英美文学讲练EnglishLiteratureEXERCISES

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exercise英美文学

_______ was the only old romantic who Hazlitt never wavered in his devotion to the cause of the French Revolution. 15. All his life, Hazlitt remained loyal to the principles of_________, _________ and liberty equality ___________. fraternity
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9. Charles Lamb’s Tales from Shakespeare is for __________. children 10. ________________ a joint work Lyrical Ballads of Wordsworth and his friend Coleridge.

7. Shelley’s works reflect his interests both in _________ and in social politics ________. justice 8. The theme of Keats’ Hyperion is the ________ conflict between the old and the new.
greatest historical _________novelist Walter Scott appeared in the Romantic Period. Manfred 21. ________ is Byron’s philosophical poetic drama.
20.The
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27. Queen Mab, Shelley’s important poem, is written in the form of a _________________. fairy tale dream 28. The poem Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage contains _____ cantos. It 4 is written in Spenserian stanza.

(2021年整理)英美文学期末Summary1ofEnglishLiterature

(完整版)英美文学期末Summary1ofEnglishLiterature编辑整理：尊敬的读者朋友们：这里是精品文档编辑中心，本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对，但是难免会有疏漏的地方，但是任然希望（(完整版)英美文学期末Summary1ofEnglishLiterature）的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。

同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈，这将是我们进步的源泉，前进的动力。

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(完整版)英美文学期末Summary1ofEnglishLiterature编辑整理：张嬗雒老师尊敬的读者朋友们:这里是精品文档编辑中心,本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布到文库，发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对,但是难免会有疏漏的地方,但是我们任然希望（完整版）英美文学期末Summary1ofEnglishLiterature 这篇文档能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。

同时我们也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈到下面的留言区，这将是我们进步的源泉,前进的动力。

本文可编辑可修改，如果觉得对您有帮助请下载收藏以便随时查阅，最后祝您生活愉快业绩进步，以下为 <(完整版）英美文学期末Summary1ofEnglishLiterature> 这篇文档的全部内容.English LiteratureSummary OnePart One： Old and Medieval English Literature 中古英国文学•Background Information：•Three Conquests： the Roman Conquest, the Anglo-Saxon Conquest， the Norman Conquest•The Period of Old English literature: about the year of 450 ～ the year of 1066 (the year of the Norman conquest of England）Beowulf《贝尔武甫》：•Type of literature：the national epic of the Anglo—Saxon and English people，a typical example of Old English poetry•Stories: fights with monsters•Characters： Beowulf vs. Grendel•Significance: reflection of the features of the tribal society of ancient times.•Language features: the use of alliteration; the use of metaphors and understatements。

自考英美文学选读00604考前串讲（1-10）

自考英美文学选读00604考前串讲（1-10）英美文学考前串讲（1）前言：大家好！为了帮助广大的考生在有效的时间内达到较好的复习效果，我们总结了近几年来京城一些名师的串讲资料，以及上课老师所讲的重点内容．对于没有上过课的学生，相信它会给您一个指导性的作用，帮助您达到事半功倍的效果！而对于上过课的考生来说，再看以下的串讲内容效果当然会更好！以下的串讲内容包括三方面内容：第一部分：介绍考试题型及评分标准第二部分：考试习题集 (以串讲内容及课本重点知识为依据)．第三部分: 考试注意事项(由于时间有限，难免有不足，还请大家原谅!)Wish you all Success! Good Luck!Part I Introduction about Examination:1) 考试题型第一部分：选择题：I. Multiple Choice: (40 points, 1 point for each)E.g. Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies are the following works except ____.A. HamletB. King LearC. Romeo and JulietD. OthelloAnswer: C. (可参考课本P33)II. Reading Comprehension (16 points, 4 points for each)也就是根据选读中的一句话或一段话，回答三个问题，这些完成来自于书上，在以下的串讲中我们会给大家做具体的总结，以帮助大家顺利的通过考试！例如：2001年考过的一个题目：“Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere;/Destroy and Preserver’ hear, O hear!”Questions:A. Identify the poem and the poet.B. What is the "Wild Spirit"?C. What does the "Wild Spirit" destroy and preserve?Answer:A: Shelly’s "Ode to the West wind"雪莱的《西风颂》B. The West wind: "breath of Autumn’s being’’C. It destroys things /thoughts / idea that are dead, it preserves new life. (or seeds that represent new life or new birth.) (可参考课本P211)评分标准：A,B,各1分，C,2分. 语言错误酌情扣分第二部分是非选择题 (共44分)III. Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 points for each) 例如："My boy!" said the old gentleman, learning over the desk. Oliver started at the sound. He might be excused for doing so, for the words were kindly said, and strange sounds frighten one. He trembled violently, and burst into tears." (Charles Dickens, Oliver Twist)Explain why the boy (Oliver Twist) started first, then trembled violently and burst into tears when the words were” kindly" said.参考答案：The boy started at the words because kind words were not expected; it is (was, must be) the first time in all his life that the boy (Oliver Twist) had been “kindly” greeted; strange sounds may predict another suffering/misfortune/tortu re/…) (At least one example from the text to back up the above statement.)评分标准：概述占4分, 例子占2分．语言错误酌情扣分．IV. Topic discussion (20 points in all, 10 points for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.例如：Mark Twin presented the 19th century American in his own unique way. Discuss Twain’s art of fiction: the setting, the language, and the characters, etc., based on his novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.参考答案：A.Mark Twain uses the Mississippi alley as his fictional kingdom, writing about the landscape and people, the customs and the dialects of one particular region, and therefore known as a local colorist.B.He creates life-like characters, especially the unconventional Huckleberry Finn, who runs away from civilization and stands opposite to conventional village morality.C.He uses a simple, direct vernacular language, totally different from any precious literary language. It is the kind of colloquial language belonging to the lower class, the living local American English.D.He has created a special humor to satirize social injustice and the decayed convention.英美文学考前串讲（2）Part One: English LiteratureChapter I An Introduction to Old and Medieval English Literature & The Renaissance PeriodI. Choose the right answer:1. Dr. Faustus is a play based on the _____legend of a magicianaspiring for ____ and finally meeting his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the Devil.A.British/ immoralityB.French/moneyC.German/knowledgeD.American/political powerAnswer: C (可参考课本P21)2. _____, is a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded today as the national epicof the Anglo-Saxons.A.The Wife’s ComplaintB.BeowulfC.The Dream of the RoodD.The SeafarerAnswer: B (可参考课本P1)3.It’s Chaucer alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English Society in his masterpiece__________.A.The Canterbury TalesB.The Legend of Good WomenC.Troilus and CriseydeD. The Romaunt of the Rose.Answer: A (可参考课本P4)4. The Essence of Renaissance, the most significant intellectual movement, was_____.A. Geographical explorationB. Religious reformationC. Publishing and translationD. Humanism.Answer: D (可参考课本P8)5. “Prince Arthur’s greatest mission is his search for Gloriana, with whom he has fallen in love through a love vision.”The two figures come from_____.A.Paradise LostB.Dr. FaustusC.The Faerie QueeneD.HamletAnswer: C (可参考课本P13)6. In “Sonnet 18”, Shakespeare_________________.A.Meditate on the destructive power of time and eternal beauty by poetry.B.Satirize human’s vanity.C.Predict the eternity of love.D.Eulogize the power of the beauty.Answer: A (P37)7. ____ gave new vigor to the blank verse with his “mighty lines” and make ’blank verse’the principle vehicle of expression in drama.A.SurreyB.WyattC.MarloweD.SidneyAnswer: C (P21)8. Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies are the following works except____.A.HamletB.King LearC.Romeo and JulietD.OthelloAnswer: C (P33)9. The Renaissance refers to between 14th----mid-17th century, which was under the reign of Queen___and absolute monarchy in England reached its summit, and in which the ’real mainstream (真正的文学主流)’ was ____.A.Victoria/poetryB.Elizabeth/ dramaC.Mary/ novelD.James/ dramaAnswer: B (P11)10. In The Legend of Good Women, Chaucer used for the first time in English the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter, which is to be called later____.A.The Spenserian stanzaB.The heroic coupletC.The blank verseD.The free verseAnswer: B (P5)11. The Redcrosse Knight in “The Faerie Queene” stands for_____, and Una stands for_____.A.bravery/ chastityB.holiness/ truthC.error/ deliveryD.true gentleman/ lady.Answer: B (P16)12. Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the characteristics of Renaissance?A.Rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture.B.Attempt to remove the old feudalist ideas in Medieval Europe.C.Exaltation of man’s pursuit of happiness in his life, and tolerance of man’s f oibles.D.Praise of man’s efforts in soul delivery and personal salvation.Answer: D (P7)13. “The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune” is an example of ______.A.MetaphorB.SimileC.IronyD.PersonificationAnswer: A (P55)14. _____ introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.A.Anglos/ SaxonsB.Normans/ Anglo-SaxonsC.Greeks/ RomansD.Romans/ NormansAnswer: B (P11)15. It is ___ alone who, for the first time in English literature presented to us a comprehe nsive realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life.A.Edmund SpenserB.Geoffrey ChaucerC.William ShakespeareD.John DonneAnswer: B (P4)16. The following belong to the characteristics of ’metaphysical poetry’ represented by ’John Donne’ except___.A.ConceitsB.Actual imagery and simple dictionC.Argumentative formD.Elegant styleAnswer: D (P63)17. Paradise Lost is actually a story taken from____.A.Greek MythologyB.Roman legendC.The Old TestamentD.The New TestamentAnswer: C (P73)18. In “Paradise Lost”, Satan says “We may with more successful hope resolve/ To wage by force or guile eternal war, / Irreconcilable to our grand Foe” What does the “Eternal war”mean?A.To remove God from his throneB.To burn the Heaven DownC.To corrupt God’s creation of man and woman-----Adam and EveD.To beguile into a snake to threaten man’s lifeAnswer: C (P71, 节选部分在P75)19. _____, the first of the great tragedies, is generally regarded as Shakespeare’s most po pular play o n the stage, for it has the qualities of a “blood-and-thunder” thriller and a ’philosophical exploration’ of life and death.A.The Merchant of VeniceB.HamletC.King LearD.The Winter’s TaleAnswer: B (P33)20. It was ___and ___ the two conquests that provided the source for the rise and growth ofEnglish literature.A.Anglos/ SaxonsB.Normans/ Anglo-SaxonsC.Romans/ NormansD.Greeks/ RomansAnswer: B (P1)21. Paradise Lost is ___’s masterpiece, which is an epic in 12 books, written in blank verse, abo ut the heroic revolt of Satan against God’s authority.A.John DonneB.Christopher MarloweC.John MiltonD.Edmund SpenserAnswer: C (P71)22. The following description fit into Milton ’except’_____.A.a great revolutionary poet of the 17th centuryB.an outstanding political pamphleteerC.a great stylist and master of blank verseD.a kind of elegant and refine style.Answer: D (P70---73)23. _____is not written by John Milton.A.Samson AgonistesB.Paradise LostC.Paradise regainedD.TamburlaineAnswer: D (P71)24. Marlow’s greatest achievement is that he perfected the ’blank verse’, and he is regarded as ’the pioneer of English drama’, which of the following is not written by him?A.TamburlaineB.The Jew of MaltaC.The Passionate to His LoveD.The Sun RisingAnswer: D (P20)25. ____Essays is the first example of that genre in English literature, which has been recgnized as an important landmark in the development of English prose.A.John Milton’sB.Francis Bacon’sC.Montaigne’sD.Thomas Gray’sAnswer: B (P58)26._____Was known as “the poets’poet”.A.William ShakespeareB.Edmund SpenserC.John DonneD.John MiltonAnswer: B (P15)27. “And we will make thee beds of roses / And a thousand fragrant posies/ A cap of flowers, and a kirtle/ Embroidered all with leaves of myrtle.”The above lines are probably taken from______.A.Spenser’s The Faerie Queene27.B.John Donne’s The Sun RisingC.Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18D.Marlow’s The Passionate Shepherd to His Love.Answer: D (P28)28. Which of the following statement best illustrates the theme of Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18?A.The speaker eulogizes the power of Nature.B.The speaker satirizes human vanity.C.The speaker praises the power of artistic creation.D.The speaker meditates on man’s salvation.Answer: C (P37)II. Read the quoted part and answer the questions:1.“For herein Fortune shows herself more kindThan is her custom. It is still her useTo let the wretched man outlive his wealth,To view with hollow eye and wrinkled browAn age of poverty; from which ling’ring pe nanceOf such misery doth she cut me off”1.Identify the title of the works and author.2.Explain “from which…cut me off”.3.What happened to him, which caused the words?参考答案:The lines are from “The Merchant of Venice”,William Shakespeare. (P48)2) This sentence means she, ’Lady Fortune(命运女神)’, is more kind to him because she is taking away both his wealth and life.3) The speaker is Antonio, it’s said that his ship have all been lost, and he is penniless, and will have to pay the pound of flesh. (Because Shylock has made a strange bond that requiresAntonio to pay him a pound of flesh if he can’t repay him the money that he borrowed for his friend in due time.) (P38)2.“Read not to contract and confuse, not to believe and take for granted, nor to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider”1)Identify the work and author.2)What idea does the passage express?参考答案：1) The sentence comes from “Of Studies”written by ’Francis Bacon’. (P61)2) The Sentence talks about the proper way to read: When you r ead, don’t be puzzled by the content of the book; don’t take it for granted; don’t quote too much from the book; before accepting its idea, you’d better think about its shortcomings and consider it from all sides.3.“Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;Nor shall death brag thou wander’st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.1) Where does the poem comes from? Who wrote it?What does “eternal lines”mean?Interpret it briefly.参考答案：1) The poem is “Shall I Compare thee to a Summer’s Day”, by Shakespeare. (P38)2) Eternal lines means the lines of the poem and other sonnets. (P38)3) It means: you will not lose your beauty, and death will not threaten you with darkness, either. As long as man can live in theworld, they will see your beauty in my lines of my poem, which has given you eternal life. (Or A nice summer’s day is usually transient, but the beauty in poetry can last for ever. (P37)4.“…All is no lost: the unconquerable will,And study of revenge, immortal hate,And courage never to submit or yield:And what is else not to be overcome?……Irreconcilable to our grand Foe”1) Please identify the poem and the poet.2) Interpret“all is not lost”.3) What does the whole passage mean?参考答案：1) It is taken from John Milton’s “Paradise Lost”.(P74)2) “all is not lost”is the word from Satan----Satan and other angels rebel against God, but they are driven from Heaven into hell. In the fire of the hell, Satan is determined to fight back, just like what he says: not all is lost, the unconquerable will, the deep hatred, and the courage to fight till death still remain. (P71)3) This passage shows Satan’s will not to submit (服从), and the desire to long for freedom; to beg God for mercy and worship his power is more shameful and disgraceful than the downfall.(P71)5.“If he be not apt to beat over matters, let him study the lawyer’s cases. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.”Questions:3)What does “beat over matters”mean?4)What does “receipt’refer to?5)From which essay does the above sentences come, what is the essay mainly about?参考答案：1)It means: make through examinations of things. (P63)2)“Receipt”refers to cure, prescription. (P63)3)The sentences are from “Of Studies”(Francis Bacon). It is the most popular of bacon’s essays. It analyzes what studies chiefly serve for, the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies, and how studies exert influence over human character. (P60—61)6.“What, is great Mephistophilis to passionateFor being deprived of the joys of heaven?Learn thou of Faustus manly fortitudeAnd scorn those joys thou never shalt possess.……Say he will spare him Four and twenty yearsLetting him live in all voluptuousnessHaving thee ever to attend on me…Questions:1)Identify the passage and author;2)“Say he surrenders up to him his soul”, who will surrender his soul? What for?3)Who are thee? What will he do?参考答案：1) The passage come s from “Dr.Faustus”written by Christopher Marlowe. (P25—26)2) Dr.Faustus will surrender his soul to devil. Because he wasa great scholar who has a strong desire to ’get knowledge’in vain, finally he ’made a bond’to sell his soul to Devil in return for 24 years of life in which he may get anything he desires. (P22)3) The “thee”, refers to “Mephistophilis”, the Devil’s servant.He helped Dr.Faustus to do anything he wants. (P22)7.“Busy old fool, unruly sun,Why does thou thus,Through windows and through curtains call on us?”Questions:6)Identify the work and author.7)What idea does the passage express?参考答案:1)The passage comes from “The Sun Rising”, written by ’John Donne’. (P66)2) The speaker questions the sun’s authority and speaks condescendingly, placing the sun in the status of a subordinate. In the lover’s kingdom, the sun has no right to dictate the time of day or the passing of seasons. His presence in their bedchamber is an intrusion on their privacy.III. Questions and answers:1.How do you know about Renaissance? Give a summery about English literature in the period?(No more than 150 words)参考答案:1.The Renaissance refers to the period between 14th----mid-17th century. It first started in Italy.2.The Renaissance means rebirth or revival----the discovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture.3.In essence, The Renaissance is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars tried to get rid of the old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie/middle class, and to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of Roman Catholic church.4.Humanism is the essence of Renaissance -----Man is the measure of all things. The humanism exalted/praised human nature and emphasized the dignity of human beings and the present life. They thought man had the right to enjoy the beauty of life and had the ability to perfect himself and made wonders, which got ready for the appearance of the great Elizabethan writers in Britain. Poetry and drama were the most outstanding literary forms.5.Shakespeare, Marlowe and Francis Bacon etc. were the remarkable representatives of the English Renaissance. (可参考课本P7---12)2. Please give a brief analysis of Hamlet’s “T o be or not to be”soliloquy (独白).参考答案:“To be or not to be”is ’a philosophical exploration of life and death’. The soliloquy condemned the hypocrisy and treachery and general corruption of the world, and revealed the character of Hamlet---so ’speculative, questioning, contemplative and melancholy./gloomy’. It was not because he was not able to take action to revenge, but because of his ’hesitative/hesitant character’, when the chance for acti on came, it seemed defeat.It can be interpreted as: Hamlet bears the heavy burden of the duty to revenge his father’s death, he is forced to live in the suspense of facts and fiction, language and action. He considers that it would be better to ’commit suicide’, but being scared of what might happen to him in the afterlife. So he put off the thing because of the sin. He considers the plan carefully only to find reason for not carrying it out. The soliloquy conveys ’the sense of world-weariness (厌世)’. (P33-34)3. What common features do the characters share in Marlow’s works? (No more than 150 words)参考答案:The creation of The Renaissance hero is one of Marlow’s contributions.1)Such a hero is always individualistic and full of ambition, facing bravely the challenge from god and men. They had human dignity and capacity, trying to get heaven/highest ideas on the earth by their own efforts.2)For example: T amburlaine is a character written by Marlowe. By depicting a great hero with high ambition and sheer brutal forc4e in conquering, Marlowe voiced the supreme desire of man for infinite/ limitless power and authority. In Dr.Faustus, Marlowe celebrated the human passion for knowledge, power and happiness.3) Tamburlaine and Dr.Faustus are typical in owning such Renaissance spirit, Tamburlaine, being a cruel conquer, found happiness in conquering other kingdom. Only death could defeat him. While Dr.Faustus, a more introspective and philosophical figure, had high spirit for knowledge but he had sin for having despair in God and trust in Devil. (P20—22)4. What are the main themes of Shakespeare’s plays?参考答案：Shakespeare’s plays are divided into 3 types: comedies, tragedies and historical plays.1) His historical plays are with the theme-----national unity under a might and just sovereign/ruler is necessary.2)In his romantic comedies, he takes an optimistic attitude toward love friendship and youth.3)In his tragedies, Shakespeare always portrays some nobleheroes, who faces the injustice of life and is caught ina difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of his nation. Each hero has his weakness of nature. We also see the conflict between the individual and the evil force in the society. And his major characters are always individuals representing certain types.5. Please comment on the character of Satan in “Paradise Lost.”参考答案：Satan is a rebellious (叛逆的) figure against God in literature, defeated, he and his rebel angels were cast into hell. However, Satan refused to accept his failure, swearing that “all was not lost”and that he would revenge for his downfall. The freedom of the will is the keystone of Satan’s character, which was the important spirit of the rising middle class. While he tempted Adam and Eve, which proved his evilness.6. What are the characteristics of the Humanism?参考答案：1)’Humanism’is the essence of Renaissance.2)Humanists see that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection, and that the world they inhabited was theirs not to despise (轻视) but to ’question, explore, and enjoy’.3)They also believe that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himself and to perform wonders (创造奇迹). (P8)英美文学考前串讲（3）Chapter 2 The Neoclassical PeriodI. Choose the right answer:1. ____brings Henry Fielding the name of the "Prose Homer".B.Tom JonesC.Robison CrusoeD.Colonel JackAnswer: B (P122)2. Alexander Pope worked painstakingly on his poemsand finally brought to its last perfection ______Drydenhad successfully used in his plays.A.the heroic coupletB.the free verseC.the blank verseD.the Spenserian stanzaAnswer: A (P92)3. Of all the 18th century novelists ___was the first to set out,both in theory and practice, to write specially a "comic epic in prose."A.Henry FieldingB.Daniel DefoeC.Jonathan SwiftD.John BunyanAnswer: A (P120)4. ____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language.A.Genesis AB.The Holy WarC.The Pilgrims progressD.ExodusAnswer: C (P85)5. In which of the following works can you find the proper names "Lilliput", "Brobdingnag", "Houyhnhnm" and "Yahoo"?B.The Faririe QueeneC.Gulliver’s travelsD.The School of ScandelAnswer: C (P108)6. "As shades more sweetly recommend the light,So modest plainness sets off sprightly wit;For works may have more wit than does’em goodAs bodies perish through excess of blood."In the above lines, Pope tries to sat that_______.A.more wit will make better poetryB.plainness is more important than wit in poetryC.too much wit will destroy good poetryD.plainness will make wit dullAnswer: C (P93-94)7. The Rape of the Lock by Alexander Pope is written in the formof a mock______, which describes the triviality of high society in a grand style.A.epicB.elegyC.sonnetD.odeAnswer: A (P92)8. Which of the following is NOT a typical feature ofSamuel Johnson’s language style?A.His sentences are long and well structured.B.His sentences are interwoven with parallel words.C.He tends to use informal and colloquial words.D.His sentences are complicated, but his thoughts are clearlyexpressed. Answer: C (P132)9. "The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power,And all that beauty, all that wealth e’er gave,Awaits alike the inevitable hour.In the above quoted passage, Thomas Gray intends to say that great family, power, beauty and wealth___________.A.will never make people lead to the same destination----paths of glory.B.will inevitably make people realize their glorious dreamsC.are the very best things to lead people to their gloriesD.will never prevent people from reaching their final destination---grave. Answer: D (P154)10. ____has been regarded by some as "Father of the English novel"for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel.A.John BunyanB.Henry FieldingC.Daniel DefoeD.Johnathan SwiftAnswer: B (P121)11. ____was very much concerned with the theme of the vanityof human wishes and tried to awaken men to this follyand hoped to cure them of it through his writing.A.Samuel JohnsonB.Jonathan SwiftC.Richard Brinsley SheridanD.Thomas GrayAnswer: A (P132)12. ____was the only important dramatist of the 18th century,in his plays, morality is the constant theme.A.Alexander PopeB.Richard Brinsley SheridanC.Samuel JohnsonD.George Bernard ShawAnswer: B (P136)13. As the representative of the Enlightenment, Pope was oneof the first to introduce___to England.A.RationalismB.CriticismC.RomanticismD.RealismAnswer: A (P91)14. The Rivals and ____are generally regarded as important linksbetween the masterpiece of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw.A.The School for ScandalB.The DuennaC.Widower’s HousesD.The Doctor’s DilemmaAnswer: A (P137)15. ____is a sharp satire on the moral degeneracy(道德沦丧) of the aristocratic-bourgeois society in the 18th century England.A.The RivalsB.Gulliver’s TravelsC.Toms JonesD.The School for ScandalAnswer: D (P138)16. The poem "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" by Thomas Grayis regarded as the most representative work of _____.A.The Metaphysical SchoolB.The Graveyard SchoolC.The Gothic SchoolD.The Romantic SchoolAnswer: B (P152)17. _______, written in heroic couplet by Pope, is consideredmanifesto of English Neoclassicism.A.An Essay of Dramatic PoetryB.An Essay on CriticismC.The Advancing of learningD.An Essay on FreedomAnswer: B (P93)18. ______is a typical feature of Swift’s writings.A.Elegant styleB.Causal narrationC.Bitter satire/doc/eb7726994.html,plicated sentence structureAnswer: C (P107)19. In the following writings by Henry Fielding,which brings him the name of the "Prose Homer"?A.The Coffee---House Politician.B.The Tragedy of Tragedies.C.The History of Tom Jones, A Foundling.D.The History of Amelia.Answer: C (P120)20. "Hold! See whether it is or not before you go to thedoor----I have a particular message for you if it should be my brother." The two sentences are found in ________.A.The School for ScandalB.The RivalsC.The CriticD.The Scheming LieutenantAnswer: A (P139)21. In terms of Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard, which is wrong?A.The author employs metaphor in this poem.B.The author excessively expresses his personal melancholy.C.Here he reveals his sympathy for the poor and the unknown.D.He mocks the great ones who despise the poor and bring havoc on them.Answer: B (P152-153)22. The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gulliver’s Travels are________.A.horses that are endowed with reason.B.pigmies that are endowed with admirable qualitiesC.giants that are superior in wisdom.D.Hairy, wild, low and despicable creatures,who resemble human beings not only in appearancebut also in some other ways.Answer: A (P108)II. Read the quoted part and answer the questions:1. "Words are like leaves;and where they most abound,Much fruit of sense beneath is rarely found.False eloquence, like the prismatic glass,Its gaudy colors spreads on every place;The face of Nature we no more survey,All glares alike, without distinction gay."Questions:1) Identify the author and the passage;2) Name the devices used in the passage with examples;3) Explain "Words….found".4) What is the mainly implied idea of the passage?参考答案：1) The passage is from Pope’s "An Essay on Criticism". (P94)2) In the passage the author used "Simile" the device,e.g. "Words are like leaves" and "false eloquence,like the prismatic glass’ etc.3) The sentence means: Where/When too many words are used,they seldom express much sense.4) The passage implies authors shouldn’t stress too muchthe artificial use of Conceit or the external beauty of language,they should pay special attention to True Wit, which is best set in the plain style. (just as too many leaves will cover the fruits,too gaudy/ showy glass will hide the face the Nature,too false and eloquent language will hide the Wit in the articles.)2. "Let not Ambition mock their useful toil,Their homely joys, and destiny obscure;Nor Grandeur hear with a disdainful smileThe short and simple annals of the poor.The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power,。

