[英语]Unit 10 非谓语动词
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In order to be a good scientist, you must
understand mathematics.
要成为一个出色的科学家，必须懂数学。
例外：不定式的逻辑主语若与主句不同， 通常由for引出逻辑主语。
The coffee was too hot for him to drink.
put off.
下周要举行的会议将被推迟。
h
12
LOGO
❖不定式与所修饰的名词逻辑上构成动宾关 系时，该不定式后面不能再带宾语，如果
不定式为不及物动词，则需保留介词。
She has a lot of work to do in the morning.
(do a lot of work)
早上他有很多工作要做。
h
15
LOGO
常用句型：in order (not) to；
so as (not) to 以便；so (such) as to ；
be so kind (good) as to ；be kind (good) enough to ；too…to…
h
16
LOGO
❖不定式做状语时，其逻辑主语一般为句子的 主语。
e.g. It will be a mistake for us not to help him.
It is foolish of her to believe his sweet words.
It’s glad to meet you again.
h
23
LOGO
如下动词及短语只跟动词不定式
Ask sb to do sth Encourage sb to do sth Force sb to do sth Order sb to do sth Prefer sb to do sth Want sb to do sth
I have heard both teachers and students speak well of him. (1999年6月大学英语四级题)
h
20
LOGO
1.7 不定式作独立成分,表明说话人的观点:
to be brief 简言之 to be exact 确切地说 to be sure 肯定地说 to make a long story short 长话短说 to make matters worse 更糟的是 to sum up 概括地说 strange to say 说来也怪 to be frank 坦率地说 to begin with 首先
非谓语动词
❖概念：在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有 除谓语外其他语法功能的动词(起名词、形 容词和副词作用的动词形式)，叫做非谓语 动词。
❖特点：与谓语动词相比，非谓语动词既不 能单独作谓语，其形式又不受主语的人称
或数的限制。故又称为非限定动词。
不定式 动名词
分词(现在分词和过去分词)
c
1 动词不定式（the Infinitive）
It's no good complaining about the bad service to the hotel.
It’s no use crying over the spilt milk.覆水难收
h
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu26
LOGO
1.2 “there + be + no + 动名词” 的结构
hard, necessary, essential, impossible, dangerous, common, unusual等，这类形 容词的特点是表示“客观情况” 。
It is hard for me to accept the truth.
h
9
LOGO
1.2 不定式作宾语 1.2.1 能跟不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：
h
10
LOGO
❖当不定式为直接宾语，且带有宾语补足 语时，应将不定式置于补足语后面，而
用it代替不定式作形式宾语。
I found it impossible to answer all the questions within the time given.
我发现在规定的时间内答完所有的问题是不可能的。
被动语态 being done
完成时
having done
having been done
h
25
LOGO
二.动名词的句法功能 1. 作主语
Walking around in a city is rather tiring. 1.1 在一些结构里，需用it 作形式主语，把用作实
际主语的动名词置后。 构成形式为：It’s + 形容词/名词 + 动名词
afford, agree,, ask, attempt, begin, care, choose, claim, consent, continue, decide, decline, refuse, scorn, seek, strive, swear, threaten, try, volunteer, vote, vow, wait, want等。
book within 5 days. It is hard for me to accept the truth. It was stupid of Jack to talk back to his teacher.
h
7
LOGO
注意：
1. 当句中的表语为动态形容词，即描写人或物 的特征或品德的形容词时，通常使用“It is + 形容词 + of sb. + 不定式”句型。常用的这类 形容词有：absurd, bold, brave, busy, careful, careless, clever, considerate, coward, cruel, foolish, friendly, generous, good, honest, kind, lazy, nice, noisy, polite, rude, reasonable, selfish, shy, silly, stupid, thoughtful, wicked等。
咖啡太烫了，他没法喝。
h
17
LOGO
1.5 不定式作定语
1.5.1.the first /the last/the best to do （其中
动词不定式做定语）
I was the first woman to travel alone to the North Pole.
Yang Liwei was the first Chinese astronaut(宇航 员） to travel in a spaceship around the earth in outer space.
happen to do sth. plan to do sth. pretend to do sth. promise to do sth. refuse to do sth. tend to do sth. threat to do sth. want to do sth. wish to do sth.
2
动名词（the Gerund）
现在分词（the Present Participle）； 3 过去分词（the Past Participle）
不定式（to do)
过去分词(-ed) -ed分词
非 分词
谓
语
现在分词(-ing)
- ing分词
动名词（-ing)
h
5
LOGO
一、 动词不定式
不定式是一种非谓语动词，由不定式符号to加 动词原形构成，多与某些动词、名词、形容词 搭配。
Women have the right to receive education.
h
19
LOGO
1.6不定式作补足语
He wants you to wait here.
在feel, have, hear, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, observe, see, watch等使役动词及感官 动词动词后，复合宾语中动词不定式的标记 to 通常被省略。
I need a pen to write with.
