大学英语科技文献阅读期末复习

第一单元
1.electronic communication 电子通讯
2. all-purpose processors 通用的/多用途的处理器
3. brain-activity monitors 大脑活动监视器
4. text messages 短信，文字信息，文本信息
5. digital signals 数字信号
6. the low-resolution display 低分辨率显示器
7. the subtle vibration 细微的振动
8. brain-computer interfaces 脑机接口，脑机界面
1. (para. 1) Yet the impact on its wearers was profound—foretelling, perhaps, a future when we depend on our electronic devices to experience life as much as we rely on our eyes, ears, and skin.
然而，它对穿戴者的影响却是深远的–也许预示了未来我们会像用眼睛、耳朵和皮肤一样依赖电子设备来体验生活
2. (para. 2) Donning them, he forecasts, will allow us to “sense and capture many more things about the world” and to communicate those sensations in new ways.
他预言，穿上它们，将会使我们能够感知并注意到更多事物，并能用新的方式交流这些感觉。

3. (para. 4) Electronic communication has long been limited not by computing power but by the ability of machines to understand us.
电子通信技术不是被计算能力限制，而且是被计算机理解人类的能力所限制。

4. (para. 6) In the coming era of wearable computing, as Harrison foresees it, we will manipulate digital bits the same way we do real objects—with our hands.
正如哈里森所预见的，在未来可穿戴计算技术时代，我们将会像用手把持真实物体一样地操控数字比特。

5. (para. 6) “Touch is a really powerful, wonderfull y intuitive thing,” he says, adding that although the touch screens on today’s smartphones, tablets, and watches are a step in the right direction, “they’re pretty lame.”
他说，触觉是很强大和极富直觉的，而且，尽管如今智能手机，平板，和智能手表上的触摸屏已经是向着正确的发展方向迈进了一步，但它们还是很差劲。

6. (para. 9) Go ogle’s digital personal assistant, Now, has the smarts to figure out the locations of your home and workplace just by tracking your movements during the day.
谷歌的数字个人助手“Now”可以跟踪你白天的活动轨迹，智能地定位你家和工作地点。

7. (para. 10) For many researchers who work in wearable computing, the ultimate goal is to design machines that use data from the brain and body to understand the world in human terms.
对于很多从事可穿戴计算技术研究的人员来说，最终的目标是设计出能够利用来自大脑和身体的数据用人类的方式来理解事物的机器。

8. (para. 11) In the future, people will wear BCIs constantly while also sporting cameras, microphones, and other sensors that will simultaneously record everything they see, hear, and feel.
将来，人们会时常穿戴各种脑机界面，同时佩戴有摄像头、麦克风和其他各种传感器来同时
记录他们看到听到和感觉到的事物。

9. (para. 11) Over time, these machines will learn to anticipate your actions and emotions and will automatically tailor your environment to suit your needs—muting your alerts when you’re in an important meeting, dimming the lights when you drift off to sleep.
随着时间的过去，这些机器就学会去预测你的动作和情绪，并且会自动调节周围环境来适应你的需求–你在开重要会议时把各种提示音调到静音，你昏昏欲睡时把灯光调暗。

10. (para. 11) They may even recognize subtle cues you don’t notice or can’t sense, such as early signs of depression or the onset of a migraine.
它们甚至会识别你注意不到或感觉不到的细微的变化，例如，抑郁症和偏头痛发作的早起迹象。

第二单元
1.sensing capabilities 传感能力
2.navigation motion control 航海运动控制
3. household appliances 家用电器
4. Tele-operated mobile systems 遥控系统
5.bomb disposal 拆弹排除
6.mining and mineral extraction 采矿和矿物提取
7.cross-disciplinary education 跨学科教育
1. (para. 1) Robots are known to save costs, to improve quality and work conditions, and to minimize waste of resources.
众所周知，机器人能够节省成本，提高工作质量和改善工作条件/环境，并且能把最大限度地减少资源的浪费。

2. (para. 2) Without the use of robotic technologies, cost-effective production, a pillar of European wealth, would not be possible in Europe because of relatively high labor costs.
因为欧洲人力成本较高，如果不使用机器人技术，经济高效的生产就不可能成为欧洲的财富支柱。

