(完整版)211翻译硕士英语考试大纲-2017版
浙江工商大学2017年翻译硕士英语硕士入学考试大纲
浙江工商大学2017年翻译硕士英语硕士入学考试大纲一、考试目的《翻译硕士英语》作为全日制翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）入学考试的外国语考试，其目的是考察考生是否具备进行MTI学习所要求的外语水平。
二、考试性质与范围本考试是一种测试应试者单项和综合语言能力的尺度参照性水平考试。
考试范围包括MTI考生应具备的外语词汇量、语法知识以及外语阅读与写作等方面的技能。
三、考试基本要求1.具有良好的外语基本功，认知词汇量在10，000以上，掌握6000个以上（以英语为例）的积极词汇，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。
2.能熟练掌握正确的外语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识。
3．具有较强的阅读理解能力和外语写作能力。
四、考试形式本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方法。
各项试题的分布情况见“考试内容一览表”。
五、考试内容本考试包括以下部分：词汇语法、阅读理解、外语写作等。
总分为100分。
I．词汇语法1.要求：考生的认知词汇量应在10,000以上，其中积极词汇量为5,000以上，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。
考生能正确运用外语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识。
2.题型：单项选择题。
II.阅读理解1.要求：能读懂常见外刊上的专题文章、历史传记及文学作品等各种文体的文章，既能理解其主旨和大意，又能分辨出其中的事实与细节，并能理解其中的观点和隐含意义。
能根据阅读时间要求调整自己的阅读速度。
2.题型：1)多项选择题：包括信息事实性阅读题和观点评判性阅读题。
2)简答题：要求根据所阅读的文章，用3-5行字数的有限篇幅扼要回答问题，重点考查阅读综述能力。
本部分题材广泛，体裁多样，选材体现时代性、实用性；重点考查通过阅读获取信息和理解观点的能力；对阅读速度有一定要求。
III．外语写作1.要求：考生能根据所给题目及要求撰写一篇400词左右的记叙文、说明文或议论文。
该作文要求语言通顺，用词得体，结构合理，文体恰当。
首都经济贸易大学211《翻译硕士英语》357《英语翻译基础》448《汉语写作与百科知识》考试大纲
首都经济贸易大学硕士研究生入学考试211《翻译硕士英语》、357《英语翻译基础》、448《汉语写作与百科知识》考试大纲一、考试目的根据全国翻译硕士专业学位教育指导委员会所制定的《全日制翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）研究生入学考试总纲》（考试指导性意见）以及《全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生指导性培养方案》以及有关文件要求与精神，本考试旨在全面考察考生的双语（英语、母语）综合能力及双语翻译能力。
二、考试的性质与范围本考试是全国翻译硕士专业学位研究生的入学资格考试，除全国统考分值100分的第一单元《政治理论》之外，专业考试分为三门，分别是第二单元外国语考试《翻译硕士英语》第三单元基础课考试《英语翻译基础》以及第四单元专业基础课考试《汉语写作与百科知识》。
《翻译硕士英语》重点考察考生的外语水平，总分100分，《英语翻译基础》重点考察考生的外汉互译专业技能和潜质，总分150分，《汉语写作和百科知识》重点考察考生的现代汉语写作水平和百科知识，总分150分。
三、考试基本要求1.具有良好的英语基本功，掌握6000个以上的英语积极词汇。
2.具有较好的双语表达和转换能力及潜质。
3.具备一定的中外文化以及政治、经济、法律等方面的背景知识。
对作为母语（A语言）的现代汉语有较强的写作能力。
四、考试形式本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，试题在各项试题中的分布见各门“考试内容一览表”。
五、考试内容见以下分别表述。
211《翻译硕士英语》考试大纲一、考试目的：《翻译硕士英语》作为全日制翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）入学考试英语考试，其目的是考察考生是否具备进行MTI学习所要求的英语水平。
二、考试性质与范围：本考试是一种测试应试者单项和综合语言能力的尺度参照性水平考试。
考试范围包括MTI考生应具备的英语词汇量、语法知识以及英语阅读与写作等方面的技能。
三、考试基本要求1.具有良好的英语基本功，认知词汇量在10，000以上，掌握6000个以上的积极词汇，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。
211-翻译硕士英语
211-翻译硕士英语一、考试目的：《翻译硕士英语》作为全日制翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）入学考试的外国语考试，其目的是考察考生是否具备进行MTI学习所要求的外语水平。
二、考试性质与范围：本考试是一种测试应试者单项和综合语言能力的尺度参照性水平考试。
考试范围包括MTI考生应具备的外语词汇量、语法知识以及外语阅读与写作等方面的技能。
三、考试基本要求1. 具有良好的外语基本功，认知词汇量在10，000以上，掌握6000个以上（以英语为例）的积极词汇，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。
2. 能熟练掌握正确的外语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识。
3. 具有较强的阅读理解能力和外语写作能力。
四、考试形式本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方法。
各项试题的分布情况见“考试内容一览表”。
五、考试内容：本考试包括以下部分：词汇语法、阅读理解、外语写作等。
总分为100分。
一、词汇语法1. 要求1）词汇量要求：考生的认知词汇量应在10,000以上，其中积极词汇量为5,000以上，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。
2）语法要求：考生能正确运用外语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识。
2. 题型：多项选择或改错题二、阅读理解1. 要求：1）能读懂常见外刊上的专题文章、历史传记及文学作品等各种文体的文章，既能理解其主旨和大意，又能分辨出其中的事实与细节，并能理解其中的观点和隐含意义。
2）能根据阅读时间要求调整自己的阅读速度。
2. 题型：1）多项选择题（包括信息事实性阅读题和观点评判性阅读题）2）简答题（要求根据所阅读的文章，用3-5行字数的有限篇幅扼要回答问题，重点考查阅读综述能力）本部分题材广泛，体裁多样，选材体现时代性、实用性；重点考查通过阅读获取信息和理解观点的能力；对阅读速度有一定要求。
三、外语写作1. 要求：考生能根据所给题目及要求撰写一篇400词左右的记叙文、说明文或议论文。
2017年考研英语(一)大纲(完整版)
2017年考研英语（一）大纲（完整版）（非英语专业）（2017年版）I.考试性质英语（一）考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。
II.考查目标考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：（一）语言知识1.语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。
本大纲没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，其目的是鼓励考生用听、说、读、写的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在交际中能更准确、自如地运用语法知识。
2.词汇考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关附表中的内容（详见附录1、2）。
除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等；掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等；掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。
英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。
这意味着需要对本大纲词汇表不断进行研究和定期的修订。
此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。
考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的词汇。
（二）语言技能1.阅读考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料（生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%），还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。
对所选材料，考生应能：1）理解主旨要义；2）理解文中的具体信息；3）理解文中的概念性含义；4）进行有关的判断、推理和引申；5）根据上下文推测生词的词义；6）理解文章的总体结构以及上下文之间的关系；7）理解作者的意图、观点或态度；8）区分论点和依据。
2017届考研英语(二)大纲解析——翻译
2017届考研英语（二）大纲解析——翻译2017届全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）考试大纲于2017年9月18日与各位考生见面。
其中，翻译部分与2017届全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）考试大纲相比，无明显变化。
下面就大纲中对翻译部分的考查要求与规定进行详细解析，以便考生在复习翻译时方向更加明确，目标更加清晰，内容更有针对性。
希望对考生的复习有所帮助。
一、大纲内容：考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。
要求译文准确、完整、通顺。
要求考生阅读、理解长度为150词左右的一个或几个英语段落，并将其全部译成汉语。
考生在答题卡2上作答。
共15分。
二、考查标准解析：1．准确——忠实于原文。
对原文的准确理解是一篇优质译文的前提。
要求译文内容不能与原文所表达的内容有出入或相违背，否则一定会影响译文得分。
评分标准中要求，如果句子译文明显扭曲原文意思，该句得分最多不得超过0.5分。
2．通顺——译文符合汉语表达习惯。
在准确理解原文的前提下，把所理解的译文按照中文的表达习惯，表达出来。
译成汉语后，译文一定要读得懂，读得通。
3．完整——无漏译。
要求考生对原文的内容完整地进行翻译，不得有遗漏。
如有遗漏，评卷老师会酌情减分。
注：若不完整，译出的部分可给分。
三、考查内容：1、专有名词、词组和多义词的翻译；专有名词、词组和多义词是翻译中对词考查的重要内容。
翻译时，高频专有名词，按照约定俗成的方法翻译；非著名的专有名词，采取音译或音译+括号英文的方法翻译；不熟悉的专有名词，直接照抄英文即可。
词组的翻译需要考生注意平时的积累，理解和熟记。
多义词词义的选择可根据语境联系上下文猜测词义；根据词根词缀选择猜测生词的词义；根据汉语的习惯搭配来翻译。
2、翻译策略运用:词义选择+语序调整；考研翻译中重点考查学生在不同语境中对词义的理解，以及语义组合和语言表达的准确性和通顺性。
因此，在翻译时，学生要注意不同语境中词义的选择，表达的译文要符合汉语的表达习惯和中国人的逻辑思维习惯。
211 翻译硕士英语复习提纲
211 翻译硕士英语复习提纲一、考试目的：《翻译硕士英语》作为全日制翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）入学考试的外国语考试，其目的是考察考生是否具备进行MTI学习所要求的外语水平。
二、考试性质与范围：本考试是一种测试应试者单项和综合语言能力的尺度参照性水平考试。
考试范围包括MTI考生应具备的外语词汇量、语法知识以及外语阅读与写作等方面的技能。
三、考试基本要求1. 具有良好的外语基本功，认知词汇量在10，000以上，掌握6000个以上（以英语为例）的积极词汇，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。
2. 能熟练掌握正确的外语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识。
3．具有较强的阅读理解能力和外语写作能力。
四、考试形式本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方法。
各项试题的分布情况见“考试内容一览表”。
五、考试内容：本考试包括以下部分：词汇与结构、阅读理解、外语写作等。
总分100分。
I．词汇语法1. 要求1）词汇量要求：考生的认知词汇量应在10,000以上，其中积极词汇量为5,000以上，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。
2）结构要求：考生能正确运用外语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识。
2. 题型：多项选择题及改错题。
总分30分。
考试时间为60分钟。
II. 阅读理解1. 要求：1）能读懂常见外刊上的专题文章、历史传记及文学作品等各种文体的文章，既能理解其主旨和大意，又能分辨出其中的事实与细节，并能理解其中的观点和隐含意义。
2）能根据阅读时间要求调整自己的阅读速度。
2. 题型：1) 多项选择题（包括信息事实性阅读题和观点评判性阅读题）2) 简答题（要求根据所阅读的文章，用3-5行字数的有限篇幅扼要回答问题，重点考查阅读综述能力）本部分题材广泛，体裁多样，选材体现时代性、实用性；重点考查通过阅读获取信息和理解观点的能力；对阅读速度有一定要求。
总分40分。
考试时间为60分钟。
III．外语写作1. 要求：考生能根据所给题目及要求撰写一篇400词左右的记叙文、说明文或议论文。
2017年北京师范大学翻译硕士考研参考用书、考试科目、考试大纲
本资料由育明教育独家整理，更多高质量资料下载来源：（育明教育官2017年北京师范大学翻译硕士考研必读信息一．北京师范大学外国语学院英语笔译考研内容分析专业招生人数初试复试英语笔译年份统考推免政治100分翻译硕士英语100分英语翻译基础150分汉语写作与百科知识150分复试形式为口试，总分：100分包括：①英语阅读与理解（50分）②英汉互译（口头表述能力）（50分）201415102015541620164426二．育明考研考博辅导中心孙老师解析：关于北京师范大学翻译硕士英语笔译2016年的招生信息最新总结：1，北京大学2016年英语笔译复试分数线330，比15年低。
很多同学单科线不过，导致无缘复试。
北师大是自主划线的，根据学生的考试情况和招生人数决定。
但是17年考研的同学要按照平均330以上准备。
来育明教育孙老师会根据学生的情况合理规划。
2，北京师范大学英语笔译招生人数从15年开始扩招，有原来的25到70人，推免生占55%，但是每年实际推免生都比原定名额少，希望大家好好备考。
3，北京师范大学英语笔译出题趋势和北大类似，文学性越来越强，大家可以参考北大真题学习。
4，北京师范大学英语笔译参考书真题都不公布，很多考生觉得无从下手，但是没有参考书并不能阻碍什么。
考研，非参加知识竞赛，背书即可。
研究生入学考试，考的是语言能力，不是考记忆力。
育明教育考博分校针对北京大学翻译硕士专业考研开设的辅导课程有：专业课一对一·全程集训营·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。
每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在85%以上。
育明学校从2006年开始积累的深厚高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考研成功的基础保障。
三．翻译硕士考研资料：（全套）（一）汉语写作与百科知识---天津出版传媒集团李国正，夏衍教授主编，这本书针对近三年各个翻译硕士院校的真题进行了分析和统计，并总结了历年各个院校翻译硕士考研规律。
西安邮电大学211翻译硕士英语考试大纲
西安邮电大学硕士研究生招生考试大纲科目代码：211科目名称：《翻译硕士英语》一、考试内容和要求1.考试总体要求本考试是一种测试应试者单项和综合语言能力的水平考试。
考试范围包括考生应具备的英语词汇量、语法知识以及英语阅读、写作等方面的技能。
要求考生具有良好的英语基本功，英语认知词汇量在10000词以上，积极词汇量6000词以上，能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配；熟练掌握正确的英语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识；具有较强的英语阅读理解能力和英语写作能力。
2.考试内容满分为100分。
主要题型有词汇语法、完形填空、阅读理解和英语写作等：（1）词汇语法部分：积极词汇及其常用搭配、英语语法、结构、修辞等知识；（2）完形填空部分：在具体的语境中灵活运用语言知识的能力以及进行正确的逻辑推理、综合判断和分析概括的能力；（3）阅读理解部分：常见英语百科全书或其他工具书上的词条、常见外刊文章、历史传记及文学作品评论或介绍等文章，既能理解其主旨和大意，又能分辨出其中的事实与细节，并能理解其中的观点和隐含意义；（4）英语写作部分：根据所给提示写出不少于400英语单词的作文，能够做到语言通顺、结构合理、文体恰当。
3. 试题类型及比例（1）词汇语法部分题型为多项选择题，共40道选择题，每题0.5分，共20分；（2）完形填空部分题型为多项选择题，共两篇文章，20道选择题，每小题1分，共20分；（3）阅读理解部分题型为多项选择题，共四至五篇文章，20道选择题，每小题1.5分，共30分；（4）英语写作部分题型为短文写作题，共1道题，30分。
二、考试形式及时间闭卷笔试。
考试时间3小时。
三、参考教材1.《英语写作手册》（第三版）外语教学与研究出版社 2009年2.《综合教程》（第二版）上海外语教育出版社 2013年。
全日制翻译硕士专业学位(笔译方向)研究生入学考试《翻译硕士英语》(211)考试大纲 (2017版)
全日制翻译硕士专业学位（笔译方向）研究生入学考试《翻译硕士英语》（211）考试大纲（2017版）一、考试目的《翻译硕士英语》作为全日制翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）入学考试的外国语考试，其目的是考察考生是否具备进行MTI学习所要求的英语水平。
二、考试性质与范围本考试是一种测试应试者单项和综合语言能力的尺度参照性水平考试。
考试范围包括MTI考生应具备的英语词汇量、语法知识以及英语阅读与写作等方面的技能。
考试为3小时。
三、考试基本要求1.具有良好的英语基本功，认知词汇量在10, 000以上，掌握6,000个以上（以英语为例）的积极词汇，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。
2.能熟练掌握正确的英语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识。
3．具有较强的阅读理解能力和英语写作能力。
四、考试形式本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方法。
各项试题的分布情况见“考试内容一览表”。
五、考试内容本考试包括以下部分：词汇语法、阅读理解、英语写作等。
总分为100分。
I．词汇语法1. 要求1）词汇量要求：考生的认知词汇量应在10,000以上，其中积极词汇量为6, 000以上，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。
2）语法要求：考生能正确运用英语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识。
2. 题型：选择题II.阅读理解1. 要求1）能读懂常见英语报刊上的专题文章、历史传记及文学作品等各种文体的文章，既能理解其主旨和大意，又能分辨出其中的事实与细节，并能理解其中的观点和隐含意义。
2）能根据阅读时间要求调整自己的阅读速度。
2. 题型1)选择题（包括信息事实性阅读题和观点评判性阅读题）2)简答题（要求根据所阅读的文章，用3-5行字数的有限篇幅扼要回答问题，重点考查阅读综述能力）本部分题材广泛，体裁多样，选材体现时代性、实用性；重点考查通过阅读获取信息和理解观点的能力；对阅读速度有一定要求。
III．英语写作1. 要求：考生能根据所给题目及要求撰写一篇400词左右的记叙文、说明文或议论文。
浙江理工大学_211翻译硕士英语2017年_考研专业课真题
