2006年9月中级口译真题
中级口译历年口译翻译真题(学生用).docx
2001年9月考题By the middle of this century, some two thirds of the worlds nation, with at least five billion people, will enjoy a standard of living, which only the advanced economies now have. Some three billion of these people will live in Asia. Collectively, the Asian Countries will have a larger economy than the rest of the world put togethe匸The rest of the world will have to react to this millennial economic shift to Asia, and to the rising power of China. The rest of the world will be divided between the Euro-American countries, and the two big peripheral powers, Japan and Russia. Russia is a huge geographical country, with well educated people, and will eventually recover.In terms of nations, it will be a world of much greater economic equality. Although there will still be poor countries, most will be quite rich. Inside these nations there will be mass prosperity, but with a large minority in serious poverty, and a small number who are very rich.2002年3月考题Foundations are tax-free institutions that are created to give grants to both individuals and nonprofit organizations for activities that range from education, research, and the arts to support for the poor and the upkeep of exotic gardens and old mansions. They provide a means by which wealthy people and corporations can in effect decide how their tax payments will be spent, for they are based on money that otherwise would go to the government in taxes. From a small beginning at the turn of the century they have become a very important factor in shaping developments in higher education and the arts.Think tanks and university research institutes are nonprofit organizations that have been developed to provide settings for experts in various academic disciplines- In this way, they may devote their time to the study of policy alternatives free from the teaching and departmental duties that are part of the daily routine for most members of the academic community. Supported by foundation grants and government contracts, they are a majorsource of the new ideas that are discussed in the policy・formation groups.2006年3月英语中级口译真题As a scourge of the modern society, obesity has become the world's biggest public-health issue today—the main cause of heart disease, which kills more people these days than AIDS, malaria, war. Si nce the World Health Organization labeled obesity an "epidemic” in 2000, reports on its fearful consequences have come thick and Fast.Will public-health warnings, combined with media pressure, persuade people to get thinner, just as they finally put them off tobacco? Possibly. In the rich world, sales of healthier foods are booming and new figures suggest that over the past year Americans got very slightly thinner for the first time in recorded history. But even if Americans are losing a few ounces, it will be many years before the country solves the health problems caused by half a century's dining to excess. And, everywhere else in the world, people are still piling on the pounds. That's why there is now a consensus among doctors that governments should do something to stop them.2008年3月英语中级口译真题Imagine you have two candidates for a job. Their CVs are equally good, and they both give good interview. You cannot help noticing, though, that one is pug-ugly and the other is handsome. Are you swayed by their appearance?If you were swayed by someone's looks, would that be wrong? In the past, people often equated beauty with virtue and ugliness with vice.Even now, the expression "as ugly as sin" has not quite passed from the language. There is, of course, the equally famous expression u beauty is in the eye of the beholderto counter it. Most beholders agree what is beautiful-and modern biology suggests there is a good reason for that agreement. Biology also suggests that beauty may, indeed, be a good rule of thumb for assessing someone of either sex. Not an infallible one, andcertainly no substitute for an in-depth investigation. But, nevertheless, an instinctive one, and one that is bound to contribute to the advantage of the physically well endowed.2008年9月英语中级口译真题In a slowing US economy, job opportunities are shaped by uncertainty. As president of a small college, I am keenly aware of the job market that awaits this yearns graduates. The recent news that Bear Stearns was nullifying a few hundred job offers to business school students fits a pattern of corporate downsizing that isrft lost on college campuses across the USA. But even with the darkening economic clouds, rays of good news await this yearns graduates. Sure, companies are laying off workers, but many are also looking for new talent, especially at the entry level.As more than a million entrants flood the job market, students should know that in a global marketplace, language skills will go a long way. So will flexibility. If a grad is ready to accept an entry-level job, give a little on job requirements and move if the company asks, chances are he'll land a job. So despite the rising job losses, a new graduate should embrace the market as the first challenge of a long career.2000年3月英语中级口译真题Information and communications are central to modern society and organizations. One approach to understand the working environment is to consider an organization as a communications system. An organization that has open lines of communication with valid, honest information going up, down, and throughout the organization will be much more effective and a much better place to work than the organization that attempts to restrict the flow of information or distort and deceive. When leadership attempts to keep workers in the dark, workers tend to become distrustful. This undermines their cooperation.It is easy to understand the value and importance of open, honest communications and valid information. Yet, few organizations are able to function in this manner. In the longrun, poor communication will undermine the entire organization. Restricting communication and distorting information are symptoms of short-range thinking. We must avoid these stupid, short-sighted traps and constantly strive for and open communications system with objective information.参考答案：信息和交流对现代社会和机构是非常重要的。
年9月中级口译考试真题,答案与解析
年9月中级口译考试真题,答案与解析Spot Dictation:We all have problems and barriers that block our progress or prevent us from moving into new areas. Our problems might include the fear of speaking in front of a group anxiety about math problemsor the reluctance to sound silly trying to speak a foreign language. It's natural to have problems and barriersbut sometimes they limit our experience so muchwe get bored with life. When that happensconsider the following three ways of dealing with the problem or barrier.One way is to pretend it doesn't exist. Avoid itdeny itand lie about it. It's like turning your head the other wayputting on a fake grinand saying"Seethere's really no problem at all. Everything is fine."In addition to looking foolishthis approach leaves the barrier intactand we keep bumping into it. Soa second approach is to fight the barrierto struggle against it. This usually makes the barrier grow. It increases the barrier's magnitude. A person who is obsessed with weight might constantly worry about being fat. He might struggle with it every daytrying diet after diet. And the more he strugglesthe bigger the problem gets.The third alternative is to love the barrier. Accept it. T otally experience it. Tell the truth about it. Describe it in detail.Applying this process is easier if you remember o ideas. First loving a problem is not necessarily the same as enjoying it. Love in this sense means total and unconditional acceptance. Secondunconditional acceptance is not the same as unconditional surrender. Accepting a problem is different than giving up or escaping from it. Ratherthis process involves escaping into the problemdiving into it headfirstand getting to know it in detail.Often the most effective solutions ewhen we face a problem squarelywith eyes wide openthen we can move through the probleminstead of around it. When you are willing to love your problemsyou drain them of much of their energy.【评析】本文选自Dave Ellis 的著作Being a Master Student其中的一个章节：Love your problems and experience your barriers，本文主要介绍了解决问题的三种办法，第一种是直接无视它，就当不存在；第二种是正视它，挑战它，第三种则是爱上困难，充分体验。
-月中级口译考试真题
2006.3上海市英语中级口译岗位资格证书考试第一阶段笔试试题SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST(45 minutes)button to _______(13) that the information is correct, the ATM goes to_______(14).How safe, you may ask, is banking by ATM? The_______(15) is meant to prevent anyone, no matter who you are, from using a cash card________(16). If you enter the wrong ID number for a card, a message on the screen will_______(18). As another precaution against_______(19), the bank generally limits the amount that may be withdrawn by cash card______(20), say, to $200.Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short statements. These statements will be spoken ONLY ONCE, and you will not find them written on the paper; so you must listen carefully. When you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.1. Statements1. (A) We didn't find one qualified applicant.(B) Nobody applied for the job.(C) Only one person applied for the job.(D) We interviewed nine candidates.2. (A) Florence finished her speech with some introductory remarks.(B) Florence found herself making a speech when the speaker became ill.(C) Florence came along with a fluent introduction about the eminent speaker.(D) Had the speaker not been ill, he would have made some introductory remarks.3. (A) I cannot finish the report in time.(B) I hate to join in social activities this weekend.(C) I have to work extra time over the weekend.(D) I will not attend the board meeting next week.4. (A) The director is too busy to attend to your proposal right now.(B) The director will help you read the proposal tomorrow morning.(C) You should hand in your proposal no later than tomorrow morning.(D) You can make an appointment to see the director the next day.5. (A) We'll ask for more time to finish the financial plan.(B) We'll look for more information for the plan later than expected.(C) I'm afraid we'll turn in the financial plan later than expected.(D) We'll have to finish the plan with the materials available now.6. (A) Talking too much in business negotiations leaves a bad impression o Americans.(B) Silence often makes Americans feel uncomfortable in business situations.