完全倒装、部分倒装.

倒装句

倒装的目的

1语法要求：疑问句，there be, 祝愿句

2修辞要求：为了强调；为描写生动；为衔接上下文；为保持句子平衡

1. 倒装句的定义

英语最基本的词序是主语在谓语动词的前面。如果把谓语动词放在主语前面，就叫做倒装.

1)完全倒装结构: 谓语动词+主语

Here came the headmaster.

2)部分倒装结构: 助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语动词+…

Never will I forget you.

I. 完全倒装

1. 用于there be句型

There are many students in the classroom.

在there be 结构中有时不用be,而用表示类似“存在”或其他不及物动词,如appear/ seem / live/ stand/ lie/come等.

There seems no need to help that country.

There lives an old man in that village.

There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.

2. 句首状语引起完全倒装

以out，in，up，down，away等副词开头的句子里，以表示强调。

“here（there，now，then）+不及物动词+主语”

①车来了。Here _________________

②铃响了。There_________________

③该你的了。Now__________________

④孩子们出去了。Out__________________

注意:当代词做主语时，主谓语序不变。

⑤他们出去。__________________

⑥他来了。__________________

注意2:这类倒装不用进行时。

（2010江苏）33. —Is everyone here?

—Not yet……Look , there_______ the rest of our guests!

A. come

B. comes

C. is coming

D. are coming

3.当句首状语为表示地点的介词/副词短语时，也常常引起全部倒装

①山上坐落着一座古老的寺庙。

An old temple lies on the top of the hill.

__________________lies an old temple.

②这些东西里有圣诞树、花儿、蜡烛和玩具.

Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys are among the goods.

__________________are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys.

（2010重庆）33. At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River______, one of the ten largest cities in China.

A. lies Chongqing

B. Chongqing lies

C. does lie Chongqing

D. does Chongqing lie

4.表语提前。有时当句子没有宾语而主语又比较长, 为避免头重脚轻，或者为了使上下文紧

密衔接,常把状语、表语放在句首,主谓完全倒装

Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests.

Gone are the days when teachers were looked down on.

Growing along the road are some wild flowers.

5. such和be连用作表语时，也常用倒装语序，如：

Such are the facts.

Such is Yuan Longping, a simple but great scientist.

6.分词和不定式置于句首时

Buried in the sands was an ancient village.

Standing beside the table was his wife.

To be carefully considered are the following questions.

II.部分倒装

1. 用于疑问句

Do you speak English?

2. 在以so, nor, neither 开头的句子里

so/nor/neither + be/助动词/情态动词＋主语（如So do I 等）表与前面内容也适用于另一个人或物时要部分倒装。

(1)He likes dancing. _______.

A. So his sister does.

B. So does his sister.

(2)- You forgot your purse when you went out.

- Good heavens, _______.

A.so did I

B. so I did

C. I did so

D. I so did

表示对上述情况的认同，确实如此.

-David has made great progress recently.

-他的确如此，你也一样._______________________

-He is a physics teacher but he loves English very much.

-我也与他的情况一样。_________________

--- Father, you promised!（2005湖北）

--- Well, _______. But it was you who didn’t k eep your word first.

A. so as I

B. so did I

C. so I was

D. so I did

3. 用于省略if的虚拟条件状语从句

虚拟语气条件句如果省略if, 其谓语必须倒装, 要把were, had, should等情态动词或助动词置于句首。

If you had reviewed your lessons, you might have passed the examination.

= _________________________, you might have passed the examination.

If you had got up a little earlier, you would have met the famous singer.

= _________________________, you would have met the famous singer.

4. 在下列否定或半否定词放句首表示强调时。如：

从不_________________ 任何地方都不_________________

很少_________________ 刚刚，几乎不_________________

两者都不_________________不仅…而且_________________

决不_________________

(2010四川)9．We laugh at jokes，but seldom ___ about how they work．

A．we think B．think we C．we do think D．do we think