3. (para. 3) Significant application opportunities exist in the emerging service robotics sectors, whose products will impact on our everyday lives by contributing high-value-added services and providing safer working conditions.
重要的/大量的应用机会出现在新兴的服务机器人行业，这些行业制造的产品能提供高附加值的服务和更安全的工作环境，将会对我们的日常生活产生重大影响。

4. (para. 3) The aging population will drive the application of robotic technologies that improve the quality of life and assist people to live longer and more comfortably in their own homes.
人口老龄化将推动机器人技术的应用，提高(他们的)生活质量，帮助人们在自己家里生活得更长寿更舒适。

5. (para. 5) Both unmanned and manned missions, be it in Earth orbit or interplanetary, will be preceded or augmented by robots.
无论是在地球轨道还是在星际轨道上，都要先用机器人或是增加机器人来执行无人驾驶和有
人驾驶的航天飞行任务。

6. (para. 6) Building an early awareness of the resulting ethical, legal, and societal (ELS) issues will allow timely legislative action and societal interaction, which will in turn support the development of new markets.
早早认识到由此带来的一些伦理、法律和社会问题，就可以使我们及时进行立法和社会干预，并进而为新市场的开拓提供支持
7. (para. 7) European society and many others in the world are currently facing a number of challenges including demographic and economic changes.
欧洲社会和其他地区目前正面临着许多挑战，如，人口和经济的变化。

8. (para. 8) Existing national laws and international conventions, as well as different ethical and cultural perspectives and societal expectations across the different states of Europe need to be taken into consideration.
必须要考虑现有的国家法律和国际惯例，同时也要顾及到欧洲各国不同的伦理、文化观点/观念和社会预期
9. (para. 9) Only in the long term will humans and robots become more integrated and will the sophistication of the interaction increase.
只有从长期来看，人和机器人的整合度会更高，之间的互动会更复杂。

10. (para. 12) A more widespread use of robots may lead to further labor displacement and an extension of the digital divide.
更广泛地使用机器人可能会导致进一步的劳动力替代和数字鸿沟的扩大。

第三单元
1. a key determinant 关键的决定因素
2. robust strategies 鲁棒策略
3. regional markets 区域市场
4. oversupply 供过于求
5. annual compound rate 年复合增长率
6. Liquidity 流动性; 流动资金; 资产流动性
7. export permits 出口许可
8. value gains 价值增值
1. (斜体字) There is huge uncertainty about how global gas markets will evolve, but the extent of the value at stake makes it imperative for liquefied natural gas suppliers and buyers to act now.
全球天然气市场将如何演进存在着巨大的不确定性，但是对液化天然气卖家和买家而言，涉险价值/风险价值的变化幅度让他们必须现在就行动起来。

2. (para. 1) Unforeseen events have disrupted the gas market in the last eight years but paradoxically lent it a degree of stability—for the time being, at least.
在过去的八年里，一些未曾料到的事件扰乱了天然气市场，但是矛盾的是，天然气市场却表现出一定程度的稳定，至少是暂时地。

3. (para. 3) But because uncertainty about future prices has made buyers reluctant to sign
new long-term contracts under traditional terms that link gas prices to oil prices, developers of gas reserves outside North America have been hesitant to sanction new LNG facilities, particularly as LNG project costs are rising rapidly.
因为未来价格的不确定使得买家不愿意按照传统的气价和油价相关联的条款来签订长期合同，所以，现在又正值液化天然气工程的施工成本快速上涨的时候，北美之外的天然气(气藏)开发商们对是否批建新的LNG设施就显得迟疑不决。

4. (para. 4) But by doing nothing, LNG developers risk forgoing future profitable supply opportunities, and LNG buyers risk extending the current supply shortage.
但是，如果什么都不做，液化天然气开发者放弃的会是未来可能盈利的供应机会，而对液化天然气买家来说，当前供应短缺进一步扩大的风险也增加了。

