无主句的英译

6. Is it possible to consolidate/strengthen them? 7. If you know the enemy as well as yourself, you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat. 8. The picture of a hunter was printed on the cover of the book. 9. Nothing can be accomplished without a stable political environment. 10. Keep in mind what you have been told before they left home.
汉语无主句的英译
汉语无主句有着以下特征：


1. 语义简洁、明了、不拖沓； 2. 虽然没有主语，但是，其主语要么是不言而喻的； 要么是在上下文中已经表达明白了的；要么是泛指的 人或事物；要么是在语境中已经确定了的； 3. 在诸如公文体、科技体等正式语体中无主句大量使 用； 4. 书面语的无主句常常具有严肃性、权威性的特点； 5. 指令性（含禁令性）语句，大量使用无主句加以表 达。

补充主语 2、借用形式主语it

(16). 这几天心里颇不安静，今晚在院子里坐 着乘凉，忽然想起日日走过的荷塘…… I have felt quite upset recently. Tonight, when I was sitting in the yard enjoying the cool, it occurred to me that the Lotus Pond I went across __________________________________
五、补充主语

1、根据上下文补充主语 2、借用形式主语it
补充主语 1、根据上下文补充主语
(9) 不入虎穴，焉得虎子 You can not catch tiger cubs without entering the tiger lair. (No venture, no gains) (10) 只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。 One man may steal a horse, while another may not look over the hedge. The magistrates are free to burn down houses, while the common people are forbidden even to light lamps.

说明：常用于表示存在或带有哲理性的无主句。
(5) 好多年以前，这个村里住着六个盲人。 A long time ago, there lived six blind men in this village.
(6) 没有改革开放，就没有今天的经济发展。 Without reform and opening to the outside world, there would be no economic development of today.
无主句翻译的方法

译成祈使句 译成被动结构 译成存现句 译成倒装句 补充主语
一、译成祈使句

适用于表示命令、口号、标语的句子。
（1） 打得赢就打，打不赢就走。 Fight when you can win and move away when you cannot. （2） 为实现中国梦而奋斗！ Strive for our Chinese Dream!
补充主语 2、借用形式主语it

(15). 子曰：“学而时习之，不亦悦乎？有朋 自远方来，不亦乐乎？” Confucius said, “ is it not a pleasure after all to practice in due time what one has learnt? Is it not a delight after all to have friends ____________________________________ come from afar? ____________________________________
every day…

练习

P94. Ex,11
译成祈使句 译成被动结构 译成存现句 译成倒装句 补充主语
Reference answers:
1. A view of Mt. Fuji can be obtained from here. 2. As you sow, so will you reap. You must reap what you have sown. 3. Development means change; without change, there can be no development. 4. It is raining cats and dogs. 5. If things are not properly handled, all our efforts are in vain.
补充主语 2、借用形式主语it

It takes sb. ..to do sth. It costs sb. sth. It is +adj + ( for sb) to do sth. It is …..that (who)….. It occurs to sb that…..
来自百度文库
补充主语 2、借用形式主语it
(12). 是一名解放军战士救了他。 It is a PLA soldier who saved him. (13). 要成功，就要付出努力。 It costs you much labor to succeed in anything. (14). 要解决问题，还必须做系统的调查工作。 It is necessary to make a systematic investigation to solve the problem.
二、译成被动结构

理据：无主句动词有明确受动者，与英语中被动语态 的句式吻合。
（3）那个地方讲什么语言？ What language is spoken there? （4）没有爱心，就无法了解人生。 Life cannot be understood without much charity.
三、译成存现句 （there be句型）
四、译成倒装句

汉语中有些表示事物出现或存在的无主句，在结构形 式上同英语的倒装句十分相似。倒装的语序可使译文 非常贴近原文。
(7) 地下埋藏着大量的金、银、铜、铅。 Hidden underground is a wealth of gold, silver, copper and lead. (8) 随着一声吼叫，呼地从树林里窜出一只老虎来。 Following the roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes.
补充主语 1、根据上下文补充主语
(11) --“ 我该好好感谢你，为我找到了饭碗。” --“ 哪里的话！应当同舟共济！” -- “ I have to thank you for finding me a job.” -- “ Not at all ! People in the same boat should help each other.”