英国文学Exercise3

英国文学Exercise3Exercise 3I.Fill in the following blanks.1.I n 1642, the civil war broke out in England. The royalists were defeated by the parliament army led by _____. In 1649, _____ was beheaded and England was declared to be a commonwealth.2.T he Revolution Period is also called _____, because the English Revolution was carried out under a religious cloak.3.T he _____Revolution in 1688 was so called because it was bloodless and there was no revival of the revolutionary demands.4.I n Revolution Period _John Milton____ towers over his age as William Shakespeare towers over the Elizabethan Age and as Chaucer towers over the Medieval period.5.I n Milton’s works, “_Paradise Lost_____”i s the greatest, indeed the only generally acknowledged epic in English literature since “Beowulf”.6.T he finest thing in “Paradise Lost” is thedescription of hell, and _Satan ____ is the real hero of the poem.7.J ohn Bunyan’s masterpiece “_The Pilgrim’s Progress____”is a religious allegory, a narrative in which general concepts such as sins, despair, and faith are represented as people or as aspects of the natural world.8.A bout the beginning of the 17th century appeared a school of poets called _____, among whom John Donne was the leading one.9._John Dryden ___ wrote many works on literary criticism, and has been regarded as the earliest literary critic of real important in the history of English literature.10.The main literary achievements of the 17th century lies in the poetry of _____, in the prose writing of _____, and in the plays and literary criticism of _____.II.Choose one or more answers for thefollowing.1.T he revolution of 1688 meant three of the following things EXCEPT _____.A. the supremacy of ParliamentB. the beginning of modern EnglandC. the establishment of a constitutional monarchy in the countryD. the Restoration of monarchy2.J ohn Milton was _____.A. one of the giants of English literature in the 17th centuryB. blind in his later lifeC. a distinguished Revolutionary writerD. the greatest poet and pamphleteer in his age3.“Paradise Lost” is _____.A. a great epic of 12 booksB. based on Bible storyC. written in blank verseD. about the heroic revolt of Satan against God’s authority4.W hich work was not written by John Milton?A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. V olphone5.A mong the poets of the seventeenth century, Milton was the greatest. Besides him, there were two groups of poets. They were _____.A. the lake poetsB. the university witsC. the Metaphysical poetsD. the Cavalier poets.III.Decide whether the following statements are true or false1.E nglish literature of the 17th century witnesses a flourish on the whole.2.T he Revolution period produced one of the most important poets in English literature, William Shakespeare.3.T he main literary form in literature of Revolution Period is drama.4.“The Pilgrim’s Progress” is one of the mostpopular pieces of Christian writing produced during the 17th century.5.J ohn Dryden is the most excellent representative of English classicism in the Restoration period.IV.Answer the following questions1.W hat are the different aspects between the literature of Elizabethan period and the literature of the Revolution period?2.W hat is the story of “Paradise Lost”?3.M ake a comment on the image of Satan in “Paradise Lost”.4.D iscuss the theme and characterization of “Paradise Lost”.5.W hat are the features of Milton’s poetry?。

British literature exercises

British literatureThe period of Old English literature extends from about 450 to 1066, the year o f the Norman Conquest of England. Norman Conquest greatly changed English, the language, and England entered the feudal period. The most prevailing kind of li terature in feudal England was the romance. It was a long composition, sometime s in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble h ero. The central character of romances was the knight, a man of noble birth ski lled in the use of weapons. The theme of loyalty to king and lord was repeatedl y emphasized in romances, as loyalty was the cornerstone of feudal morality, wi thout which the whole structure of feudalism would collapse. Among all these ki nds of romances, Beowulf was the most famous one. It is a folk legend brought t o England by Anglo-Saxons from their continental homes. Besides Beowulf, Piers the Plowman is another famous poem. The poem sets forth a series of wonderful d reams, through which we can see a picture of feudal England. The author of Pier s the Plowman, William Langland, is a more realistic writer who dealt with the religious and social issues of his day. However, it is Chaucer who, for the fir st time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive realistic pictur e of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid chara cters from all walks of his life in his masterpiece The Canterbury Tales. Chauc er is the greatest writer of this period.The Renaissance marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world. Gener ally, it refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It first started in Italy, with the flowering of painting, sculpture and literature. Fr om Italy the movement spread through the rest of Europe. The Renaissance, which means rebirth or revival, is actually a movement stimulated by a series of his torical events, such as the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture, the new discoveries in geography and astrology, the religious reformation and theeconomic expansion. The Renaissance, therefore, in essence, is a historical per iod in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get r id of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the purity o f the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.The English Renaissance was perhaps England’s Golden Age, especially in litera ture. Among the literary giants were Shakespeare, Spenser, Jonson, Sidney, Marl owe, Bacon and Donne. The English Renaissance had no sharp break with the past. Attitudes and feelings which had been characteristic of the 14th and 15th cent uries persisted well down into the era of Humanism and Reformation. Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. Human values are greatly emphasized in this pe riod. Thomas More was one of the greatest humanists. His masterpiece is Utopia. It is divided into two books. The first book contains a long discussion on the social conditions of England. In the second book, an ideal communist society i s described in detail.From the first half of the 16th century, the English Renaissance began to devel op into a flowering of literature and then England became “a nest of singing b irds.” Transition occupied an important place in the English Renaissance. Anot her kind of literature prevailing at the time was the large amount of books des cribing discoveries and adventures. However, the vigor of the age found better expression in the sphere of poetry and plays. Thousands of exquisite poems and songs were written by known and unknown poets. The sonnet, an exact form of poe try in 14 lines of iambic pentameter intricately rhymed, was introduced to Engl and from Italy. Sir Philip Sydney is a well-known poet. However, Edmund Spenser was the “poet’s poet” of this period. His masterpiece is The Faerie Queene. The Faerie Queene is written in a special verse form that consists of eight iam bic pentameter lines followed by a ninth line of six iambic feet, with the rhyme scheme ababbcbcc. This for has since been called the Spanserian Stanza. Anoth er famous poet is John Milton, whose masterpiece is Paradise Lost.The highest glory of the English Renaissance was unquestionably its drama. It c ould be dated back to the Middle Ages. Interludes and morality plays thriving i n the medieval period continued to be popular down to Shakespeare’s time. But the development of the drama into a sophisticated art form required another inf luence – the Greek and Roman classics. The most famous dramatists in the Renai ssance England are Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, and Ben Jonson. An d with humors of the moment, abstractions of philosophical speculation, and int ense vitality, this extraordinary drama, with Shakespeare as the master, left a monument of the Renaissance unrivaled for pure creative power by any other pro duct of that epoch.Francis Bacon, the first important English essayist, is best known for his essa ys which greatly influenced the development of this literary form. He was also the founder of modern science in England. His writing paved the way for the use of scientific method. Thus, he is undoubtedly one of the representatives of th e English Renaissance.Neoclassical period in English literature refers to the years between the retur n of the Stuarts to the English throne in 1660 and the full development of Roma nticism. The English society of the neoclassical period was an age full of conf licts and divergence of values, and the eighteenth century also saw the fast de velopment of England as a nation. In Europe, the 18th century marked the beginn ing of an intellectual movement, known as the Enlightenment, which was, on the whole, an expression of struggle to the bourgeoisie against feudalism. The purp ose of the movement was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modern p hilosophical and artistic ideas. So the eighteenth-century England is also know n as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason.In field of literature, the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of i nterest in the old classical works. This tendency is known as neoclassicism. Th e representatives of the Enlightenment in English literature were Joseph Addiso n and Richard Steele, the essayists, and Alexander Pope, the poet. In their wor ks, these writers criticized different aspects of contemporary England, discuss ed social problems, and even touched upon morality and private life. So the lit erature of Enlightenment in England mainly appealed to the middle class readers. Mock epic, romance, satire and epigram were popular forms adopted by poets of the time. Besides the elegant poetic structure and diction, the neoclassical po etry was also noted for its seriousness and earnestness in tone and contrast di dacticism.Neoclassicists had some fixed laws and rules for almost every genre of literatu re. Prose should be precise, direct, smooth and flexible. Poetry should be lyri cal, epical, didactic, satiric or dramatic, and each class should be guided by its own principles. Drama should be written in the heroic couplets (iambic pent ameter rhymed in two lines); the three unities of time, space and action should be strictly observed; regularity in construction should be adhered to, and typ e characters rather than individuals should be represented.The mid-century was, however, predominated by a newly rising literary form – t he modern English novel, which, contrary to the traditional romance of aristocr ats, gives a realistic presentation of life of the common English people. This – the most significant phenomenon in the history of the development of English literature in the eighteenth century – is a natural product of the Industrial Revolution and a symbol of the growing importance and strength of the English middle class. Among the pioneers were Danial Defoe, Samuel Richardson, Henry Fi elding, Laurence Sterne, Tobias George Smollett, and Oliver Goldsmith.The English drama of the 18th century does not reach the same high level as its novel. One of the main reasons is that the Licensing Act of 1737 which drove fielding out of the theatre restricted the freedom of expression by dramatists. But the English drama also experienced a brief flowering in the second half of the 18th century for the comedies of Sheridan and Goldsmith.。

