人教版高中英语选修七 Unit3 Under the sea-语法篇(教师版)

第6讲Under the sea 语法篇

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1.掌握V-ing的被动式的结构与用法；

2.能够熟练运用V-ing的被动式解题造句。

一. 含义与构成

1、v-ing形式的种类功用和各种形式：V-ing 包括动名词和现在分词两种，分别可作：

主语、宾语、表语；（动名词）

定语、状语、宾/主语补足语(现在分词)

注意：其否定形式是在其前边加：not/never.

其各种形式如下表：

2.V-ing形式的被Array动式用法及种类

当v-in g与它的

逻辑主语构成被

要用其被动式，

v-ing

的被动式有两种：

一般被动式：being done；完成被动式：having been done；V-ing形式的被动式包括动名词被动式

和现在分词的被动式两种。

二. 用法

（一）动名词的被动式

动名词的被动式在句中可作主语、宾语、表语，且在句中只表被动，不表进行。

1、作主语

So being killed by sharks was a common thing. 因此被鲨鱼吃掉是常有的事。

Being laughed at in public is a terrible thing. 在公共场合下被嘲笑是件可怕的事。

Being exposed to the sun does harm to health. 暴漏在阳光下对身体有害。

The president’s being killed led to serious consequences. 总统被杀导致了严重后果。

2、作宾语

V-ing形式的被动式既可作动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。

The bird escaped being caught. I didn’t mind being left at home.

He was afraid of _________________ (abandon) by us. He did it without ___________ (ask)

You can’t eat anything before _____________(operate on) I remember having been told the story.

3、作表语

What worried the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital.

使孩子最为担心的是他不被允许到医院看母亲。

注意：① 动名词的被动式作主语和表语时，常用其一般式（being done)，不习惯用完成式；但作宾语时，若其动作发生谓语动词之前或强调动作已经发生，可用其完成式（having been done)。如：I appreciate having been given the chance to study abroad.

我很感激能被给与到国外留学的机会。

②动名词的被动式在句中作主、宾、表时，其特点是只表被动，不表进行。

③动名词的被动式作主、宾、表时，有时可采用其复合结构形式，即：名词所有格/形容性物主代词+ being done。如：

Tom’s being admitted to college is a big surprise for us. 汤姆被大学入取让我们很是惊讶。

The discovery of new evidence led to his being caught. 新证据的发现导致他被捕。

What worried the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother in the hospital

（二）现在分词的被动式

现在分词的被动式常句中作宾补和定语，一般不作状语（除个别情形例外）；在句中既表被动又表进行。

1、作宾补

现在分词的被动式（being done）作宾补时，表示正在进行的被动的动作，常与感官动词连用。

I saw James being held up in the water by old Tom.

You’ll find the topic _______________ (discuss) everywhere now.

As we approached the village we saw new houses _____________ (build)

注意：与过去分词作宾补的区别：过去分词作宾补表示动作已完成。

2、作定语

现在分词的被动式（being done）作定语时时，表示正在进行的被动的动作。

The meeting ______________ (discuss) now is very important.

He asked who was the girl _____________ (operate）on in the operating room.

注意：①现在分词的被动式作后置定语时，表示正在进行的被动的动作；过去分词作后置定语表示已经发生的被动的动作；不定式的被动式作后置定语表示未发生或即将发生的被动的动作。如：a meeting being held now 正在被举行的会议

a meeting held yesterday 昨天举行的会议

a meeting to be held tomorrow 明天将举行的会议

②现在分词的被动完成式(having been done) 不能做定语和宾补。

The building having been built last year (×) The building built last year (√)

We found him having been killed. (×) We found him killed (√)

（三）现在分词的被动完成式(having been done) 作状语

当分词与句子的主语构成被动关系，且此分词动作（明确地）发生在句子的谓语动词之前或持续发生一段时间（或持续发生多次）时可用现在分词的被动完成式(having been done) 作状语。

Having been shown around the classroom，we were taken to visit the lab.