我需要一支笔写字。（介词 with 不能省略）
h
13
LOGO
1.2.2不定式作介词宾语时，主要用于作介 词except 和but 的宾语.如：
The old man’s son did nothing but play games.
Her husband can do nothing except cook.
h
11
LOGO
❖不定式做定语时一般修饰将要去做的事。 即不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词 所表示的动作之后。
I hardly have time to catch the last bus.
我几乎没有时间去赶上末班车。
The meeting to be held next week will be
He wanted nothing but to stay there. 注意：如果句中的except或but 之前有实义动词动
词do的某种形式，其宾语为不带to的不定式， 否则，其宾语为带to的不定式。
h
14
LOGO
1.3不定式作表语
This hedge is to prevent rabbits from getting into the yard.
To tell the truth, you made me disappointed.
h
21
LOGO
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动词不定式
agree to do sth. arrange to do sth. attempt to do sth. decide to do sth. manage to do sth. demand to do sth. determine to do sth. expect to do sth. fail to do sth.
基本形式：
主动形式
被动形式
一般时 完成时 进行时
h
(not) to do
(not) to have done (not) to be doing
6
(not) to be done
(not) to have been done (not) to be being done
LOGO
一、不定式的功能
1.1 不定式作主语 It takes me two hours to get to school. It is beyond my ability to finish reading this
h
18
LOGO
1.5.2.不定式作定语, 修饰名词或代词
I have many things to do.
This is the device to help you out. 有些名词后面经常跟不定式作宾语：如：
time,reason,chance,right,ability,willingness ,need,anxiety, wish,plan.
省略to的动词 See sb do/doing sth Hear sb do/doing sth Feel sb do/doing sth Make sb do sth Have sb do sth Let sb do sth
h
24
LOGO
二、动名词
❖ 动名词的基本形式
时态
语态 主动语态
一般式
doing
2. It was stupid of Jack to talk back to his teacher.
h
8
LOGO
2. 当句中的表语为静态形容词， 即描写人 或物的静态特征的形容词时，通常用“It is + 形容词 + for sb.+ 不定式”句型, 常用的 此类形容词有：easy, difficult, important,
h
22
LOGO
如下动词及短语只跟动词不定式:
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
e.g. It took him a year to save up enough money for a computer.
It is + 表语 + for/of + to do sth.
1.4不定式作状语 不定式作状语可表示目的、结 果、原因等。
The students stopped to listen to the teacher. (目 的)
He rushed to the classroom only to find nobody there. (结果)
I am happy to hear from you. (原因)
understand mathematics.
要成为一个出色的科学家，必须懂数学。
例外：不定式的逻辑主语若与主句不同， 通常由for引出逻辑主语。
The coffee was too hot for him to drink.
put off.
下周要举行的会议将被推迟。
h
12
LOGO
❖不定式与所修饰的名词逻辑上构成动宾关 系时，该不定式后面不能再带宾语，如果
不定式为不及物动词，则需保留介词。
She has a lot of work to do in the morning.
(do a lot of work)
早上他有很多工作要做。
h
15
LOGO
常用句型：in order (not) to；
so as (not) to 以便；so (such) as to ；
be so kind (good) as to ；be kind (good) enough to ；too…to…
h
16
LOGO
❖不定式做状语时，其逻辑主语一般为句子的 主语。
e.g. It will be a mistake for us not to help him.
It is foolish of her to believe his sweet words.
It’s glad to meet you again.
h
23
LOGO
如下动词及短语只跟动词不定式
Ask sb to do sth Encourage sb to do sth Force sb to do sth Order sb to do sth Prefer sb to do sth Want sb to do sth
I have heard both teachers and students speak well of him. (1999年6月大学英语四级题)
h
20
LOGO
1.7 不定式作独立成分,表明说话人的观点:
to be brief 简言之 to be exact 确切地说 to be sure 肯定地说 to make a long story short 长话短说 to make matters worse 更糟的是 to sum up 概括地说 strange to say 说来也怪 to be frank 坦率地说 to begin with 首先
非谓语动词
❖概念：在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有 除谓语外其他语法功能的动词(起名词、形 容词和副词作用的动词形式)，叫做非谓语 动词。
❖特点：与谓语动词相比，非谓语动词既不 能单独作谓语，其形式又不受主语的人称
或数的限制。故又称为非限定动词。
不定式 动名词
分词(现在分词和过去分词)
c
1 动词不定式（the Infinitive）
It's no good complaining about the bad service to the hotel.
It’s no use crying over the spilt milk.覆水难收
h
Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu26
LOGO
1.2 “there + be + no + 动名词” 的结构
hard, necessary, essential, impossible, dangerous, common, unusual等，这类形 容词的特点是表示“客观情况” 。
It is hard for me to accept the truth.
h
9
LOGO
1.2 不定式作宾语 1.2.1 能跟不定式作宾语的动词常见的有：
h
10
LOGO
❖当不定式为直接宾语，且带有宾语补足 语时，应将不定式置于补足语后面，而
用it代替不定式作形式宾语。
I found it impossible to answer all the questions within the time given.