(C) Americans enjoy keeping silent in business negotiations and employ a variety of strategies.(D) Americans are rather aggressive, especially in business situations.7.(A) I think now it is the best time to do business in China, though we have had a 50-year relationship.(B) I believe that we could have done more business with China over the past 50 years.(C) Although our company has a history of over 50 years, we are unable to start our business in China.(D) Despite our good relationship over the past 50 years, we need to find a bettertime for investment here.8. (A) The director has already signed the agreement.(B) The director has read the agreement for three times(C) The director is not in and cannot sign the agreement.(D) The director is not ready to sign the agreement.9. (A) We cannot compete with our rivals, since we have just started our business here.(B) We want to have more customers, so we're ready to make more favourable offers(C) We are unable to provide the best service here, because we do not have enough competitive advantage.(D) We plan to merge our competitors in this area, as we are growing and have more customers.10. (A) A diet with meat only is not enough for our body.(B) A diet with vegetables can sometimes be very costly.(C) Meatless meals are equally nutritious and less expensive.(D) Meatless meals cannot provide all the essential nutrients.2. Talks and ConversationsDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear Several short talks and conversations. After each of these, you will hear a few questions. Listen carefully because you will hear the talk or conversation and questions Only ONCE. When you hear a question, read the four answer choices and choose the best answer to that question. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 11-1411. (A) She was fired.(B) She was given a raise.(C) She got a transfer.(D) She got married.12. (A) They bought her a birthday gift.(B) They gave her a farewell party.(C) They surprised her during the party.(D) They saw her off at the airport.13. (A) She was invited to stay with Nancy in New York.(B) She was warned not to give the surprise away.(C) She was unable to keep a secret.(D) She was a good friend of Nancy's.14. (A) The man.(B) Nancy.(C) Mrs Sampson.(D) Christina.Questions 15-1815. (A) Sending invitation cards to as many people as possible.(B) Reserving a table at least one day in advance.(C) Taking your order before you are seated.(D) Keeping calm and talking to your clients.16. (A) A soup.(B) Some cold dishes.(C) A salad.(D) A drink.17. (A) Consult the waiter about the dish in question.(B) Tell everyone that you have certain dietary restrictions.(C) Write beforehand to say that you don't care for some dishes.(D) Keep quiet and pretend that you enjoy the food.18. (A) Over your lap.(B) On the chair.(C) Under the plate.(D) Beside the plate.Questions 19-2219. (A) In a holiday camp.(B) In a caravan park.(C) In a hotel.(D) In a restaurant.20. (A) Because they had driven for a long time.(B) Because they had booked for another time.(C) Because they had planned to have their supper first.(D) Because they had found a better place to stay in.21 (A) She can avoid doing a lot of farm work.(B) She wants to stay in some quiet and peaceful place.(C) Her husband especially cares for seafood.(D) Her children enjoy building sandcastles.22. (A) In the car.(B) In the lounge.(C) In a farm.(D) In a quiet corner.Questions 23-2623. (A) In New Zealand.(B) In the USA.(C) In England.(D) In Japan.24. (A) Because they want to feel the thrill and excitement.(B) Because they are tired of modern-day university life.(C) Because they are interested in the scientific experiment.(D) Because they find that it is the best way to reduce weight.25. (A) Jumping into the sea.(B) Jumping onto the cliff.(C) Jumping with a body harness.(D) Jumping with a leg harness.26. (A) Be over the age of 18.(B) Receive due instructions.(C) Join a sports club.(D) Pay for the rubber band.Questions 27-3027. (A) Paper Research.(B) Examination Method.(C) Comparative Literature.(D) University Seminar System.28. (A) A college course in which new ideas and subjects are introduced.(B) A university class in which topics are discussed among the students.(C) A system where university students are allowed to choose their teachers.(D) A gathering where only teachers and students of about the same age can attend.29. (A) They were boring.(B) They were good lecturers.(C) They seldom asked questions.(D) They talked too much in class.30. (A) The unanswered questions during the lectures.(B) The discussion with the serious professors.(C) The results of his final examinations.(D) The low marks he had scored during the term.Part C: Listening and Translation1. Sentence TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 sentences in English. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)2. Passage TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.(1)(2)SECTION 2: STUDY SKILLSDirections: In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by several questions based on its content. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1-5One of the most disturbing statistics I've read for a long time was published this week. The Work Foundation claims that job satisfaction in this country has fallen alarmingly. Women's satisfaction level has fallen from 51 percent in 1992 to 29 percent today; men's has fallen from 35 percent to 20. The reason-the long-hours culture and job insecurity.For my father's generation, work was something that had to be endured so that real life could be maintained. But my generation has been gulled into thinking that work is real life. Most work is not satisfying. Most work stinks. Most work, however well paid, is meaningless and dull. But somehow we've been convinced that work provides self-fulfillment.Before Mrs Thatcher, we had a famous British attitude to work--the less we did the better. Thatcher introduced the idea that, in a world where identity was so fragile, you could become real through work, through long hours and assiduous consumption, in the small amount of time you had been left after clocking off. Now Blair carries on the crusade, I've got one of the best jobs in the world--siV3ng in an once by myself all day trying to make up something that someone somewhere wit! be interested in. But I'd rather be stretched out in front of the TV, or in bed, or playing tennis, or doing just about anything else.Much of feminist thought has been about getting what men have traditionally had without examining the underlying assumption of whether it was worth having. Feminism never ended up with a life built around creative leisure, instead, women of talent and drive threw themselves into the labour pool, believing that work and its attendant income and power would affect the change of life and consciousness that would liberate them.Can anything be done? Only if we're willing to change the way we've been tricked into thinking. Most people now measure their lives primarily in units ofcurrency--money saved and spent. I have a friend who'll travel halfway across London for a shoe sale, without factoring in how much of her precious time hasbeen spent travelling. The most important truth I know is that ail we ever own is the time we were given on this earth. We need to seize it back. Now the future has arrived, and we have the means to do it--we just don't have the imagination.1. Before the British were persuaded to realize themselves through hard work,(A) they had little time left to themselves(B) they had struggled hard for equal treatment(C) they had enjoyed themselves more(D) they had a strong desire to be set free from work2. The sentence "Now Blair carries on the crusade" (para. 3) could be best illustrated by which of the following statements?(A) Blair continues to promote the idea of achieving self-fulfillment through work.(B) Blair opposes his people to be workaholic and has launched such a campaign.(C) Blair sets a perfect example as a hard-working person for his people in the UK.(D) Blair is most unwilling to have his people labouring as slaves.3. What is the author's attitude towards women's joining the workforce?(A) Supportive.(B) Negative.(C) Appreciative.(D) Defensive.4. What is the purpose of the author in mentioning her friend who travelled halfway across London for a shoe sale?(A) To praise her friend for her persistence in pursuing what she wants.(B) To introduce her friend to the general public.(C) To give an urgent call for people to take life easy.(D) To raise people's awareness as to how precious time is.5. Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage?(A) What's So Good about Hard Work?(B) What'd You Imagine for the Future?(C) Work Makes Everyone Free,(D)Seize Time Back for Your Own Sake.Questions 6-10"I delight in Buckingham Palace", said Queen Victoria, when she moved in three weeks after ascending to the throne. Today the 40-acre secluded garden contains specimen shrubs trees and a large lake. Eight to nine thousand people visit it during the annual garden parties.It took George IV, on becoming King in 1820, and John Nash, Surveyor-general to George IV when he was Prince Regent, many years to turn the house into a sumptuous palace. Nash demolished the North and South wings and rebuilt them. He constructed Marble Arch as a grand entrance to the enlarged courtyard. As work continued, Nash let his costs run away with him. and Parliament complained. Joseph Hume, ml English politician and reformer fighting for financial retrenchment, said, "The Crown of England does not require such splendour. Foreign countries might indulge in frippery, but England ought to pride herself on her plainness and simplicity." Nevertheless, elegance reigned.Queen Victoria was crowned in 1837. When she moved in, Buckingham Palace became, for the first time, the official London residence of Britain's sovereigns. There wasn't a room large enough for grand entertainments, so in 1853-55, Queen Victoria ordered the Ballroom built. 