5. （para.5）Over the past decade, regional gas markets have become much more connected, with the number of LNG or pipe routes carrying over five billion cubic meters per annum-more than doubling between 2001 and 2011.
在过去十年中，区域天然气市场之间的联系更加紧密，每年液化天然气或管道运输数的总量超过五十亿立方米，是2001至2011年总量的两倍多。

6. （para.5）Yet despite increased linkages, gas prices in regional markets have diverged. 然而，尽管联系增加了，区域市场的天然气价格已经出现了分化。

7. (para. 6) In North America, rapid growth in shale-gas production has led to four years of oversupply and plummeting gas prices.
在北美，快速增长的页岩气生产曾经导致了四年的供大于求和天然气价格直线下降(暴跌)。

8. (para. 7) In Asia, LNG prices have be en boosted by economic growth, coupled with Japan’s decision in 2011 to shut down its nuclear capacity following the Fukushima disaster.
在亚洲，因为经济增长以及日本在福岛核电站灾难后于2011年决定关闭核电产能，液化天然气价格已经大大上升。

9. (para. 8) At the same time, liquidity on traded gas markets rose as buyers who found they had contracted excess capacity sought to sell it on.
与此同时，当买家发现他们签订的合同出现产能过剩，他们就寻求转售，此时，天然气交易市场的流动性就增加了。

10. (para. 9)North American exports could be highly profitable at recent LNG prices of $18 per MMBtu but could still turn a profit even if they fell to as low as $12 per MMBtu.
北美的出口可能在最近液化天然气价格为每MMBtu18美元的行情下盈利颇丰，但即使每MMBtu跌至12美元，仍能获利。

第五单元
1.atomic lattice 原子晶格
2.ultra-light components 超轻型部件
mercial product 商业产品
4. plastic product 塑料制品
5. breakthrough synthesis method 突破性合成方法
6.electronic technology 电子科技
7. graphene particles 石墨烯颗粒
1. (para. 2)Now a Korean research lab may have made the leap from theoretical to practical with the development of a new way to synthesize it, potentially on a commercial scale.
现在，一家韩国研究室可能已经实现了从理论到实践的跨越，研发了一种合成石墨烯的新方法，可潜在地运用于工业规模的生产。

2. (para. 3) The substance, "the perfect atomic lattice," boasts a number of hugely attractive properties, meaning it has the potential to be used in myriad industries, and for a huge range of purposes.
该物质——“完美的原子晶格”——具有许多非常有吸引力/引人注目的性能，意味着它具有用于无数工业领域的潜能/可能性，而且可用于各种用途
3. (para. 4) As well as being super-strong -- 20 times stronger than diamond, 200 stronger than steel and six times lighter -- it is also remarkably conductive, both electrically and thermally.
它不仅强度超强——强度是金刚石的20倍，是钢材的200倍且只有其1/6重——而且它的导电性和导热性都极高。

4. (para. 9) It could be used to create ultra-light components for, say, the aviation industry, dramatically reducing the weight of aircraft -- and thus significantly improving fuel efficiency -- without compromising strength or integrity.
它可用来为航空工业制造超轻零件，这会大幅度地减轻飞行器的重量，极大地改善燃油效率，而不用增加动力或损害项目的完整性。

5. (para. 12) If this deficiency can be overcome, however, graphene could be used in a huge range of devices as a super-fast replacement for silicon transistors, which are already reaching their capacity.
然而，如果此缺陷能被解决，石墨烯作为硅晶体管的超高速替代品，就可以广泛用于多种设备。

而硅晶体管的性能已接近极限。

6. (para. 13) While this is enough for researchers to test its properties and understand the tantalizing benefits of the material, it is not sufficient to produce it for mass commercial use. 尽管小晶体已足够研究人员用来测试其性能、了解此材料诱人的好处，但还不足以生产出大规模商业用途的产品。

7. (para. 15) The Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology last week announced it had developed “a breakthrough synthesis method” of producing graphene, and the hopes are that this will pave the way for the commercialization of the material.
三星高级技术研究院上周宣布，已经开发出一种生产石墨烯的“突破性合成方法”，并希望这将为该材料的商业化应用铺平道路。