全部美国美国文学部分练习（全）

全部美国美国文学部分练习（全）美国文学部分大作业Exercises for Chapter One of American Literature(第一章)1. 选择题1. Which of the following statements is NOT a famous concept of Transcendentalism?[A]Nature is ennobling[B] The individual is divine and self-reliant.[C] Man is capable of knowing truth by intuition[D] Man is corrupted in nature.2. Which of the following works began to make Irving internationally known?[A] The Sketch Book[B] A History of New York to the End of the Dutch Dynasty[C] Bracebridge Hall[D] Tales of Traveler3. Which of the following is NOT true concerning Irving?[A] He is the father of the American short stories.[B] He is the American Goldsmith.[C] He is the first American writer[D] He is the first writer to declare the independence of American literature.4. The Scarlet Letter by Hawthorne is mainly concerned with ___________.:[A] the corruption of the society[B] the consequence of sin and guilt[C] the wrong doing of one generation that lives in,, successive ones[D] "overreaching intellect"5. Rip Van Winkle has taken from ________.[A] Spanish stories [B] A German Legend[C] English tales [D] Italian folktales6. "But it would have been worth any statesman's money to have heard the profound discussions that sometimes took place, when by chance an old newspaper fell into their hands, from some passing traveler. " What is the rhetorical device used in this sentence?[A] Hyperbole. [B] Metaphor. [C] Irony. [D] Paradox.7. Which of the following statements about Emerson is NOT true?[A] He was generally known as an essayist.[B] He was the chief spokesman of Transcendentalism.[C] He practiced the theory by living a simple life.[D] For him, nature is symbolic.8. For Emerson, nature could symbolize the following except ________.[A] God [B] Spirit [C] Oversoul [D] the whole universe9. What is Hawthorne's attitude toward Puritanism?[Al Negative. [B] Affirmative. [C] Indifferent. [D] Mixed.10. One typical feature of Irving's writing is _________.[A] always preaching [B] his best classic style[C] short and difficult to [D] symbolic11. " I celebrate myself, and sing myself,And what I assume you shall assume,For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you. "Who could have written these lines?[A] Edgar Allen Poe. [B] Walt Whitman.[C] Ralph Waldo Emerson. [D] Henry David Thoreau.12. Which of the following is NOT true withTranscendentalism?[A] It inherited much from American Puritanism and European realism.[B] It focused on the intuitive knowledge.[C] Nature is its unofficial manifesto.[D] It is related in some way with the German idealism.13. What kind of narrative point of view is adopted in Moby Dick?[A] The first person.[B] The second person.[C] The third person limited.[D] The third person omniscient.14. Which of the following has influenced Melville's: EXCEPT ________.[A] Shakespearean tragic vision [B] Emersonian Transcendentalism [C] Hawthorne's black vision of life [D] Irving's writing15. Which of the following writers is NOT optimistic about human nature?[A] Ralph Waldo Emerson. [B] Nathaniel Hawthorne[C] Walt Whitman. [D] Henry David Thoreau16. Which of the following cannot poetry?[A] Elegant and gentle. [B] Simple and open.[C] Unconventional. [D] Colloquial.17. When Emerson states in the introduction to his Nature:"Our age is retrospective. " Which of the following is closest to its understanding?[A] We are conservative.[B] We see this world through our ancestors' eyes.[C] We usually look back upon the good old days.[D] We write a lot of books about the past.18. Which of the following novels does not represent the theme return to nature?[A] Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.[B] Thoreau's Walden .[C] Cooper's Leather-Stocking Tales.[D] Melville's Moby Dick .19. Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of the American Romantic writings?[A] Expression of the artist's imaginations, emotions, impressions, or beliefs.[B] Emphasis on rules of order, reason, logic, restrained emotion, good taste and decorum.[C] Love for the remote, supernatural, mysterious, exotic and illogical quality of things.[D] T o see nature as a source of mental cleanness and spiritual understanding.20. The statement that a man's journey to the dark forest and his encounter with the devil are symbolic of man's life journey from innocence to knowledge, from good to evil may well sum up one of the major themes of ________.[A] Irving's "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow"[B] Edgar Allen Poe's "The Fall of the House of Usher"[C] Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown"[D] O. Henry's "The Cop and the Anthem"21. Here is a short passage from a story: "He recognized on the sign, however, the ruby face of King George, under which he had smoked so many a peaceful pipe, …and underneath was painted in large characters, GENERAL WASHINGTON. " The story must be ________.[A] Cooper's "Leather-stocking Tales"[B] Hawthorne's "Young Goodman Brown"[C] Irving's "Rip Van Winkle"[D] Hemingway's "Indian Camp"22. "The universe is composed of Nature and the soul . . present everywhere. " This is the voice of the book _______ which pushed American Romanticism into a new phase of New England Transcendentalism.[A] Walden by Thoreau [B] The Scarlet Lette r by Hawthorne[C] Moby Dick by Melville [D] Nature by Emerson23. In Whitman's giant work, Leaves of Grass, and, above all, ________.are all that concerned him.[A] individualism [B] divine love[C] sympathy [D] the power of blackness24. Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Hawthorn "Young Goodman Brown"?[A] Allegory. [B] Ambiguity.[C] Interior monologue. [D] Symbolism.25. In Irving's "Rip Van Winkle" all the drastic changes lapsed20 years displeased Rip EXCEPT that ________.[A] he has got his neck out of the yoke of matrimony[B] the country has finally got its independence from the yoke of the British colonial rule[C] there comes now the scramble for powers between parties.[D] past glories and a tranquil life of the small village are gone.B. 阅读理解题(Reading comprehension)1. "In like manner, nature is already, in its forms and describing its own design. Let us interrogate apparition, thatshines so peacefully around us. Let to what end is nature?"Questions :A. Identify the work and the author.B. What is "the great apparition"?C. What is the writing style?2.... Had Goodman Brown fallen asleep in the forest, and only dreamed a wild dream of witch-meeting?Be it so, if you will. But, alas! It was a dream of evil omen for young Goodman Brown. A stern, a sad, a darkly meditative, a distrustful, if not a desperate man, did he become; from the night of that fearful dream. "Questions:A. Identity the work and the author.B. What is the general idea of this passage?C. Did the author tell for sure whether it was only a dream or not?3. "I loafe and invite my soul,I learn and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass. "Questions:A. Identify the poem and the poet.B. What is the meaning of the phrase "a spear of summer grass" ?C. What is the implied meaning of the two lines?4. "Now small fowls flew screaming over the yet yawning gulf;a sullen white surf beat against its steep sides; then all collapsed, and the great shroud of the sea rolled on as it rolled 5, 000 years ago.Questions:A. Identify the work and the author.B. What is the basic tone of this passage?C. What is the meaning of the underlined part?5. "God knows, ... I'm not myself-I'm somebody else-. . . I'm changed, and I can't tell what's my name, or who I am.Questions:A. Identify the work and the author.B. The speaker says he is changed. Do you think changed, or the social environment changed?C. What idea does the quoted sentence express?6. "Standing on the bare ground, -my head bathed by the blitl air and uplifted into infinite space, -all mean egotism vanishI become a transparent eyeball. I am nothing. I see all. Tl currents of the Universal Being circulate through me; I am pa or particle of God. "Questions:A. Identify the work and the author.B. What does the word "blithe" mean here?C. What idea does the quoted passage express?C. 回答题(Questions and answers)1. Nature is a philosophic work, in which Emerson gives an explicit discussion on his idea of the Oversoul. What is your understanding of Emersonian " Oversoul " and its relationship with "a transparent eyeball"?2. One of the most distinctive features of Hawthorne's writing is his art of ambiguity. Exemplify it with his story, "Young Goodman Brown".3. Like Hawthorne, Melville is fond of symbolism in his writings. The white whale, Moby-Dick, is the most important symbol in the novel. What symbolic meaning does Moby Dick stand for?4. Whitman is one of the most important figures in American poetic history. He has carried on a sort of experiment on the form of poetry by choosing free verse as his medium of expression. What are the characteristics of Whitman's free verse?5. Literary critics have seen Rip Van Winkle as a symbol of several aspects of America. What are the aspects that the story and its hero symbolize?D. 论述题(Topic discussion)1 . Melville's Moby Dick is more than a great whale story that reflects the American whale industry in 19th century; it is capable of multiple interpretations. Discuss the themes you can find in the fiction.2. In his whole life, Hawthorne is preoccupied with sin and evil in man; and in almost every novel he wrote, Hawthorne discussed sin and evil. Then what makes Hawthorne obsessed with all this sin and evil?Exercises for Chapter One of American Literature(第二章)A．多项选择(Multiple choice questions)1: Who is generally considered to be the one “with but a deformed conscience" in Mark Twain's works ？[A] Tom Sawyer.[B] Huckleberry Finn.[C] Hank Morgan. [D] Widow Douglas2. Which of the following is Twain's language?[A] Vernacular. [B] Colloquial.[C] Elegant. [D] Humorous.3. Which of the following writers is famous for his "international theme"?[A] Henry James. [B] William James.[C] Mark Twain. [D] Theodore Dreise4. Winterbourne is used as a narrator of the events in HenryJames __________.[A ] Daisy Miller[B] The American[C] The Turn of the Screw[D] The Wing of the Dove5.Which of the following statements about Emily Dickinson is true?[A] Since she scarcely goes out of her house, she pays little attention to the outsideworld.[B] She prefers to explore the inner life of herself rather that the social one.[C] She is strongly influenced by Calvinism and has a firm: belief in after-life.[D] She is not interested in love because she herself never gets married.6. Which of the following does NOT belong to Theodore Dreiser's Trilogy of Desire? "[A] The Financier'.[B] The American[C] The Titan. [D] The Stoic.7. Which' of the following is a correct match between the writer? and his work? , .[A] Mark Twain: The Financier[B] Theodore Dreiser: Daisy Miller[C] Henry James; The Turn of the Screw[D] Emily Dickinson: The Wing of the Dove8. " Her Message is committed/To hands I can not see---" The above two lines are taken from________.[A] Whitman's: "Song of Myself"[B] Dickinson's "This is my letter to the World"[C] Pound's: "A Pact"[D] Frost's: "The Road Not Taken"9. Theodore Dreiser gives his novel the title of "An American Tragedy" mostlybecause__________.[A] he tries to give an ironical meaning to the story.[B] he attempts-,to reproduce an authentic trial fictionally[C] it is the typical thing that can happen to an American in the pursuit of riches[D] he is surprised that such tragedy should happen in America.10.Isabel, the heroine in The Portrait of a Lady, returns to her unhappy home in Rome at the end of the novel because__________.[A] she is still naive and immature[B] she wants to be responsible to her husband[C] she- wants to be responsible to her own choice[D] she has nowhere else to go11.. Which of the following statements is NOT true?[A] Mark Twain became doubtful about the' idea of develop?ment and skeptical of the goodness of human nature in his later years.[B] Henry James; who never: criticizes his fellowmen, is the spokesman for the wealthy and leisured class in America.[C] From Emily Dickinson's poetry, one can hardly find any traces of political movement in the society of her time.[D] To Theodore Dreiser, communism is a likely means improving the social organizationof man. , :12. During the period after the Civil War, the American society entered in what Mark Twain, referred to as __________.[A] the Golden Age [B] the Puritan Age[C] the Gilded Age [D] the Modern Age13. Local colorism is a unique variation, of American literary realism, the representatives of which does NOT include __________.[A] Sarah Orne Jewett [B] Bret Harte[C] Hamlin Garland [D] Stephen Crane ,14. "I was letting on to give up sin, but away. inside of me; I was holding on to the biggest oneof all. " The sentence, which taken from The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, is written: in a(n) __________ tone.[A] ironic, [B] regretful[C] sincere [D] delightful15. Henry James' idea of realism differs from that of the realist writers because his emphasisis on man's__________.[A] language [B] inner world[C] surroundings [D] real actions16. As a naturalist writer, Theodore Dreiser was greatly influenced by __________.[A] Mark Twain [B] Charles Darwin[C] Henry James [DI Ralph Wa1do Emerson17. However, innocence, the keynote of Daisy Miller's character, turns out to be an admiringbut a dangerous quality and her __________ of social taboos in the Old World finally brings her to a disaster in the clash between two different cultures.[A] admiration [B] sympathy,[C] disgusting [D] defiance18. Which of the following statements about Emily Dickinson's verse is true?[A] It exposes the evils of the society.[B] It paves the way for the following generation of free verse poets; .[C] It shares the same poetic conventions with Walt Whitman.[D] It exhibits a sensitiveness to the symbolic implications of her experience oflove, death, and immortality.19. Compared with the writings of Mark Twain's, Henry James's fiction is noted for their__________.[A] frontier vernacular [B] rich colloquialism[C] refined elegant language [D] vulgarly descriptive words20. By the end of Sister Carrie, Dreiser writes; "It was forever to be the pursuit of thatradiance of delight which tints the distant hilltops of the world. " Dreiser implies that__________.[A] there is a bright future lying ahead[B] one can never fulfill one's desire[C] one should 'always :have forward looking[D] happiness is found in the end21. Emily Dickinson wrote many short' poems .an various' aspects of life. Which of thefollowing is NOT a usual subject of her poetic expression? .[A] Religion and immortality [B] Life and death.[C] War and peace. [D] Nature and society22. In Daisy Miller, James chose the Castle of Chillon as the setting of the story clearlybecause of its status-as a shrine to ___________, consecrated by Byron in his association with Daisy whose American habits of free social intercourse runs up the elaborately regulated code of manners in Europe.[A] integrity [B] freedom[C] constancy . [D] autocracy23. The sentence "only the fittest can survive in a completive amoral society" may beregarded as an appropriate summary of _________.[A] Jack London's Martin Eden [B] `Hemingway's For Whom. the bell Tolls[C] Drsiser's Sister Carrie[D] M elv ille’s Moby Dick24. Here is a passage from, a novel: "The man gave him a last push and closed the door. As hedid so, Hurstwood slipped and fell in the snow: It hurt him, and some vague sense of shame returned. He began to cry and swear -foolishly. " The novel must be_________.[A] Dreiser's Sister Carrie[B] Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath[C] London's Martin Eden[D] Twain’s The Adventures of T om Sawyer25. Here are a few lines from a poem: " With Blue-uncertain stumbling Buzz─/Betweenthe light ─and me─/And the Windows failed─and then/I could not see .to see─." The poem must be _______.[A] Emily Dickenson's “I Heard a Fly buzz-when I died─"[B] Edgar Allen Poe's "Annabel Lee"[C] Walt Whitman's "Song of Myself" .[D] Robert Frost's. "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening"B.阅读理解题(Reading comprehension)1. “I studied a minute, sort of holding my breath, and then says to myself: `All right, then;:I'll go, to hell' -,─and tore it up."Questions:A. Identify the novel and the writer.B. Why do "I" decide to go to hell?C. How do you understand this decision of going to hell?2. "Tell All the Truth, but Tell it Slant. "Questions:A. Identify the poet.B. What special feature can you draw from the form-of this line?C. What idea does this statement convey?3. "And neigh like boanerges─Then─prompter than a StarStop─docile and omnipotentAt its own stable door, ─(Emily Dickinson: “I like to see it lag the:Miles”)Questions:A. What is being described *in, this, poem?B. What rhetoric devices are used in this stanza?C. What is the poet's attitude toward this object being described?4. "In your rocking-chair, by your window dreaming, shall you long, alone. In yourrocking-chair, by your, window, shall y dream such hap piness as you may never feel.”(Theodore Dreiser: Sister Carrie)Questions:A. Who does "you" in the quotation refer to?B. What mood; do you think, was the narrator in, judging from this quotation?C. What idea can you draw from the "rocking-chair"?5 . "'Terrible-! ' said, that little lady, joi ning her, “ I hope itsnows enough to go sleigh riding.“ “ Oh, dear,”said Carrie, with whom the sufferings of Father Goriot were still keen.“That's all you think of.Aren't you sorry for the people who haven’t anything tonight?"”(Theodore Dreiser: Sister Carrie ) Questions:A. What does snow mean to the little lady?B. What kind of mood, do you think, was Carrie in, judo from the above dialogue?C. What idea does the quoted passage express?C. 回答题(Questions and answers)1. "Poor Winterbourne was amused, perplexed-above all he'a charmed. He has never yetheard a young girl express herself just this fashion; ... Certainly she was very charming, but how extraordinarily communicative and how tremendously easy(Daisy Miller by Henry James)Question: What kind of narrative point of view is employed 114 What does this quotation reveal of the character of the young (Daisy Miller)?2. "Since then─'tis Centuries─:.and yet Feels shorter than the DayI first surmised the Horses 's Heads Were toward Eternity─"("Because I could not stop for Death-" by Emily Dickinson.Question: What kind of meaning, can you get from the first two lines in the above quotation?What is Dickinson's understanding of death?3. Mark Twain and Henry James are both; considered to be great realistic writers. What are thedifferences ,between ;them in the aspects of theme andlanguage?4; What literary group does Theodore Dreiser belong t?? What are the characteristics of this group? Name two more American representatives that belong to this group.5. "The only thing I don't like, she proceeded, is, the. society. "(Daisy Miller by Henry James)Question: What kind of society does Daisy not like? Why?D论述题(Topic discussions)1. Mark Twain's Adventures of Huckleberry Finn:. can be interpreted in many, ways and, has-won its :lasting, place in the American canon. Discuss the image ?f Huck Finn,and the social significance bf this character.2. Henry James is regarded as an -international messenger who bridges the New-America withthe Old Europe: His characters are inevitably encountered with cultural conflicts. Take -Daisy Miller as an example to analyze the two characters; Daisy Miller and Winterbourne and the cultural conflicts they undergo.综合美国文学第三章综合练习(Exercises)A. 多项选择(Multiple choice questions)1. “The woods are lovely, dark and deep, But I have promises to keep,And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep. ”The above four lines are taken from_______.[A] Frost's "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening"[B] Dickinson's "I heard a Fly buzz-when I died-"[C] Frost's "After Apple-Picking"[D] Dickinson's “Because I could not stop for Death”2. In writing the poem “The River-Merchant's Wife: A Letter”Pound took its material from the ancient _______ poetry:[A] French [B] Italian[C] Chinese [D] Japanese3. In "After Apple-Picking", Robert Frost wrote: "For I have too much/Ofapple-picking: I am overtired/Of the great harvest I myself desired. " From these lines we can conclude that the speaker is ________.[A] happy about the harvest[B] wearing out the freshness of apple-picking[C] still desired of apple-picking when seeing the harvest[D] indifferent of what once desired4. In The Emperor Jones and The Hairy Ape, O'Neill adopted ______ to portraythe helpless situation of human beings in a hostile universe.[A] expressionist techniques [B] surrealistic approach[C] romantic approach [D] dramatic monologues5. In " petals on a wet, black bough", the f igure of speech used here is______.[A] metaphor [B] hyperbole[C] pun [D] simile6. "My little horse must think it queer/To stop without a farm house near."The above two lines are taken from Frost’s "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening", a beautifully structured poem which follows______.[A] iambic tetrameter [B] iambic pentameter[C] trochaic tetrameter [D] trochaic pentameter7. Here are four lines from a short poem: "I feel the laddersway as the boughsbend. /And I keep hearing from the cellar bin/The rumbling sound/Of load on load of apples coming in. " The poem must be______.[A] Frost's "After Apple-Picking"[B] Dickenson's "Because I could not stop for Death"[C] Eliot's "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock"[D] Whitman's "There Was a Child Went Forth"8. Eugine O'Neill's play, The Hairy Ape, is often said to be concernedwith______.[A] the wretched situation of working people[B] the problem of modern man's identity[C] the conflict between illusion and reality[D] the inevitability of man's final salvation9. Which of the following statements is NOT a typical feature of Frost's poetry?[A] It is usually presented in the dramatic monologue.[B] It is rich in images, metaphors and symbols.[C] Nature is one of the most impor tant thematic concerns in his poetry.[D] Most of his poems are written in the form of free verse.10.Which of the following plays is regarded as a semi-autobiographic play byO'Neill?[A] Beyond the Horizon. [B] he Emperor Jones.[C] Long Day's Journey Into Night. [D] The Iceman Cometh.11.Nick Carraway is both a character and a narrator in the novel: entitled[A] This Side of Paradise [B] The Sun Also Rises[C] Tender is the Night [D] The Great Gatsby12，Who is the person that used the term "The Lost Generation" fc - the first time.to refer to writers like Hemingway?[A] Gertrude Stein [B] T. S. Eliot[C] Sherwood Anderson [D] Ezra Pound13. “Grace under pressure” is a major feature of______'s novels.[A] William Faulkner[B] Henry James[C]Theodore Dreiser[D] Ernest Hemingway14.Hemingway won his Nobel Prize for the book entitled______.[A] The Sun Also Rises[B] The Old Man and the Sea[C] A Fare-veil to arms[D] For Whom the Bell Tolls16. William Faulkner was worldly famous not only for his ingenuous mastery ofthe streams of consciousness technique, but also for imaginative creation of a mythic kingdom called______.[A] The Mississippi River[B] Yoknapatawpha County[C] Oxford County[D] The Town of Jeffeson17. Which of the following works by Faulkner involves Shakespearean allusion inits title?[A] The Sound and the Fury. [B] Light in August.[C] Absalom , Absalom [D] Go Down, Moses.18. "A week later the mayor wrote her himself, offering to call or to send his carfor her, and received in reply a note on paper of an archaic shape, in a thin, flowingcalligraphy in faded ink, to the effect that she no longer went out at all. The tax noticewas also enclosed, without comment. " The above two sentences must be taken from______.[A] Irving's story "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow"[B] Faulkner's story "A Rose for Emily"[C] Hemingway's story "Indian Camp"[D] James's story "Daisy Miller"19. The statement that a poor young man from the West trying make his fortune inthe East but disillusioned in the quest of idealized dream may well sum up the theme of______. .[A] The Hairy Ape[B] For Whom the Bell Tolls[C] The Great Gatsby [D] Go Down , Moses20. "In a Station of the Metro"is a typical imagist poem that fully displaysPound's definition of image, which is______..[A] to present an intellectual and emotional instant of time[B] to reveal a poet's instantaneous experience of life[C] to bring out a natural outburst of the poet's emotions 689[D] to retell a poet's past moment of experience21. That profound ideas are delivered under the disguise of the plain language andthe simple form may be a very appropriate statement to describe ______'s poetry.[A] T.S. Eliot [B] Ezra Pound[C] Robert Frost [DI Emily Dickenson22. "Later when he started to operate Uncle George and three Indian men held thewoman still. She bit Uncle George on the arm and Uncle George said, 'Damn squaw bitch! ' and the young Indian who had rowed Uncle George over laughed at him.” The above two sentences must be taken from______.[A] Irving's story "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow"[B] Faulkner's story "A Rose for Emily"[C] James's story "Daisy Miller"[D] Hemingway's story "Indian Camp"23. Which of the following statements i s NOT a typical feature imagism?[A] To use the language of common speech, but to employ always the exact word.[B] T o create new rhythms, as the expressions of a new mood[C] To recommend heroic couplet as a preferable verse form.[D] To allow absolute freedom in the choice of subject.24. When we say that a boy's night journey to an Indian village witness theviolence of both birth and death provides all i possibilities of a learning experience, we are probably discussi about______'s thematic concern i n his fiction writing.[A] William Faulkner [B] Ernest Hemingway[C] Mark Twain [D] Henry James25. Emily Grierson, the protagonist in Faulkner's story "A Rose 2~ Emily", can beregarded as a symbol standing for all the following qualities EXCEPT______.。