122 feet long, 60 feet wide and 45 feet high, it is, today, used for many events such as the State Banquet, the DiplomaticReception, and memorial concerts. This is the site of Investitures, where the Queen (who was crowned in 1952) presents the recipients of British honours with their awards. During World War 11 a chapel, converted by Queen Victoria from Nash's conservatory, was bombed. Prince Philip oversaw its rebuilding as the Queen's Gallery, home to a rotating collection of art from the Royal Collection. The Gallery, currently in the process of renovation, will reopen in 2002 for the Queen's Golden Jubilee.More than 600 rooms, including 52 Royal and guest bedrooms, 188 staff bedrooms, 92 offices and 78 bathrooms comprise the castle's assets. But the "room" best known around the world is the Balcony where the Royal family' gathers on celebratory' and solemn occasions to be seen by' their subjects.The Palace is more than a home for the Royals. It is the official administrative headquarters of the monarchy and contains the offices of their staff. It is the place where all Royal ceremonies and official banquets are held. Government ministers, top civil servants and heads of state visit to carry out their duties. It brings a whole new meaning to the phrase 'working from home'.6. What was the result of Joseph Hume's fighting for financial retrenchment?(A) He succeeded in cutting the budget of Nash's rebuilding work.(B) His opposition turned out a failure and the palace was built with extravagance.(C) He became Nash's strong opponent and they fought with each other since then.(D) He came to fame as a well-known reformer for financial retrenchment.7. According to the passage, which of the following are NOT supposed to be held in the Ballroom?(A) Investitures.(B) Government banquets.(C) Religious services.(D) Diplomatic receptions.8. According to "the Queen's Golden Jubilee" (para. 3), how long has been the reign of the Queen?(A) It has to be 25 years under the reign of the Queen.(B) 45 years should be the minimum for the Queen's Golden Jubilee.(C) At her age of 50, people usually celebrate the Queen's Golden Jubilee.(D)The Queen's Golden Jubilee would be celebrated at her 50 year's reign.9. Why does Buckingham Palace bring a new meaning to the phrase "working from home"?(A) Because Government offices are located in Buckingham Palace.(B) Because the Royal family live and work in Buckingham Palace.(C) Because all Royal ceremonies and official banquets are held in Buckingham Palace.(D) Because the Royal staff have their offices and residences in Buckingham Palace.10. According to the passage, which is the most famous place in Buckingham Palace?(A) The Ballroom.(B) The Queen's Gallery.(C) Marble Arch.(D) The Balcony,Questions 11-15The Lake District in north-west England is an area remarkably little affected by industrialization. The principal activity is still sheep-farming, as it has been for a thousand years, and many ancient words like ‘fell' for ‘hill' and ‘tam' for ‘lake' arestill in daily use. In spite of its heavy rainfall and relative inaccessibility, its special atmosphere and spectacular natural beauty combine to make this one of England's favourite holiday areas at all seasons of the year. But at Christmas 1968, still gripped by the fear that foot-and-mouth disease could spread to the hill flocks and sweep like wildfire right up to the Scottish border, it was quieter than ever before in this century. Luckily not a single farm had caught tile infection, the nearest case having been an isolated one at Kendal several weeks before. but every Lakeland farmer knows that one case among the unfenced hill flocks on the fells could lead to complete annihilation of hundreds of thousands of sheep and the virtual end of the district's principal industry; you cannot replace sheep, acclimatized to their own part of the fell for generations, in the same way that you can replace cattle in a field.Nobody could remember a Christmas like it, especially Boxing Dab, which is traditionally one of the big outdoor holidays of the Lakeland year. Normally this is a day spent following the mountain packs of hounds, felt-walking and, if the weather is propitious, skiing and skating, but this time there were none of these things. Visitors were actively discouraged, and those who did come were asked not to go on the fells, footpaths or bridleways or near farmland, while motorists were requested not to drive on minor roads and to shun the smaller valleys. The enterprising hotels which had earlier in the year decided to keep open during the winter were by the end of October having a desperate time. Hundreds of bookings had been cancelled and scores of dinner parties and young farmers' reunions eliminated. All youth hostels were closed. At least one climbing club, unable to climb, substituted a training programme of films and simulated climbs on the more substantial municipal buildings.The weather in the area was dry, crisp, windless and cold, in fact ideal for brisk outdoor activities. But nobody was able to enjoy it. Everything was stopped: hunting, walking, climbing, skiing, motor cycle trials, sporting events of everydescription. All the seasonal dances, festivals, conferences, shepherds' meets and a hundred and one other social occasions abandoned. The ice was bearing on some of the lakes but you could not go skating there. Meanwhile the foxes, emboldened by an unprecedented freedom from harassment, were stalking closer to the farms and the flocks of Christmas turkeys, while the hounds sulked miserably in their kennels.Farmers are apt to criticize some sections of the outdoor fraternity for their occasional thoughtless behaviour, but the way that walkers, climbers, skiers, fishermen, hunters and the rest went out of their way to help them at this time should never be forgotten. The general public, locals and visitors a like., tried to give the fell farmers a sporting chance, and this remarkable display of public spirit was the one bright note in a very sad time.11. The word "this" in line 5 refers to_______.(A) its special atmosphere(B) the Industrial Revolution(C) the spectacular natural beauty(D) the Lake District12. The district's principal industry is_______.(A) fell-walking(B) snow-skiing(C) sheep-farming(D) animal-hunting13. Because the sheep in the hills are unfenced toot-and-mouth disease might_______.(A) spread beyond the lakes(B) annihilate thousands of horses(C) lead to the virtual end of the tourist industry(D) destroy the flocks of sheep completely14. Why were some hotels described as "enterprising"?(A) Because hundreds of bookings had been cancelled.(B) Because they decided to keep open during the winter.(C) Because they still held dinner parties and young farmers reunions.(D) Because they substituted a training programme of films and simulated climbs.15. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true during Christmas time in 1968?(A) The seasonal dances, festivals and other social occasions were abandoned.(B) The weather in the Lake District was ideal for brisk outdoor activities.(C) The foxes were stalking closer to the farms and the flocks of turkeys.(D) The ice was bearing on some of the lakes in the district.Questions 16-20Why Men ExplodeAlthough women get angry just as often as men, rage remains the prototypical male emotion. "My kids still talk about my 'freak-outs,'" says Kim Garretson, 54, a corporate strategist in Minneapolis, who once erupted into volcanic fur5; in a restaurant when served a still-frozen entre2e. "1 didn't express much of anything, but once in a while, I'd just blow."Why do so many men lose their tempers? "The rage comes because there's so much frustration when you cut off something that is you. Yet that's what men do, because they're afraid that if you give emotions an inch, they'll take a mile," says psychologist Kenneth W. Christian, PhD, author of Your Own Worst Enemy. "If you don't learn how to work with your emotions, you're a shadow figure, a small incomplete version of yourself. It's only a matter of time until the house of cards20. What main idea is discussed in the passage?(A) How to develop your emotions.(B) How to check your emotions.(C) How to handle your emotions.(D) How to express your emotions.Questions 21-25"You're off to the World Economic Forum?" asked the Oxford economist, enviously. "How very impressive. They've never invited me."Three days later, t queued in the snow outside the conference center in Davos, standing behind mink coals and cashmere overcoats, watched over by' Swiss policemen with machineguns. "Reporting press? You can't come in here. Side entrance, please." I stood in line again, this time behind Puffa jackets and Newsweek journalists, waiting to collect my orange badge. Once inside. I found that the seminar I wanted to go to was being held ill a half-empty room. '"You can't sit here. All seats are reserved for white badges. Coloured badges have to stand." An acquaintance invited me to a dinner he was hosting: "There are people I'd like you to meet." The green-badged Forum employee stopped me at the door. "This is a participants' dinner. Orange badges are not allowed." Then, later, reluctantly: "If you're coming in. please can you turn your badge around? Diners may be upset if they see you're a colour.""Why does anyone put up with being treated like this?" t asked a Financial Times correspondent. "Because we all live in hope of becoming white badges," he said. "Then we'll know what's reall3 going on."A leading British businessman was wearing a white badge, but it bore a small logo on the top left-hand corner: GLT. "What's a GLT?" I asked.Ah, he said. "well, it's a Davos club. I'm a Global Leader for Tomorrow.""That sounds very important," I said. "Yes." He said, "t thought so myself until Ibumped into the man &o d sponsored me. on the way to my first meeting. I asked him if he was coming: and he said, 'Oh no, dear boy, I don't bother with that any, longer. I'm not a GLT any, more, I'm an IGWEL.' What's an IGWEL?' I asked him. ‘A member of tile Informal Group of World Economic Leaders of Today."The World Economic Forum has employed a simple psychological truth--that nothing is more desirable than that which excludes us--to brilliant effect. Year after Fear, its participants apply. to return, in the hope that this time they'll be a little closer to the real elite. Next year, they, too, might be invited to the private receptions for Bill Clinton, Kofi Annan or Bill Gates. instead of having to stand on the conference center's steps like teenage rock fans.It's the sheer concentration of individuals in possession of power, wealth or knowledge that makes the privately run Forum so desirable to its participants. The thousand chief executives who attend its annual meeting control, between them, more than 70 percent of international trade. Every year, they are joined by a couple of dozen presidents and prime ministers, by senior journalists, a changing selection of leading thinkers, academics and diplomats, and by rising stars of the business world. Access to the meeting is by invitation only, costs several thousand pounds a time for business participants,and is ruthlessly controlled.2l. "Mink" in line 4 refers to ____(A) colored badges(B) impressive artificial hide(C) expensive thick fur(D)jackets designed for GLT22. V,/e learn from the passage that orange badges represent(A) forum employees(B) conference correspondents(C) senior diplomats(D) leading thinkers23. "Because we all live in hope of becoming white badges." In this sentence ‘white badges' refer to_______.