主谓一致 就近原则

主谓一致——就近原则.

代表词汇：

代表词汇：

主谓一致现象。

有一类连接词，其后的谓语动词要与连接词前一部分的主语保持一致。此类连接词有with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except (but), including等。例如：

Tracy, like many girls, loves dancing. 特蕾西像很多女孩一样，喜欢跳舞。

All the students, including Tom, are leaving. 所有的学生，包括汤姆都走了。

No one except (but) me knows about this news. 除了我没有人知道这个消息。

就近原则现象。

还有另一类连接词，句中的谓语动词要与靠近的主语保持一致。此类连接词有or, either... or, neither...nor, not only... but also等。例如：

Neither you nor I am wrong. 你和我都没错。

Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. 不仅是学生，就连老师也期盼一个假期。

1.There be 句型There is a book and some pencils on the desk.

=There are some pencils and a book on the desk.

2.neither...nor... Neither you nor he is right.

= Neither he nor you are right.

3.either...or... Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday.

= Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday.

4.not only...but also... Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday.

= Not only Ann's parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.

百度词条：就近原则

也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity），即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。

I.在正式文体中：

1.由下列词语连接的并列主语："or ; either …or；nor; neither…or；whether…or；not…but; not only…but also" ; 等。e.g.

①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。

②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。

③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。

④Not only you hut(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了，他也错了。

2. 在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。e.g.

①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处，能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。

②There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。

II. 非正式文体中：

有时依“就近一致原则”，但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”。e.g.

Neither she nor I were there (意义一致) 我和他当时都不在那儿。（非正式）

Neither she nor I was there .（就近一致）（译文同上句）（正式）

但是，如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时，则常常认为是不太合符规范的。e.g.

No one except his own supporters agree(s) with him .仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见。（依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则；但语法上，“No one ”才是主语，谓语要改成“agrees”。“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。

主谓一致分为两大类：就近一致原则和意义一致原则。

就近一致原则指的是，以靠近谓语动词的，作主语的名词作为人称和数的参考标准。

意义一致原则指的是，必须分析主语属于单数或是复数，可数或是不可数，然后才能决定谓语动词的人称和数的形式。

就近一致原则（1）

连词not only...but also/ neither...nor/ or/ either...or/ not...but

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Not only the students but also the teacher is enjoying the film.

不仅学生而且老师都在津津乐道地看着电影。

Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it.

同学们和老师对此都一无所知。

Neither he nor they are wholly right.

他和他们，谁都不是完全对的。

Either he or I am right.

或者他对，或者我对。

就近一致原则（2）

副词here/ there

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Here comes the bus.

瞧，公共汽车来了。

Here is a pencil-box for you.

这儿有一个铅笔盒要给你。

Here are my replies to your questions.

这些是我针对你的问题的回答。

There is an apple, two bananas and some oranges on the plates.

盘子里有一个苹果，两条香蕉和一些桔子。

主谓一致：and

and的两边分别是不同的可数名词。

John and Mary are my friends.

约翰和玛丽都是我的朋友。

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and的两边分别是不同的不可数名词。

Both rice and wheat are grown in China.

中国有种水稻也有种小麦。

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and的两边的单词构成一个统一的概念。