浙江理工大学2017年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题考试科目：翻译硕士英语代码：211（请考生在答题纸上答题，在此试题纸上答题无效）Part I Grammar & Vocabulary (25 points)Directions: There are fifty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose best answer and mark it on your answer sheet.1. The doctor ____ a medicine for my headache.A. subscribedB. describedC. prescribedD. inscribed2. This song ____ his life’s dream and ardent love of life.A. incorporatedB. initiatedC. exposedD. embodied3. It is said that the reconstruction of the Grand Theatre is a _____ project of Shanghaigovernment this year.A. prestigeB. superiorityC. priorityD. publicity4. The explanation given by the congressman yesterday was not at all ____ to us.A. satisfyB. satisfiedC. satisfactoryD. satisfying5. Primitive superstitions that feed racism should be _____ through education.A. ignoredB. exaltedC. eradicatedD. cancelled6. The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of the athlete’s body, ____ to thebody.A. the stress it is greaterB. greater is the stressC. greater stress isD. the greater the stress7. These small firms _____ not long ago in order to meet the increasing demands for moreelectrical appliances.A. clusteredB. assembledC. linkedD. amalgamated8. My aunt has decided to spend her ____ years in the suburbs of Shanghai.A. diminishingB. decliningC. reducingD. dwindling9. The matter is not to be ______.A. watched forB. waited onC. taken overD. trifled with10. Ms. Green has been living in town for only one year, yet she seems to be ____ witheveryone who comes to the store.A. acceptedB. admittedC. admiredD. acquainted11. I ______ with thanks the help of my colleagues in the preparation of this new column.A. expressB. confessC. verityD. acknowledge12. They were ____ in their scientific research, not knowing what happened just outsidetheir lab.A. dippedB. drownedC. immersedD. submerged13. Economics applies directly to how we earn our income and _____.A. how to spend our moneyB. how we spend our moneyC. the way we spend our moneyD. the way our money is spent14. The product must be priced _____ it competes effectively with rival products in thesame market.A. as suchB. in such a wayC. so thatD. so15. I ____ be late for that important meeting than leave this injured old woman here.A. had betterB. would ratherC. may as wellD. should just16. In developing countries people are ______ into overcrowded cities in great numbers.A. breadingB. fillingC. pouringD. hurrying17. Mark often attempts to escape _____ whenever he breaks traffic regulations.A. having been finedB. to be finedC. to have finedD. being fined18. This hotel ____ $60 for a single room with bath.A. claimsB. demandsC. pricesD. charges19. I _____ writing the paper as scheduled, but my mother’s illness interfered. I hope youwill excuse me.A. am to have finishedB. was to have finishedC. was to finishD. ought to finish20. By the time she is 50 years old, she___ an inmate of the prison for over half of her life.A. would have beenB. will beC. will have beenD. would be21. James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he ____ until yesterday.A. will comeB. was comingC. has been comingD. came22. Whatever the cause, English at the end of the 20th century is more widely spoken andwritten than any other language ____.A. ever wasB. had ever beenC. has ever beenD. would ever be23. Jack ____ from home for two days now, and I am beginning to worry about his safety.A. has been missingB. has been missedC. had been missingD. was missed24. There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone ______ me thatevening.A. to have interruptedB. would have interruptedC. had interruptedD. to interrupt25. The ambassador heard that ______ at his post a year longer.A. he be stayingB. him to stayC. he would be stayingD. he will have stayed26. Greater efforts to increase agricultural production must be made if food shortage ____avoided.A. is to beB. can beC. will beD. has been27. It is the first book of this kind _______ I’ve ever read.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. when28. _____ that the pilot couldn’t fly through it.A. So the storm was severeB. So severe was the stormC. The storm so severe wasD. Such was the storm severe29. Not only I but also Tom and Mary ____ fond of watching television.A. amB. isC. areD. be30. Do help yourself to some fruit, _____ you?A. can’tB. don’tC. wouldn’tD. won’t31. It is required that you ________ at six.A. will arriveB. arriveC. arrivedD. would arrive32. It is a widely held theory _______ the ancestral prototype of the flowering Astereleswas a woody plant, perhaps a small tree.A. whereB. untilC. whileD. that33. To get up early and to go to sleep early ____ good for your health.A. isB. areC. wasD. were34. They would rather I _____ tomorrow.A. cameB. comeC. will comeD. have come35. What they need ______ more people.A. isB. areC. hasD. have36. ______ he friend or enemy, the law regards him as a criminal.A. BeB. IsC. BeingD. To be37. They each _______ a new dictionary.A. hasB. haveC. isD. are38. Either dye or paints _____ to color cloth.A. is usedB. be usedC. are usedD. was used39. The doctors don’t _______ that he will live much longer.A. articulateB. anticipateC. manifestD. monitor40. The ball _____ two or three times before rolling down the slope.A. swayedB. boundedC. hoppedD. dated41. I assure you there was no ______ motive in my suggestion.A. ulteriorB. stationaryC. vulgarD. toxic42. We expect Mr. Smith will ________ Class One when Miss White retires.A. take toB. take upC. take offD. take over43. I suggest we put the Scheme into effect, for it is quite _______.A. eligibleB. sustainableC. probableD. feasible44. No men was allowed to ______ on the livelihood of his neighbor.A. wadeB. invokeC. muffleD. infringe45. Tom hardly seems middle-aged, ________ old.A. less likelyB. let aloneC. much worseD. all else46. The prospect of increasing prices has already _______ worries.A. irritatedB. provokedC. inspiredD. hoisted47. All the students were excited at the _____ of a weekend sports competition.A. opinionB. viewC. thoughtD. idea48. The traveler’s passport established his _____.A. proofB. evidenceC. identityD. case49. Now the cheers and applause ______ in a single sustained roar.A. mingledB. concentratedC. assembledD. permeate50. For years now, the people of that faraway country have been cruelly _____ by adictator.A. depressedB. immersedC. oppressedD. cursedPart II Error Correction (5 points)Directions:In this section there are ten errors in the passages. Find the errors and correct them. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Scientists say the warming of the Earth’s atmospherehas begun to affect plant and animal life around the world.Scientists from the University of Hanover in Germany re-ported their finding in the publication Nature. They say 1. __________ global warming is affecting endangering species, sea life 2. __________ and the change in seasonal activities of organisms. Studiesshow that the Earth’s climate has warmed by aboutsix-tenth of one degree Celsius during the past one-hundred 3.___________ years. Most of increase has taken place in the last thirty 4.___________ years.The German scientists have studies different animaland plant populations around the world in the past thirtyyears. They say some species disappear because they can 5.___________ not move to new areas when their home climate gets toowarm. The scientists say one of the biggest sign of climate 6.___________ change has been the worldwide reduction in coral reefs(珊瑚礁). Rising temperatures in the world’s warm oceanwaters have caused coral to lose color and die. In the cold-est areas of the world, winter frozen periods are now hap- 7.___________ pening later and ending earlier. Researchers say thesechanges are having severe effects on animals such as pen-guins, seals and polar bears. Scientists are concerning about 8.___________ invasions of warm weather species into traditional colder 9.___________ areas. Rising temperatures have been linked with diseasesspreaded by mosquito insects in areas of Asia, East Africa 10.__________ and Latin America.Part III Reading comprehension (40 points)Section one (30 points)Directions: In this section there are two passages followed by multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on the answer sheet.Passage OneThe empty nest may not be such an unhappy place after all. Since the 1970s, relationship experts have popularized th e notion of “empty nest syndrome,” a time of depression and loss of purpose that plagues parents, especially mothers, when their children leave home. Dozens of Web sites and books have been created to help parents weather the transition.The new research, published in November in the journal Psychological Science, shows that marital satisfaction actually improves when the children finally take their exits. Indeed, one of the more uncomfortable findings of the scientific study of marriage is the negative effect children can have on previously happy relationships. Despite the popular notion that children bring couples closer, several studies have shown that marital satisfaction and happiness typically plummet with the arrival of the first baby.While having a child clearly makes parents happy, the financial and time constraints can add stress to a relationship. After the birth of a child, couples have only aboutone-third the time alone together as they had when they were childless, according to researchers from Ohio State. The arrival of children also puts a disproportionate burden of household duties on women, a common source of marital conflict. After children, housework increases three times as much for women as for men.After comparing the women’s marital happiness in their 40s, when many still had children at home; in their early 50s, when some had older children who had left home; and in their 60s, when virtually all had empty nests, researchers found that the empty nesters scored higher on marital happiness than women with children still at home at every point. The subjects claimed that they spent just as much time with their parents whether the children were living at home or had moved out, but the quality of that time was better. The findings from researchers on the empty nest show that parents need to work to carve out more stress-free time together. In the sample studied, it was only relationship satisfaction that improved when children left home.1. What can be inferred from the first paragraph?A. "Empty nest syndrome" is one obvious sign of diagnosing depression.B. Parents will equally suffer from the loss of their children.C. Mother will feel greatly lost when their children get married.D. Parents can get help or comfort from web sites and books.2. The word "weather" (Para. 1) may refer to _____.A. influenceB. endureC. escapeD. override3. According to the passage, why do parents have better relationships in the period of empty nest?A. Because they have free time to have a travel outside.B. Because they are free from taking care of their children.C. Because they will enjoy more privacy than ever before.D. Because they can shake away their family responsibility.4. Which of the following is not true about couples inferred from the passage?A. Couples have less marital happiness for the coming of the baby.B. Couples have to earn more money after having a baby to support familyC. Couples have more conflicts whether they should have a baby.D. Couples have to spend more time in taking care of their baby.5. This passage is mainly about ______.A．