(A) former presidents(B) senior journalists(C) leading academics(D) chief executives24. Which of the following does NOT suggest that the forum is ruthlessly controlled'?(A) Participants must hold letters of invitation.(B) Participants should queue in the snow outside.C) Swiss policemen have to carry. machine-guns.(D) Forum employees could check anybody if they wish.25. According to the article, which of the following statements about badges is true?(A) The Forum employee wear green badges.(B) The participant wear colored badges.(C) The journalists wear white badges.(D) The executives wear orange badges.Questions 26-30Nutritional statements that depend on observation or anecdote should be given serious consideration, but consideration should also be given to the physical and psychological quirks of the observer. The significance attached to an experimental conclusion depends, in part, on the scientific credentials of the experimentalist; similarly, the significance of selected observations depends, again in part, on thepreconceptions of the observer. Regimes that are proposed by people who do not look as if they enjoyed their food, and who do not themselves have a well-fed air, may not be ideal for normal people. Graham Lusk, who combined expert knowledge with a normal appreciation of good food. describes how he and Chittenden, who advocated a low-protein diet, spent some weeks in Britain eating the rations of the 1914-18 war and then got more ample rations on board ship. Lusk attributed his sense of well-being to the extra meat he was eating; Chittenden attributed it to the sea air.When young animals are reared for sale as meat, the desirable amount of protein in their food is a simple matter of economics. Protein is expensive, so the amount given is increased up to the level at which the increased rate of growth is offset by the increased cost of the diet. As already mentioned, the efficiency with which protein is used to build the body diminishes as the percentage of protein in the diet increases. In practice, the best diets seem to contain between 15 and 25 per cent protein. It is not certain that maximum growth rate is desirable in children; some experiments with rats suggest that rapid growth is associated with a shorter ultimate expectation of life. There are practical and ethical obstacles to human experiments of life. There are practical and ethical obstacles to human experiments in which the effect of protein can be measured. Children do not grow as fast as the young animals in which there is a commercial interest, their need for protein is therefore presumably smaller, but there is no evidence that the desirable protein level, after weaning, is less than 15 per cent. An argument against this percentage of protein is that in human milk only 13 per cent of the solid material is protein. That protein is, however, of better quality than any protein likely to be given to infants that are not weaned on cow's milk. Furthermore, milk, like other products of evolution, is a compromise. Mothers are not expendable. A species would not long survive if mothers depleted their own proteins so much in the course of feeding the first child that the prospects of later children were seriously jeopardized. Human。
中级口译真题+参考答案
9月中级口译真题+参考答案(1)Part A: Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.British people are far more sophisticated about beverages than they were 50 years ago. Witness the Starbucks revolution and you’ll know where ___________ （1）goes. However, spurred on by recent studies suggesting that it can cut the risk of ___________ （2）and retard the aging process, tea is enjoying a ___________ （3）.Although tea is available in more places than ever, it remains to be _____________ （4）of a typical British family.If you are invited to an English home, _____________ （5）in the morning you get a cup of tea. It is either brought in by a heartily _____________ （6）or an almost malevolently silent maid. When you are _____________ （7）in your sweetest morning sleep you must not say: ‘Go away, you _____________ （8）.’ On the contrary, you have to declare with your best five o’clock smile: ‘Thank you very much. I _____________ （9）a cup of tea, especially in the morning.’ If they leave you alone with the liquid you may pour it _____________ （10）!Then you have ___________ （11）; then you have tea at 11 o’clock in the morning; _____________ （12）; then you have tea for tea; then after supper; and again at eleven o’clock _____________ （13）.You must not refuse any additional cups of tea under the _____________ （14）: if it is hot; if it is cold; if you are _____________ （15）; if you are nervous; if you arewatching TV; _____________ （16）; if you have just returned home; if you feel like it; if you do not feel like it; if you have had no tea ______________ （17）; if you have just had a cup.You definitely must not ______________ （18）. I sleep at five o’clock in the morning; I have coffee for breakfast; I drink innumerable _____________ （19）during the day; I have the _____________ （20）even at tea-time!Part B: Listening Comprehension1. StatementsDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short statements. These statements will be spoken ONLY ONCE, and you will not find them written on the paper; so you must listen carefully. When you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.1. （A）The program on Channel Eight reminds me of TV commercials.（B）The product advertised in the TV commercial cannot help cure my illness.（C）I don’t watch TV that much, because of the omnipresent advertis ements.（D）I have to sit on the sofa, because I am too sick to stand in front of the television.2. （A）The plane arrived at 7:30.（B）The plane arrived at 8:00.（C）The plane arrived at 9:00.（D）The plane arrived at 10:00.3. （A）I’ll ask someone else to read and check this agreement for errors.（B）I’ll think more about the agreement before making a decision.（C）It’s obvious that I’ll discuss the agreement with my assistant first.（D）It’s out of question that I shou ld get into any agreement with you.4. （A）The better members decided to cancel the meeting.（B）Less than half of the committee was away on business trips.（C）It’d be better if no one had attended this morning’s committee meeting……（D）The meeting was cancelled because of low attendance.5. （A）Supermarkets in the inner city and the suburbs are usually owned by the same company.（B）Products in grocery stores are more expensive than those in supermarkets.（C）There is a price difference for the same product even in shops run by the same company.（D）People prefer to shop in supermarkets, which are mostly located in the suburbs, with free parking space.6. （A）Many Americans cannot afford higher education because of the soaring college tuition fees and expenses.（B）Sending their children to college is no longer a bigger challenge for millions of Americans.（C）The American government has set the goal that it will eventually stop funding higher education institutions.（D）Nowadays, American parents have to pay more to send their children to college.7. （A）For many university graduates, the jobs they take will not be related to their academic achievements.（B）Because of economic recession, the number of university students majoring in liberal arts is declining.（C）University students who are interested in liberal arts will have more job opportunities upon graduation.（D）With high unemployment rate, many university students will have to opt for transferring to other majors.8. （A）Good business negotiators will never repeat what other people have already restated.（B）Restating by good business negotiators is not an effective way to check the information.（C）Good business negotiators are sometimes curious about other people’s restatements.（D）Restating what others have said is a good strategy for confirming understanding.9. （A）We cannot reach an agreement, let alone a spoken promise.（B）We’d better draft and then sign a written agreement.（C）We generally keep our promises in business transactions.（D）We hope you understand why we are unable to keep our promises.10. （A）I don’t think you have more to say on that topic.（B）I think we’d better talk about that in detail sometime later.（C）I am truly appreciative if you can elaborate on that topic after lunch.（D）I am busy right now, so we might as well discuss it over lunch today.2. Talks and ConversationsDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks andconversations After each of these, you will hear a few questions. Listen carefully because you will hear the talk or conversation and questions ONLY ONCE. When you hear a question, read the four choices and choose the best answer to that question. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 11-1411. （A）Two （B）Three （C）Four （D）Five12. （A）A profit-making private school.（B）A non-profit-making independent school.（C）A state school that is funded by non-governmental sources.（D）A secondary school that is open to the majority of British students.13. （A）Many children are no longer placed in schools according to their academic abilities.（B）Many children can afford to study in private schools, as they become part of the state system.（C）Children from wealthy families no longer choose to go and study in public schools.（D）Cleverer children will be sent to the best private schools in the country for a better development.14. （A）Clever and less bright children will mix well with each other.（B）School authorities will receive more funds from the government.（C）Most students will do well in their entrance examination for the higher education.（D）Every child will have an equal opportunity to go on to higher education.。
0609高口笔试答案.doc
