选修八unit2知识点汇总

Unit 2 Cloning

语言要点（模块）

Ⅲ.重点词汇（旨在提供词汇综合运用所需材料）

1. differ vi. 不同；相异difference n. 不同之处different adj. 不同的

[典例]

1). Their house differs from mine in having no garage. 他们的房子与我的不同，区别在于他们

的没有起车库。

2). The two sides still differ with each other over the question of pay. 双方在报酬的问题上仍各

持己见。

[重点用法]

A differs from

B in... A与B在……方面不同 A differs with B about/on/over... A与B 就……意见相左

2. undertake vt. (undertook; undertaken) 着手；从事；承担；同意，答应，保证(后接to do) [典例]

1). She undertook the responsibility for these changes. 她承担了做出这些改变的责任。

2). He undertook to pay the money back in one month. 他答应在一个月之还钱。

3. forbid vt. (forbade or forbad; forbidden) 禁止；不准；阻止妨碍

[典例]

1). The law forbids the use of chemical fertilizers. 法律禁止使用化学肥料。

2). I forbid you to tell anyone. 我不准你告诉任何人。

[重点用法]

forbid sth. / doing sth. 禁止，不许（做某事）forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事

4. accumulate vt.&vi. 积累；聚积accumulation n [u,c] 积累

[典例]

1). By investing wisely she accumulated a fortune. 她由於投资精明而积蓄了一笔财产。

2). Dust and dirt soon accumulate if a house is not cleaned regularly. 房屋不经常打扫, 尘土很

快就越积越多。

5. owe vt. 欠；应该把……归功于；感激，感恩

[典例]

1). He owes his father £50. = He owes £50 to his father. 他欠他父亲50英镑。

2). We owe this discovery to Newton. 我们的这一发现归功於牛顿。

[重点用法]

owe sb sth = owe sth to sb 欠(某人)债owe sth to sb/sth将某事物归因或归功於某人/事[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。

1). How much do I owe you _______ the groceries?

2). He owes his success more _______ luck than _______ ability.

3). I owe a lot _______ my wife and children.

Keys: 1). for 2). to; to 3). to

6. retire vi.退休(役)；退出，撤退；就寝

[典例]

1). He will retire from the army next year. 他明年从部队退役。

2). Our forces retired to prepared positions. 我们的部队撤退到既设阵地上。

[重点用法]

retire from... 从……退休(役)/退出retire (from...) (to...) 退下，退出，离开（尤指到僻静处）

7. bother vt. 打扰vi. 操心n. 烦扰

[典例]

1). I am busy; don’ t bother me now. 我很忙，现在别打扰我。

2). I am sorry to bother you, but can you tell me the time. 对不起，打扰了，请问现在几点? [重点用法]

bother with/about 一为……而烦恼；因……操心bother to do / doing费神做……[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。

8. obtain vt. (正式；尤指通过努力或计划) 获得；得到obtainable adj能得到的; 可获得的[典例]

1). I haven’ t been able to obtain that record anywhere. 我到处都没买到那唱片。

2). He said that the police had obtained this information by illegal means. 他说警方是靠非法手

段获得这一资料的。

[重点用法]

obtain sth from sb/sth 从……获得某物

[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。

1). Are his records still ______ (obtain)?

2). Further information can be obtained _______ (介词) head office.

Keys: 1). obtainable 2). From

Ⅳ.重点词组（旨在提供综合运用所需材料）

1. pay off 得到好结果，取得成功(常用主动态)；偿清债款；付清工资解雇

[典例]

1). At last, his hard work paid off. 最后，他的努力得到了回报。

2). Did your plan pay off? 你的计划成功了吗?

[短语归纳] pay短语：

pay for付……的钱；为……而付出代价pay back sth. (pay sb. back sth.) 偿还

pay sb. (...) for sth. 因某事而付某人…… pay sb. (...) to do sth. 付某人(……)去做某事[练习] 用与pay相关的词组或所给词适当的形式填空。

1). After ten years of hard working she finally _______ _______ her debt.

2). Our efforts are sure to ________ ________.

3). Her parents ________ ________ America.

4). Have you ________ the milkman this week?

5). Have you ________ the money _______ the bank yet?

6). I will _______ you _______ next week.

7). I paid the boy ten yuan _______ (clean) the window.

Keys: 1). paid off 2). pay off 3). paid for 4). paid

5). paid; to 6). pay; back 7). to clean