(完整版)大学英语词汇与语法练习4：虚拟语气强化练习题—答案及详解

练习4：虚拟语气强化练习题
Part I. Multiple Choice
1. ______ go downtown this afternoon, please post the letter for me.
A. Had you
B. Were you to
C. If you did
D. Shall you
句意：如果你下午要去市中心，请帮我寄一下这封信。

解析：这是省略了if的条件句，完整的从句为If you were to go downtown this afternoon，从句是针对将来的虚拟语气，用于表示礼貌客气的态度。

2. You didn’t let me drive. If we ______ in turn, you ______ so tired.
A. drove, didn’t get
B. were driving, wouldn’t get
C. drove, wouldn’t get
D. had driven, wouldn’t have got
句意：你不让我开车。

如果我们轮流开车，你就不会这么累了。

解析：这是针对已经发生了的事情的假设，开车是过去的事情了，因此从句中用过去完成时表示虚拟，主句中用would+have done的形式表示虚拟。

3. If it ______ for the snow, we _______ the mountain yesterday.
A. were not, could have climbed
B. were not, could climb
C. hadn’t been, could have climbed
D. hadn’t been, could climb
句意：如果不是因为那场雪，我们昨天本可以爬山的。

解析：这是针对已经发生了的事情的假设，下雪及爬山说的都是之前的事情，因此从句中用过去完成时表示虚拟，主句中用could+have done的形式表示虚拟。

注意：此句中涉及一个it的句型。

It is for …一般用于引起原因，If it isn’t for …，意为“要不是因为……”。

此句中用了该句型的虚拟语气形式。

4. The new airport _______ if they had not stopped working on it.
A. would complete
B. had been completed
C. had completed
D. would have been completed
句意：如果他们没有停止建设，新机场早就建成了。

解析：这是针对已经发生了的事情的假设，因此从句中用过去完成时表示虚拟，主句中用would+have done的形式表示虚拟。

新机场是被建成，这里有一个完成加被动。

5. If he _______ his do
A. had taken, might still have been
C. might have taken; had still been
D. took; might still be
句意：如果他听了医生的建议，他现在可能还活着。

解析：这是错综时间条件句，从句说的是过去听医生的建议，主句说的是现在的情况。

因此从句中用过去完成时表示对过去事情的假设，主句中用“情态助动词might+动词原形”的形式表示对现在情况的假设。

A. were; would have let
C. had been; had let
D. were; had let
句意：如果你是健康的，昨天我就会让你去旅行了。

解析：这是针对已经发生了的事情的假设，健康状态及旅行说的都是昨天的事，因此从句中用过去完成时表示假设，主句中用would+have done的形式表示假设。

7. I lost your address, otherwise (or) I _________ you long before.
A. had visited
B. have visited
C. would have visited
D. should visit
句意：我弄丢了你的地址，否则我早就去看你了。

解析：otherwise后面的句子是针对已经发生了的事情的假设。

因此用would+have done的形式表示本想做但是没有做。

8. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _______ the rules.
A. obeys
B. obey
C. will obey
D. would obey
句意：门口的保安坚持要求每个人都遵守规则。

解析：这是表达主观意愿的虚拟语气。

insist在句中意为“坚持要求”，其后的that从句中用动词原形，表示这是主观意愿。

9. The boss insisted that John ________ unfit for his work.
A. was
B. is
C. should be
D. were
句意：老板坚持认为John不称职。

解析：该句中没有虚拟语气，是直陈句，从句时态与主句时态应一致，都为一般过去时。

句中的insist意为“坚持认为、坚持说”，是坚持自己的看法，而不是坚持要求别人要做什么的意思，因此表达的不是主观意愿，不用虚拟语气。

10. The officer commanded (ordered) the damaged bridge ____ before dawn.
A. must be repaired
B. would be repaired
C. be repaired
D. should have been repaired
句意：长官命令在天亮前修好损毁的桥梁。

解析：这是表达主观意愿的虚拟语气。

Command/order后的that从句中用动词原形表示主观意愿。

11. He suggested (advised, proposed) that the wounded _______ to the hospital as
soon as possible.
A. had been sent
B. should have been sent
C. would be sent
D. (should) be sent
句意：他建议尽快把伤员送到医院。

解析：这是表达主观意愿的虚拟语气。

Suggest/advise/propose后的that从句中用动词原形表示主观意愿。

12. He came home with a smile on his face, which suggested that he __ work.
A. should find
B. had lost
C. should have found
D. had found
句意：他回家时面带微笑，这意味着他找到了工作。

解析：该句中没有虚拟语气，从句的时态与整个句子的时态保持一致。

句子是一般过去时，而找到工作是在回家之前发生的，所以要用过去完成时。

该句中的suggest意为“表明、意味着、暗示”，不表示“建议”，因此不用虚拟语气。

13. Most of the members demanded (requested, required, asked) that the meeting
________ till after Friday.
A. shouldn’t put off
B. not be put off
C. wouldn’t be put off
D. not put off 句意：大部分成员要求会议不要推迟到周五以后。

解析：这是表达主观意愿的虚拟语气。

Demand等词后的that从句中用动词原形表示主观意愿。

这里相当于是should not be put off，省略了should。

14. I wish I ________ how to translate this sentence.
A. knew
B. know
C. have known
D. should know
句意：我希望我知道如何翻译这个句子。

解析：这是表达非现实的愿望。

Wish后的that从句中，如果是针对现在的时间而言，那么动词用过去时表示非现实的愿望。

15. –Has Fangfang been to New York? –No, but she wishes she _____.
A. would
B. will next time
C. had
D. had next time
句意：芳芳去过纽约吗？——没有，但是她希望她去过。