0609高口笔试答案2006年9月高级口译答案SECTION ONE： LISTENING TEST Part A: Spot Dictation1.freedom and connection2.top five benefits3.to think differently4.old boring way of doing things5.oppose the common wisdom6.fixed and boring7.invite your inner child out8.shifts the new world of discovery9.every human spent time10.brought a smile to your face11.and a feeling of inner peace12.watch your joy factor13.to reduce stress14.basic to human existence15.adaptive abilities16.healthy answers to challenging situations17.add a feeling of relaxation18.stimulate the imagination19.more meaningful understanding20.various possible situationsPart B Listening Comprehension 答案：I- 5 BDBBC 6-10 BDACBII-15 BCDAC 16-20 ABCBCSECTION TWO： READING TESTI-5CDD AA 6-10 CDBCCII-15 ADB DB 16-20BDBB C SECTION THREE TRANSLATION (E-C)本月，一项意在改变存在已久的联邦政策、拒绝给予在美国的非法移民所生的子女公民身份的提案在国会搁了浅，但是这个提案肯定会重新出台一一即使不能成为法律，也会引起激烈的争论。
中级口译-2006年9月真题及答案
2006年9月中级口译真题+参考答案1Part A: Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.British people are far more sophisticated about beverages than they were 50 years ago. Witness the Starbucks revolution and you'll know where ___________ （1）goes. However, spurred on by recent studies suggesting that it can cut the risk of ___________ （2）and retard the aging process, tea is enjoying a ___________ （3）.Although tea is available in more places than ever, it remains to be_____________ （4）of a typical British family.If you are invited to an English home, _____________ （5）in the morning you get a cup of tea. It is either brought in by a heartily _____________ （6）or an almost malevolently silent maid. When you are _____________ （7）in your sweetest morning sleep you must not say: 'Go away, you _____________ （8）.' On the contrary, you have to declare with your best five o'clock smile: 'Thank you very much.I _____________ （9）a cup of tea, especially in the morning.' If they leave you alone with the liquid you may pour it _____________ （10）!Then you have ___________ （11）; then you have tea at 11 o'clock in the morning; _____________ （12）; then you have tea for tea; then after supper; and again at eleven o'clock _____________ （13）.You must not refuse any additional cups of tea under the _____________ （14）: if it is hot; if it is cold; if you are _____________ （15）; if you are nervous; if you are watching TV; _____________ （16）; if you have just returned home; if you feel likeit; if you do not feel like it; if you have had no tea ______________ （17）; if you have just had a cup.You definitely must not ______________ （18）. I sleep at five o'clock in the morning; I have coffee for breakfast; I drink innumerable _____________ （19）during the day; I have the _____________ （20）even at tea-time!Part B: Listening Comprehension1. StatementsDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short statements. These statements will be spoken ONLY ONCE, and you will not find them written on the paper; so you must listen carefully. When you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.1. （A）The program on Channel Eight reminds me of TV commercials.（B）The product advertised in the TV commercial cannot help cure my illness.（C）I don't watch TV that much, because of the omnipresent advertisements.（D）I have to sit on the sofa, because I am too sick to stand in front of the television.2. （A）The plane arrived at 7:30.（B）The plane arrived at 8:00.（C）The plane arrived at 9:00.（D）The plane arrived at 10:00.3. （A）I'll ask someone else to read and check this agreement for errors.（B）I'll think more about the agreement before making a decision.（C）It's obvious that I'll discuss the agreement with my assistant first.（D）It's out of question that I should get into any agreement with you.4. （A）The better members decided to cancel the meeting.（B）Less than half of the committee was away on business trips.（C）It'd be better if no one had attended this morning's committee meeting……（D）The meeting was cancelled because of low attendance.5. （A）Supermarkets in the inner city and the suburbs are usually owned by the same company.（B）Products in grocery stores are more expensive than those in supermarkets.（C）There is a price difference for the same product even in shops run by the same company.（D）People prefer to shop in supermarkets, which are mostly located in the suburbs, with free parking space.6. （A）Many Americans cannot afford higher education because of the soaring college tuition fees and expenses.（B）Sending their children to college is no longer a bigger challenge for millions of Americans.（C）The American government has set the goal that it will eventually stop funding higher education institutions.（D）Nowadays, American parents have to pay more to send their children to college.7. （A）For many university graduates, the jobs they take will not be related to their academic achievements.（B）Because of economic recession, the number of university students majoring in liberal arts is declining.（C）University students who are interested in liberal arts will have more job opportunities upon graduation.（D）With high unemployment rate, many university students will have to opt for transferring to other majors.8. （A）Good business negotiators will never repeat what other people have already restated.（B）Restating by good business negotiators is not an effective way to check the information.（C）Good business negotiators are sometimes curious about other people's restatements.（D）Restating what others have said is a good strategy for confirming understanding.9. （A）We cannot reach an agreement, let alone a spoken promise.（B）We'd better draft and then sign a written agreement.（C）We generally keep our promises in business transactions.（D）We hope you understand why we are unable to keep our promises.10. （A）I don't think you have more to say on that topic.（B）I think we'd better talk about that in detail sometime later.（C）I am truly appreciative if you can elaborate on that topic after lunch.（D）I am busy right now, so we might as well discuss it over lunch today.2. Talks and ConversationsDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks and conversations After each of these, you will hear a few questions. Listen carefully because you will hear the talk or conversation and questions ONLY ONCE. When you hear a question, read the four choices and choose the best answer to that question. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 11-1411. （A）Two （B）Three （C）Four （D）Five12. （A） A profit-making private school.（B） A non-profit-making independent school.（C） A state school that is funded by non-governmental sources.（D） A secondary school that is open to the majority of British students.13. （A）Many children are no longer placed in schools according to their academic abilities.（B）Many children can afford to study in private schools, as they become part of the state system.（C）Children from wealthy families no longer choose to go and study in public schools.（D）Cleverer children will be sent to the best private schools in the country for a better development.14. （A）Clever and less bright children will mix well with each other.（B）School authorities will receive more funds from the government.（C）Most students will do well in their entrance examination for the higher education.（D）Every child will have an equal opportunity to go on to higher education.Questions 15-1815. （A）One that is unabridged with detailed definitions.（B）One that contains fewer words and emphasizes on special words.（C）One that contains a broad range of words in common usage.（D）One that spans several volumes and has extensive word histories16. （A）The New Oxford Picture Dictionary（B）The American Heritage Dictionary（C）The Dictionary of Legal Terms（D）The Drinking Water Dictionary17. （A）It lists abbreviations, proper nouns, and tables of measures.（B）It is an unabridged edition providing as many as 500,000 entries.（C）It was randomly compiled and contains as many foreign words as possible.（D）It provides detailed information of famous people and places.18. （A） A school dictionary. （B） A college dictionary.（C） A general dictionary. （D） A specialized dictionary.Questions 19-2219. （A）He's bought his wife a present. （B）He's missed an important phone call.（C）He's dismissed his new secretary. （D）He's popped out shopping.20. （A）Talking about the latest fashion.（B）Offering special reductions.（C）Giving bigger discounts to female customers.（D）Pressing on the customer to make a decision.21. （A）Upside down and inside out. （B）Inside out and back to front.（C）With its sleeves as trouser legs. （D）With its pattern upside down.22. （A） A V-necked pullover with short sleeves.（B） A high-necked pullover with long sleeves.（C） A white pullover with a pattern.（D） A blue pullover with a high neck.Questions 23-2623. （A）That of a creator. （B）That of a re-creator.（C）That of a receiver. （D）That of a performer.24. （A）Because we need to concentrate for our quiet thought. （B）Because we want to give full attention to the driving.（C）Because we try to avoid being caught by the patrolling police. （D）Because we intend to be as casual as possible in the driving.25. （A）In the elevator. （B）In the car.（C）In the bathroom. （D）In the church.26. （A）By perceptive and analytical listening.（B）By taking a sonic bath.（C）By attending classical concerts.（D）By listening to an emotional piece of music.Questions 27-3027. （A）His grandfather's house. （B）His parents' remarks. （C） A magazine. （D） A coursebook.28. （A）Enjoying visiting zoos. （B）Driving a car.（C）Making money. （D）Taking kids to a museum.29. （A）It died a few years ago. （B）It killed several tourists. （C）It is only a legend. （D）It is a living dinosaur.30. （A）No one has provided an accurate des cription of the animal.（B）No dead bodies of the animal have ever been found.（C）There are only 500 species living in Loch Ness.（D）The lake is not deep enough for such a huge animal.Part C: Listening and Translation1. Sentence TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 sentences in English. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.（1）（2）（3）（4）（5）2. Passage TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.