8. (para. 16) Samsung sees graphene as the "perfect material" for next generation device, and the breakthrough could have huge implications for its commercial production.
三星把石墨烯看作是制造下一代设备的“完美材料”，此项突破可能对其商业化开发产生巨大影响/有着巨大的意义。

9. (para. 19) The material's conductivity would make charging a device take a matter of seconds, and its strength, durability and flexibility would allow Samsung to truly innovate with a whole range of new devices and ways to interact with technology.
该材料的导电性会使设备充电只需几秒时间，它的强度、耐久性和柔韧性使三星公司能生产
门类齐全的新设备以及找到与技术交互的方法，从而实现真正的革新。

10. (para. 20) It has not been revealed if Samsung plans to make the groundbreaking synthesis process public, a move that would rapidly accelerate the adoption of graphene into daily use.
三星尚未透露是否打算把这项开创性的合成过程对外公布，一旦公布将迅速加快石墨烯在日常生活中的应用。

第六单元
1.equipment performance 设备性能
2.maintenance efficiency 维修效率
3.high-capacity computing 高容量计算
4.performance analytics 性能分析
5.capital investment 资本投资
6.wireless sensors 无线传感器
mon misperception 常见的误解 8.Cloud computing 云计算
1. (para. 2) The reality is that such technology, while requiring some capital investment, helps reduce facility operating costs over time.
事实是，这样的技术，尽管需要一些资本投资，但长期有助于降低设备运营成本。

2. (para. 5) Smart building technology investments typically pay for themselves within one or two years by delivering energy savings and maintenance efficiencies.
智能楼宇/建筑技术投资往往在一两年内通过节省能源和提高维护效率即可收回成本。

3. (para. 6) The cost of wireless sensors has dropped below the $10-per-unit threshold, making installation of a smart building management system much more affordable than in the past.
无线传感器的成本已经下降到低于每件10美元的门槛，使得安装智能楼宇/建筑管理系统要比过去更实惠。

4. (para. 7) A smart building management system can transmit data generated from hundreds of buildings to a single “command center,” where facilities professionals use complex automated algorithms to monitor equipment performance.
智能楼宇/建筑管理系统能把众多楼宇所产生的数据传输到一个“指挥中心”,在那里设备专家使用复杂的自动算法来监测设备性能。

5. (para. 7) With today’s affordable high-capacity computing, a company can use one smart building management service to monitor and control hundreds of facilities around the world. 今天，有了价格较低的高容量云计算, 公司可以使用智能楼宇/建筑管理服务来监视和控制世界各地数以百计的设施。

6. (para. 9) While controls professionals and system integrators typically perform the initial installation of smart building technologies, properly trained in-house staff can easily manage automated systems without being computer experts.
虽然控制专业人员和系统集成商通常负责智能楼宇/建筑技术的初始安装，但经过适当培训的内部人员无需成为计算机专家就可以轻松地管理自动化系统。

7. (para. 10) Combined with a smart building management system, a smart building is often
easier to operate and maintain than a building that lacks automated systems.
结合智能楼宇/建筑管理系统，一座智能楼宇就能比没有自动化系统的楼宇更容易地进行使用与维修。

8. (para. 11) Smart building systems are more energy-efficient than legacy systems, but can also reduce operational risks, improve building performance and enable more accurate capital planning.
智能楼宇/建筑系统比既存系统更节能，而且可以降低经营风险，改善建筑性能，进行更精确的资本规划。

9. (para. 12) Using data generated by building automation systems, a smart-building management system can detect minute changes in fan speed, air temperatures or energy consumption, and trigger continuous adjustments to optimize equipment performance.
利用楼宇自动化系统产生的数据，智能建筑管理系统可以检测到空调风速，气温或能源消耗的细微变化，继而触发连续性调整以使设备性能最优化。

10.（para 13）A smart-building management system often can detect when a piece of equipment is close to failure and alert facilities personnel to fix the problem.
智能楼宇/建筑管理系统通常可以检测到何时设备接近故障并提醒设备人员来解决这个问题。