失去爆破、连读、意群、上升

e.g. /tn/ written Britain certain whiteness partner witness start now what next /dn/ hidden pardon wooden sadness kidney good night red rose
/tm/ excitement atmosphere a bit more white mice eight men /dm/ admit sad music a good many broad minded
Practices
• • • • • • • • Group 1: white chalk loud cheers a good child a second choice a good job a hard journey a sweet dream
great change a good try a bit dry a black jacket a big trຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidue a fast train a cold drink
对下列短文作语音分析，首先标出重音、连读和失 去爆破或不完全爆破的音节，然后反复练习朗读：
• When an American today says "my family is coming to visit," he or she is using family to include cousins, uncles, grandparents, or any other relatives who do not live with him or her. That is, this person is using family the way it was used 150 years ago when the majority of Americans were farmers. In that earlier time, of course, three or more generations lived under one roof — grandparents, their children, their children's spouses, and their children's children. • Yet family is a very vague word. It can mean, for example, the speaker's parents, who do not live with him or her. On the other hand, it can mean uncles and aunts, nieces and nephews, first and second cousins, or even in-laws. As a result, the expression immediate family has come into use. It means something between the narrowest use of family and the broadest one: usually the grandparents, their children and their children's children.




out_of date Out_of Africa wait_and see Death_on the Nile have_a rest The Wizard_of Oz Alice_in Wonderland time's_up a mother_of three Cat_on a Hot Tin Roof




an_English girl a nice_idea a visit to_India an_apology made_up_of in_America
wait_a moment a lot_of noise once_in_a while a waste_of time not_in the least War_and Peace
kt: actor kd: public duty kk: black cat kg: park gate gp: flag pole gb: dog biscuit
不完全爆破
• 2．爆破音 + 摩擦音或破擦音 • （摩擦音：/f, v, T, ð, s, z, S, Z, r, h/） • （破擦音：/ts, dz, tr, dr, tS, dZ/ ） • 当一个爆破音后面紧跟着一个摩擦音或破擦音 时，前面的爆破音只作部分爆破。方法是：对于 前一个爆破音，作好发音的姿势，刚发出时，立 即过渡到第二个摩擦音或破擦音上去。第一个爆 破音发出的声音是非常轻微的，有时甚至听不出 来。这种现象叫做不完全爆破。例如/ttS, tdZ, dtS, ddZ, ptS, pdZ, gtS, gdZ/等。这样的组合出现时， 前面的爆破音就需要不完全爆破了。例如：
• • • • • • •
Group 2： good morning attend meetings not mine help me don't know at noon not now odd numbers good night quite near a loud noise an important matter a different meaning • good news urgent needs • a good memory
step forward first visit take three just then red stars keep silent a big zoo don't shout that chair
• 先将下列短文中的弱读、失去爆破和不完 全爆破划出，然后练习朗读： • Ladies and Gentlemen, I have some good news and some bad news. First, the good news. The dive that you just watched in Olympic Diving event was the winning dive. Now, the bad news. The swimming pool was empty.
• • • •
picture big jug good child that joke
鼻腔爆破
当爆破音后面紧跟鼻辅音时，爆破部位 由口腔爆破改为鼻腔爆破。 爆破音(t,d) ＋鼻辅音(m,n)
发音方法：两个音同时发音，舌尖紧紧 顶着齿龈，用气流冲击软腭使之下降 打开鼻腔的通道，爆破声从鼻子里出 来。 e.g. Good morning.
舌侧爆破
/t/,/d/ + /l/ 发爆破音的时候，舌尖贴住齿龈，舌的两侧 贴住上颚的两侧，为后面的/l/音做准备，在 爆破音的气流冲击下声音从舌的两侧泄出， 称为舌侧爆破。 例： /tl/ little battle settle cattle bottle /dl/ middle muddle model needle
连读
朗读下列短语，注意连读
：
a block_of flats the corner_of the street a tin_of peas the top_of the mountain a piece_of cake in_a foreign country a glass_of water an_instant success a cup_of tea such_a short time nice clear_air send_it by mail
a red tie sit down
tb: pocketbook tt: fast train td: great deal tk: not clean tg: white goose db: card board
dt:good time dk: red card dg: good girl kp: silk purse kb: ink bottle bd: cab driver bk: Bob came
• • • • • •
Group 3： active post-card hard times wet ground take care
blackboard September quite different hot bed next door
• • • • • • • • • •
Group 4： old friends bright future just think bright thought ask them first step folk songs book shelves make sure
失去爆破
Loss of plosion
失去爆破
1.爆破音/p,b,t,d,k,g/中任何两个音相邻， 第一个音只做发音的姿势，刚要发出时， 立即发出第二个爆破音。这个就叫“失 去爆破”。 a. 在单词内部。 e.g. doctor blackboard b. 在单词连读中。 e.g. a good time good-bye
• George is a young man. He does not have a wife, but he has a very big dog — and he has a very small car too. He likes playing tennis. Last Monday he played tennis for an hour at his club, and then he ran out and jumped into a car. His dog came after him, but it did not jump into the same car; it jumped into the next one. • "Come here, silly dog!" George shouted at it but the dog stayed/ in the other car. • George put his key into the lock of the car, but the key did not turn. Then he looked at the car again. It was not his! He was in the wrong car! And the dog was in the right one! "He's sitting and laughing at me!" George said angrily. But then he smiled/ and got into his car with the dog.
•
在说话和朗读时，意群的作用是：如果 感到句子很长，一口气说不下来，可以在 意群和意群之间有一个很短的停顿（换 气）。正确的停顿应该在意群和意群之间。 同一个意群内不应停顿。 • 意群之间的停顿不是固定的，而是灵活 的。可以按照个人的需要，可停顿也可不 停顿，可多停顿也可少停顿。
• Animal Instincts
意群停顿
• 句子可以按照它的意思和结构分成小段， 这样的小段就叫做意群。例如下面两个句 子按意群来分是这样的： • 1) By the time he arrived/ he was completely exhausted. • 2) When I leave Beijing/ I will leave/ with very fond memories/ of the city and it's people/ and with an increased knowledge of China.