（1）（2）SECTION 2: STUDY SKILLS （45 minutes）Directions: In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by several questions based on its content. You are to choose ONE best answer, （A）, （B）, （C）or （D）, to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1-5The purpose of the American court system is to protect the rights of the people. According to American law, if someone is accused of a crime, he or she is considered innocent until the court proves that the person is guilty. In other words, it is the responsibility of the court to prove that a person is guilty. It is not the responsibility of the person to prove that he or she is innocent.In order to arrest a person, the police have to be reasonably sure that a crime has been committed. The police must give the suspect the reasons why they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law. Then the police take the suspect to the police station to "book" him. "Booking means that the name of the person and the charges against him are formally listed at the police station.The next step is for the suspect to go before a judge. The judge decides whether the suspect should be kept in jail or released. If the suspect has no previous criminal record and the judge feels that he will return to court rather than run away-for example, because he owns a house and has a family-he can go free. Otherwise, the suspect must put up bail. At this time, too, the judge will appoint a court layer to defend the suspect if he can't afford one.The suspect returns to court a week or two later. A lawyer from the district attorney's office presents a case against the suspect. This is called a hearing. The attorney may present evidence as well as witnesses. The judge at the hearing then decides whether there is enough reason to hold a trial. If the judge decides that there is sufficient evidence to call for a trial, he or she sets a date for the suspect to appear in court to formally plead guilty or not guilty.At the trial, a jury of 12 people listens to the evidence from both attorneys and hears the testimony of the witnesses. Then the jury goes into a private room to consider the evidence and decide whether the defendant is guilty of the crime. If the jury decides that the defendant is innocent, he goes free. However, if he is convicted, the judge sets a date for the defendant to appear in court again for sentencing. At this time, the judge tells the convicted person what his punishment will be. The judge may sentence him to prison, order him to pay a fine, or place him on probation.The American justice system is very complex and sometimes operates slowly. However, every step is designed to protect the rights of the people. These individual rights are the basis, or foundation, of the American government.1. What is the main idea of the passage?（A）The American court system requires that a suspect prove that he or she is innocent.（B）The US court system is designed to protect the rights of the people.（C）Under the American court system, judge decides if a suspect is innocent or guilty.（D）The US court system is designed to help the police present a case against the suspect.2. What follows 'in other words' （para.1）?（A）An example of the previous sentence.（B） A new idea about the court system.（C）An item of evidence to call for a trial.（D） A restatement of the previous sentence.3. According to the passage, 'he can go free' （para.3）means _________.（A）the suspect is free to choose a lawyer to defend him（B）the suspect does not have to go to trial because the judge has decided he is innocent（C）the suspect will be informed by mail whether he is innocent or not（D）the suspect does not have to wait in jail or pay money until he goes to trial4. What is the purpose of having the suspect pay bail?（A）To pay for the judge and the trial.（B）To pay for a court lawyer to defend the suspect.（C）To ensure that the suspect will return to court.（D）To ensure that the suspect will appear in prison.5. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?（A）The American justice system sometimes operates slowly.（B）The police can arrest a suspect without giving any reasons.（C）It is the responsibility of the suspect to prove he is innocent.（D）The jury considers the evidence in the court room.Questions 6-10So you've got an invention-you and around 39,000 others each year, according to 2002 statistics!The 64,000-dollar question, if you have come up with a device which you believe to be the answer to the energy crisis or you've invented a lawnmower which cuts grass with a jet of water （not so daft, someone has invented one）, is how to ensure you're the one to reap the rewards of your ingenuity. How will all you garden shed boffins out there keep others from capitalizing on your ideas and lining their pockets at your expense?One of the first steps to protect your interest is to patent your invention. That can keep it out of the grasp of the pirates for at least the next 20 years. And for this reason inventors in their droves beat a constant trail from all over the country to the doors of an anonymous grey-fronted building just behind London's Holborn to try and patent their devices.The building houses the Patent Office. It's an ant heap of corridors, offices and filing rooms-a sorting house and storage depot for one of the world's biggest and most varied collections of technical data. Some ten million patents-English and foreign-are listed there.File after file, catalogue after catalogue detail the brain-children of inventors down the centuries, from a 1600's machine gun designed to fire square bullets at infidels and round ones at Christians, to present-day laser, nuclear and computer technology.The first 'letters patent' were granted as long ago as 1449 to a Flemish craftsman by the name of John Utynam. The letters, written in Latin, are still on file at the office.They were granted by King Henry VI and entitled Utynam to 'import into this country' his knowledge of making stained glass windows in order to install such windows at Eton College.Present-day patents procedure is a more sophisticated affair than getting ago-ahead note from the monarch. These days the strict procedures governing whether you get a patent for your revolutionary mouse-trap or solar-powered back-scratcher have been reduced to a pretty exact science.From start to finish it will take around two and a half years and cost ￡165 for the inventor to gain patent protection for his brainchild. That's if he's lucky. By no means all who apply to the Patent Office, which is a branch of the Department of Trade, get a patent.A key man at the Patent Office is Bernard Partridge, Principal Examiner （Administration）, who boils down to one word the vital ingredient any inventor needs before he can hope to overcome the many hurdles in the complex procedure of obtaining a patent-'ingenuity'.6. People take out a patent because they want to __________.（A）keep their ideas from being stolen（B）reap the rewards of somebody else's ingenuity（C）visit the patent office building（D）come up with more new devices7. The phrase 'the brain-children of inventors' （para.5）means _________.（A）the children with high intelligence（B）the inventions that people come up with（C） a device that a child believes to be the answer to the energy crisis（D） a lawnmower that an individual has invented to cut grass8. What have the 1600's machine gun and the present-day laser in common?（A）Both were approved by the monarch.（B）Both were granted by King Henry VI.（C）Both were rejected by the Department of Trade.（D）Both were patented.9. Why is John Utynam still remembered?（A）He is the first person to get a patent for his revolutionary mouse-trap.（B）He is the first person to be granted an official patent.（C）He is the first person to be an officer in the Patent Office.（D）He is the first person to have invented a lawnmower.10. According to the passage, how would you describe the complex procedure of obtaining a patent for an invention?（A）It is rather expensive.（B）It is an impossible task.（C）It is extremely difficult.（D）It is very tricky.Questions 11-15All living cells on earth require moisture for their metabolism. Cereal grains when brought in from the field, although they may appear to be dry, may contain 20 per cent of moisture or more. If they are stored in a bin thus, there is sufficient moisture in them to support several varieties of insects. These insects will, therefore, live and breed and, as they grow and eat the grain, it provides them with biological energy for their life processes. This energy will, just as in man, become manifest as heat. Since the bulk of the grain acts as an insulator, the temperature surrounding the colony of insects will rise so that, not only is part of the grain spoiled by the direct attack of the insects but more may be damaged by the heat. Sometimes, the temperature may even rise to the point where the stored grain catches fire. For safe storage, grain must be dried until its moisture content is 13 per cent or less.Traditional arts of food preservation took advantage of this principle in a number of ways. The plant seeds, wheat, rye, rice, barley millet, maize, are themselves structures evolved by nature to provide stored food. The starch of their endosperm is used for the nourishment of the embryo during the time it over-winters （if it is a plant of the Temperate Zone）and until its new leaves have grown and their chlorophyll can trap energy from the sunlight to nourish the new-grown plant. The separation by threshing and winnowing is, therefore, to some degree part of a technique of food preservation.The direct drying of other foods has also been used. Fish has been dried in many parts of the world besides Africa. Slices of dried meat are prepared by numerous races. Biltong, a form of dried meat, was a customary food for travelers. The drying of meat or fish, either in the sun or over a fire, quite apart from the degree to which it exposes the food to infection by bacteria and infestation by insects, tends also to harm its quality. Proteins are complex molecular structures which are readily disrupted. This is the reason why dried meat becomes tough and can, with some scientific justification, by likened to leather.The technical process of drying foods indirectly by pickling them in the strong salt solutions commonly called 'brine' does less harm to the protein than straightforward drying, particularly if this is carried out at high temperatures. It is for this reason that many of the typical drying processes are not taken to completion. That is to say, the outer parts may be dried leaving a moist inner section. Under these circumstances, preservation is only partial. The dried food keeps longer than it would have undried but it cannot be kept indefinitely. For this reason, traditional processes are to be found in many parts of the world in which a combination of partial drying and pickling in brine is used. Quite often the drying involves exposure to smoke. Foods treated in this way are, besides fish of various sorts, bacon, hams and numerous types of sausages.11. According to the passage, insects spoil stored cereals by ________.