ExerciseofBritishliterature

ExerciseofBritishliteratureExercise of British literatureANGLO- SAXON & MEDIEV AL LITERATURE1.Who is considered as the father of modern English poetry?A. William LanglandB. Philip SidneyC. Edmund SpenserD. Geoffrey Chaucer2. ___________ refers to a long narrative poem that records the adventures of a hero in a nation's history.A. BalladB. RomanceC. EpicD. Elegy3. The Canterbury T ales, a collection of stories told by a group of pilgrims on their way to Canter bury, is an important poetic work by __________________.A. William Langland.B. Geoffrey Chaucer.C. William Shakespeare.D. Alfred Tennyson.4. Beowulf narrates a story taking place in ______________.A. the MediterraneanB. Northern EuropeC. EnglandD. Scandinavia5. The period of Old English literature refers to_____________.A. 449-1066B. 14th century-mid 17th centuryC. 14th century-mid 18th centuryD. 16th century-mid 18th century6. Who is the father of English poetry?A. ShakespeareB. Edmund SpenserC. John MiltonD. Geoffrey Chaucer7. ___________is a popular literary form in the medieval period.A. RomanceB. novelC. SonnetD. Drama8. Language spoken by the Anglo-Saxons is called the ______________, which is the foundation of English language and literature.A. Modern EnglishB. Old EnglishC. Ancient EnglishD. Medieval EnglishENGLISH RENAISSANCE1. The Spenserian Stanza refers to _______________.A. a free styleB. a nine-line verse stanzaC. a free verse stanzaD. nine-line poems2. All the following four except______________ are the most eminent dramatists in the Renaissance England.A. Francis BaconB. Christopher MarloweC. William ShakespeareD. Ben Jonson3. ____________ is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen lines.A. Free verseB. SonnetC. OdeD. Epigram4. Francis Bacon is best known for his______________ which greatly influenced by the development of this literary form.A. essaysB. poemsC. worksD. plays5. Which of the following plays is NOT among William Shakespeare’s four great tragedies?A. HamletB. Twelfth NightC. OthelloD. King Lear6. _____________ is NOT one of Shakespeare’s romantic love comedies.A. Twelfth NightB. As You Like ItC. The Merchant of VeniceD. The Tempest7. How many lines does a sonnet have?A. 9B. 10C. 14D. 188. ______________ is the first important English essayist and the founder of modern science in England.A. Philip SydneyB. Francis BaconC. Edmund SpenserD. William Carxton9. ___________ flourished in Elizabethan age more than any other forms of literature.A. NovelB. PoetryC. EssayD. Drama10. William Shakespeare is one of the giants of _______________.A. AestheticismB. the RenaissanceC. RealismD. Romanticism11. It is _________who first made blank verse the principle instrument of English drama.A. MarloweB. ShakespeareC. SpenserD. Henry Howard12. “To be, or not to be ”is quoted from _____________.A. King LearB. HamletC. Julius CaesarD. Romeo and Juliet13. Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between __________ centuries.A. 14th century-mid 17thB. 14th century-mid 18thC.16th century-mid 18thD.16th century-mid 17th14. ____________ is known as “the poet’s poet”.A. ShakespeareB. MarloweC. SpenserD. Donne15. Shylock is a character in ______________.A. The Merchant of VeniceB. The Twelfth NightC. The Winter’s T aleD. Macbeth16. Utopia is ___________work.A. Thomas More’sB. Francis Bacon’sC. John Dryden’sD. George He rbert’s17. Among Shakespeare’s tragedies, ___________ is the most complex in plot and most painful.A. King LearB. HamletC. Romeo and JulietD. Othello18. _________created the style of Euphuism?A. Sir Philip SidneyB. John LilyC. Henry HowardD. Thomas Wyatt19. The Renaissance was a European phenomenon, which originated in ____________.A. FranceB. BritainC. ItalyD. Spain20. ___________called himself “the trumpeter of a new age”. He was England’s first essayist.A. Richard SteeleB. Joseph AddisonC. Francis BaconD. Alexander Pope。

Exercises for the Victorian literature

Exercises for the Victorian Literature (19th century English Critical Realism)I. Choose the right answer.1. ____ is the greatest representative of English critical realism.A. Jane AustenB. ThackerayC. DickensD. Charlotte2. Pride and Pr ejudice’s first title is ____.A. First ImpressionB. A Book Without a HeroC. The NewcomesD. Persuasion3. In the 19th century English literature, a new literary trend ____ appeared. And it flourished in the forties and in the early fifties.A. romanticismB. naturalismC. realismD. critical realism4. English critical realism found its expression chiefly in the form of ____ .A. novelB. dramaC. poetryD. sonnet5. ______’s V anity Fair is a satirical port rayal of the upper strata(阶层) of society.A. George EliotB. Elizabeth GaskellC. W. M. ThackerayD. John Buyan6. The ____ Movement appeared in the thirties of the 19th century.A. EnlightenmentB. RenaissanceC. ChartistD. Romanticist7. The Chartist writers introduced a new theme into literature, the struggle of the _____ for its rights.A. soldiersB. peasantsC. bourgeoisieD. proletariat8. The story of ______ deals with the adventures of a retired old merchant.A. A Tale of Two CitiesB. David CopperfieldC. Pickwick PapersD. Oliver Twist9. Which novel makes a fierce attack on the bourgeois system of education?A. Oliver TwistB. Hard TimesC. Great ExpectationsD. A Tale of Two Cities10. Which novel is a great satire upon the society and those people who dream to enter the higher society regardless of the social reality?A. A Tale of Two CitiesB. David CopperfieldC. Great ExpectationsD. Dombey and Son11. In the novel ___ , Defarge and Madame Defarge represent the revolutionaries.A. Dombey and SonB. A Tale of Two CitiesC. Little DorritD. Bleak House12. _____ is often regarded as the semi-autobiography of the author Dickens in which the early life of the hero is largel y based on the author’s early life.A. The Curiosity ShopB. David CopperfieldC. Oliver TwistD. Great Expectations13. In 1864, Dickens published his last complete novel _______.A. The Old Curiosity ShopB. The Pickwick PaperC. Our Mutual FriendD. Little Dorrit14. Which of the following is Thackeray’s masterpiece?A. The V irginiansB. The Books of SnobsC. The NewcomesD. V anity Fair15. The title of the novel V anity Fair was taken from Bunyan’s masterpiece _____.A. The Pilgrim’s Pr ogressB. Child Harold’s PilgrimageC. Gulliver’s TravelsD. The Canterbury Tales16. Emily Bronte wrote only one novel entitled ______.A. Jane EyreB. Agnes GreyC. Wuthering HeightsD. Emma17. Charlotte’s V illette is based on her sad days in_____.A. GermanyB. LondonC. ParisD. Brussels18. Dickens’ third literary period shows intensifying ______.A. optimismB. excitementC. irritationD. pessimism19. ______is Dickens’ best of s ocial satires.A. American NotesB. Martin ChuzzlewitC. Dombey and SonD. David Copperfield20. Tennyson’s In Memoriam is a collection of ____ short poems.A. 130B. 131C. 132D. 13321. The chief source of Tennyson’s Idylls of the King is taken from _____.A. The History of the King of BritainB. The History of PendennisC. The History of Henny EsmondD. Morte d’Arthur.22. The Chartists refer to those _____ in the early Victorian AgeA. Romantic writersB. working class writersC. realistic poetsD. bourgeois writers23. The V ictorian Literature began in____ and ended in _____.A. 1837...1900 B. 1836...1901 C. 1832...1901 D. 1830 (1903)24. The conflicts between the capitalists and the proletarian in industrial England caused the ______.A. Enlightenment MovementB. Industrial RevolutionC. Chartist MovementD. Romantic Movement25. _____ is the greatest among the critical realists of the Victorian Age.A. Earnest JonesB. E mily BrontёC. Charlotte BrontёD. Charles Dickens26. Charles Dickens was impressive for his _____.A. wide spread of critical realismB. his spirit of democracy and humanismC. his unforgettable figures with satire and simple and clear languageD. including A, B and C27. “The pride of wealth” or “purse-pride” is the theme of _____.A. Dombey and SonB. Nicholas NicklebyC. The Old Curiosity ShopD. Martin Chuzzlewit28. The two cities in A Tale of Two Cities refer to ____.A. London and New Y orkB. London and ParisC. Paris and New Y orkD. Brussels and Washington29. ____ is the major literary form in the V ictorian Period.A. essayB. poetryC. novelD. drama30. ____ is the main hero in the novel of Wuthering Heights.A. RochesterB. HeathcliffC. ManetteD. Martin31. Both Charlotte and Emily wrote about the ____ around them.A. familiar thingsB. common peopleC. neighborsD. evils32. The most important poet in the V ictorian Age was _____.A. Earnest JonesB. Elizabeth GaskellC. Mr. BrowningD. Alfred Tennyson33. ______ made Dickens famous overnight.A. Sketches by BozB. The Pickwick PapersC. Oliver TwistD. The Old Curiosity Shop34. _____ is Dickens’ first novel of social history reflecting the sharp social contradictions.A. Sketches by BozB. American NotesC. Martin ChuzzlewitD. Barnaby Rudge35. _____ is an autobiographical novel and loved by Dickens himself most.A. Great ExpectationsB. David CopperfieldC. Bleak HouseD. The Pickwick Papers36. Dickens’ writing is an encyclopedic knowledge of _____.A. ParisB. New Y orkC. LondonD. Portsmoth37. _____ has been called “the supreme epic of English life”.A. Nicholas NicklebyB. A Tale of Two CitiesC. Hard TimesD. The Pickwick Papers38. In the ____ period, Charles Dickens believed that all the evils of the capitalist world would be remedies of only men who behaved to each other with kindliness, justice, and sympathetic understanding.A. firstB. secondC. thirdD. fourth39. ____ is the most class-conscious book among the Christmas books.A. A Christmas CarolB. The ChimesC. The Cricket on the HearthD. The Battle of Life40. ____ is Oscar Wilde’s only novel.A. Lady Windermere’s FanB. A Woman of No ImportanceC. The Picture of Dorian GrayD. The Importance of Being Earnest1-5 CADAC 6-10 CDABC 11-15 BBCDA16-20 CDDBB 21-25 DBCCD 26-30 DABCB31-35 ADBAB 36-40 CDABCII. Fill in the blanks.1.The critical realism of the 19th century flourished in the forties and in the beginning of fifties.2.The 19th realists set themselves the task of criticizing capitalist society from a democratic viewpoint anddelineated the crying contradictions of bourgeois social reality.3.The two cities in A Tale of Two Cities written by Charles Dickens are London and Paris.4. A Tale of Two Cities was his historical novel about the French Revolution.5.Wuthering Heights deals with a story of love and violence.6.“Break, Break, Break” and “Crossing the Bar” are two famous lyric poems written by Alfred Tennyson.7.“Dramatic monologue” was created by Robert Browning.8.Robert Browning’s style was highly individual and often more intent on meaning than on form.9.“My Last Duchess” written by Robert Browning is written in the form of dramatic monologue.10.The end of the 19th century is a period of struggle between realistic trend and anti-realistic trend in art andliterature (, the latter reflected the crisis of bourgeois culture at the period of imperialism).11.The important writer who started as a poet and ended as a poet is Thomas Hardy12.Thomas Hardy believes that man’s fate is predeterminedly tragic, driven by a combined force of “nature”,both inside and outside.13.The Chartist Movement appeared between the 30’s and the early 50’s of the 19th century.14.The writer who figured his hometown—the Wessex country in his works is Thomas Hardy.15.One of the representatives who expounded the theory of, and was the spokesman for the school of, “art forart’s sake” was Oscar Wilde.16.The Picture of Dorian Gray was written by Oscar Wilde.17.Saint Joan was written by George Bernard Shaw. It is a historical play.。

exercise7英美文学

15.
The best essayist in the English Romantic Age is _____. A. Keats B. Walter Scott C. Charles Lamb D. Willi
16.Now Thomas De Quincey is remembered chiefly for his masterpiece, _____ which describes his own experience. A. The Spanish Military Nun B. On the Knocking at the Gate in

3. ____ has a another name called “The Daffodils”. A. “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner” B. “Tintern Abbey” C. “Revolution” D. “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” D
• 12. The Prelude has also been called _____. • The Last Brazil • B. The First Impression • C. Growth of a Poet’s Mind • D. The Spirit of the Age •C
13.
1. Romanticism fights against the ideas of ______. A. realism B. Renaissance C. Enlightenment D. feudalism C
2. The main literary stream is ____. A. poetry B. novels C. prose D. periodicals A