How women feel about their marital relationship.B．What causes the phenomenon of the empty nestC．How people deal with "empty nest syndrome"D．Why an empty nest brings parents closer togetherPassage TwoHappiness is contagious, researchers reported on Thursday. The same team that demonstrated obesity and smoking spread in networks has shown that the more happy people you know, the more likely you are yourself to be happy, and getting connected to happy people improves a person's own happiness.C hristakis’ research team, a group of political scientists at the university of California, have been using data from 4,700 children of volunteers in the Framingham heart study, a giant health study begun in Framingham, Massachusetts in 1948.They have been analyzing facts from tracking sheets dating back to 1971, following births, marriages, death, and divorces. V olunteers also listed contact information for their closest friends,co-workers, and neighbors.They assessed happiness using a simple, four-question test. People are asked how often during the past week: one, I enjoyed life; two, I was happy; three, I felt hopeful about the future; and four, I felt that I was just as good as other people. The 60 percent of people who scored highly on all four questions were rated as happy, while the rest were designated unhappy. People with the most social connections were also the happiest, the data showed.Each additional happy person makes you happier. Your happiness depends on what is going on around you. It is not just happy people connecting with happy people, which they do. Above and beyond, there is this contagious process going on.And they discovered happiness is more contagious than unhappiness. If a social contact is happy, it increases the likelihood that you are happy by 15%. A friend of a friend, or a friend of a spouse or a sibling, if they are happy, increase your chances by 10%. But every extra unhappy friend increases the likelihood that you'll be unhappy by 7%. The finding is interesting but useful on the other hand. Among other benefits, happiness has been shown to have an important effect on reduced mortality, pain reduction, and improved cardiac function. So better understanding of how happiness spreads can help us learn how to promote a healthier society. The study also fits in with other data that suggested that in 1984 having $ 5,000 extra increased a person's chances of becominghappier by about 2%. "A happy friend is worth about $ 20,000," Christakis said. His team also is examining the spread of depression, loneliness, and drinking behavior.6. The word "contagious" (Para. 1) in the passage probably means ________.A．stretchingB．relaxingC．extendingD．spreading7. Which of the following contagious behaviors is not examined by Christakis' research team?A．Getting fatB．GamblingC．DrinkingD．Smoking8. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Happiness is contagious because it's an emotional stampede.B. The finding is from an analysis of tracking sheets of 4,700 children volunteers.C. The 40 % of volunteers scored highly on all four questions.D. The more people a person knows, the happier he would be.9. Which of the following about the contagiousness of happiness is not true?A. Happy social connections will increase the possibility of one's happiness.B. Even unhappy friends will be influenced and become happy.C. People can benefit a lot from happiness on health.D. Money will increase a person's chance of having more social connections.10. What's the passage mainly about?A. How happiness functions among people.B. How happiness spread among people.C. How happiness is closely related to health.D. How Christakis researches happiness.Passage ThreeAfter Susan Joyce was laid off from Digital Equipment Corp. , she was horrified to hear of two suicides in her layoff group. Then she learned about a colleague who stabbed his wife to death and hung himself.These cases may sound extreme, but being fired or laid off is undeniably one of life' s biggest blows and can lead to clinical depression, violence and alcohol abuse, as well as strokes and heart attacks. Even the fear of losing a job produces more doctor visits and health worries. In short, the recent news about rising unemployment and job insecurity may be bad news for our health.Layoffs create a sense of hopelessness. Stress - related complaints such as insomnia and headaches tend to follow, lingering even after victims find new jobs, says University of Michigan psychologist Richard Price, who tracked more than 700 layoff victims for two years. Research based on 17 years of Pennsylvania unemployment records concluded that employees affected by a mass layoff at a plant were 15 percent more likely to die of any cause over the next two decades. Experts blame the cascade (大量倾泻) of misfortune that often follows after a layoff, including the loss of health insurance.Your health can suffer simply from fear of losing your job, says Sarah Burgard, a sociologist at the University of Michigan. She concluded that chronic job insecurity over atwo - year period rivals the anxiety of a job loss or a major illness. Even people who are not typically worriers report worse health when they believe their jobs are in danger. Fears of poor job prospects may have similar consequences.Economic stress may even show up in national public -health measures, although experts disagree about how to calculate those effects. Harvey Brenner, professor emeritus ([大学教师]退休后仍保留头衔的，荣誉退休的) at Johns Hopkins's Bloomberg School of Public Health and a professor of public health at the University of North Texas, argues that the 1 percentage point increase in unemployment since a year ago could have serious health repercussions (持续影响，反响) for the next two years. According to Brenner' s projections, there could be as many as 47,000 more deaths than would have otherwise occurred, including 1,200 more suicides, as well as nearly 26,000 more heart attacks. Should unemployment continue to rise, these numbers are likely to increase, too.Prepare financially by cutting costs and building up adversity funds. Get help if you or a loved one can't shake the blues. Watch for signs of depression: changes in eating and sleeping habits, significant changes in weight, loss of interest in sex or other pleasures. And, if possible, make health insurance a priority, as you may be more vulnerable to illness.11. According to the examples in the beginning of the passage, when suffering the life's biggest blows, one would do the following except______?A. commit suicideB. feel depressedC. help seekingD. weight change12. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Suicide becomes a common choice among layoff groups.B. Strokes and heart attacks are mainly caused by being fired or laid off.C. People afraid of losing their jobs would visit doctors more than usual.D. Long-time job insecurity is less than the anxiety of a job loss or a major illness.13. Economic stress shows up in national public-health measures, which probably means _____________.A. unemployment is closely related to the health repercussionB. the number of deaths due to working-related disease increasesC. bad economic situation will reduce people's health expenditureD. government will cut down the budget on public health to boom economy14. The following are the signs of depression the author mentions in the passage, except ____________.A. when one suddenly changes his eating habitsB. when one indulges himself in drinking and smokingC. when one keeps on losing weight in short timeD. when one gets bored about some pleasures15. This passage is mainly about _______.A. how to keep people away from depressionB. how death closely relate to unemploymentC. how to get out of the woe from unemploymentD. how to cope with the difficulties of layoffSection Two (10 points)Direction: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words on the Answer Sheet.No one really thrives in a wholly institutionalized (制度化的) environment or in a purely intellectual career. This truth might have been found long ago by observing babies, from whom much can be learned about human nature. The need is not a temporary one; it begins in infancy and continues throughout life. As the most materialistic science in the world, the science of medicine has been forced to admit that the human baby must be loved in order to live. He has fewer chances to survive in the sterilized (已灭菌的) ward than in a house full of germs. The baby needs personal affection more than anything else. He must be “mothered” by a mother who is all his own. A baby left without this is likely to die from sheer emotional starvation, or else grow up into a distorted (扭曲的) soul—a source of anxiety to everybody.The love impulse later undergoes an evolutionary growth, but it does not