我发现在规定的时间内答完所有的问题是不可能的。
被动语态 being done
完成时
having done
having been done
h
25
LOGO
二.动名词的句法功能 1. 作主语
Walking around in a city is rather tiring. 1.1 在一些结构里，需用it 作形式主语，把用作实
际主语的动名词置后。 构成形式为：It’s + 形容词/名词 + 动名词
afford, agree,, ask, attempt, begin, care, choose, claim, consent, continue, decide, decline, refuse, scorn, seek, strive, swear, threaten, try, volunteer, vote, vow, wait, want等。
book within 5 days. It is hard for me to accept the truth. It was stupid of Jack to talk back to his teacher.
h
7
LOGO
注意：
1. 当句中的表语为动态形容词，即描写人或物 的特征或品德的形容词时，通常使用“It is + 形容词 + of sb. + 不定式”句型。常用的这类 形容词有：absurd, bold, brave, busy, careful, careless, clever, considerate, coward, cruel, foolish, friendly, generous, good, honest, kind, lazy, nice, noisy, polite, rude, reasonable, selfish, shy, silly, stupid, thoughtful, wicked等。
咖啡太烫了，他没法喝。
h
17
LOGO
1.5 不定式作定语
1.5.1.the first /the last/the best to do （其中
动词不定式做定语）
I was the first woman to travel alone to the North Pole.
Yang Liwei was the first Chinese astronaut(宇航 员） to travel in a spaceship around the earth in outer space.
happen to do sth. plan to do sth. pretend to do sth. promise to do sth. refuse to do sth. tend to do sth. threat to do sth. want to do sth. wish to do sth.
2
动名词（the Gerund）
现在分词（the Present Participle）； 3 过去分词（the Past Participle）
不定式（to do)
过去分词(-ed) -ed分词
非 分词
谓
语
现在分词(-ing)
- ing分词
动名词（-ing)
h
5
LOGO
一、 动词不定式
不定式是一种非谓语动词，由不定式符号to加 动词原形构成，多与某些动词、名词、形容词 搭配。
Women have the right to receive education.
h
19
LOGO
1.6不定式作补足语
He wants you to wait here.
在feel, have, hear, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, observe, see, watch等使役动词及感官 动词动词后，复合宾语中动词不定式的标记 to 通常被省略。
I need a pen to write with.
我需要一支笔写字。（介词 with 不能省略）
h
13
LOGO
1.2.2不定式作介词宾语时，主要用于作介 词except 和but 的宾语.如：
The old man’s son did nothing but play games.
Her husband can do nothing except cook.
h
11
LOGO
❖不定式做定语时一般修饰将要去做的事。 即不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词 所表示的动作之后。
I hardly have time to catch the last bus.
我几乎没有时间去赶上末班车。
The meeting to be held next week will be
He wanted nothing but to stay there. 注意：如果句中的except或but 之前有实义动词动
词do的某种形式，其宾语为不带to的不定式， 否则，其宾语为带to的不定式。
h
14
LOGO
1.3不定式作表语
This hedge is to prevent rabbits from getting into the yard.
To tell the truth, you made me disappointed.
h
21
LOGO
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动词不定式
agree to do sth. arrange to do sth. attempt to do sth. decide to do sth. manage to do sth. demand to do sth. determine to do sth. expect to do sth. fail to do sth.
基本形式：
主动形式
被动形式
一般时 完成时 进行时
h
(not) to do
(not) to have done (not) to be doing
6
(not) to be done
(not) to have been done (not) to be being done
LOGO
一、不定式的功能
1.1 不定式作主语 It takes me two hours to get to school. It is beyond my ability to finish reading this
h
18
LOGO
1.5.2.不定式作定语, 修饰名词或代词
I have many things to do.
This is the device to help you out. 有些名词后面经常跟不定式作宾语：如：
time,reason,chance,right,ability,willingness ,need,anxiety, wish,plan.
省略to的动词 See sb do/doing sth Hear sb do/doing sth Feel sb do/doing sth Make sb do sth Have sb do sth Let sb do sth
h
24
LOGO
二、动名词
❖ 动名词的基本形式
时态
语态 主动语态
一般式
doing
2. It was stupid of Jack to talk back to his teacher.
h
8
LOGO
2. 当句中的表语为静态形容词， 即描写人 或物的静态特征的形容词时，通常用“It is + 形容词 + for sb.+ 不定式”句型, 常用的 此类形容词有：easy, difficult, important,
h
22
LOGO
如下动词及短语只跟动词不定式:
It takes sb. some time to do sth.
e.g. It took him a year to save up enough money for a computer.
It is + 表语 + for/of + to do sth.
1.4不定式作状语 不定式作状语可表示目的、结 果、原因等。
The students stopped to listen to the teacher. (目 的)
He rushed to the classroom only to find nobody there. (结果)
I am happy to hear from you. (原因)