解析：这是表达与过去事实不一致的愿望。

Wish后的that从句中，如果是针对已经发生的事情而言，那么动词用过去完成时表示与过去事实不一致的愿望。

该句是一个省略句，完整的句子为No, but she wishes she had been to New York。

由于是对问题的回答，所以省略了问题中的相同成分，只保留了助动词had。

16. I wish I _______ the TV program last night.
A. could watch
B. have watched
C. watched
D. could have watched
句意：我希望我昨晚看了那个电视节目。

解析：这是表达与过去事实不一致的愿望。

Wish后的that从句中，如果是针对已经发生的事情而言，那么动词用过去完成时表示与过去事实不一致的愿望，如果重点要表达遗憾情绪，也可以用“情态助动词+have done”的形式。

17. The two strangers talked as if they ______ fiends for years.
A. should be
B. would be
C. have been
D. had been
句意：那两个陌生人聊起天来就好像他们是多年的朋友一样。

解析：这是与过去事实不一致的比拟。

as if从句中用过去完成时表达与过去事实不一致的比拟。

18. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if (though) it _______.
A. breaks
B. has broken
C. were broken
D. has been broken
句意：当一支铅笔一部分置于水杯中时，看起来就好像被折断了一样。

解析：这是与一般现实不一致的比拟。

as if从句中用过去时表达与一般事实不一致的比拟，be动词用were。

19. Look at the clouds, it looks as if it _______ rain.
A. will
B. would
C. were
D. is going to
句意：看那些云，看起来好像就要下雨了。

解析：这是接近于事实的比拟，不适用虚拟语气。

根据语境判断，下雨是很可能就要发生的事情，所以不适用虚拟语气。

20. _______ he were trying to teach them all he knew.
A. It seemed that
B. They had hoped
C. It seemed as if
D. They thought
句意：看起来好像他要把他所知道的都教给他们。

解析：根据后半句中的were得知，该句中有虚拟语气，并且是针对当前事实的非现实的比拟，因此需要选择一个能使用虚拟语气的结构。

所给选项中只有as if 从句需要使用虚拟语气，其他结构不使用虚拟语气。

21. The doctor urged that she _________ an operation as early as possible.
A. had
B. has
C. have
D. would have
句意：医生催促她尽早做手术。

解析：这是表达主观意愿的虚拟语气。

urge后的that从句中用动词原形表示主观意愿。

22. Without your encouragement and support, we ________________.
A. should not succeed
B. would not succeed
C. would have succeeded
D. would not have succeeded
句意：如果没有你的鼓励和支持，我们不可能取得成功。

解析：这是转化了的虚拟条件句，把if条件句转化为without介词短语，表达的仍然是一个假设的条件，因此句中仍要使用虚拟语气。

此处，取得成功是已经发生的事，针对过去的事，使用“情态助动词+have done”的结构表达假设。

23. I think it’s high time the children __________ to school.
A. go
B. are going
C. will go
D. went
句意：我想该是孩子们上学的时候了。

解析：这是表达主观意愿的虚拟语气。

句型it is (high) time that…从句中要用动词过去式表达主观意愿，有时也可以用“should+动词原形”，但是should不能省略。

24. Given more time and money, he ____________better than what it is.
A. did
B. had done
C. could have done
D. would do
句意：如果有更多的时间和钱，他本可以做得比现在更好。

解析：这是转化了的虚拟条件句，把if条件句转化为given引起的短语，表达的仍然是一个假设的条件，因此句中仍要使用虚拟语气。

此处他做事情是已经发生的事，针对过去的事，使用“情态助动词+have done”的结构表达假设。

25. The same thing, happening in war time, ___________ great disaster.
A. will amount to
B. amounts to
C. would have amounted to
D. would amount to
句意：同样的事，如果发生在战争时期，将会构成巨大的灾难。

解析：这是转化了的虚拟条件句，把if条件句转化为happening in war time分词短语，表达的仍然是一个假设的条件，因此句中仍要使用虚拟语气。

此处，是针对一般情况的假设，因此使用针对现在时间的虚拟语气，句中用“情态助动词+动词原形”表达假设。

注意：该句中，amount to sth.是重点动词短语，意为“相当于、等同于、构成”。

Part II. Error Analysis
1. Your director would have been inclined to favor your request if you would have
waited for another occasion when he was less busy with other more important matters.
修改：would have waited →had waited
句意：如果你能等到主管处理不太重要事情的、不太忙的其他时候，他是有可能愿意接受你的请求的。

解析：根据语境及句中时态判断，找主管提出请求这件事已经发生了，针对过去事情的假设，从句中应该使用过去完成时。

expects cast takes the time to
句意：重要的是，每个想要投选票的公民要花点时间公开评估这些问题。

解析：It is important that…句型中，用动词原形表达主观意愿。

此处that从句中包含一个定语从句who expects to cast his vote，that从句的主语为every citizen, 谓语动词为take，只在谓语动词上使用主观意愿的虚拟语气，其他动词不涉及。

Part III. Translation
1.The general manager insisted that the project be carried out as planned.
2.He would not resign even if the heaven should collapse.
3. A more responsible person would not have left the work half done.
4.It is necessary that immediate effort (should) be made.
5.Now it is time that you made some sentences by using this pattern.。