Exercises for American Literature (I) - Chapter 2(1)-推荐下载

Exercises for American Literature (I) - Chapter 2Answers to Chapter 2A.l. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. C7. A 8. B 9. B 10. D 11. B 12. AB.1. heredity, environment2. forerunner, founder3. European4. optimist, pessimist5. adults6. French7. bestiality 8. inner world 9. negative10. language, structure 11. immortality 12. womenC.l. T 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. F 6. F7. T 8. T 9. F 10. T 11. T 12. FD.1. Mark Twain2. Mark Twain3. Henry James4. Henry James5. Henry James6. Emily Dickinson7. Emily Dickinson 8. Emily Dickinson 9. Theodore Dreiser10. Theodore Dreiser 11. Henry JamesE.1. The Age of RealismThe literary climate after the Civil War proved to be quite different . A new generation of writers, dissatisfied with the Romantic ideas in the older generation, came up with a new inspiration. This new attitude was characterized by a great interest in the realities of life. It aimed at the interpretation of the realities of any aspect of life, free from subjective prejudice, idealism, or romantic color. So writers beganto describe the integrity of human character reacting under various circumstances and picture the pioneers of the Far West, the new immigrants and the struggles of the working classes. This literary interest in the "reality" of life started a new period in American literature known as the Age of Realism.2. NaturalismThe impact of Darwin's evolutionary theory on the American thought and the influence of the 19th century French literature on the American men of letters helped another school of realism; American naturalism take root in America. The American naturalists accepted the more negative interpretation of this theory and used it to account for the behavior of those characters in literary works who were regarded as more or less complex combinations of inherited attributes, their habits conditioned by social and economic forces. Naturalism is evolved from realism when the author's tone in writing be-comes less serious and less sympathetic but more ironic and more pessimistic. It is no more than a gloomy philosophical approach to reality, or to human existence.3. DarwinismThe term comes from Charles Darwin's evolutionary theory. Darwinists think that those who survive in the world are the fittest and those who can not adapt themselves to the environment will perish. They believe that man has evolved from lower forms of life. Humans are special not because God created them in His image, but because they have successfully adapted to changing environmental conditions and have passed on their survival-making characteristics genetically. Influenced by this theory, some American naturalist writers apply Darwinism as an explanation of human nature and social reality.4. Local ColorismThe particular concern about the local character of a region is called "local colorism," a unique part of American literary realism. Major local colorists include Hamlin Garland, Mark Twain, etc. Generally, their writings are concerned with the truthful color of local life. The characteristic setting is the isolated small town. Local colorists were consciously nostalgic about a vanishing way of life and tried to record a present that faded before their eyes. They dedicated themselves to minutely accurate descriptions of the life of their regions. They worked from personal experience to record the facts of a local environment and suggested that the native life was shaped by the curious conditions of the locale.F.A)1. From Emily Dickinson's "This is my letter to the World".Here the poet is eager to communicate with the outside world and nature.2. From Emily Dickinson's "I heard a Fly buzz — when I died —".This stanza is a description of the moment when the speaker is dying. The sight of the speaker becomes dim and listening becomes weak.3. From Emily Dickinson's "I like to see it lap the Miles —"."It" refers to the train. This part personifies the train and describes the rhythm of its fast movement and its magnificence.4. From Emily Dickinson's "Because I could not stop for Death —".The term "we" refers to the speaker and death. Here "the School" stands for youth, "the Field" for maturity, and "the Setting Sun" for the end of life. Following the beckon of death, one spends his whole life and dies, thus embraces immortality. In the poet's mind, death leads to immortality.B)1. A. From Mark Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.B. The word "we" refers to Huck and Jim.C. The Mississippi river.2. A. From Henry James's Daisy Miller.B. They are going to visit an old castle.C. This part is set in Switzerland.3. A. From Theodore Dreiser's Sister Carrie.B. It symbolizes that Carrie's fate is unstable and she is unable to control her own course of life.C. It is a naturalistic novel. .G.1. The three dominant figures of the period are William Dean Howells, Mark Twain, and Henry James. Though the three prominent writers all worked for realism they had different understanding of the "truth.” While Mark Twain and Howells seem to have paid more attention to the “life" of the Americans, Henry James has apparently laid a greater emphasis on the "inner world" of man. He is a realist of the inner life. Though Twain and Howells both share the same concern in presenting the truth of the American society, the} have each of them different emphasis. Howells focuses his discussion on the rising middle class and the way they live, whileTwain deals with his own region and people of the lower class of society at the forefront of his stories. James writes mostly of the upper reaches of American society.2. One striking feature of Mark Twain's works is his magic power with language—his use of vernacular. His words are colloquial, concrete and direct in effect, and his sentence structures are simple, even ungrammatical, which is typical of the spoken language. And Twain skillfully uses the colloquial style to portray his protagonists in their everyday life. What's more, his characters, confined to a particular region and to a particular historical moment, speak in the speech of uneducated Americans, which is true of his local colorism. Besides different characters from different literary or cultural back grounds talk differently, as is the case with Huck, Tom, and Jim. Indeed, with his great mastery and effective use of vernacular, Twain has made colloquial speech an accepted, respected literary medium in the literary history of the country.3. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, being a boy's book specially written for the adults, is Twain's most representative Work, describing a journey down the Mississippi undertaken by an outcast and a runaway slave, Huck and Jim. Their dramatic encounters present a sample of the small-town world of America and a survey of the social world from the band of the river that runs through the heart of the country. The book proved to be a monumental work in American literature and finally established Twain's position in the literary world. The profound recreation of Huckleberry Finn is another great contribution of the book to the legacy of American literature.T he Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is best known for Mark Train's wonderful characterization of "Huck," a typical American Boy whom its creator describes as a boy with "a sound heart and a deformed conscience. " The book is also remarkable for the raft's journey down the Mississippi river, which Twain uses both realistically and symbolically to shape uis book into an organic whole. Through the eyes of Huck, the innocent and reluctant rebel, we see the pre-Civil War American society fully exposed and at the same time we are deeply impressed by Mark Twain’s thematic contrasts be-tween innocence and experience, mature and culture, wilderness and civilization. The book is also significant in its use of vernacular. As a sequel to Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn marks the climax of Twain's literary creativity. Hemingway once describes the novel the one book from which "all modern American literature comes.”4. Jame's fame generally rests upon his novels and stories with the international theme. These novels are always set against a larger international background, usually between Europe and America. James’s novels are centered on the meeting of the two different cultures with two different groups of people representing two different value systems. The typical pattern of the conflict between the two cultures would be that of an American young man or an American girl who goes to Europe and affronts his or her destiny. The unsophisticated boy or girl would be beguiled, betrayed, cruelly wronged at the hands of those who pretend to stand for the highest possible civilization. Marriage and love are used by James as the focal point of the confrontation between the two value systems: American moral innocence and European decadence. The protagonist usually goes through a painful process of a spiritual growth, gaining knowledge of good and evil from the conflict.5. Henry James's literary criticism is an indispensable part of his contribution to literature. It is both concerned with form and devoted to human values. The theme of his essay "The Art of Fiction" clearly indicates that the aim of the novel is to present life. He also advocates the freedom of the artist to write about anything that concerns him. He should include the disagreeable, the ugly and the commonplace in his work. The artist should be able to "feel" the life, to understand human nature, and then to record them in his own art form.6. One of James's literary techniques is his narrative "point of view.” As the author, James avoids the artificial omniscience as much as possible and makes his characters reveal themselves with minimalintervention of the author. So in his novels we usually learn the main story by reading through one or several minds and share their perspectives. This narrative method proves to be successful in bringing out his themes.7. The themes of Emily Dickinson's poetry cover religion, death, immortality, love and nature. In some of her poems she writes about her doubt and belief about religious subjects. While she desires salvation and immortality, she denies God's plan for an after-life in paradise. Although she believes in God, she sometimes doubts His benevolence. Closely related to Dickinson's religious poetry are her poems concerning death and immortality. The themes rang over the physical as well as the psychological and emotional aspects of death. She looks at death from the point of view of both the living and the dying. Love is another subject Dickinson dwells on. One group of her love poems depicts the suffering and frustration love can cause. The other group of love poems focuses on the physical aspect of desire, in which Dickinson deals with, allegorically, the influence of the male au-thorities over the female. The poet stresses the power of physical attraction and expresses a mixture of fear and fascination for the mysterious magnetism between sexes. More than five hundred poems Dickinson wrote are about nature, in which her general skepticism about the relationship between man and nature is well-revealed. On the one hand, as her romantic and transcendental predecessors she believes that a mythical bond between man and nature exists and that nature reveals to man things about mankind and universe. On the other hand, she feels strongly about nature's indifference to the life and interests of human beings. Dickinson sees nature as both benevolent and cruel.8. Dickinson's poetry is unique and original in its own way. Her poems have no titles, thus are always quoted by their first lines. In her poetry there is a particular stress pattern, in which dashes are used as a musical device to create cadence and capital letters as a means of emphasis. Her poetry sometimes sounds familiar, communal, and sometimes irregular and obscure. Dickinson’s irregular and inverted sentence structure, her choice of words and even her spelling are not conventional. However, her poetic idiom is noted for its laconic brevity, directness and plainness. Her poems are usually short, rarely more than twenty lines, and many of them are centered on a single image or symbol and focused on one subject matter. Dickinson frequently uses personification to vivify some abstract ideas. Dickinson's poetry is remarkable for its variety, subtlety and richness; and her limited private world has never confined the limitless power of her creativity and imagination.9. The effect of Darwinist idea of "survival of the fittest" on Dreiser is shattering. Dreiser describes earthly existence as "a welter of inscrutable forces," man as a "victim of forces over which he has no control," and life as "so sad, so strange, so mysterious and so inexplicable.” No wonder the characters in his books are often subject to the control of the natural forces—especially those of environment and heredity. It is not surprising to find in Dreiser's fiction a jungle struggle, in which "kill or to be killed" is the law. Dreiser's naturalism finds reflection in almost every book he wrote. In Sister Carrie Dreiser expresses his naturalistic pursuit by illustrating the purposelessness of life and attacking the conventional moral standards. After a series of incidents and coincident, Carrie obtains fame and comfort while Hurstwood loses his wealth, social position, pride and eventually his life. Sister Carrie best embodies Dreiser's naturalistic belief that while men are controlled and conditioned by heredity, instinct and chance, a few extraordinary and unsophisticated human beings refuse to accept their fate wordlessly and instead strive, unsuccessfully, to find meaning and purpose for their existence. Carrie is merely a cipher in a cold and harsh world. She is driven to move like a mechanism by desire for a better existence.H.1. Mark Twain is a great literary figure of America. With works like The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and Life on the Mississippi Twain formed the world's view of America. He made a more extensive combination of American folk humor and serious literature than previous writers had ever done. All his masterworks drew upon the scenes and emotions of his boyhood and youth. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is usually regarded as a classic book written for boys about their particular horrors and joys. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, a boy's book specially written for the adults, is Twain's most representative work. These two books, especially the latter, proved to be the milestone in American literature, and thus firmly established Twain’s position in the literary world.Huckleberry Finn marks the summit of Twain's literary creativity. Hemingway once described the novel the one book from which "all modern American literature comes.” The language of the book is simple, direct, lucid, and faithful to the colloquial speech. The profound characterization of Huckleberry Finn is another great contribution of the book to the legacy of American literature.Twain is also known as a local colorist who preferred to present social life through portraits of the local characters of his regions. He wrote about the lower-class people. He successfully used local color and historical settings to illustrate shed light on the contemporary society. With his great mastery and effective use of vernacular, Twain has made colloquial speech an accepted respectable literary medium in the literary history of the country. His style of language influenced many later writers like Hemingway and so on. Twain's humor is remarkable, too. However, his humor is not only of witty remarks mocking at small things or of farcical elements making people laugh, but a kind of artistic style used to criticize the social injustice and satirize the decadence of romanticism.2. Henry James was the first American writer to conceive his artistic work in international themes. The literary career of Henry James is generally divided into three periods. In the first period (1865-1882), James took great interest in international themes. Among works of this period, Daisy Miller (1878), a novella about a young American girl who gets "killed" by the winter in Rome, brought James international fame for the first time. The Portrait of A Lady (1881) is generally regarded as his masterpiece, which treats the conflict between the Old World and the New in the life journey of an American girl in a European cultural environment. James experimented with different themes and forms in his middle period. But his works of this period were not very successful. In his last and major period, James returned to his "international themes. " From 1895 to 1900, he wrote some novellas and stories dealing with childhood and adolescence, the most famous of which is What Maisie Knows (1897). After that, he successively created the following great books:The Wings of the Dove, The Ambassadors and The Golden Bowl. These demanding novels are widely considered to be James's most influential contribution to literature.Jame's fame generally rests upon his novels and stories with the international theme. These novels are always set against a larger international background, usually between Europe and America, and centered on the clashing meeting of the two different cultures with two different groups of people representing two different value systems. Henry James's literary criticism is an essential part of his contribution to literature. It is both concerned with form and devoted to human values. The theme of his essay "The Art of Fiction" clearly indicates that the aim of the novel is to present life. Moreover, James's realism is characterized by his psychological approach to his subject matter. His fictional world is concerned more with the inner life of human beings than with overt human actions. This emphasis on psychology and on the human consciousness proves to be a big contribution to novel writing and has great influence on the coming generations. That is why James is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th century "stream-of-consciousness" novels and the founder of psychological realism. One ofJames's literary techniques is his narrative "point of view.” As the author, James avoids the authorial omniscience as much as possible and makes his characters reveal themselves with minimal intervention of the author. Henry James is thematically one of the most important realists and technically one of the most expert stylists of his time.。

Exercises for Victorian Literature

英美文学Exercises for Victorian Literature1. Tess of the D’Urbervilles, one of Thomas Hardy’s best-known novels, portrays man as .正确答案： B. having no control over his own fate2. The Mill on the Floss is George Eliot’s novel with a heavy a utobiographical touch whereas ______is often regarded as her masterpiece.正确答案：Middlemarch3. Thackeray’s most successful novel is ________, which gets its title from Bunyan’s novel The Pilgrim’s Progress正确答案：Vanity Fair4. , the pioneering woman, according to D. H. Lawrence, was the first novelist that “started putting all the actions inside”.正确答案： C. George Eliot5. “History of the French Revolution” is written by .正确答案： D. Thomas Carlyle6. My Last Duchess is one of the masterpieces of Robert Browning who made the ________a norm as a poetic form for presenting the internal world of the characters.正确答案：dramatic monologue7. Almost all the Victorian prose writers oppose philistinism and emphasize spiritual and cultural values of human life.正确答案：对8. ’s works are all about the struggle of an individual consciousness towards self-realization, about some lonely and neglected young women with a fierce longing for love, understanding and a full happy life.正确答案： B. George Eliot9.’s works are characterized by a mingling of humor and pathos.正确答案： C. Charles Dickens10. is one that introduces to the English novel the first governess heroine.正确答案： A. Jane Eyre11. The Victorian poetry was mainly characterized by experiments with new styles and new ways of expression. Among these famous experimental poets was______who created the verse novel by adopting the novelistic presentation of characters.正确答案： A. Robert Browning12. The purpose of both The Seven Lamps of Architecture and The Stones of Venice is to glorify , an architecture style distinguished by its high and sharply-pointed arches, which had prevailed in Western Europe from the 12th to the 16th centuries.正确答案：gothic architecture gothic building13. Hardy’s principal works are the Wessex novels, i.e., novels describing the characters and environment of his native countryside. is NOT included.正确答案： C. A Pair of Blue Eyes14. opposed Darwin’s explanation of evolution, finding it too mechanistic, and he expounded his own theories in Evolution Old and New, Unconscious Memory, and Luck or Cunning.正确答案： A. Samuel Butler15. The statement “It reveals the dehumanizing workhouse system and the dark, criminal underworld life” may well sum up the main theme of Dickens’s .正确答案： C. Oliver Twist16. Both Carlyle and Arnold advocate the power of heroes as a solution to Victorian social problems.正确答案：错17. “The Sea of Faith// was once, too, at the full, and round earth’s shore// Lat like the folds of a bright girdle furled.” are the lines from Arnold’s poem________.正确答案：Dover Beach18. Which one is NOT Charlotte Bronte’s novel?正确答案： A. Agnes Grey19. Which one is William Makepeace Thackeray’s historical novel?正确答案： D. The History of Henry Esmond20. One of the features of the Victorian age was peopl e’s emphasis on respectability.正确答案：对21. Oscar Wilde’s first play is __________opened in February1892.正确答案： C. Lady Windermere’s Fan22. In what region of England was Emily Bronte raised?正确答案： A. Yorkshire23. The Oxford Movement reflected the desire of the perplexed Victorians to cling to the old faith in face of doubt and emotional stress.正确答案：对24. Mrs. Gaskell, George Eliot, Charlotte Bronte and Emily Bronte are NOT all .正确答案： D. pseudonymous novelists25. “Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless?...And if God had gifted me with some beauty, and much wealth, I should have made it a shard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you.” The abov e quoted passage is most probably taken from正确答案： C. Jane Eyre26. Which one is NOT William Makepeace Thackeray’s works?正确答案： A. Sylvia’s Lover27. Which of the following is about the discussion of Tennyson’s aesthetic v iew of art and artistic creation?所选答案： B. The Lady of Shalott28. Macaulay’s History of England was warmly received by his contemporaries because it had presented a faithful picture of historical events.正确答案：错29. believes th at man’s fate is predeterminedly tragic, driven by a combined force of “nature”, both inside and outside.正确答案： C. Thomas Hardy30. The wide currency of Utilitarianism in the Victorian age on the whole dominated popular thinking, but it provoked strong criticism from the major authors of the time, among others,Carlyle and Arnold.正确答案：对31. Written in 1837-38, Charles Dickens’s novel tells the story of an orphan boy, whose adventures provide material for a description of the lower depths of poverty in the city of London正确答案：Oliver Twist32. Besides being a successful novelist, Charlotte Bronte is also gaining a reputation as a good poet.正确答案：错33. Between 1859 and 1885 Alfred Tennyson worked this narrative poems based on the stories of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table. Those poems were gathered together as .正确答案：Idylls of the King34. One of Charles Dickens’s best works is______, which is written in the first person and is the most autobiographical of all his books. In writing the novel, Dickens threw into it deep feelings and much of his own experience in his younger days.正确答案：David Copperfield35. _________ is Matthew Arnold’s representative work in social criticism, in which the author divides the Victorian people into 3 categories: the Barbarians, the Philistines and the Populace. Arnolds recommends Hellenism as a cure for the Victorian society to uphold the sweetness and light of the Greek civilization can offer.正确答案：Culture and Anarchy36. W hich one is NOT included in Trollope’s Barsetshire novels?正确答案： A. Autobiography37. Ruskin’s aesthetics and the Pre-Raphaelite artistic pursuits anticipate the Art-for-Art’s Sake school represented By Oscar Wilds.正确答案：对38. Emily Bronte’s novel ________is a pathetic story of love, but a powerful attack on the bourgeois marriage system. It shows that true love in a class society is impossible of attainment.正确答案：Wuthering Height39. The following are the common characters shared by the three Bronte sisters EXCEPT正确答案： C. unmarried40. The Victorian drama scene, did not quite regain its value until George Bernard Shaw came on the scene. ________is among one of his most popular early works, the first of its kind to present a prostitue as its major character.正确答案：Mrs. Warren’s Profession41. In more than one sense the Victorian period was an age of the novel, and all great Victorian novels follow the moral standards.正确答案：对42.Which one does NOT belong to Robert Louis St evenson’s writings manipulating the genres associated with children?正确答案： A. The Black Arrow43. These works are written by Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell EXCEPT .正确答案： B. Little Dorrit44. Which one is NOT written by Dante Gabriel Rossetti?正确答案： B. Goblin Market45. Thomas Hardy’s , one of the century’s finest novels, traces the rise and fall of Michael Henchard, a tough, egotistical fellow who, having committed the folly of drunkenly selling his wife and baby at a fair, turns teetotal and by sheer perseverance rises to wealth as a corn-factor and to respectability as Mayor of Casterbridge.正确答案：The Mayor of the Casterbridge46. Dickens and Thackeray are novelists of social manners while Hardy and Emily Bronte are well known for their descriptions of romantic passions.正确答案：错47. The book News from Nowhere is a , telling the story of a man who falls asleep after an evening at a Socialist League meeting. He wakes in the future to find England transformed into a communist paradise where men and women are free, healthy, and equal.正确答案：Utopian fantasy Utopian story48. John Ruskin’s book entitled _________ is actually not about painters; it is about the bea uty of nature and the importance of the appreciation of nature.正确答案：Modern Painters49. Which of the following best describes the nature of Thomas Hardy’s later works?正确答案： D. Tragic sense50. Middlemarch offers a panorama of social life. Although subtitled ________, it is meant to be a miniature of 19th-century English life.正确答案： A Study of Provincial Life。

exercise5英美文学

Exercises of Chapter Five
1. William Wordsworth
《抒情歌谣集》 Lyrical Ballads
“古舟子咏”; “老水手之行”
“The Rime of the Ancient
Mariner”
William Wordsworth
“丁登寺” “Tintern Abbey”
Writers 4)《论伊丽莎白时代戏剧文学》 Lectures on the Dramatic Literature of the Age of Elizabeth
William Hazlitt
5)《桌边文谈》 Table Talk
6)《时代精神》
The Spirit of the Age
Charles Lamb
《约翰•伍德维尔》 John
Woodvil 《H君》 Mr H
Charles Lamb

《莎士比亚故事集》 Tales from Shakespeare 《莎士比亚同时代英国戏剧诗人之范作》

Specimens of English Dramatic Poets Contemporary with Shakespeare
《湖上夫人》
The Lady of the Lake
Walter Scott
《威弗利》 Waverley
《弥德洛西恩的心》
The Heart of Midlothian
Walter Scott
《罗布· 罗伊》 Rob Roy
《艾凡赫》
Ivanhoe
《昆丁· 达沃德》
The Triumph of Life
6. Samuel Taylor Coleridge

