ The intensity of solar energy is strongest in visible wavelengths
Longwave radiation from the Earth
◆ The earth’s surface and atmosphere are much colder than the sun’s surface,so the energy from the Earth has longer wavelength
Meteorology
Geography Department East China Normal University
Shu Jiong
The Earth’s Global Energy Balance
◆ Solar radiation is the driving power source
for wind, waves, weather, rivers, and ocean currents.
◆ The sun is above the horizon for exactly 12 hours.
◆ At noon it will be 73.5o above the horizon.
◆ The earth’s energy balance, which includes
land and ocean surfaces and the atmosphere, controls the seasonal and daily changes in the earth’s surface temperature.
◆ Radiant energy can exist at any
wavelength.
Radiation and Temperature
◆ There is an inverse relationship between the radiation that an object emits and the temperature of the object.
◆ Hot objects radiate more energy, and at shorter wavelengths, than cooler objects.
Solar radiation
◆ The Sun is a ball of constantly churning
gases that are heated by continuous nuclear reactions. It has a surface temperature of about 6000oC. Like all objects, it emits energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation.
The Path of the Sun in the Sky
The sun’s path in the sky changes greatly in position and height above horizon from summer to winter.
◆ At equinox, the sun rises directly to the east and sets directly to the west.
◆ The sun is above the horizon for about 15 hour
Daily Insolation Through the Year
◆ Daily insolation depends on two factors: ◆ the angle at which the sun’s rays strike the earth ◆ the length of time of exposure to the rays
electromagnetFra Baidu bibliotekc spectrum
Shortwave radiation ◆ Ultraviolet radiation (0.2 to 0.4 μm) ◆ Visible light radiation(0.4 to 0.7μm) ◆ Shortwave infrared radiation (0.7 to
◆ The atmosphere, land, and ocean also emit energy in the form of longwave radiation.
Figure 1 Global Energy Balance
Insolation over the Globe
◆ Insolation(incoming solar radiation) depends on the angle of the sun above the horizon.
Electromagnetic Radiation
◆ Wavelength describes the distance
separating one wave crest from the next crest.
◆ The unit to measure wavelength is the
micrometer.
3μm) Longwave radiation ◆ Thermal infrared wavelengths (>3μm)
Characteristics of solar energy
◆ The sun does not emit all wavelengths of radiation equally
The global radiation balance
◆ The earth constantly absorbs solar shortwave radiation and emits longwave radiation.
◆ The sun provides a nearly constant flow of shortwave radiation toward earth.
◆ The intensity of solar energy is strongest in visible wavelengths
Longwave radiation from the Earth
◆ The earth’s surface and atmosphere are much colder than the sun’s surface,so the energy from the Earth has longer wavelength
Meteorology
Geography Department East China Normal University
Shu Jiong
The Earth’s Global Energy Balance
◆ Solar radiation is the driving power source
for wind, waves, weather, rivers, and ocean currents.