vanish. The baby is a creature that must be loved rather than a creature capable of loving. To develop this second ability, he needs to live in an atmosphere in which this mature kind of love is practiced. If his parents failed to chew, to walk or to speak, he would probably be backward in the acquisition of these arts. If his parents fail to furnish them with the example of love, he is desperately off. He may see the neighbors walk, and talk, and chew; but the subtle art of generous affection is usually demonstrated best before one’s own family.At the adult level, nobody can live wholly in a job. Too many persons are trying to do so. They can exist without intimate relationships and get along with the casual personal contacts of the job and the club. How much better if we admit our need of love and affection and then try to build up these relationships in the full light of self-knowledge? Personal attachments are necessary. Why call the world heartless if we have never looked for hearts in the only place where they occur—in the individual human bosom?Love means sacrifice, but it produces a well-balanced personality. The importance of love is demonstrated more by the disasters which follow up its absence than by the things which happen when it takes its normal place in life. As with many other vital necessities, we are scarcely conscious of its presence. But let it once cease, and the personality falls into disintegration. Love is not cheap, but we must choose to pay the cost, for life demands at least that much heroism from all of us.16. Why do people fail to thrive in a wholly institutionalized environment or in a purelyintellectual career?17. Is the need for love to survive temporary?18. If a baby were living in an environment without love, they would _______________.19. How can we help babies develop the ability to love others?20. The importance of love can be most felt when ______________________________.Part IV Writing (30 points)Direction:Samuel Ullman wrote in his essay, "Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind." How do you understand this? Please develop the topic into a three-paragraph essay on the ANSWER SHEET with at least 300 words.。
西安电子科技大学211翻译硕士英语
211 翻译硕士英语复习提纲一、考试目的《翻译硕士英语》作为全日制翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）入学考试的外国语考试，其目的是考查考生是否具备进行MTI学习所要求的外语水平。
二、考试性质与范围本考试是一种测试应试者单项和综合语言能力的尺度参照性水平考试。
考试范围包括MTI考生应具备的外语词汇量、语法知识以及外语阅读与写作等方面的技能。
三、考试总体要求1. 具有良好的外语基本功，认知词汇量在10，000以上，掌握6000个以上（以英语为例）的积极词汇，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。
2. 能熟练掌握正确的外语语法、结构、修辞等语言知识。
3．具有较强的阅读理解能力和外语写作能力。
四、考试形式本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方法。
各项试题的分布情况见“考试内容一览表”。
五、考试具体要求本考试总分100分。
I．词汇1）词汇量要求：考生的认知词汇量应在10,000以上，其中积极词汇量为6,000以上，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及搭配。
2）结构要求：考生能正确运用外语语法、结构、修辞等语言知识。
II. 阅读理解1）能读懂常见外刊上的专题文章、历史传记及文学作品等各种文体的文章，既能理解其主旨和大意，又能分辨出其中的事实与细节，并能理解其中的观点和隐含意义。
2）能根据阅读时间要求调整自己的阅读速度。
本部分题材广泛，体裁多样，选材体现时代性、实用性；重点考查通过阅读获取信息和理解观点的能力；对阅读速度有一定要求。
III．外语写作考生能根据所给题目及要求撰写一篇400词左右的记叙文、说明文或议论文。
该作文要求语言通顺，用词得体，结构合理，文体恰当。
2017考研大纲2017考研英语(二)大纲完整版
2017考研大纲：2017考研英语（二）大纲完整版2017英语考研大纲已出，下文是查查吧网站整理的英语二考研大纲完整版原文，广大考生可参考。
I. 考试性质英语(二)考试主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目。
其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。
II .考查内容考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：(一)语言知识1. 语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识，其中包括：(1)名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法;(2)动词时态、语态的构成及其用法;(3)形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法;(4)常用连接词的词义及其用法;(5)非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)的构成及其用法;(6)虚拟语气的构成及其用法;(7)各类从句(定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等)及强调句型的结构及其用法;(8)倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法。
2. 词汇考生应能较熟练地掌握5 500个左右常用英语词汇以及相关常用词组(详见附录相关部分)。
考生应能根据具体语境、句子结构或上下文理解一些非常用词的词义。
(二)语言技能1. 阅读考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的文字材料。
题材包括经济、管理、社会、文化、科普等，体裁包括说明文、议论文和记叙文等。
根据阅读材料，考生应能：(1)理解主旨要义;(2)理解文中的具体信息;(3)理解语篇的结构和上下文的逻辑关系;(4)根据上下文推断重要生词或词组的含义;(5)进行一定的判断和推理;(6)理解作者的意图、观点或态度。
2. 写作考生应能根据所给的提纲、情景或要求完成相应的短文写作。
短文应中心思想明确、切中题意、结构清晰、条理清楚、用词恰当、无明显语言错误。
III. 考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构(一)考试形式考试形式为笔试。
翻硕考试大纲
翻硕考试大纲摘要：一、前言二、考试性质三、考试目标四、考试内容1.词汇语法2.阅读理解3.写作4.翻译五、考试形式与时间六、考试样题及参考答案正文：【前言】为了选拔优秀的高级翻译人才，我国设立了翻硕考试。
本文将详细介绍翻硕考试的大纲，帮助考生了解考试内容、形式和要求。
【考试性质】翻硕考试，全称为翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试，旨在选拔具备一定翻译实践经验、较好翻译理论素养和较强跨文化交际能力的人才。
考试分为初试和复试两个阶段，初试合格后方可参加复试。
【考试目标】翻硕考试的目标是测试考生的基本翻译能力、综合语言运用能力和跨文化交际能力，选拔具备翻译硕士研究生培养潜质的优秀考生。
【考试内容】翻硕考试包括四个方面的内容：词汇语法、阅读理解、写作和翻译。
【词汇语法】词汇语法部分主要测试考生的词汇、语法和表达能力。
题型包括选择题、填空题等。
【阅读理解】阅读理解部分主要测试考生的英语阅读能力。
题型包括事实细节题、推理判断题、猜测词义题等。
【写作】写作部分主要测试考生的英语书面表达能力。
题型包括应用文写作、短文写作等。
【翻译】翻译部分主要测试考生的中英互译能力。
题型包括英译汉、汉译英等。
【考试形式与时间】翻硕考试采用笔试形式，初试和复试的时间分别为一天和一天半。
具体时间安排以各招生单位公布的时间为准。
【考试样题及参考答案】考试样题可在招生单位官方网站或相关部门发布的考试指南中查阅。
考生可通过练习样题，了解考试题型、难度和考察重点，提高应试能力。
211 357 448翻译硕士 大纲
全日制翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）研究生入学考试考试总纲总则全国翻译硕士专业学位教育指导委员会在《全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生指导性培养方案》（见学位办[2009]23号文）中指出，MTI教育的目标是培养高层次、应用型、专业性口笔译人才。
MTI教育重视实践环节，强调翻译实践能力的培养。
全日制MTI的招生对象为具有国民教育序列大学本科学历（或本科同等学力）人员，具有良好的双语基础。
根据《全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生指导性培养方案》以及教学司[2009]22号文件精神，现制定全日制翻译硕士专业学位研究生入学考试大纲。
.一、考试目的本考试旨在全面考察考生的双语（外语、母语）综合能力及双语翻译能力，招生院校根据考生参加本考试的成绩和《政治理论》的成绩总分（满分共计500分），参考全国统一录取分数线来选择参加复试的考生。
二、考试的性质与范围本考试是全国翻译硕士专业学位研究生的入学资格考试，除全国统考分值100分的第一单元《政治理论》之外，专业考试分为三门，分别是第二单元外国语考试《翻译硕士X语》（含英语、法语、日语、俄语、韩语、德语等语种），第三单元基础课考试《X语翻译基础》（含英汉、法汉、日汉、俄汉、韩汉、德汉等语对）以及第四单元专业基础课考试《汉语写作与百科知识》。
《翻译硕士X语》重点考察考生的外语水平，总分100分，《X语翻译基础》重点考察考生的外汉互译专业技能和潜质，总分150分，《汉语写作和百科知识》重点考察考生的现代汉语写作水平和百科知识，总分150分。
（考试科目名称及代码参见教学司[2009]22号文件）三、考试基本要求1. 具有良好的外语基本功，掌握6000个以上的选考外语积极词汇。
2. 具有较好的双语表达和转换能力及潜质。
3. 具备一定的中外文化以及政治、经济、法律等方面的背景知识。
对作为母语（A语言）的现代汉语有较强的写作能力。
四、考试时间与命题每年1月份举行，与全国硕士研究生入学考试同步进行。
青岛大学2017年211翻译硕士英语
青岛⼤学2017年211翻译硕⼠英语青岛⼤学 2017 年翻译专业硕⼠研究⽣⼊学试题科⽬代码：211 科⽬名称：翻译硕⼠英语（共 9 页）请写明题号，将答案全部写在答题纸上，答在试卷上⽆效PI GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY (20 Points)There are twenty sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one word or phrase that best completes each sentence.1.?he issue of e-commerce did not any detailed discussions at theconference.. take delight in B. give rise toC. give way toD. take advantage of2.Bing aware of the potential objections, they launched a reform at thebeginning stage.. humble B. modest C. timid D. middle3.Fingerprints form an unchangeable despite changes in the individual’sappearance or age.. mark B. sign C. remark D. signature4.It is illegal in some countries that children unattended at home.. be left B. left C. are leaving D. being left5.?new material , we have good reason to be optimistic.. developed B. being developedC. was being developedD. was developed6.I think much attention your pronunciation.. must be paid to B. ought to be paid toC. must pay toD. should be paid to7.Hurry up, or the tickets out by the time we get there.. will have sold B. will sellC. have soldD. will have been sold18.Nothing helps success more than what you are doing.. know B. to know C. be known to D. knowing9.Because of my ?ussian, I cannot make myself .. broken; understood B. broken; understandC. break; understoodD. breaking; understanding10.It is better to die on one’s feet than .. live on one’s knees B. living one’s kneesC. on one’s kneesD. to live on one’s knees11.In the Christian religion, the lucky number 13 back to the Last Supper.. tracks B. traces C. dates D. tails12.When we are reading, the important thing is to the essential meaning, not to learn every single word.. clasp B. grab C. grasp D. grapple13.He applied for a (n) position in a company.. empty B. vacant C. vacuum D. margin14.?he Channel ?unnel is one of the biggest engineering projects ever . . understated B. undertaken C. undergone D. underneath15.Water enters into a great variety of chemical reactions, have been mentioned in previous pages.. a few of it B. a few of that C. a few of them D. a few of which16.?hey will have you if you don’t pay your taxes.. to be arrested B. arrest C. arrested D. being arrested17.Small boys are questioners. ?hey ask questions all the time.. original B. imaginative C. peculiar D. persistent18.Some people avoid questions of right and wrong or remain neutral about them.. violently B. enthusiastically C. sincerely D. deliberately19.Despite their good service, most inns are less costly than hotels of standards.. equivalent B. alike C. uniform D. likely220.Do you agree with the saying that the monkey was the of the human race?. offspring B. successor C. breeder D. predecessorPII CLOZE TEST (20 Points)Directions: In this section, you are to read a passage with 15 blanks and fillin the blanks with words or phrases given. Choose one suitable word orphrase marked A, B, C and D for each blank.One of the most popular literary 1 in ?merican literature is a womanwho spent almost half of her long life in China. In her lifetime she 2 themost highly acclaimed literary award in the United States: the Pulitzer Prize,and also the most prestigious form of literary 3 in the world, the NobelPrize 4 Literature.Pearl S. Buck was almost a 5 word throughout much of her lifetimebecause of her prolific literary 6, which consisted 7 of some works, including several dozen novels, 6 collections of short stories, 14 books for children, and more than a dozen works of nonfiction. When she was 80 yearsold, some 25 volumes were 8 publication. Many of those books were 9 China, the land in which she spent so much of her life. Her books and her life10 as a bridge between the cultures of the East and the West.s the 11 of those two cultures she became, as she 12 herself, “mentally bi focal (双焦点的).” Her unique 13 made her into an unusually14 and versatile human being. ? s we examine the life of Pearl Buck, we cannot help but be 15 that we are in fact 16 three separate