Evolution of the Computer

Evolution of the Computer:

演化的电脑:

The first counting device was the abacus, originally from Asia. It worked on a place-value notion meaning that the place of a bead or rock on the apparatus determined how much it was worth.

第一个计数装置是算盘,原来来自亚洲。它工作在一个值概念意味着代替了珠和岩石上确定仪器它需要多少钱的价值。

1600s: John Napier discovers logarithms. Robert Bissaker invents the slide rule which will remain in popular use until 19??.

1600年代纳皮尔的对数约翰发现。罗伯特Bissaker发明计算尺它将始终在流行使用,直到19 ? ?。

1642: Blaise Pascal, a French mathematician and philosopher, invents the first mechanical digital calculator using gears, called the Pascaline. Although this machine could perform addition and subtraction on whole numbers, it was too expensive and only Pascal himself could repare it.

1642:Blaise帕斯卡尔,一个法国数学家和哲学家,发明了第一个机械数字计算器使用齿轮,叫做Pascaline。尽管这台机器能完成对整数加法和减法,它太贵了,只有自己能返修。帕斯卡1804: Joseph Marie Jacquard used punch cards to automate a weaving loom. 1804年约瑟夫玛丽提花用打孔卡,织布机自动化。

1812: Charles P. Babbage, the "father of the computer", discovered that many long calculations involved many similar, repeated operations. Therefore, he designed a machine, the difference engine which would be steam-powered, fully automatic and commanded by a fixed instruction program.

1812年:查尔斯·p·巴巴奇,“电脑之父”,发现许多涉及许多类似长计算,重复操作。因此,他设计了一台机器,不同的引擎将发明家,全自动,吩咐固定的教学计划。

In 1833, Babbage quit working on this machine to concentrate on the analytical engine.

1833年,在这台机器上·巴巴奇辞掉工作,集中分析引擎。

1840s: Augusta Ada. "The first programmer" suggested that a binary system shouled be used for staorage rather than a decimal system.

1840年代奥古斯塔阿达。“第一个程序员”建议这种双星系统shouled被用于staorage而不是一个十进制系统。

1850s: George Boole developed Boolean logic which would later be used in the design of computer circuitry.

1850年代开发的乔治。布尔布尔逻辑以后可能设计中使用计算机电路。

1890: Dr. Herman Hollerith introduced the first electromechanical,

punched-card data-processing machine which was used to compile information for the 1890 U.S. census. Hollerith's tabulator became so successful that he started his own business to market it. His company would eventually become International Business Machines (IBM).

1890年:博士赫尔曼。霍尔瑞斯推出首个机电、punched-card资料处理机器,用来编写信息对1890年美国人口普查。关于霍勒里斯的tabulator变得如此成功,他开始自己的业务市场资讯。他的公司将最终成为国际商业机器(IBM)。

1906: The vacuum tube is invented by American physicist Lee De Forest.

1906年发明的真空管是美国物理学家李。德森林。

1939: Dr. John V. Atanasoff and his assistant Clifford Berry build the first electronic digital computer. Their machine, the Atanasoff-Berry-Computer (ABC) provided the foundation for the advances in electronic digital computers. 1939年:博士约翰v•阿坦那索夫和他的助手克利夫•贝瑞建立第一电子数字计算机。他们的机、Atanasoff-Berry-Computer(ABC)提供了基础,电子数字计算机。

1941, Konrad Zuse (recently deceased in January of 1996), from Germany, introduced the first programmable computer designed to solve complex engineering equations. This machine, called the Z3, was also the first to work on the binary system instead of the decimal system.

1941年,康拉德•祖萨开发(新近去世于1996年1月),来自德国,

首先介绍了可编程计算机设计解决复杂工程方程。这台机器,叫做Z3,也是第一个工作,对二进制而不是十进制系统。

1943: British mathematician Alan Turing developped a hypothetical device, the Turing machine which would be designed to perform logical operation and could read and write. It would presage programmable computers. He also used vacuum technology to build British Colossus, a machine used to counteract the German code scrambling device, Enigma.

1943年:英国数学家艾伦·图灵开发的一个假设的装置,将涂林机器用来执行逻辑运算,可以读和写。它将可编程计算机的前兆。他也用真空技术,建立英国庞然大物,机器代码用于对抗德国的置乱装置,谜。

1944: Howard Aiken, in collaboration with engineers from IBM, constructed a large automatic digital sequence-controlled computer called the Harvard Mark I. This computer could handle all four arithmetic opreations, and had special built-in programs for logarithms and trigonometric functions.

1944年:霍华德位会同IBM的工程师,构成了一个大型自动数字sequence-controlled计算机叫做“哈佛·马克。这台电脑可以处理全部的四个算术合作任务,有特殊的内建程序为对数和三角函数。

1945: Dr. John von Neumann presented a paper outlining the stored-program concept.

1945年:博士约翰·冯·纽曼提交了一个概述“stored-program概念。

1947: The giant ENIAC (Electrical Numerical Integrator and Calculator) machine was developped by John W. Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert, Jr. at the