（A）consuming all the grain themselves（B）generating heat and raising the surrounding temperature（C）increasing the moisture content in the grain（D）attacking each other for more grain12. In speaking of the traditional methods of food preservation, the writer________.（A）expresses doubts about direct smoking（B）describes salting and pickling as ineffective（C）condemns direct drying（D）mentions threshing and winnowing13. Direct drying affects the quality of meat or fish because ________.（A）it exposes them to insects（B）it makes them hard（C）it damages the protein（D）it develops bacteria14. We can learn from the passage that salting preserves food by ________.（A）destroying the protein（B）drawing away moisture from the food（C）drying the food in the sun（D）dressing the food15. According to the passage, partial drying is useful because ________.（A）it damages the protein less（B）it can be combined with pickling（C）it leaves the inside moist（D）it makes the food softQuestions 16-20We are moving inexorably into the age of automation. Our aim is not to devise a mechanism which can perform a thousand different actions of any individual man but, on the contrary, one which could by a single action replace a thousand men.Industrial automation has moved along three lines. First there is the conveyor belt system of continuous production whereby separate operations are linked into asingle sequence. The goods produced by this well-established method are untouched by the worker, and the machine replaces both unskilled and semiskilled. Secondly, there is automation with feedback control of the quality of the product: here mechanisms are built into the system which can compare the output with a norm, that is, the actual product with what it is supposed to be, and then correct any shortcomings. The entire cycle of operations dispenses with human control except in so far as monitors are concerned. One or two examples of this type of automation will illustrate its immense possibilities. There is a factory in the U.S.A. which makes 1,000 million electric light bulbs a year, and the factory employs three hundred people. If the preautomation techniques were to be employed, the labour force required would leap to 25,000. A motor manufacturing company with 45,000 spare parts regulates their entire supply entirely by computer. Computers can be entrusted with most of the supervision of industrial installations, such as chemical plants or oil refineries. Thirdly, there is computer automation, for banks, accounting departments, insurance companies and the like. Here the essential features are the recording, storing, sorting and retrieval of information.The principal merit of modern computing machines is the achievement of their vastly greater speed of operation by comparison with unaided human effort; a task which otherwise might take years, if attempted at all, now takes days or hours.One of the most urgent problems of industrial societies rapidly introducing automation is how to fill the time that will be made free by the machines which will take over the tasks of the workers. The question is not simply of filling empty time but also of utilizing the surplus human energy that will be released. We are already seeing straws in the wind: destructive outbursts on the part of youth whose work no longer demands muscular strength. While automation will undoubtedly do away with a large number of tedious jobs, are we sure that it will not put others which are equally tedious in their place? For an enormous amount of sheer monitoring will be required. A man in an automated plant may have to sit for hours on and watchingdials and taking decisive action when some signal informs him that all is not well. What meaning will his occupation bear for the worker? How will he devote his free time after a four or five hour stint of labour? Moreover, what, indeed, will be the significance for him of his leisure? If industry of the future could be purged of its monotony and meaninglessness, man would then be better equipped to use his leisure time constructively.16. The main purpose of automation is _________.（A）to devise the machine which could replace the semi-skilled（B）to process information as fast as possible（C）to develop an efficient labor-saving mechanism（D）to make an individual man perform many different actions17. The chief benefit of computing machines is ________.（A）their greater speed of operation（B）their control of the product quality（C）their conveyor belt system of continuous production（D）their supervision of industrial installations18. One of the problems brought about by automation in industrial societies is _________.（A）plenty of information（B）surplus human energy（C）destructive outbursts（D）less leisure time19. Which of the following best explains the use of 'stint' （para.4）?（A）Effort.（B）Force.（C）Excess.（D）Period.20. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?（A）There is no automation with feedback control of the quality of the product.（B）Computers are reliable in any supervision of industrial installations.（C）The essential features for banks are the recording and sorting of information.（D）Automation will undoubtedly eliminate numerous tedious jobs.Questions 21-25The city water pipes in Rome were usually of baked clay or lead; copper was sometimes used and also hollowed stone. For the large supply conduits leading to the city the Romans used covered channels with free water surfaces, rather than pipes. Perhaps this choice was a matter of economics, for apparently they could make lead pipes up to 15 inches in diameter. While pipes can follow the profile of undulating ground, with the pressure increasing in the lower areas, channels cannot. They must slope continuously downwards, because water in channels does not normally flow uphill; and the grade must be flat, from 1 in 60 in small channels to perhaps 1 in 3,000 in large ones, to keep the water speed down to a few feet per second. Thus the main。
2006年9月上海市高级口译第二阶段口试真题试卷(精选)(题后含答案及解析)
2006年9月上海市高级口译第二阶段口试真题试卷（精选）(题后含答案及解析)题型有： 2. 口译题口译题Part A Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. After you have heard each paragraph, interpret it into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal.., and stop it at the signal...You may take notes while you are listening. Remember you will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. Now let us begin Part A with the first passage.听力原文：Britain and China start from a strong foundation, with our bilateral relations in excellent shape. In 1950 Britain was the first western country to recognize the People’s Republic of China. This year we will celebrate the 11th anniversary of the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Since 1997 our exchanges have multiplied dramatically--bilaterally but also multilaterally where we share common interests and responsibilities as Permanent Members of the UN Security Council. // As China embarks on its new phase of development, the UK is ready for partnership. British and Chinese universities can form new partnerships to raise skills and management capacity. Our research institutions and scientists can collaborate to develop the technologies to make innovative products, for example dealing with the environmental challenges which must be solved to guarantee future quality of life. In all this, I see significant mutual benefits--a UK/China Partnership in education exchange and scientific development.1．Passage 1正确答案：英中两国的友谊具有坚实的基础，并建立了牢固的双边关系。
2006年9月英语高级口译真题+答案（1）
Part A: Spot Dictation Directions: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the world or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE. Play is very important for humans from birth to death. Play is not meant to be just for children. It is a form of ___________（1） that can tap into your creativity, and can allow you the chance to find your inner child and the inner child of others. I have collected the ___________ （2） of play here. Play can stimulate you ___________ （3）. It can go against all the rules, and change the same ___________ （4）. Walt Disney was devoted to play, and his willingness to ___________ （5） changed the world of entertainment. The next time you are stuck in a ___________ （6） way of life, pull out a box of color pencils, modeling clay, glue and scissors, and ___________ （7） and break free. You will be amazed at the way your thinking ___________ （8）. Playing can bring greater joy into your life. What do you think the world would be like-if ___________ （9） each day in play? I bet just asking you this question has ___________ （10）. Play creates laughter, joy, entertainment, ___________（11）. Starting today, try to get 30 minutes each day to engage in some form of play, and ___________ （12） rise! Play is known ___________ （13）. Studies show that, as humans, play is part of our nature. We have the need to play because it is instinctive and ___________ （14）. With regular play, our problem-solving and ___________ （15） will be in much better shape to handle this complex world, and we are much more likely to choose ___________ （16） as they arise. It creates laughter and freedom that can instantly reduce stress and __________ （17） to our daily living. Play can ___________ （18）, curiosity, and creativity. Research shows that play is both a 'hands-on' and 'minds-on' learning process. It produces a deeper, ___________ （19） of the world and its possibilities. We begin giving meaning to life through story making, and playing out ___________ （20）. Part B: Listening Comprehension Directions: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation. 1. （A） in Cherry Blossoms Village ninety of the residents are over 85 years old. （B） In the United States, there are twice as many centenarians as there were ten years ago. （C） All the people studied by these scientists from Georgia live in institutions for the elderly. （D） Almost all the residents in Cherry Blossoms Village have unusual hobbies. 2. （A） Whether the centenarians can live independently in small apartments. （B） Whether it is feasible to establish a village for the "oldest old" people. （C） What percentage of the population are centenarians in the state of Georgia. （D） What the real secrets are to becoming an active and healthy 100-year-old. 3. （A） Diet, optimism, activity or mobility, and genetics. （B） Optimism, commitment to interesting things, activity or mobility, and adaptability to loss. （C） The strength to adapt to loss, diet, exercise, and genetics. （D） Diet, exercise, commitment to something they were interested in, and genetics. 