people: a wife and mother, an internationally famous writer and a humanitarian and philanthropist(慈善家 ).One cannot really get to know Pearl Buck without learning 17 each of the three. ?hough 18 in her lifetime with even the Nobel and Pulitzer prizes, Pearl Buck as a19 human being, not only a famous author, is a captivating(迷⼈的)20 of study.1. ? . figures B. persons C. people D. writers2. ? . obtained B. achieved C. resulted D. earned33.?. achievement B. recognition C. contribution D. creation4.?. for B. to C. in D. one5.?. familiarized B. recognizable C. mysterious D. household6.?. output B. conception C. invention D. productivity7.?. publishing B. published C. publicity D. publicized8.?. waiting B. waited for C. awaited for D. awaiting9.?. set in B. set aside C. set up D. set off10.?. acted B. served C. provided D. supplied11.?. outcome B. mixture C. product D. combination12.?. called B. named C. termed D. described13.?. history B. background C. setting D. childhood14.?. interested B. interest C. interesting D. disinterest15.?. aware B. conscious C. mindful D. responsive16.?. dealing B. meeting C. analyzing D. distinguishing17.?. from B. of C. about D. on18.?. honor B. honorable C. honoring D. honored19. ?. comprehensive B. total C. complete D. genuine20. ?. topic B. area C. theme D. subjectPIII READING COMPREHENSION (20 Points)Directions: In this sections there are two reading passages followed by a total of 10 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then write you answers on your answer sheet.Passage OneIn the 1962 movie Lawrence of ? rabia, one scene shows an ? merican newspaper reporter eagerly snapping photos of men looting (掠夺) a sabotaged train. One of the looters, Chief ? uda abu ?ayi of the Howeitat clan, suddenly notices the camera a n d snatches it. “ ?m I in this?” he asks, before smashing it open. ?o the dismayed reporter, Lawrence explains, “He thinks these things will steal his virtue. He thinks you’re a kind of thief.”s soon as colonizers and explorers began taking cameras into distant lands, stories4began circulating about how indigenous peoples saw them as tools for black magic. ?he “ignorant natives” may have had a point. When photography first became available, scientists welcomed it as a more objective way of recording faraway societies than early travelers' exaggerated accounts. But in some ways, anthropological photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares back. Up into the 1950s and 1960s, many ethnographers(⼈种学者) sought “pure” pictures of “primitive” cultures, routinely deleting modern accoutrements such as clocks and Western dress. ? hey paid men and women to re-enact rituals or to pose as members of war or hunting parties, often with little regard for veracity. Edward Curtis, the legendary photographer of North ? merican Indians, for example, got one Makah man to pose as a whaler with a spear in1915--even though the Makah had not hunted whales in a generation.hese photographs reinforced widely accepted stereotypes that indigenous cultures were isolated, primitive, and unchanging. For instance, National Geographic magazine's photographs have taught millions of ? mericans about other cultures. ? s Catherine Lutz and Jane Collins point out in their 1993 book ?eading National Geographic, the magazine since its founding in 1888 has kept a tradition of presenting beautiful photos that don’t challenge white, middle-class ?merican conventions. While dark-skinned women can be shown without tops, for example, white women’s breasts are taboo. Photos that could unsettle or disturb, such as areas of the world torn asunder by war or famine, are discarded in favor of those that reassure, to conform with the society’s stated pledge to present only “kindly” visions of foreign societies. ?he result, Lutz and Collins say, is the depiction of “an idealized and exotic world relatively free of pain or class conflict.”Lutz actually likes National Geographic a lot. She read the magazine as a child, and its lush imagery influenced her eventual choice of anthropology as a career. She just thinks that as people look at the photographs of other cultures, they should be alert to the choice of composition and images.1.?he main idea of the passage is .. Photographs taken by Western explorers reflect more Westerners’ perception of5the indigenous cultures and the Western values.B.?here is a complicated relationship between the Western explorers and theprimitive peoples.C.Popular magazines such as National Geographic should show pictures of theexotic and idealized worlds to maintain high sales.D.?nthropologists ask the natives to pose for their pictures, compromising thetruthfulness of their pictures.2.We can infer from the passage that early travelers to the native lands often.. took pictures with the nativesB.gave exaggerated accounts of the native landsC.ask for pictures from the nativesD.gave the natives clocks and Western dresses3.?he author mentions the movie Lawrence of ?rabia to .. show how people in the indigenous societies are portrayed by Westerners.B.illustrate how people from primitive societies see cameras as tools of blackmagic that steal their virtues.C.show how anthropologists portray untruthful pictures of native people.D.show the cruel and barbarian side of the native people.4.“But in some ways, anthropological photographs reveal more about the culturethat holds the camera than the one that stares back.” In this sentence, the “one (culture) that stares back”refers to .. the indigenous cultureB.the Western cultureC.the academic cultureD.the news business culture5.With which of the following statements would Catheroine Lutz most probablyagree?. eporters from the Western societies should routinely delete modernelements in pictures taken of the indigenous societies.6B.?he primitive cultures are inferior to the more advanced Western c ulture.C.?he western media are not presenting a realistic picture of the farawaysocieties.D.People in the Western news business should try not to challenge the well-established white middle-class values.Passage Twohe entertainment profession, or “show business”, attracts many young people. Unfortunately, only very few can hope to become famous and successful. ?alent is not enough, because show business is as competitive as any other business. Without a good manager, the performer can never hope to succeed. Fashion is important in this business, too. ?he best tailor in the world will never be a success if he makes old-fashioned clothes. In exactly the same way, a performer must change his “act” in order to follow the taste of the moment. ?his is true for actors, dancers and comedians, but perhaps most of all for singers.“Pop” stands for “popular”, and a pop singer has to work very hard to become popular. He must either give the public what they already want or he must find a new way of singing that will attract their attention. Even when he has succeeded, his records are sold everywhere, he cannot relax. ?hen he must work harder than ever to stay popular, because there are always younger singers trying to become famous and to steal some of the popularity.he life of a successful pop singer is not all easy. He can only relax when he is alone, because everything he does is watched and reported in the special newspaper written for the “fans”. ?he fans are the most important people in the world for the singer. ?hey buy his records, they go to his concerts, and they make him rich and famous. But they can be very annoying, too. Sometimes their enthusiasm goes out of control that they do anything to get something from you for memory. ?hey steal handkerchiefs, they tear off buttons, and they even cut off piece of the unfortunate singer’s hair. Many singers have been stripped practically naked by their fans. ? pop singer has to spend a lot of money on clothes, because he must always look smart, or, at any rate, different. He must have a luxurious car. ?nd –most important –he must7always keep smiling for the benefit of his public.6.In order to become a successful performer in show business, one must have.. good appearance B. a lot of moneyC. good chanceD. talent, fashion and a good manner7.?he example of “the tailor” is cited here to explain that .. clothes that the tailor made is vital to performers’ successB.performers have to change their performances to be popularC.performers should do the same thing as a tailor doesD.performers can never succeed without the tailor8.When a pop singer has become famous, he must work hard to .. attract the public B. remain popularC. sell more recordsD. earn more money9.It can be inferred that the fans’ over-enthusiastic b ehaviors sometimes .. express their dislike for the singersB.make the singers more popularC.show their likes and respect for the singersD.make the singers feel embarrassed10.From the last paragraph we know that a pop singer .. can relax only after he is successfulB.must pay much attention to his clothesC.can enjoy his life at willD.is often annoyed by his fansPIV TRANSLATION (20 Points)Translate the following passage into proper Chinese.ranslators will always use bilingual dictionaries alongside other reference material, and therefore need to be aware of the limitations as well as the strengths of the bilingual dictionaries; they must know their way around them and how to use themefficiently, and need to keep them up to date. I believe, however, that in the training translators receive, learning to “release words from the unconscious memory hold” plays a crucial part; as linguists, we have a capital of words, collocations and phrases8that is often much larger and richer than we give ourselves credit for, and bilingual dictionaries need to be approached as tools in helping us to exploit this resource rather than as replacements for it. ?here could also be instances when the bilingual di ctionary may not be the translator’s best friend and “intelligent guessing” may be a complementary or even an alternative, and better strategy.PV WRITING (20 Points)Write an essay of about 200 words on the following topic:Electronic Dictionaries or Traditional Paper Ones?You are to write in three parts:In the first part, state specifically what your opinion is.In the second part, support your opinion with one or two reasons.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.9。