八级考试英美文学讲座

八级考试英美文学讲座八级考试英美文学讲座I. English Literature 英国文学部分1.English literature began with the Anglo-Saxon settlement in England. “Beowulf”is the national epic of the Anglo-Saxon and English people.2.The Norman Conquest: The French speaking Normans under Duke William camein 1066 and defeated the English , thus William was crowned as King of England.3.The Romance: The most prevalent kind of literature in feudal England. Thecentral character of romances was the knight, a man of noble birth, who was known for his chivalry.4.The ballads(民谣，民歌): the most important department of English folk literatureis the ballad. A ballad is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and the fourth lines rhymed. For example, the Robin Hood Ballads.5.Geoffrey Chaucer , the founder of English poetry, was born in 1340, and died in1400. He was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the “Poet’s Corner”.“ The Canterbury tales”(1387—1400)is Chaucer’s masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature.6.The English Renaissance: Thomas More (1478—1535) and his “Utopia”; the“poet’s poet of the English Renaissance was EdmundSpenser (1552-90)whose masterpiece is “The faerie Queene”. If the imaginative powers of literary creation of English renaissance found their expression in the poetry of Spenser and the drama of Shakespeare , the intellectual energy of this age showed itself in the achievement of Francis bacon(1561-1626).7.William Shakespeare(1564-1616): the literary giant of the English Renaissance.His famous comedies:(1)A Mid-Summer Night’s Dream(2)The merchant of Venice(3)Twelfth Night(4)All’s Well that Ends Well.His famous tragedies:(1)Romeo and Juliet(2)Hamlet(3)King Lear(4)MacbethShakespeare also wrote 154 sonnets.8.The 17th Century Literature ---- John Milton (1608—1674): “Paradise Lost”9.The 18th Century LiteratureThe Enlightenment in Europe: The 18th century marked the beginning of anintellectual movement in Europe known as the Enlightenment. It was, on the whole, an expression of struggle of the bourgeoisies against feudalism. The enlighteners fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism. They attempted to place all branches of science at the service of mankind.10.Classicism in the English literature:The classicists modeled themselves after the Greek and the Latin authors, and tried to guide literary creation by some fixed laws and rules drawn from Greek and Latin works. Rhymed couplets instead of blank verse, the three unites of time, place and action, regularity in construction, and the presentation of types rather than individuals---these were some of the standards the classicists required of drama. Poetry, following the ancient divisions, should be lyric, epic, didactic, satiric or dramatic, and each class should be guided by its own principles. Prose should be precise, direct, smooth and flexible. Classicism achieved a rapid growth and prevailed for the better part of the 18th century. The literary representatives of classicism in English literature were John Dryden, A. Pope and Samuel Johnson.11.The Rise of the English Realistic Novel”Daniel Defoe(1661-1731): Robinson Crusoe(1719).Jonathan Swift(1667-1745): Gulliver’s Travels” (1726).Henry Fielding (1707-1754):Tom Jones (1749)12.English RomanticismAt the turn of the 18th and 19th century romanticism came to be the new trend in English literature. It rose and grew under the impetus of Industrial Revolution and the French Revolution. It was marked by a strong protest against the bondage of Classicism, a recognition of the claims of passion and emotion, a great attention to the spiritual and emotional life of man and a return to nature.William Wordsworth(1770—1850): I Wondered Lonely as a CloudSamuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834): The Rime of Ancient Mariner, Kubla Khan George Gordon Byron (1788-1824): Don Juan, Sonnet on ChillonPercy Bysshe Shelley(1792-1822): Queen Mab, Ode to the West Wind,Prometheus Unbound(a lyric drama) John Keats(1795-1821): Ode to Autumn, Ode on a Grecian Urn, Ode to aNightingale13.English Critical Realism:Charles Dickens(1812-1870): Oliver Twist, David Copperfield, Hard Times, GreatExpectation, A Tale of Two Cities.William Thackeray(1811-18630: Vanity Fair: A Novel Without a Hero,Some Women Novelists:Jane Austen(1775—1817): Sense and Sensibility, Pride and Prejudice, EmmaCharlotte Bronte(1816-1855): Jane EyreEmily Bronte(1818-1848): Wuthering HeightsGeorge Eliot(1819—1890): The Mill on the Floss14.The Victorian Poets:The Brownings----Robert Browning(1812-1867 )and Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806-1861). (The Ring and the Book, My last Duchess)15.The Turn of the Century:Thomas Hardy(1840-1928): Tess of the D’ Urbervlles (refer to Lesson 15,Book 5) George Bernard Shaw(1856-1950): Mrs. Warren’s Profession, Man and Superman,Major Barbara, The Apple Cart.16.Between the Two World Wars:T.S. Eliot(1887-1965): The Waste LandJames Joyce(1882-1941): Ulysses, Finnegans Wake,Virginia Woolf(1882-1941): Mrs. Dalloway,D. H. Lawrence(1885-1930): Sons and Lovers, Lady Chatterley’s LoverWilliam S. Maugham(1874-1965): Of Human Bondage17: Contemporary English Literature(1945----)Kingsley Amis(1922----): Luck JimJohn Fowles(1926----) :The French Lieutenant’s Woman(法国中尉的女人)Iris Murdoch(1919-1999): Under the Net(《在网下》)，The Sandcastle(《沙堡》) Samuel Beckett(1906--): Waiting for Godot John Osborne(1929--) :Look Back in AngerHarold Pinter(1930---):Birthday Party, Homecoiming18. Contemporary English Literature(1980----)Martin Amis(1949---): Money : A Suicide Note(《钞票：绝命书》)Time’s Arrow(《时光之箭》)Julian Barnes(1946---): Flaubert’s Parrot(《福楼拜的鹦鹉》) American Literature 美国文学部分1．Colonial Period: Benjamin Franklin, Autobiography, Poor Richard’s Almanack2. American Romanticism: Transcendentalism (超验主义)3. Washington Irving(1783—1859, the father of American short story): The Legend ofSleepy Hollow; Rip Van Winkle.4. Nathanial Hawthorne(1804—1864): The Scarlet Letter.5. Henry David Thoreau(1817—1862): Walden.6. Walt Whitman(1819—1892): Leaves of Grass / Song of Myself / When Lilacs Lastin the Dooryard Bloom’d / Oh, Captain, My Captain 7. Herman Melville(1819—1891): Moby Dick8: American Realism(1865—1914):9. Mark Twain(Samuel Langhorne Clemens, 1835—1910):The Adventures of Tom SawyerThe Adventures of Huckleberry FinnThe prince and the Pauper10. Henry James91843—1916):The international themeDaisy MillerThe AmbassadorsThe AmericanThe Turn of the Screw11. O Henry: The Gift of Magi / The Last Leaf / The Cop and the Anthem12. Theodore Dreiser(1871—1945): Sister Carrie13.Robert Frost(1874—1963)Mending WallThe Road Not TakenStopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening14. Wallace Stevens(1879—1955)Sunday Morning15.Ezra Pound(1885—1972)The CantosIn a Station of the Metro(The apparition of these faces in the crowd/ Petals on a wet, black bough )16. T.S. Eliot( 1888—1965) see above.17.Eugene O’Neill(1888—1953)(Nobel Prize winner in 1936)The Emperor Jones / Hairy Ape/ The Iceman Comth / The Long Day’s Journey into Night)18. Arthur Miller(1915-2005)The Death of a Salesman19.F.S. Fitzgerald(1896—1940)The Great Gatsby20.William Faulkner (1897—1962)Stream of consciousness / The Rose for Emily / The Sound and the Fury)21. Ernest Hemingway(1899—1961)The Sun Also RisesA Farewell to ArmsFor whom the Bell TollsThe Old Man and the SeaHemingway Hero / Code Hero (A man can be destroyed but not defeated)Lost GenerationToni Morrison(1933--)The Bluest EyeBelovedThe Song of SolomonTar BabySulaParadiseLove。

英美文学整理版

英美⽂学整理版English and American Literature and the Selected Readings1.Choose the best answer .Charles Dickens is a great writer in the AA. Victorian AgeB. RenaissanceC. Romantic periodD. 20th century2. Fill in the blanks.(1) _Beowulf is the representative works in the Anglo-Saxon Literature.(2) Humanism is the central theme of the English Renaissance.3.Say true or false.(1) Beowulf is written by Chaucer. F(2) Early English drama includes Miracle Play, Mystery Play and Morality Play T Examples for Terms and Questions4. Explain the literary terms. (1) Realism (2) RomanticismChapter One The Making of EnglandChapter Two "Beowulf"Early English Literature (450—1050)Important PointsAnglo-Saxon Period Early English Literature History LiteratureBritons & Britain FeaturesRoman Conquest BeowulfEnglish Conquest Other worksOld EnglishThe Making of EnglandThe English people are not one origin but a mixed blood.Early InhabitantsBritons Britaina tribe of Celts the land of Britonsprimitive people the tribal societyclustering of hutsThe Roman Conquest 55 B. C.Julius Caesar, the Roman conquerorBritons fought fiercely43 A. D. a Roman provinceBritain was under control completelyby the Roman Empire in 78 A. D.The Roman Conquestbeginning of 5th century:declining of the Roman EmpireIn 410 A. D. 400 years of occupationRomans withdrew.Influence:Britons, trodden (trampled践踏) down as slaves or cultivators of the land Buildings of Roman style for Roman conquerors Highways orRoman roads for military purposes Highways or Roman roads for military purposes Christianity introducedThe English Conquest and Old EnglishDuring the Roman Conquest, swarms (crowds, a number of ) of pirates (海盗) came from Northern Europe .Angles England people: English Saxons 7 small kingdoms 7th. C United into One Kingdom Land: Angle-land Jutes Language: Anglo-Saxon︾OldEnglishWhat is the Social Condition of the Anglo-Saxons?before the settlement after the settlementthe tribal society organs of statefamilies united by kinship(⾎族关系) kingship (君王统治)chiefs and warriors the military commanderchief’s bread;the booty (plunder战利品) The Anglo-Saxon periodwitnessed a transition fromtribal society to feudalism.power of life and death;close relationshipWhat is Anglo-Saxon religious belief?1.The Anglo-Saxons were heathen (异教徒) people, believing in oldmythology of Northern Europe.2.English language was influenced by the Northern mythology.3.The Anglo-Saxons were Christianized in the 7th century. Themonks in the monasteries(修道院)maintained to tinge (affected slightly)the earliest works when copied them.Anglo-Saxon Literature2 groups：the pagan poetry Beowulfthe religious poetry Caedmon Cynewulf8th century, Anglo-Saxon proseAlfred the Great, Venerable Bebe Caedmon: Paraphrase of the Bible, Cynewulf Cynewulf: The ChristAlfred the Great: The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles Venerable Bebe: The Ecclesiastical History of the English PeopleBeowulf《贝尔武甫》1. Beowulf is a national epic of English people2. It is the representative works of the early English literature with 3000 lines.3. Its writer is unknown.What is the plot of the story?Characters in the story:Beowulf: a nephew of king of Gents, a people in Denmark.Hrothgar: king of Denmark. Grendel: a monster.She-monster(⼥妖怪): Grendel’s mother. Dragon: a fire dragon, a monster.● 1. Beowulf is a folk legend brought to England by the Anglo Saxon fromtheir primitive Northern Europe.● 2. Beowulf was passed down from mouth to mouth.● 3. Beowulf was written down in the 10th century.● 4. Beowulf tells many marvelous stories.front: stormy northern ocean back: impenetrable(不能通过的) forestsmonsters beneath the sea,in the marshes in the dark forestsexploits (brave deeds) and voyages against the forces of nature● 5. Beowulf is a grand hero.●1) brave deeds2) faithful to his people● 6. Beowulf reflects the features of the tribal society of ancient times. What are the writing features of Beowulf?1. The most important is in alliterative(头韵的) verse and in artistic form.2. Another is the frequent use of metaphors and understatements(暗含的意义) for ironical humor. Metaphors: ring-giver: kinghearth-companions:attendant warriors whale’s road:seasea-wood:ship Understatement: not troublesome:very welcome Summary for the Literary Works:OthersMinstrels（吟游诗⼈） 1. Widsith 2. Deor’s Lament(哀歌)love 1. The Husband’s Message 2. The Wife’s Complaint sea adventures 1. Sea Farer (sailor) 2. The Wanderer Literary Features of the Anglo-Saxon Period1) secular(⾮宗教的) poetry, non religious poems but with Christian coloring;2) created collectively and orally;3) based on history, legend or events of the time;4) for entertainment;5) for the minstrels吟游诗⼈as a paying profession;6) unknown writers, written down by the monks in the 10th century.Choose the right answer.1. The early inhabitants in the island we now call England were _b__.A. CeltsC. BritainD. English2. In 55 B. C., Roman troops led by __a___ invaded Britain.A. Julius CaesarB. ClaudiusC. King Alfred the GreatD. William3.The Roman occupation in Britain lasted for about __c___ years.A. 200B. 300C. 400D. 5004.Old English came into being by the __d__ century.A. 4thB. 5thC. 6thD. 7th5. In __b__ Britain became a Roman province.A. 55B.C. B. 43 A.D. C. 410 A. D. D. 787 A. D.6.The Anglo-Saxon period ended in _d___.A. 1017B. 1042C. 1016D. 10667.__a__ is an early English poem about the life of the gleeman.A. “Deor’s Lament”B. “The Wife’s ComplaintC. “The Husband’s Message”D. “The Seafarer”8. ____c is an early English poem about love.A. “Deor’s Lament”C. “The Husband’s Message”D. “The Seafarer”9. __b__ is an early English poem about the adventures of the sea.A. “Deor’s Lament”B. “The Wanderer”C. “The Husband’s Message”D. “Beowulf”10. ___d_ is the representative work of the early English literature.A. “Deor’s Lament”B. “The Wanderer”C. “The Husband’s Message”D. “Beowulf”11. Grendel is a monster described in ___c___.A. “Deor’s Lament”B. “Widsith”C. BeowulfD. “The Seafarer”Complete the sentences.1.English language in the Anglo-Saxon period was influenced by theNorthern _mythology2.The Anglo-Saxon poetry belongs to secular poetry, that is non-religiouspoems_ but with Christian coloring.3. __Alliteration is the most important feature in Beowulf.4. Another writing feature in Beowulf is the frequent use of metaphors_and understatements_for ironical humor. Exercises1. How does Old English come into being?2. Comment on Beowulf.3. What are the features of Anglo-Saxon literature4.Preview the medieval English Literature, Langland, Chaucer.English Ballads Oral LiteratureMost of the written literature in feudal England was intended only for upper classes.The English people had a literature of their own, not written but oral—English folk songs.The Ballads●The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad●What is a ballad?● A ballad is a story told in song, usually in __4-line stanzas, withthe _second and fourth_lines rhymedFeatures of English Ballads● 1. The ballads are in various English and Scottish dialects.● 2. They were created collectively and revised when handed down frommouth to mouth.● 3. They are mainly the literature of the peasants.