高考英语概要写作解题策略与技巧(9页)

高考英语概要写作解题策略与技巧

一、概要写作命题规律和趋势

根据《普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语考试说明〈高考综合改革试验省份试用〉》（第一版）可知，概要写作的设题形式如下：

提供一篇350字以内的短文，短文体裁以说明文和议论文为主，要求考生在正确理解文章的基础上，在不改变原文中心思想的前提下，用简明、精炼的语言高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点，写出一篇60字左右的内容概要。

二、概要写作解题策略和技巧

第一，读懂原文，抓住大意。这是概要写作的最基本也是最重要的要求，如果不能正确地理解原文，不能准确地把握文章大意，那么我们的概要写作就会下笔千言离题万里。语言再优美地道也是无用之功，南辕北辙。

第二，定位主题句，找到关键。

概要写作涉及的文体主要有两种：议论文和说明文，针对不同的文体，我们要采用不同的方法定位主题句，或者找出关键信息。

1．议论文的概括先要弄清楚文章的观点、论据和结论，注意文章每一段的首尾句或者文章的首尾段。通常，一篇文章有几个段落就有几个中心句。文中有一分为二的观点的，两种观点都要概括，不要漏掉其中一方的观点。

例如：Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. An essential part of listening well is the rule known as “bracketing”. Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or setting aside of your prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone else’s world from the inside, stepping into his or her shoes. Moreover, since listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary acceptance of the other person. Sensing this acceptance, the speaker will seem quite

willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. True communication is under way and the energy required for listening well is so great that it can be accomplished only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth.

本段陈述的主要内容为：做一个好的倾听者需要全神贯注，即是bracketing 法则：第一，暂时摒弃个人的偏见和要求，设身处地地为别人着想；第二，暂时全面地接受对方。只有这样才能做到彼此真正交流，才能促进双方共同进步。主题句为：Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else.，但是在概括中还必须包括bracketing所得到的两个要点：giving up or setting aside of your prejudices and desires和a temporary acceptance of the other person，整合后可形成这样的主题内容：Following the rule “bracketing”, which means listening without prejudices and with acceptance, is of vital importance in helping you become a good listener.

2．说明文通常会有中心句，写概要时要注意找出中心句，抓住关键词，然后用自己的话重组文章的信息。

例如：Scientists have found evidence of a giant planet far out in our solar system. In a statement, the California Institute of Technology (Calatech) said this planet travels in a strange orbit in the distant solar system. The discovery was made by two researchers at Caltech: Konstantin Batygin and Mike Brown. They used mathematical modeling and computer simulations(模拟) to find the planet. So far, there have not been any direct observations of the planet.

本段落的主要内容为科学家们发现了第九大行星存在证据，不过目前为止对此行星并没有直接的观测发现。主题句为：Scientists have found evidence of a giant planet far out in our solar system…So far, there have not been any direct

observations of the planet.用自己的语言重组后，关键信息如下：Though scientists have not observed the faraway planet directly, they say it is evident that there exists a giant planet in our solar system.

第三，组织语言，转换表达。

在概要写作的评分标准中，第五档（21-25分）中对语言表达独立性的要求为：完全使用自己的语言。

有个别整句抄自原文的降低一个档次给分（第四档）；出现两句以上照抄原文的，再降低一个档次给分（第三档）。这就要求我们在概要写作的过程中，在读懂原文、抓住大意、定位主题句和找到关键信息之后，要做的就是对语言的润色加工了。在这个过程中，我们可以采用同义替换、语义转换、要点重组、巧用关联词等方法灵活准确地表达，以达到语言表达独立性的要求。

例如：The researchers say countries need to work together and come up with safe stopover areas for birds that pass through their boundaries. For example, one country might have preserved safe zones for migrating birds. But a neighbor country might not. A bird might perish. One scientist tells the Los Angeles Times that while some habitats are changing; more work can be done to make urban areas safe for birds. He says small changes-like planting more native plants or keeping cats out of areas birds would be likely to use-could make a big difference.

本段落的主要内容分为：研究者呼吁世界各国加强合作，为过境的鸟儿提供一个安全的栖息地。小小的善行能带来大大不同。主题句为：The researchers say countries need to work together and come up with safe stopover areas for birds that pass through their boundaries…small changes…could make a big difference.可同义替换为contribute a lot; small changes可转换为a little kindness，同时可用关联词