2017年空军工程大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题
空军工程大学2017年硕士研究生入学试题考试科目：翻译硕士英语（A卷）科目代码211 说明：答题时必须答在配发的空白答题纸上，答题可不抄题，但必须写清题号，写在试题上不给分; 考生不得在试题及试卷上做任何其它标记，否则试卷作废；试题必须同试卷一起交回。
PART I MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS [20 POINTS] SECTION A GRAMMARDirections: Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.1. Fool _______Helen is, she could not have done such a thing.[A] who [B] as [C]that [D] like2. _____ time, John will make a first-class tennis player.[A] Having [B] Given [C] Giving [D] Had3. Intellect is to the mind _______sight is to the body.[A] what [B] as [C]that [D]like4. After ____ seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnelmanager’s office.[A] that [B]there [C] what [D]it5. _____ your timely advice, I would never have known how to go about the work.[A]Unless [B] But for [C] Except for [D] Not for6. Sam is______ hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam.[A] no less [B]no more [C]not less [D] no so7. _____for the fact that she broke her leg, Mary might have passed the exam.[A] Had it not been [B] Hadn’t it been [C] Was it not [D] Were it not8. It is futile to discuss the matter further, because ____ going to agree uponanything today.[A]neither you nor I are [B] neither you nor me is[C]neither you nor I am [D] neither me nor you are9. Her strong sense of humor was _______make everyone in the room burst out laughing.[A] so as to [B] such as to [C]so that [D]. such that10. _______at in this way, the present economic situation doesn’t seem so gloomy.[A]Looking [B] Looked [C] Having looked [D] To look11. Acute hearing helps most animals sense the approach of thunderstorms longbefore people _____.[A]do [B] hear [C]do them [D]hearing it12. The meeting was put off because we __________ a meeting without Peter.[A]objected having [B] were objected to having[C]objected to have [D] objected to having13. The oceans ______ divide the world__________ unite it.[A]not…as [B] / …/[C] do not so much … as [D] do so much…than14. Time is what we want most, but what, alas, many use ____________.[A]it [B] worse [C] wisely [D] flexibly15. It is absolutely essential that John ____ his study in spite of some learningdifficulties.[A]will continue [B] continued [C] continue [D] continues SECTION B VACABULARYDirections: There are four words or phrases beneath each sentence. Choose the ONE word or phrase which would best keep the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined part. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.16.The official promised to be candid, but we wondered.[A]discreet [B] open and frank [C]casual [D] sweet17. Betty advised me to label our luggage carefully in case it gets misplaced intransit.[A]misuse [B]mishandled [C]mistaken [D]mislaid18. His miscellaneous expenses include stamps and haircuts.[A]daily [B] many different [C] additional [D]annual19. In winter, many homeless vagabonds prefer to live in prison rather than to live inthe open.[A]children [B]wanders [C]criminals [D]tramps20. Because the details of the project were rather hazy, they decided to reject theproposal.[A]dubious [B] unobtainable [C] lucrative [D] vague21.The police decided to make every effort to capture the fiend who murdered thechildren.[A]foolish person [B] wicked person[C]hot-headed person [D] suspected person22. His father refused to see anyone and remained a hermit all his life.[A]heretic [B]fugitive [C]recluse [D] veteran23.They found a hamlet in the deep forest with only ten families.[A]an empty space [B]a cottage [C]a small village [D] a tribe24. Does he love his wealthy mother or only pretend for mercenary reasons?[A]personal [B]purely unexplained [C]instinct [D] selfish25. People who live in crowded cities often experience breathing problems duringthe summer when high temperature combined with hoary polluted air.[A]drab [B] stagnant [C]lurid [D]greyish white26. We are at a critical important point in terms of his domestic program.[A]jig [B]martin [C]martini [D] juncture27. If he wins this race, it will make up his recent string of defeats.[A]ameliorate [B] atone [C]asperse [D] ascertain28. Health inspectors criticized severely the kitchen staff for poor standards ofcleanliness.[A]castigated [B]capitulated [C]corroded [D] debilitated29. She was seized the cramps while swimming.[A]sharks [B]swift currents [C]storms [D] sharp pains30. He is one of the young lady's fervent admirers.[A] ardent [B] young [C] first [D] unseenPART II Close Text [10 POINTS] Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on your ANSWER SHEET.The human nose is an underrated tool. Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals, 41 this is largely because, 42 animals, we stand upright. This means that our noses are 43 to perceiving those smells which float through the air, 44 the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. In fact, 45 , we are extremely sensitive to smells, 46 we do not generally realize it. Our noses are capable of 47 human smells even when these are 48 to far below one part in one million.Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another, 49 others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 50 smell receptors in the nose. These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 51 to the brain. However, it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 52 can suddenly become sensitive to it when 53 to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it 54 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 55 new receptors if necessary. This may 56 explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells—we simply do not need to be. We are not 57 of the usual smell of our own house, but we 58 new smells when we visitsomeone else’s. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 59 for unfamiliar and emergency signals 60 the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.41. [A] but [B] as [C] although [D] while42. [A] besides [B] unlike [C] excluding [D] above43. [A] confined [B] committed [C] dedicated [D] limited44. [A] catching [B] tracking [C] missing [D] ignoring45. [A] anyway [B] though [C] instead [D] therefore46. [A] even if [B] if only [C] only if [D] as if47. [A] determining [B] discovering [C] distinguishing [D] detecting48. [A] diluted [B] dissolved [C] dispersed [D] diffused49. [A] when [B] since [C] for [D] whereas50. [A] unique [B] particular [C] unusual [D] typical51. [A] messages [B] stimuli [C] signs [D] impulses52. [A] at first [B] at all [C] at large [D] at times53. [A] subjected [B] left [C] drawn [D] exposed54. [A] ineffective [B] incompetent [C] inefficient [D] insufficient55. [A] introduce [B] summon [C] trigger [D] create56. [A] still [B] also [C] otherwise [D] nevertheless57. [A] sure [B] stick [C] aware [D] tired58. [A] tolerate [B] repel [C] neglect [D] notice59. [A] suitable [B] reliable [C] identifiable [D] available60. [A] aside from [B] such as [C] along with [D] similar to PART III PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION [10 POINTS] Directions: The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correctone in the blank provided at the end of the line. For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a“∧” sign and write the word you believe to bemissing in the blank provided at the end of theline.For an unnecessary word, cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/”and put the word in the blank provided at theend of the line.EXAMPLEWhen ∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) an it never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) never them on the wall. When a natural historymuseum wants an exhibition, it must often build (3)exhibitit.Recently, a possible alternative way of producing paper has been suggested by agriculturalists and environmentalists: a plant called hemp.Hemp has been cultivated by many cultures for thousandsof years. It produces fiber which can be made paper, fuel, oils, textiles, food, and rope. For many centuries, it was essential to the economies of many countries because it used to make the ropes and cables used on sailing ships; colonial expansion and the establishment of a world-wide trading network would have been possible without hemp. Nowadays, ships’ cables are usually made from wire or synthetic fibers, and scientists are now suggesting that the cultivation of hemp should be revived for the production of paper and pulp. According to its proponents, four times as that much paper can be produced from land, using hemp rather than trees.However, there is a problem: hemp is illegal in many countries of the world. This plant, so useful for fiber, rope, oil, fuel and textiles, is species of cannabis, related to the plant which marijuana is produced. In the late 1930s, a movement to ban the drug marijuana began to gather force, resulted in the eventual banning of the cultivation not only of the plant used to producing the drug, but also of the commercial fiber-producing 61. __________62. __________63. __________64. __________65. __________66. __________67. __________68. __________69. __________70. __________ hemp plant—despite the fact marijuana cannot be producedfrom the hemp plant, since it contains almost no THC (theactive ingredient in the drug).PART IV READING COMPREHENSION [30 POINTS] Directions: In this part there are four reading passages followed by a total of twenty multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on the answer sheet.TEXT A (5 points)During the 1970’s and 1980’s