思马得英语100个句子搞定英语语法(37)虚拟语气-

37.虚拟语气

<例句>

Were I in your shoes, I would let Tom know what I thought of him.

要是我处于你的地位，我就会让汤姆知道我对他的看法。

<语法分析>

这个句子是虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法，省略了if句子的语序改为倒装句。语气也是谓语动词的一种形式，可以表明说话的意图和目的等。虚拟语气表示一种假想的情况或主观愿望，动词有特殊的形式。在形式上分为现在虚拟语气、过去虚拟语气和过去完成虚拟语气三类。虚拟语气可以广泛地用在宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和状语从句中，另外还可用在祝愿语中，表示过去或将来的一些情况。

<触类旁通>

(1) God bless you.

愿上帝保佑你。

语法分析：表示主观愿望，现在虚拟语气。

(2) The old man treated me as though I were (was) a stranger.

这个老人待我如陌生人。

语法分析：表示过去的虚拟语气，与陈述语气的过去式相同，不过动词be要用were的形式。

(3) If only I had listened to his advice.

我要是听了他的劝告就好了。

语法分析：过去完成形式的虚拟语气。

(4）If I were you, I'd plant some flowers round the house.

如果我是你，我会在房子周围种些花。

语法分析：在If I were you 这样的句子中，were不能改为was，但在第三人称单数后面则可以用was。

(5) I wish I could help you.

但愿我能帮助你。

语法分析：在某些动词后面的宾语从句里需要用虚拟语气，除了wish外还有would rather [sooner], suggest, demand, ask, insist以及urge, advise等词。

(6) It's time we were leaving.

我们该走了。

语法分析：在It's [high] time后的定语从句中要用虚拟语气。

<巩固练习>

(1) Who _____[think] to see you here!

(2) I think she _____[know] about it all the time.

(3) Would it be true that she _____[see] him before he died?

(4) It's time we _____[order] dinner.

(5) The teacher has loved the students as if they _____[be] his own sons.

(6) It's strange that he _____[be] so late.

(7) I move that we _____[accept] the proposal.

<参考答案>

(1) would have thought (2) knew (3) had seen (4) ordered (5) were (6) should be (7) accept