● 4. They give an outlook of the English common people in feudal society. The Subjects of English BalladsVariety in kind:1. struggle of young lovers2. the conflict between love and wealth3. the cruelty of jealousy4. the criticism of the civil war5. the matters of class struggle6. the ballads of Robin HoodThe Robin Hood Balladsvarious ballads of Robin Hood The Geste of Robin Hood (act, deed)valiant (brave) outlaw(逃犯) description of the whole life of the hero archery(射箭), greenwood tree,take from the rich, give to the poor,wage war, hunted by the sheriffs, outwits(智胜)1. The Origin of the Robin Hood Balladsthe perpetual (continuous)struggles of the peasantsthe landlords against the local official the king’s judgesrobbed only the rich, never molested the poorinvincible (战⽆不胜的) archers (⼸箭⼿) tireless (不屈不挠的)idol(偶像)of the country folk saintlike (圣⼈⼀样的) hero2. Character of Robin Hoodstrong, brave, clever, tender-hearted, affectionate,humorous, hearty laugh reverence (respect) for the King hatred for the nobles love for the poor fighting spirit, indomitable courage, revolutionary energydevout(虔诚), orthodox(正统) in religionRead the following.1. The fifteenth century has been traditionally described as the barren age in English literature. But it is the spring tide of English _ballads2. The most famous cycle of English ballads centers on the stories about a legendary outlaw called _ CA. Morte d’ArthurB. Robin HoodC. The Canterbury TalesD. Piers the Plowman Feudal EnglandRevision on Early English Literature Fill in the blanks.1.In 55 B. C., Britain was invaded by Julius Caesar , the Roman conqueror.Along with the invasion came the Roman mode of life_ into Britain.2.The _Anglo-Saxon_ period witnessed a transition from tribal societyto feudalism.3. the first Englishmen are usually known as _Angles, Saxons and JutesLanguage spoken by them is called_Old English_, which is the foundation of English language and literature.4. The literature of the Anglo-Saxon period falls naturally into two divisions, _pagan and Christian.5. Beowulf is the oldest surviving epic in the English language.Choose the right answer.The Roman occupation lasted for about 400 years in Britain, and in__d___, all the Roman troops went back to their continent and neverreturned.A. 55B.C. B. 78 A.D. C. 400 A. D. D. 410 A. D.____c_is the first important religious poet in English literature.A. John DonneB. George HerbertC. CaedmonD. MiltonWhen we speak of the old English prose, the first name that comes into our minds is _d___, who is the first scholar in English literature and has been regarded as father of English learning.A. ShakespeareB. BeowulfC. Julius CaesarD. Venerable BebeChapter Three Feudal England Important Points1. The Influence of Norman Conquest on the English Language2. The Content of Romance3. Malory’s Le Morte D’Arthur1)The Norman Conquest1) Danish Invasion 2) The Norman Conquest3)The Influence of the Norman Conquest on the English LanguageThe Norman Conquest (—The Danish Invasion)1. about 787 Danish Vikings (海盗) plundering first, then permanentsettlements(849—901)King Alfred the Great Chronicle《编年史》1) education and literature a monument of Old English prose2) from Latin into English2. 1013, Danes again, 30 years’ occupationThe Norman Conquestin 1066battle in Hastings The Normans, from Northern France, Duke Williamrevolts suppressed;conquest completed; King of EnglandThe Norman Conquest ended the Anglo-Saxon period.The Norman ConquestNorman Conquest ended the Anglo-Saxon established the feudalism The “Domesday Book” 地籍簿confiscated the lands（没收） Anglo-Saxon lords(贵族)a great survey bestowed (赠送给)William I pushed England into the feudal societThe Influence of the Norman Conquest on the English Language ?After the Conquest, the body of customs and ideals known as chivalry was introduced by the Normans into England.The Knightly code, the romantic interest in women, tenderness and reverence (respect) paid to Virgin Mary were reflected in the literature. The Anglo-Saxons, low position; English, despised thing.French words of Warfare and chivalry, art and luxury, science and law, began to come into the English language. at firstLiterature language speakerRomances French nobles, lordsNo written English English subject(⾂民)chronicles,religious poems Latin scholarThe Influence of the Norman Conquest on the English Languagethe end of the 14th century English, dominant languageEnglish structure, English common wordsEnglish absorbed almost the whole body of French words and became the language of the land.Feudal England—Social FeaturesClasses landlords /peasants It was William I who pushed Englandinto the feudal societyruling the Kingthe King’s office church government/secular governmentheretics burnt aliveThe Miseries of the Peasants pauperized1. better than slaves2. Black Death (1348—1349)3. A Statute (法令) of Laborers (1350) low wages4. The war between England and France40 years, expenditure (cost)5. A poll-tax (⼈头税)The Rise of 1381: the rise of peasantsWhere there is depression, there is fight.The leader of the Rise of 1381 were Wat Tyler and John Ball.The Rising was treacherously and bloodily repressed.But the rise had shaken the feudal system in England to the root. John Ball’s Famous Sermon:neither vassals nor lords no more master equalityvelvet, rich stuffs, ermine貂⽪—poor clothing poor and richwines, spices, fine bread—water, rye, junk food miserable lifehandsome seats and manors庄园brave the wind and the rain working in the fieldJohn Ball’s Famous Sermon:What does the sermon tell us?The oppressed had a miserable life, having a quite different way of living with the oppressors in clothing, eating, drinking and housing.So they should fight for equality with the oppressors to have a happy life. John Ball’s famous sermon(布道,说教)What is the sermon essence (实质,本质)? The sermon was not an appeal (呼吁,要求) to the oppressors to mend their way (改过⾃新), but a call to action directed to the oppressed.In a word, it is a call to fight for equality with the oppressors.The Romance1The literature in feudal England was varied in interest and extensive in range.2 The Norman began to write histories or chronicles.3Most of them were written in Latin or French.4The prevailing form ofliterature in the feudal England was the Romance.The Romance—The Content of Romancelanguage spoken by the ancient Romansromance Medieval Latin word: “romanice”/in Old Frenchused in popular courtly(宫廷的，朝廷的) storiestraditional three subjects:the legends about Arthur, Charlemagne and his knights,and stories of classical heroes especially Alexander.The Romance—The Content of RomanceRomance is any imaginative literature that is set in an idealized worldand that deals with heroic adventures and battles between goodcharacters and villains or monsters.Originally, the term referred to a medieval tale dealing with the loveand adventures of kings, queens, knights, and ladies, and includingsupernatural happenings.The Romance—The Content of RomanceRomance lacks general resemblance to truth or reality.It exaggerates the vices of human nature and idealizes the virtues.It contains perilous (dangerous) adventures more or less remote from ordinary life.It lays emphasis on supreme devotion to a fair lady.The Romance—The Content of RomanceThe romance was the most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England.Form: long composition, in verse, in proseContent: description of life and adventures of a noble heroCharacter: knight with chivalry and devoted to the church and the king The Romance Cycles/Groups/Divisions Three Groupsmatters of BritainAdventures of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table matters of France Emperor Charlemagne and his peersmatters of Rome Alexander the Greatand the attacks of TroyThe Romance of King Arthur origin: Celtic legendsbeginning: Geoffrey of Monmouth’sHistory of the Kings of Britain《⼤不列颠国王史》(Latin);Layamon’s Brut 《布鲁特》 (alliterative and rimed English verse) culmination(顶点): Sir Gawain and the Green Knight《⾼⽂爵⼠和绿⾊骑⼠》(metrical romance)Summing up: Thomas Malory’s Le Morte D’Arthur(The Death of King Arthur)《亚⾊王之死》The Class Nature (阶级性) of the Romance●Loyalty to king and lord was the theme of the romances, as loyalty wasthe corner-stone(the most important part 基⽯) of feudal morality.●The romances were composed not for the common but for the noble, ofthe noble, and by the poets patronized (supported 庇护,保护)by the noble. Malory’s Le Morte D’ArthurThomas Malory English country gentleman and soldier, a member ofParliament for Warwickshire in 1445in the War of the Roses, on the side of Lancastriansin 1450, several crimes, to imprisonmentLe Morte D’Arthur, in prisontranslated from FrenchMalory’s Le Morte D’Arthur =The Death of King ArthurKing Arthur a romantic hero/ king of wonders and marvels/victorious battles against Saxons/traced to Celtic chieftain Arthur of Wales/legends made up by medieval poets ,especially French romancersThe Interesting parts of Le Morte D’Arthur1) the adventures of the Knights of the Round Table at Arthur’s court;2) the quest of the Holy Grail;3) the illicit love affair of Sir Launcelot andQueen Guinevere;4) the death of Arthur;5) the dissolution (解除，解散)of fellowship of the Knights of the Round Table(圆桌武⼠).Features of Le Morte D’Arthur1.Malory converted (changed) the long and involved sentences (complicated sentences) of the French romances into simple, idiomaticEnglish prose. 2.Malory told the Arthurian stories in a vivid manner.Le Morte D’Arthur became a 15th-century masterpiece which has amused generations of readers and influenced English poets and writers of latercenturies.Fill in the blanks.1.King Alfred the Great encouraged education- and literature.2. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle was a monument of _Old English prose, encouraged and supervised by King Alfred the Great.3. Wat Tyler and John Ball are the leaders of the Rising of__1381_____.4. The peasants Rising of 1381 had shaken the __feudal_system in England to the root.5. The most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England was the__romance_______.6. The theme of the romances is the loyalty _ to king and lord.7. Malory’s _Le Morte D’Arthur_ was a 15th-century masterpiece which influenced the later writers.8. Malory used simple and idiomatic English prose to translate The Death of King Arthur from French_ into English___. Choose the right answer.The great majority of the romances fall into groups as matters of__d___.A. BritainB. FranceC. RomeD. A,B and C___a___was written in alliterative and rimed English verse.A. Layamon’s BrutB. Malory’s The Death of King ArthurC. King Alfred’s ChronicleD. Geoffrey of Monmouth’s History of Kings of Britain__d___ marked the establishment of feudalism in England.A. Roman ConquestB. English ConquestC. Danish ConquestD. Norman ConquestExercises 1. What is the influence of Norman Conquest on the Englishlanguage?2. How much do you know about romance? 3. Comment on Le Morte D’Arthur.Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗⾥·乔索the representative writer in the Medieval English literatureGeoffrey Chaucer (1340—1400)Chaucer’s three l iterary periods:1. The first or the French period:1) The Romaunt of the Rose《玫瑰传奇》a translation, popular in Middleages2) The Book of the Duchess 《悼公爵夫⼈》, the best work of the time Chaucer’s literary career2. The second or the Italian period:Troilus and Criseyde:《特罗伊拉斯和克莱西德》, a poem of a love story Chaucer’s literary career3. The third or the English period, his best period:The Canterbury Tales 《坎特伯雷故事集》his masterpiece and arepresentative works of the Middle Ages.Troilus and Criseyde《特罗伊拉斯和克莱西德》Chaucer’s longest complete poem about 8000 lines.The poem is from a poem of Baccaccio. The love story of Troilus.Characters of Troilus and CriseydeTroilus: son of the King of Troy Criseyde: beautiful widowPandarus (彭⼤瑞), Calchas (卡尔卡斯), father of Criseyde,a priestuncle of Criseyde, go-between Diomede (戴沃密得), handsome Greek warriorFeatures of Troilus and CriseydeChaucer endowed (赋予) the poem with interest of characters and that of incident.He enriched the story by the vivid and humorous figure of Pandarus and by the development of the character of Criseyde, a fickle woman (易变的⼥⼈).With the poem, he became mature in versification (作诗法;诗体).He is a perfect master of his craft (writing skills).The Canterbury Tales● 1. It has 24 stories.● 2. It is the description of the pilgrims（朝圣者）who tell stories.● 3. It is about the life of ordinary people.● 4. It gives vivid characters, with humor and satire.The Outline and the PrologueOutline of the Story The Prologue (序诗) Tabard (泰巴客店) a framework for the tales 29 (30) pilgrims, to Canterbury vivid sketches of typical figures from allwalks of life24 stories written All major types of medieval literature The Prologue suppliesa miniature(⼩画像) of the English society ofthe timeThe Tales The stories are well suited to the different characters ofthe pilgrims.pathetic (悲哀的); exempla (说教性故事); estate (产业,财产);dreary (沉闷的);monotony (单调);swindling (诈骗的); grisly (恐怖的) ?Sometimes the pilgrims tell stories against each other; sometimes thestories form a group. reeve (地⽅官); friar (托钵修⼠); summoner (召唤⼈);matrimony (婚姻); submitted to (服从); forbearance (忍耐)●The Tales 5. The famous ones are the story of :●1) the wife of Bath（巴斯城的妇⼥）, 2) the Knight（骑⼠）,●3) the Pardoner（卖赎罪卷者）, 4) the Nun’s Priest（尼姑的教⼠）,●5) the Prologue（序诗）.The Wife of Bath （巴斯城的妇⼥）The wife of Bath shows Chaucer’s keen observation and his unsurpasse d (⽆⽐的) talent for characterization.She is the owner of a cloth factory, light-hearted, merry, somewhat vulgar (粗俗的), and exceedingly (⾮常) talkative.It is a vivid sketch (概述) of a woman of the middle class, and a colorful picture of the domestic life of that class in Chaucer’s day.Social SignificanceAffirm men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth.Opposes the dogma (教条) of asceticism (苦⾏主义;禁欲主义)preached by the church.Praise …Expose and satirize…AttackEmphasize the indifference to worldly wealth; the greed anddebauchery(放荡) of all the other clerics(牧师,教⼠).Weak points, e.g. nothing revolutionary in writingChaucer’s language:1. His language is full of humor and satire.2. His language is vivid, exact and smooth, a master of word-pictures.3. He is the first to use heroic couplet which he introduced from France.4. He is the first great poet who wrote in the English language, makingthe dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech. Comment on Chaucer:1. He is the first English short-story teller and the founder of Englishpoetry.2. He is the founder of English realism.3. With humor, irony and satire, he describes the true-to-life characters,like neighbors.4.He is the first to bring the atmosphere of romantic interest about menand women and the daily work of one’s own world.5.He is the master of English language, the greatest in the Middle Ages.What is the “heroic couplet”The heroic couplet is a verse form inepic poetry, with lines of ten syllables and five stresses, in rhymingpairs.英雄诗体：⽤于史诗或叙事诗，每⾏⼗个⾳节，五个⾳部，每两⾏押韵。