political extremism and terrorism frequently focused on “national liberation” and economic issues. The collapse of the Soviet bloc, and the ending of its covert funding and encouragement of terrorism led to a decline in the militant and violent left-wing terrorist groups that was a feature of the age.The 1990s have seen the development of a “new terrorism”. This is not to say that state-backed terrorism has ceased, but rather that the spectrum of terrorism has widened. The new terrorism may seek out military or government targets, but it also seeks out symbolic civilian targets, and the victims have mostly been innocent civilians.Growing concern about this new terrorism has been paralleled by concern about the employment of the new information and communication technologies (ICTs).ICTs offer a new dimension for political extremists and terrorists. They allow the diffusion of command and control; they allow boundless new opportunities forcommunication, and they allow the players to target the information stores, processes and communications of their opponents. The sophistication of the modern nation-state, and its dependency on computer-based ICTs, make the state ever more vulnerable.The use of ICTs to influence, disrupt or damage a nation, its institutions or population by influencing the media, or by subversion, has been called “netwar”. The full range of weapons in the cyberspace armory can be employed in netwar; from propaganda campaigns at one level to interference with databases and networks at the other. What particularly distinguishes netwar from other forms of war is that it targets information and communications, and may be used to alter thinking or disrupt planned actions. In this sense it can be distinguished from earlier forms of warfare — economic wars that target the means of production, and political wars that target leadership and government.Netwar is therefore of particular interest to those engaged in non-military war, or those operating at sub-state level. Clearly nation-states might also consider it as an adjunct to military war or as an option prior to moving on to military war. So far, however, it appears to be of greater interest to extremist advocacy groups and terrorists. Because there are no physical limits or boundaries, netwar has been adopted by groups who operate across great distances or transnationally. The growth of such groups, and their growing powers in relation to those of nation states, suggests an evolving power-based relationship for both. Military strategist Martin Van Creveld has suggested that war in the future is more likely to be waged between such groups and states rather than between states and states.Most modern adversaries of nation states in the realm of low intensity conflict, such as international terrorists, single-issue extremists and ethnic and religious extremists are organized in networks, although their leadership may sometimes be hierarchical. Law enforcement and security agencies therefore often have difficulty in engaging in low intensity conflict against such networks because they are ill suited to do so. Their doctrine, training and modus(形式) of operation have, all too often, been predicated on combating a hierarchy of command, like their own.Only now are low-intensity conflict and terrorism recognized as “strategic” threats to nation-states, and countries which until very recently thought that terrorism was something that happened elsewhere, have become victims themselves.The Tokyo subway attacked by the Aum Shinriko and the Oklahoma City bombing would have been unthinkable a generation ago, and not only was the civil population unprepared, but also law enforcement. And this despite clear warning signs that such attacks were in the offing.The potential for physical conflict to be replaced by attacks on information infrastructures has caused states to rethink their concepts of warfare, threats and national assets, at a time when information is recognized as a national asset. The adoption of new information technologies and the use of new communication media, such as the Internet, create vulnerabilities that can be exploited by individuals, organizations and state.71. Which of the following is a major feature of the new terrorism?[A] It obtains financial support from foreign powers[B] It focuses on military targets of the enemy states.[C] It tends to be organized in a hierarchical manner[D] It may choose important civilian targets to attack.72. Netwar should be understood as a war aimed at __________.[A] disrupting the enemy’s communication systems[B] damaging the institutions of the enemy state[C] manipulating the enemy’s means of production[D] destroying the leadership of the enemy state73. We can infer from the passage that ___________.[A] traditional terrorism was mainly driven by religious fervor[B] ideological differences will continue to be a cause of terrorism[C] attacks from small terrorist groups will increasing[D] the high-tech weapons will greatly facilitate terrorist attacks74. The best title of the passage is ____________.[A] ICT: A New Weapon for Terrorism[B] Netwar: An unfamiliar Form of Warfare[C] Internet: A Vulnerable Target of Extremists[D] “New Terrorism”: A Real Threat to the World75. The main difficulty the police have in combating terrorist groups is _________.[A] their poor equipment[B] the insufficiency of budget[C] the police’s obsolete(陈旧的) way of command[D] the transnational nature of the new terrorismTEXT B (10 points)If you want to stay young, sit down and have a good think. This is the research finding of a team of Japanese doctors, who say that most of our brains are not getting enough exercises and as a result, we are ageing unnecessarily soon.Professor Taiju Matsuzawa wanted to find out why otherwise healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could be slowed down.With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.Computer technology enabled the researchers to obtain precise measurements of the volume of the front and side sections of the brain, which relate to intellect and emotion, and determine the human character. (The rear section of the brain, which controls functions like eating and breathing, does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties.)Contraction of front and side parts as cells die off was observed in some subjects in their thirties, but it was still not evident in some sixty-and seventy-year-olds.Matsuzawa concluded from his tests that there is a simple remedy to the contraction normally associated with age—using the head.The findings show in general terms that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns. Those least at risk, says Matsuzawa, are lawyers, followed by university professors and doctors. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brainsas the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant.Matsuzawa's findings show that thinking can prevent the brain from shrinking. Blood must circulate properly in the head to supply the fresh oxygen the brain cells need. “The best way to maintain good blood circulation is through using the brain," he says, “Think hard and engage in conversation. Don’t rely on pocket calculator."76. The team of doctors wanted to find out[A] why certain people age sooner than others.[B] how to make people live longer.[C] the size of certain people's brains.[D] which people are most intelligent.77. On what are their research findings based?[A] A survey of farmers in northern Japan.[B] Tests performed on a thousand old people.[C] The study of brain volumes of different people.[D] The latest development of computer technology.78. The doctor's tests show that[A] our brains shrink as we grow older[B] the front section of the brain does not shrink.[C]sixty-year-olds have better brains than thirty-year-olds.[D]some people's brains have contracted more than other people's79. The word “subjects" in Paragraph 5 means[A] something to be considered.[B] branches of knowledge studied.[C] persons chosen to be studied in an experiment.[D] any member of a state except the supreme ruler.80. According to the passage, which people seem to age slower than the others?[A] Lawyers. [B] Farmers. [C] Clerks. [D] Shop assistants. TEXT C (5 points)Harry Houdini, who died in 1927, was the entertainment phenomenon of the ragtime era. He could escape from chains and padlocks, from ropes and canvas sacks. They put him in a strait-jacket and hung him upside down from a skyscraper and he somehow untied himself. They tied him up in a locked packing case and sank him in Liverpool docks. Minutes later he surfaced smiling. They locked him in a zinc-lined Russian prison van and he emerged leaving the doors locked and the locks undamaged. They padlocked him in a milk churn(搅乳器) full of water and he burst free. They put him in a coffin, screwed down the lid, and buried him and…, well, no, he didn’t pop up like a mole, but when they dug him up more than half an hour later, he was still breathing.Houdini would usually allow his equipment to be examined by the audience. The chains, locks and packing cases all seemed perfectly genuine, so it was tempting to conclude that he possessed superhuman powers. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes was the very paragon(模范) of analytical thinking but Conan Doyle believed that Houdini achieved his tricks through spiritualism. Indeed, he wrote to the escapologist(表演脱身术的人) imploring him to use his psychic powers more profitably for the common good instead of just prostituting his talent every night at the Alhambra. However, Houdini repeatedly denounced spiritualismand disclaimed any psychic element to his act.The alternative explanation for his feats of escapism was that Houdini could do unnatural things with his body. It widely held that he could dislocate his shoulders to escape from strait-jackets, and that he could somehow contract his wrists in order to escape from handcuffs. His ability to spend long periods in confined spaces is cited as evidence that he could put his body into suspended animation, as Indian fakirs are supposed to do.This is all nonsense. If you ever find yourself in a strait-jacket, it’s difficult to imagine anything less helpful than a dislocated shoulder. Contracting your wrists is not only unhelpful but, frankly, impossible because the bones of your wrist are very tightly packed together and the whole structure is virtually incompressible. As for suspended animation, the trick of surviving burial and drowning relies on the fact that you can live for short periods on the air in a confined space. The air shifted by an average person in a day would occupy a cube just eight feet square. The build-up of carbon monoxide tends to pollute this supply, but, if you can relax, the air in a coffin should keep you going for half an hour or so.In other word, there was nothing physically remarkable about Houdini except for his bravery, dexterity(灵巧) and fitness. His nerve was so cool that he could remain in a coffin six feet underground until they came to dig him up. His fingers were so strong that he could undo a buckle or manipulate keys through the canvas of a strait-jacket or a mail bag. He made a comprehensive study of locks and was able to conceal lock-picks about his person in a way which fooled even the doctors who examined him. When they locked him in the prison van he still had a hacksaw(钢锯)blade with which to saw through the joins in the metal lining and get access to the planks of the floor. As an entertainer he combined all this strength and ingenuity with a lot of trickery. His stage escapes took place behind a curtain with an orchestra playing to disguise the banging and sawing. The milk churn in which he was locked had a double lining so that, while the lid was locked onto the rim, the rim was not actually attached to the churn. Houdini merely had to stand up to get out. The mail sack he cut open at the seam and sewed up with similar thread. The bank safe from which he emerged had been secretly worked on by his mechanics for 24 hours before the performance.All Houdini’s feats are eminently explicable, although to explain them, even now, is a kind of heresy. Houdini belongs to that band of mythical supermen who, we like to believe, were capable of miracles and would still be alive today were it not for some piece of low trickery. It’s said of Houdini that a punch in his belly when he wasn’t prepared for it caused his burst appendix. Anatomically(在解剖学上), it’s virtually impossible that a punch could puncture your gut, but the story endures. Somehow the myth of the superman has an even greater appeal than the edifice of twenty-first century logic.81. In the first paragraph, what does the writer say Houdini managed to do?[A]. Jump upside down from a skyscraper.[B]. Safely escape from a submerged box.[C]. Break the locks of a prison van from inside.[D]. Escape from a buried coffin unhurt.82. The writer mentions Houdini’s burial alive to show that _________.[A]. his tricks sometimes went disastrously wrong.[B]. he was not always able to do what he claimed he could[C]. he was capable of extraordinary feats of survival[D]. his fear of confined spaces could readily be overcome83. The writer suggests that Conan Doyle __________.[A]. was less analytical about Houdini than one might have expected[B]. asked Houdini if he could include him in a Sherlock Holmes story[C]. felt that Houdini could make more money in other ways[D]. thought there were scientific explanations for Houdini’s feats84. The writer comes to the conclusion that Houdini __________.[A]. had an unusual bone structure[B]. could make parts of his body smaller[C]. could make himself fall asleep easily[D]. was not physically abnormal85. It appears that Houdini was able to escape from a strait-jacket by __________.[A]. hiding a lock-pick in his pocket[B]. undoing its buckles with his fingers[C]. cutting the canvas with a hacksaw[D]. using a blade he had concealedTEXT D (10 points)Austin Texas — The exasperated helpline caller said she couldn’t get her new Dell Computer to turn on. A Dell Computer Corp technician made sure the computer was plugged in and then asked the woman what happened when shepushed the power button. “I’ve pushed and pushed on this foot pedal and nothing happens,” the woman replied. “Foot pedal?” the technician asked. “Yes,” the woman said, “this little white foot pedal with the on switch.” The “foot pedal”, it turned out, was the computer’s mouse, a hand-operated device that helps to control the computer’s operations.Personal computer makers are discovering that it’s still a low-tech world out there. While they are finally having great success selling PCs to households, they now have to deal with people to whom monitors and disk drivers are as foreign as another language.“It is rather mystifying to get this nice, beautiful machine and not know anything about it,” says a technician who helps field consumer calls at Dell’s headquarters here. “It’s going into unfamiliar territory. People are looking for a comfort level.”Only two years ago, most calls to PC help lines came from techniques needing help on complex problems. But now, with computer sales to homes exploding as new “multimedia” functions gain mass appeal, PC makers say that as many as 70% of their calls come from rank novices(新手). Partly because of the volume of calls, some computer companies have started charging helpline users.The questions are often so basic that they could have been asked by opening the manual that comes with every machine. One woman called Dell’s toll-free line to ask how to install batteries in her laptop. When told that the directions were on the first page of the manual, the woman replied angrily. “I just spent $2,000 for this damn thing, and I’m not going to read a book.”Indeed, it seems that these buyers barely refer to a manual when a phone is at hand. If there is a book and a phone and they’re side by side, the phone wins time after time. It’s phenomenon of people wanting to talk to people.And the Computer Corp Compaq’s help center in Houston, Texas, is inundated(淹没) by some 8,000 consumer calls a day, with unbelievable inquiries like this one: a frustrated customer called, who said her brand new Compaq would not work. She had unpacked the unit, plugged it in, opened it up and, sat there for something to happen. When asked what happened when she pressed the power switch, she asked, “What power switch?”Seemingly simple computer features baffle some users. So many people have called to ask where the “any” key is when “Press Any Key” flashes on the screen that Compaq is considering changing the command to “Press Return Key”.Some people can’t figure out the mouse. One consumer complained that her mouse was hard to control with the “dust” cover on. The cover turned out to be the plastic bag the mouse was packaged in. Another consumer held the mouse and pointed it at the screen, all the while clicking madly. He got no response because the mouse works if it’s moved over a flat surface.A customer dutifully compiled with a technician’s request that she send in a copy of defective floppy disk. A letter from the customer arrived a few days later, along with a Xerox copy of the floppy.And at Dell, a technician advised his customer to put his troubled floppy back in the drive and “close the door”. Asking the technician, to “hold on”, the customer put the phone down and was heard walking over to shut the door to his room. The。
2017年考研英语(二)大纲(完整版)
2017年考研英语（二）大纲（完整版）（非英语专业）（2017年版）I.考试性质英语（二）考试主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目。
其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。
II.考查内容考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能：（一）语言知识1.语法知识考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识，其中包括：（1）名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法；（2）动词时态、语态的构成及其用法；（3）形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法；（4）常用连接词的词义及其用法；（5）非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）的构成及其用法；（6）虚拟语气的构成及其用法；（7）各类从句（定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等）及强调句型的结构及其用法；（8）倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法。
2.词汇考生应能较熟练地掌握5500个左右常用英语词汇以及相关常用词组（详见附录相关部分）。
考生应能根据具体语境、句子结构或上下文理解一些非常用词的词义。
（二）语言技能1.阅读考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的文字材料。
题材包括经济、管理、社会、文化、科普等，体裁包括说明文、议论文和记叙文等。
根据阅读材料，考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中的具体信息；（3）理解语篇的结构和上下文的逻辑关系；（4）根据上下文推断重要生词或词组的含义；（5）进行一定的判断和推理；（6）理解作者的意图、观点或态度。
2.写作考生应能根据所给的提纲、情景或要求完成相应的短文写作。
短文应中心思想明确、切中题意、结构清晰、条理清楚、用词恰当、无明显语言错误。
III.考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构（一）考试形式考试形式为笔试。
考试时间为180分钟。
满分为100分。
试卷包括试题册和1张答题卡。
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全日制翻译硕士专业学位（笔译方向）研究生入学考试
《翻译硕士英语》（211）考试大纲（2017版）
一、考试目的
《翻译硕士英语》作为全日制翻译硕士专业学位（MTI）入学考试的外国语考试，其
目的是考察考生是否具备进行MTI学习所要求的英语水平。
二、考试性质与范围
本考试是一种测试应试者单项和综合语言能力的尺度参照性水平考试。
考试范围包括MTI考生应具备的英语词汇量、语法知识以及英语阅读与写作等方面的技能。
考试为3小时。
三、考试基本要求
1. 具有良好的英语基本功，认知词汇量在10, 000以上，掌握6, 000个以上（以英语为例）的积极词汇，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。
2. 能熟练掌握正确的英语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识。
3．具有较强的阅读理解能力和英语写作能力。
四、考试形式
本考试采取客观试题与主观试题相结合，单项技能测试与综合技能测试相结合的方法。
各项试题的分布情况见“考试内容一览表”。
五、考试内容
本考试包括以下部分：词汇语法、阅读理解、英语写作等。
总分为100分。
I．词汇语法
1. 要求
1）词汇量要求：
考生的认知词汇量应在10, 000以上，其中积极词汇量为6, 000以上，即能正确而熟练地运用常用词汇及其常用搭配。
2）语法要求：
考生能正确运用英语语法、结构、修辞等语言规范知识。
2. 题型：
选择题
II. 阅读理解
1. 要求
1）能读懂常见英语报刊上的专题文章、历史传记及文学作品等各种文体的文章，既能理解其主旨和大意，又能分辨出其中的事实与细节，并能理解其中的观点和隐含意义。
2）能根据阅读时间要求调整自己的阅读速度。
2. 题型
1) 选择题（包括信息事实性阅读题和观点评判性阅读题）
2) 简答题（要求根据所阅读的文章，用3-5行字数的有限篇幅扼要回答问题，重点考查阅读综述能力）
本部分题材广泛，体裁多样，选材体现时代性、实用性；重点考查通过阅读获取信息和理解观点的能力；对阅读速度有一定要求。
III．英语写作
1. 要求：
考生能根据所给题目及要求撰写一篇400词左右的记叙文、说明文或议论文。
该作文要求语言通顺，用词得体，结构合理，文体恰当。
2. 题型：命题作文
《翻译硕士英语》考试内容一览表
序号考试内容题型分值
1词汇语法选择题（多选一）30
1) 选择题（多选一）
2阅读理解
40
2) 简答题
3英语写作命题作文30
共计100。