英美英国文学第一章到第三章练习

文艺复兴时期练习及答案Exercises of the First Part of the British Literature Section One: Multiple-choice questions1. U “pon a great adventure he was bond, / That greatest Gloriana to him gave. Th ”ese two lines are taken from[A] Milton's Samson Agonistes[C] Beowulf 2. "O prince, O chief of many throned powers, That led th' embattled Seraphim to war Under thy conduct, and in dreadful deeds Fearless, endangered Heaven's perpetual King. " In the first line of the above passage quoted from Milton's Paradise Lost , the phrase "O prince, O chief of many throned powers ”refers to ___________________[A] Satan [B] God [C] Adam 3. Shakespeare claims through the mouth of Hamlet that the "end" of the dramatic creation is to give _______ of the social realities of the time.[A] faithful reflection[B] instructive representation [C] imaginative narration [D] allegorical description4. Humanists of the Renaissance turned to the spirit of ____ culture for inspiration.[A] Anglo-Saxon [B] Italian and French[C] Greeek and Roman [D] medieval5. Paradise Lost is composed in blank verse, which permits the subject. [A] epic grandeur[C] descriptive subtlety 6. Donne 's famous analogy of parting lovers to a drawing compass affords a prime example of[A] dramatic style[C] paradox 7. _______ is a study of the lust for wealth, which centers on Barabas, the Jew, a terrible oldmoney lender.[A] The Jew of Malta[C] Tamburlaine the Great 8. In his conception of tragedy, Marlowe perceived that tragic action must issue from, and be reflected in, ______ .[B] Spenser's The Faerie Queene [D] Gray's Elegy Written in a CountryChurchyard[D] EveMilton needed for his[B] narrative sweep [D] intellectualgrasp[B] exaggeration [D] conceit[B] The Merchant of V enice [D] The Tempest[A] the Renaissance hero[B] endless aspiration for knowledge [C] the individual [D] human dignity and capacity9. In The Faerie Queene, the Red Cross Knight, who stands for true religion ofon the orders of Queen of Faerie, who represents ______ .[A] the Anglican Church, Queen Elizabeth [B] the Roman Catholic Church, Pope[C] Christianity, Christ [D] humanism, divine truth10. What figure of speech is used in the lines: "Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, / And summer's lease too short a date"?[A] Simile[C] Personification 11. The underlined part in "My deeds upon my head! I crave the law, / The penalty and forfeit of my bond. " (from TF, chant of V enice) means _______ .[A] What is done can't be undone [B] Let me responsible for what I do[C] I would give anything for fulfilling my bond [D] I deserve what I demand12. The line "When we have shuffled off this mortal coil" be, or not to be" soliloquy means .when we have got rid of this coil that is doomed to die when we have unloaded this heavyburden like a coil when we have taken off this coat made of coils when we are relived fromthe trouble of mortal life wound around us like coils13. What does the word "humour" mean in the following quotation from "Of Studies": "to make judgment wholly by their rules is the humor of “ a scholar ”?[A] funniness[B] Wit [C]character [D] A sudden whim14. The Spenserian stanza is a group of eight lines of iambic pentameter followed by a six-stress line, with a rhyme scheme ababbcbcc.[A] trochaic[C] anapestic 15. In Satan 'speech:…if he, whom mutual league, / United : thoughts and .counseis, equal hope / And hazard in the glorious enterprise, /.joined with me once . . . " What does "the glorious enterprise refer to?[A] The former scheme to overthrow God.[B] stealing the Tree of Knowledge of Good and Evil[C] Finding means of evil out of good.[D] corrupting Adam and Eve.16. What is the tone in the following lines: " Saucy pedantic .go wretch, go chide / Late school-boys, and sour prentices"?[A] Ironic [B] Sarcastic , sets out [B] Metonymy [D] Hyperbole[A] [B] [C] [D][B] iambic [D]dactylic[C]Humorous [D] Understated18. The sonnet "Death Be Not Proud" is written in the strictbelief that ________ .[A][B][C][D]19. In the line "And every fair from fair sometime decline Shakespeare's Sonnet 18), what does the first and second “fair ”mean?[A] Light complexion; beauty.[C] The beautiful person or thing; beauty. enice, when says to Shylock: "We all expect agentle answer, Jew. punning on the word "gentle".He means a merciful but also means __________________________________________________ .[A] an amiable and tender answer[B] a noble answer [C] a Gentile's as opposed to a Jew's answer [D] a generous answer21. In his "To be, or not to be" soliloquy, Hamlet gives the why he wants to commit suicide. Apart from his personal revenge, that he _ is another reason.[A] is unable to restore his earlier idealized image of his mother[B] thinks the next world is far better than this one[C] is mentally tormented by his father's words[D] cannot bear the social injustice and grievances22. By adva ncing the theory of _________ , Bac on shows the emp irical attitudes toward truth about nature and bravely challenges the medieval scholasticists.[A] inductive reasoning[B] deductive reasoning [C] education [D] scientific experimentation23. The central figure of Tamburlaine, the Great represents for infinite[A] knowledge and happiness[B] power and authority [C] ambition and conquest [D] success and adventure17. In the best metaphysical poetry, feeling and __________ ingenious and appropriate, though it may be disconcertedincongruities together.[A] imagery[B] conceit fuse in an image that is always at first in the shock of bringing [C] thought [D] colloquialismpattern. It reveals the poet's Shakespearean, death is only a sleep, after which we liveeternally Petrarchan, death is but momentary while hal v deathis eternal Elizabethan, death is not as strong as people thinkhe is Portuguese, death is like a long sleep that offer, for the[B] Loveliness; beautiful women.[D] Sound reason; justice.20. In the court scene of The Merchant of V25. In King Leur, Shakespeare has shown to us the two-fold exerted by the feudalisi corruption and24. The shepherd's Calender set thegreat 16th century.[A] rusticfashion in English literature, and inaugurated the [B] ornate [C] rustic [D] pastoral___________ gradually corroded the ordered society.[A] Anarchy and rebellion [B] supernatural forces[C] super natural forces [D] tyranny[B] power and authority success and adventure fashion in English lyrical poetry of the lastSection Two (Reading comprehension)1. So pure and innocent, as that same lambe,She was in life and every vertuous lore,And by descent from royall lynage cameOf ancient Kings and Queenes, that had of yoreTheir scepters stretcht from east to westerne shore,And all the world in their subjection held;Till that infernall feend with foule uproreForwasted all their land, and them expeld;Whom to avenge, she had this knight from far compeld. "Questions:A.Identify the poet and the poem.Edmund Spenser: The Faerie Queene.B.What does "this knight" refer to?The Red Cross Knight.C.What idea does the quotation express?It is a description of V irgin Una, who stands for the divine truth and accompanies the Red Cross Knight on his adventures. She is as pure and innocent in life and all moral knowledge as the Lamb of God (Jesus Christ ). She descended of a royal line, which in old days governed the land from east to west and made the whole world subject to the rule (which suggests she derives her lineage from the Church Universal, not from the Papacy), until the dragon ( which represents the powers of Spain and Rome) with wicked tumult devastated all their land and drove them out. So she has summoned the Knight from a remote place to avenge her imprisoned parents.2."Within this circle is Jehovah's name Forward and backward anagrammatized, The breviated names of holy saints, Figures of every adjunct to the heavens And characters of signs anderring stars, By which the spirits are enforced to rise. "Questions:A.Identify the author and the work.B. Who does "Jehovah" refer to?C. What idea does the quotation express?2. "Thus conscience does make cowards of us all; And thus the native hue of resolution Issicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought;And enterprises of great pith and moment, With this regard, their currents turn awry And lose the name of action. " Questions:A. Identify the author and the work.B.Who is the speaker of the quoted passage?C.What idea does the quotation express?4."Some men there are love not a gaping pig, Some that are mad if they behold a cat, Andothers, when bagpipe sings i' th' nose, Cannot contain their urine for affection, Mistress of passion, sways it to the mood Of what it likes or loathes. "Questions:A.t he author and the work.B.W ho is the speaker of the quoted passage?C.What idea does the quotation express?5. “If her eyes have not blinded thine, Look, and tomorrow late, tell me, Whether both theIndias of spice and mine Be where thou left'st them, or lie here with me. Ask for those kings whom thou saw'st yesterday, And thou shalt hear, all here in one bed lay. "Questions:A.Identify the poet and the poem.B.What does the word "thou" in the last line of the quotation refer to?C.What idea does the quotation express?Section Two Questions and answers1. Make a brief analysis of the "quality of mercy" speech by Portia,.Merchant of V enice, and try to explain why it is regarded most famous speech in the play.2. Make a brief comment on the theme of Paradise Lost.3.Make a brief summary of the historical and cultural background to English Renaissance.4.Make a brief analysis of "Death, Be Not Proud".5.What is Francis Bacon's contribution to English literature?Section Four (Topic discussion)1. Comment on Hamlet's inaction.2. What are the main characteristics of metaphysical poetry?英美文学第二阶段（新古典主义时期）综合练习II. ExercisesA. Multiple-choice questions : (Each of the statements below by four alternative answers. Choose the one thatwould best complete the statement and put the letter in the brackets . )1. In field of literature, the Enlightenment brought about a(n)the old classical works. This tendency is known as neoclassicism.2. John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress is a ( n )A. allegory3. As a literary figure, Belinda appears in Alexander Pope's4. In lines "With gold jewels cover every part, /And hide with ornamentstheir want of art", Pope rejectsA. the "Follow Nature" fallacylanguage?7. Which of the following is a typical feature of Swift's writings?A. revived interest inB. antagonism againstC. rebellion againstD. rational scrutiny ofB. romanceC. comedy of mannersD. realistic novelA. An Essay on CriticismB. The DunciadC. The Rape of the LockD. "Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot"B. artificialityC. aesthetic orderD. good taste 5. Which of the followingis NOT a typical aspect of Defoe'sA. Vernacular.B. Colloquial.C. Elegant.D. Smooth.6. "He has a servant called Friday". "He" in the quoted sentence is a character inA. Gulliver's TravelsB. Tom JonesC. Robinson CrusoeD. The Rape of the LockA. Great wit.B. Bitter satire .C. Laurence SterneD. Henry FieldingA. Oliver GoldsmithB. Richard B. Sheridan 13. Who was the greatest dramatist in the 18th century?C. Rich mythic allusions.D. Complicated sentence structures 8. In which of the following works can you find the proper names "Lilliput","Brobdingnag", "Houyhnhnm" and "Yahoo"?A. The Pilgrim's ProgressB. The Fairie QueeneC. Gulliver's travelsD. The School for scandel9. "Of all the 18th-century n ovelists, he was the first to set out, both in theoryand p ractice, to write sp ecifically a 'comic epic in p rose' , the first to give the modern novelists " structure and style. In the above sentence, "he"refers toA. Jonathan SwiftB. Daniel DefoeC. Samuel RichardsonD. Henry Fielding10. "The novel is structured around the discovery of the hero's origin. " Thisnovel is most probablyA. David CopperfieldB. The History of Tom Jones, a FoundlingC. Wuthering HeightsD. The Vicar of the Wakefield11. "To be so distinguished, is an honor, which, being very little accustomed tofavors from the great, I know not well how to receive, or in what terms to acknowledge." The above sentence is presented in a ( n )tone. A. ironicB. indifferentC. delightfulD. jealousy 12. The was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe in the 18th century.A. RomanticismB. HumanismC. EnlightenmentD. Sentimentalism14. "As shades more sweetly recommend the light, So modest plainness sets off sprightly wit; For works may have more wit than does 'em good As bodies perish through excess of blood. " In the above lines, Pope tries to say thatA. more wit will make better poetryB. plainness is more important than wit in poetryC. too much wit will destroy good poetryD. plainness will make wit dull15. Fielding's method of presentation, namely the fullest, freest, clearest and most straight-forward manner and alsomakes it possible for him to add explanations in places when necessary.A. telling the story through a series of lettersB. telling the story through the mouth of the principal characterC. the author acting as the narratorD. revealing the story through a framework16. The Rape of the Lock by Alexander Pope is written in the form of a mock, which describes the triviality of high society in a grand style.17. Defoe's Robinson Crusoe created the image of an enterprising Englishman,typical of the English bourgeoisie in the18. In The Pilgrim's Progress , John Bunyan describes The Vanity Fair in atone.19. Alexander Pope strongly advocated neoclassicism, emphasizing thatliterary, enables him to write inA. epicB. elegyC. sonnetD. odecentury . A. 17thB. 19thC. 18thD. 20th A. delightfulB. solemnC. sentimentalD. satiricalrestrained emotion, good taste and decorum.20. Of all the 18th-century novelists Henry Fielding was the first to set out, bothin theory and practice, to write specifically a " to give the modern novel its structure and style.A. tragi-comicB. comic epicC. romanceD. romantic epic21. Which of the following is NOT a typical feature of Samuel Johnson'slanguage style?A. His sentences are long and well structured.B. His sentences are interwoven with parallel phrases.C. He tends to use informal and colloquial words.D. His sentences are complicated, but his thoughts are clearly expressed. .22. The School for Scandal, one of the great classics in English drama, is aon the moral degeneracy of the aristocratic-bourgeoissocietyin the 18th-century England.23. In "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" , Thomas Gray comparesthe common folk with the great ones, wondering what the commonscould have achieved if they had had the24. In his works, Defoe gave his praise to the hard-working, sturdy_____ and showed his sympathy for the downtrodden, unfortunate poor. A. middle-class people B. working people25. "The boast of heraldry , the pomp of power, And all that beauty , all that wealth e'er gave, Awaits alike the inevitable hour. The paths of glory lead but to the grave. IIIn the above quoted passage, Thomas Gray intends to say that great family, power,works should be judged byrules of order, reason, logic,A. classicalB. romanticC. sentimentalD. allegoricalin prose", the first A. high praise B. sharp satireC. great ironyD. bitter lamentA. loveB. chanceC. moneyD. material wealthC. Irish farmersD. aristocratsbeauty and wealthA. will never make people lead to the same destina tion-paths ofgloryB. will inevitably make people realize their gloriousdreamsC. are the very best things to lead people to theirgloriesD. will never prevent people from reaching their finaldestination-graveB. Blank-filling: (Complete each of the following statements with a proper wordorphrase. )1. The Neoclassical Period is also known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Ageof2. Modern English novel is a natural product of the Industrial Revolution andasymbol of the growing importance of theEnglish class .3. Joseph Andrews was first intended as a burlesque of the dubious moralityandfalse sentimentality ofRichardson's4. As a lexicographer, Johnson distinguished himself as the author of thefirstEnglish5. was the only important English dramatist of the eighteenthcentury. His plays, especially The Rivals and The School for Scandal , aregenerally regarded as important links between the masterpieces ofShakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw.6. Jonathan Swift's is generally regarded as a model of the best satirenot only in this time but also in the whole English literaryhistory .7. The Pilgrim's Progress, which describes a Christian's journey to theCelestialCity, is a well-knownreligious8. Henry Fielding was the first 18th century writer to try to realize, bothintheory and practice, “_ the modern novel its structure and style.9. In "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard", Gray reflects on - with atouchof his personalmelancholy.10. Bunyan's style was modeled after that of the English -, with concrete andliving language and carefully observed and vividly presenteddetails.T-F statements: (Decide whether the following statements are true or false C.and write your answers in the brackets. )) 1. Samuel Richardson is regarded as the first writer of the English novel ofcharacter.) 2. The Pilgrim's Progress is one of the most popular pieces ofChristianwriting produced during the Romantic Age.( ) 3. The Enlightenment was a progressive working-class movement throughout Western Europe in the 18th century.) 4. John Bunyan 's Pilgrim's Progress, isa typical example ofallegory.) 5. Alexander Pope strongly advocated Romanticism, emphasizing thespecial qualities of each individual's mind.) 6. Jonathon Swift was the most remarkable satirist in the 18th century who criticized the new bourgeois-aristocratic society of his age without mercy.) 7. In contrast to his contemporary writers, Thomas Gray' literary output was small.) 8. In The Pilgrim's Progress, the Celestial City stands for Heaven or thekingdom of God.) 9. In The Rape of the Lock Pope bemoans the fate of the lords and ladies in the aristocratic bourgeois society .) 10. Unlike Pope, Samuel Johnson is seldom didactic and never tries to moralize in his writings.2. The Mysteries of UdUdolpho B. Alexander PopeD.Works-author pairing-up.l. The Castle of Otranto A. John Bunyan 2. The Mysteries of UdUdolpho B. Alexander Pope3. The Pilgrim's ProgressC. Jonathan Swift 9. The School for Scandal 10. "Elegy Written in a countryChurchyard"E. Define the literary terms listed below:F. Reading comprehension:( For each of the quotations listed below please give the name of the author andthe title of the literary work from which it is taken and then brieflyinterpret it . )1. "Here is the Britain Row, the French Row, the Italian Row, the Spanish Row, the German Row, where several sorts of vanities are to be sold. But, as in other fairs, some one commodity is as the chief of all the fair, so the ware of Rome and her merchandise is greatly promoted in this fair: only our English nation, with some others, have taken a dislike thereat. "2. "True wit is Nature to advantage dressed,What oft was thought, but ne'er so well expressed;Something whose truth convinced at sight we find,That gives us back the image of our mind. "3. "'Is not a patron, my Lord, one who looks with unconcern on a man struggli ng for life in the water, and when he has reached ground, encumbers him with help?"'G. Questions: (For each of the following questions you are asked to give a 4. The Rape of the LockD. Henry Fielding 5. Robinson CrusoeE. Horace Walpole 6. Gulliver's TravelsF. Richard B. Sheridan 7. The History of Tom Jones,G. Ann Radcliffe a FoundlingH. Thomas Gray 8. The Lives of PoetsI. Daniel DefoeJ. Samuel Johnson1. The Enlightenment2. The Gothic Novel3. Neoclassicism4. The Heroic Coupletbrief answer, explaining what you know about it. You should write no more than 100 words for each answer, and, therefore, concentrate on thoseessential points. )1.What are the artistic features of Thomas Gray's poetry?2.What is the theme of Sheridan's The School for Scandal ?3.What are the features of Swift's prose?H.Essay questions: ( In this part you are asked to write a short essay on eachof the given topics. You should write no more than 150 words on each one.Therefore, you should concentrate on those most important Points. try your best to be logical in your essay, and keep your writing clear and tidy. )ment on the features of "comic epic in prose" in the selected reading ofTom Jones.ment on the rope-dances and the leaping and creeping games described inGulliver 's Trlasv. ement on the theme and images of "Elegy Written in a CountryChurchyard".E.Define the literary terms listed below:1. The Enlightenment2. The Gothic Novel3.N eoclassicism4.T he Heroic Couplet4. Which of the following statements about Wordsworth is NOT true?[A] He is regarded as a "worshipper of nature".[B] He thinks that common life is the only subject of literaryinterest. [C] His deliberate simplicity and refusal to decorate the truth of experience浪漫主义时期文学Exercises IIII. Multiple-choice questions1. The two major English novelists produced in the Romantic Age are[B] Wordsworth and Coleridge[C] Scott andAusten[D] Lamb and Hazlitt2. "And because I am happy and dance and sing, / They think they havedone me no injury, /And are gone to praise God and hispriest and king,/ Who make up a heavenof our misery. The above four linesaretaken from[D] Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard iscentral to Blake's concern in his Songs of InnocenceandSongs of Experience .[A] Byron and Shelley [A] Song of Experience[B] Song of Innocence[C] Poetical Sketches 3. [A] Politics [B] Religion [C] Childhood [D] Manhood[A] ironic [B] indifferent[D] He changes the course of English poetry by using allusive speech of thelanguage.5. Coleridge's actual achievement as a poet can be divided into tworemarkably diverse groups: the demonic and theconversational. Whichone of the following poems belongs to the conversationalgroup?[A] The Rime of the Ancient Mariner. [B] Christabel.6. Which of the following words is NOT appropriate to describe thecharacteristic features of the "Byronic hero"?[B] Mysterious.7. In the conversation with Mrs. Bennet in Chapter One of Pride and Prejudice, Mr. Bennet uses a teasing tone and[B] joyous8. Which of the following works is NOT a poetic drama written by Byron?[A] The Prisoner of Chillon [B] Manfred[C] Kubla Khan. [D] Frost at Midnight.[A] Proud. [C] Rebellious. [D] Pious.humor.[A] ironic [C] black [D] sarcastic[C]Childe Harold's Pilgrimage [D] Don Juan9.It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of agood fortune must be in want of a wife. " This sentence is presented intone.a(n)[A] ironic [B] indifferent[C] delightful [D] Jealousy10. Which of the following works is an elegy written by Shelley?[D] Queen Mab 11. In the poem "She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways" ending lines golike this: "But she is in her grave, and, Oh. The difference to me!" Theword "me" in the quoted line probably refer to[B ] the reader 12. In the early 19th-century England, the heavily exploited workersexpressedthemselvesin the popular outbreaksof machine-breaking13. "Those ungrateful drones who would/Drain your swe —atnay, drink yourblood?" The word "drones" in the above two 1ines written by Shelley isused as a(n)[B] metaphor [A] Adonais[B] L ycidas[C] Isabella[A] the poet[C] her lover[D] her fatherknown as the riots.[A] Chartist [B] Peterloo[C] Enclosure[D] Luddite [A] irony[C] metonymy[D] synecdoche[A] synecdoche [B] symbol14.In his poem, "Ode to the West Wind", Shelley intends topresent hiswind as a centralaround which the poet weaves various cycles of death and rebirth.[A] synecdoche[B] symbol 15. Byron's "Song for the Luddites" contains three five-lined stanzas ofmovement. The rimes in each stanza are abba .[B] anapestic16. Byron's masterwork, Don Juan , is based on the[B] Greek myth 17.. "The Isles of Greece" is among Byron's most effectivepoeticalutterances on national freedom and consists of sixteen six-lined stanzas tetrameter, with a rime scheme of ababcc. All the 16stanzas are supposedto have been sung by a Greek singer atthewedding feast of Don Juan and Haidee.[B] anapestic18. In Marriage of Heaven and Hell (1790), the word "marriage" , to Blake,means the[A] subordination of the one to the other[B] co-existence of the conflicting parts [C1 fighting of the [C] simile [D] metonymy[A] iambic [C] trochee[D] dactylic[A] Bible[C] Roman myth[D] Spanish legend of[A] iambic [C] trochee [D] dactylic[A] synecdoche [B] symbol conflicting parts[D]reconciliation of the contrariesare presented from the viewpoint.19. Wordsworth defines poetry as " the spontaneous overflow of powerfulfeelings, which originates in emotion recollected in[B] observation22. By contrasting the freedom of the ancient Greece ard theenslavement ofthe present Greece in "The Isles of Greece appealedto theGreekpeople to fight for[B] happiness[A ] memory[C] tranquility [D1 nature20. The stanza Shelleyinvents for this Ode to the West Wind is a highly complicated fusion of the sonnet and of rima, with nodivision into octave and sestet. Shelley's rhyme scheme :or his stanzas may be. represented as aba bcb cdc ded ee.[A] free[B] end [C] internal [D] terza21. The poetic view ofcan be best understoodfrom his remark about poetry: " all good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings. "[A] Samuel Taylor Coleridge [B] John Keats [C] William Wordsworth[D] Percy Bysshe Shelley.[ A ] love。

Exercise for English Literature(1)

Exercise for English Literature（1）II. Fill in the Blanks:1.In 1755, _Samuel Johnson_published his enormous work “A Dictionary of theEnglish Language”, which marked an epoch in the study and development of the English language and became the foundation of all the subsequent English dictionaries.2. “The Vicar of Wakefield”has been written by __Oliver Goldsmith__, theoutstanding representative of the English sentimentalist literature.3.The name of sentimentalism comes from Lauren ce Sterne’s “_A SentimentalJourney_”, the representative work of the sentimental novel.4.In the history of English literature, the 18th century is the golden age of _novel__.5.The enlighteners believed that__reason__ should be the only basis of one’sthinking and action.6. Together with "A Mid-summer Night’s Dream", "As You Like It"and " TheTwelfth Night",the play "_The Merchant of Venice_" was regarded as one of the four best known comedies of William Shakespeare.7. _Daniel Defoe_, the author of " Robinson Crusoe ", " Captain Singleton ", " MollFlanders " and "Colonel Jack ", has been the father of modern journalism just because, besides fiction, he is also known for his contribution to the beginning of English journalism.8. The most outstanding novelist of the 17th century was John Bunyan, whosemasterpiece is_The Pilgrim’s Progress_.9.__Daniel Defoe__ was the real founder of the English realistic novel.10. __The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling__ is regarded as Henry Fielding'smasterpiece, with the fame of being the best constructed novel in English literature.11." _Jane Eyre_ " has been considered to be Charlotte Bronte's masterpiece.12. _Humanism_ is the key-note of English Renaissance.13. “The Golden Notebook” was writte n by _Doris Lessing_, who won the Nobel Prizefor Literature in 2007.14. It was _Christopher Marlow_, the most gifted of the “University Wits”, that firstmade blank verse the principal instrument of English drama.15.__ Henry Fielding _, whose best work is “The History of Tom Jones, aFoundling”, has been regarded as the greatest novelist of the 18th century England.16.The enlighteners believed that _reason_ should ne the only basis of one’s thinkingand action.17.__Alexander Pope _ was the most important poet verse satirist in the first halfof the 18th century.18.Shakespeare’s most successful romantic tragedy is __Romeo and Juliet__, inwhich he eulogizes the faithfulness of love and the spirit of pursuing happiness. 19.Alexander Pope, who has often been called the spokesman of verse in the Age ofReason, is nowadays chiefly remembered for his “_Essay on Man_”.20.”The Pilgrim’s Progress” is a faithful reflection of England in __ John Bunyan _’s age.III. Choose the best answer for each of the following:1.Which of the following is not a novel? _____a_______.a. Every Man in His Humorb. Utopiac. Robinson Crusoed. Gulliver’s Travels2.In English literature, _______b_______ has been called the “Poet’s Poet”.a. Ben Jonsonb. Edmund Spenserc. Alexander Poped. John Milton3.In English literature, _______b_______ has been called the founder of the Englishdomestic novel.a. Samuel Johnsonb. Samuel Richardsonc. John Bunyand. JohnDryden4.The word “Yahoo” comes from _______c__________.a. Paradise Lostb. The Pilgrim’s Progressc. Gulliver’s Travelsd.Hamlet5.The 18th century England produced the first English novels, which fall into threegroups, they are ______d________.a. the realist novelb. the sentimental novelc. the Gothic noveld. all ofthe above6. ________ was the greatest dramatist of the realistic school in the 18th century Englang.a.Goldsmithb.Sternec.Sheridand.Fielding7. The writer that expounded the theory of " art for art’s sake " has been ____b____.a.William Wordsworthb.Oscar Wildec.John Donned.Henry Fielding8." Ode to the West Wind " is a poem written by _____c________.a.John Keatsb.George Gordon Byronc. Percy Bysshe Shelleyd. William Wordsworth9.The greatest English critical realist of the 19th century was______a______.a.Charles Dickensb.William Shakespearec.Geffrey Chaucerd.John Milton10.Which of the following is written by Thackeray? ____b____.a." Hard Times "b." Vanity Fair "c." Sons and Lovers "d." Animal Farm "。

exercise7英美文学

A. Wordsworth’s B. Byron’s C. Shelley’s D. Keats’ C
7. As a poet, Leigh Hunt is chiefly remembered for ____.
A. About Ben Adhem B. Jenny Kissed Me C. The Liberal D. The Story of Rimini D
A. Kubla Khan B. Frost at Night C. Christabel D. Biographia Literaria D
26. ____ is Shelley’s masterpiece. A Zastrozzi B. The Necessity of Atheism C. Queen Mab D. Prometheus Unbound D
A. A Vision of Judgment B. The Life of Nelson C. Roderick, the Last of the Goths D. Madoc A
• 12. The Prelude has also been
called _____.
• The Last Brazil • B. The First Impression • C. Growth of a Poet’s Mind • D. The Spirit of the Age
•C
13. _____ is considered Wordsworth’s masterpiece.
A. Zastrozzi; Eton B. The Necessity of Atheism; Italy C. Queen Mab; Greece D. Prometheus Unbound; Italy A