4. （A） The centenarians had a high calorie and fat intake. （B） The centenarians basically eat something different. （C） The centenarians eat a low-fat and low-calorie, unprocessed food diet. （D） The centenarians eat spicy food, drink whiskey, and have sweet pork every day. 5. （A） Work hard. （B） Stay busy. （C） Stick to a balanced diet. （D） Always find something to laugh about. Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news. 6. （A） Global temperatures rose by 3 degrees in the 20th century. （B） Global warming may spread disease that could kill a lot of people in Africa. （C） Developed countries no longer depend on fossil fuels for transport and power. （D） The impact of the global warming will be radically reduced by 2050. 7. （A） Taking bribes. （B） Creating a leadership vacuum at the country's top car maker. （C） Misusing company funds for personal spending. （D） Offering cash for political favors. 8. （A） The nation has raised alert status to the highest level and thousands of people have moved to safety. （B） The eruption of Mount Merapi has been the worst in Indonesia over the past two decades. （C） All residents in the region ten kilometers from the base of the mountain have evacuated. （D） The eruption process was a sudden burst and has caused extensive damage and heavy casualty. 9. （A） 6 to 7. （B） 8 to 10. （C） 11 to 16. （D） 17 to 25. 10. （A） Curbing high-level corruption. （B） Fighting organized crime. （C） Investigating convictions of criminals. （D） Surveying the threats to national security. Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview. 11. （A） A wine taster. （B） A master water taster. （C） The host of the show. （D） The engineer who works on the water treatment plant. 12. （A） Berkeley Springs. （B） Santa Barbara. （C） Atlantic City. （D） Sacramento. 13. （A） Being saucy and piquant. （B） Tasting sweet. （C） A certain amount of minerals. （D） An absence of taste. 14. （A） Looking-smelling-tasting. （B） Tasting-smelling-looking. （C） Smelling-looking-tasting. （D） Tasting-looking-smelling. 15. （A） Bathing. （B） Boiling pasta in. （C） Swimming. （D） Making tea. Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk. 16. （A） Enhance reading and math skills. （B） Increase the students' appreciation of nature. （C） Improve math, but not reading skills. （D） Develop reading, but not math skills. 17. （A） To help the students appreciate the arts. （B） To make the students' education more well-rounded. （C） To investigate the impact of arts training. （D） To enhance the students' math skills. 18. （A） Once weekly. （B） Twice weekly. （C） Once a month. （D） Twice a month. 19. （A） Six months. （B） Seven months. （C） Eight months. （D） Nine months. 20. （A） The children's attitude. （B） The children's test scores. （C） Both the children's attitude and test scores. （D） Both the teachers' and the children's attitude.。
2006年9月中级口译真题及答案范文
2006年9月中级口译真题+参考答案1Part A: Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.British people are far more sophisticated about beverages than they were 50 years ago. Witness the Starbucks revolution and you'll know where ___________ （1）goes. However, spurred on by recent studies suggesting that it can cut the risk of ___________ （2）and retard the aging process, tea is enjoying a ___________ （3）.Although tea is available in more places than ever, it remains to be _____________ （4）of a typical British family.If you are invited to an English home, _____________ （5）in the morning you get a cup of tea. It is either brought in by a heartily _____________ （6）or an almost malevolently silent maid. When you are _____________ （7）in your sweetest morning sleep you must not say: 'Go away, you_____________ （8）.' On the contrary, you have to declare with your best five o'clock smile: 'Thank you very much. I _____________ （9）a cup of tea, especially in the morning.' If they leave you alone with the liquid you may pour it _____________ （10）!Then you have ___________ （11）; then you have tea at 11 o'clock in the morning; _____________ （12）; then you have tea for tea; then after supper; and again at eleven o'clock _____________ （13）.You must not refuse any additional cups of tea under the _____________ （14）: if it is hot; if it is cold; if you are _____________ （15）; if you are nervous; if you are watching TV; _____________ （16）; if you have just returned home; if you feel like it; if you do not feel like it; if you have had no tea______________ （17）; if you have just had a cup.You definitely must not ______________ （18）. I sleep at five o'clock in the morning; I have coffee for breakfast; I drink innumerable _____________ （19）during the day; I have the _____________ （20）even at tea-time!Part B: Listening Comprehension1. StatementsDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short statements. These statements will be spoken ONLY ONCE, and you will not find them written on the paper; so you must listen carefully. When you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.1. （A）The program on Channel Eight reminds me of TV commercials.（B）The product advertised in the TV commercial cannot help cure my illness.（C）I don't watch TV that much, because of the omnipresent advertisements.（D）I have to sit on the sofa, because I am too sick to stand in front of the television.2. （A）The plane arrived at 7:30.（B）The plane arrived at 8:00.（C）The plane arrived at 9:00.（D）The plane arrived at 10:00.3. （A）I'll ask someone else to read and check this agreement for errors.（B）I'll think more about the agreement before making a decision.（C）It's obvious that I'll discuss the agreement with my assistant first.（D）It's out of question that I should get into any agreement with you.4. （A）The better members decided to cancel the meeting.（B）Less than half of the committee was away on business trips.（C）It'd be better if no one had attended this morning's committee meeting……（D）The meeting was cancelled because of low attendance.5. （A）Supermarkets in the inner city and the suburbs are usually owned by the same company.（B）Products in grocery stores are more expensive than those in supermarkets.（C）There is a price difference for the same product even in shops run by the same company.（D）People prefer to shop in supermarkets, which are mostly located in the suburbs, with free parking space.6. （A）Many Americans cannot afford higher education because of the soaring college tuition fees and expenses.（B）Sending their children to college is no longer a bigger challenge for millions of Americans.（C）The American government has set the goal that it will eventually stop funding higher education institutions.（D）Nowadays, American parents have to pay more to send their children to college.7. （A）For many university graduates, the jobs they take will not be related to their academic achievements.（B）Because of economic recession, the number of university students majoring in liberal arts is declining.（C）University students who are interested in liberal arts will have more job opportunities upon graduation.（D）With high unemployment rate, many university students will have to opt for transferring to other majors.8. （A）Good business negotiators will never repeat what other people have already restated.（B）Restating by good business negotiators is not an effective way to check the information.（C）Good business negotiators are sometimes curious about other people's restatements.（D）Restating what others have said is a good strategy for confirming understanding.9. （A）We cannot reach an agreement, let alone a spoken promise.（B）We'd better draft and then sign a written agreement.（C）We generally keep our promises in business transactions.（D）We hope you understand why we are unable to keep our promises.10. （A）I don't think you have more to say on that topic.（B）I think we'd better talk about that in detail sometime later.（C）I am truly appreciative if you can elaborate on that topic after lunch.（D）I am busy right now, so we might as well discuss it over lunch today.2. Talks and ConversationsDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks and conversations After each of these, you will hear a few questions. Listen carefully because you will hear the talk or conversation and questions ONLY ONCE. When you hear a question, read the four choices and choose the best answer tothat question. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 11-1411. （A）Two （B）Three （C）Four （D）Five12. （A）A profit-making private school.（B）A non-profit-making independent school.（C）A state school that is funded by non-governmental sources.（D）A secondary school that is open to the majority of British students.13. （A）Many children are no longer placed in schools according to their academic abilities.（B）Many children can afford to study in private schools, as they become part of the state system.（C）Children from wealthy families no longer choose to go and study in public schools.（D）Cleverer children will be sent to the best private schools in the country for a better development.14. （A）Clever and less bright children will mix well with each other.（B）School authorities will receive more funds from the government.（C）Most students will do well in their entrance examination for the higher education.（D）Every child will have an equal opportunity to go on to higher education.Questions 15-1815. （A）One that is unabridged with detailed definitions.（B）One that contains fewer words and emphasizes on special words.（C）One that contains a broad range of words in common usage.（D）One that spans several volumes and has extensive word histories16. （A）The New Oxford Picture Dictionary（B）The American Heritage Dictionary（C）The Dictionary of Legal Terms（D）The Drinking Water Dictionary17. （A）It lists abbreviations, proper nouns, and tables of measures.（B）It is an unabridged edition providing as many as 500,000 entries.（C）It was randomly compiled and contains as many foreign words as possible. （D）It provides detailed information of famous people and places.18. （A）A school dictionary. （B） A college dictionary.（C）A general dictionary. （D）A specialized dictionary.Questions 19-2219. （A）He's bought his wife a present. （B）He's missed an important phone call. （C）He's dismissed his new secretary. （D）He's popped out shopping.20. （A）Talking about the latest fashion.（B）Offering special reductions.（C）Giving bigger discounts to female customers.（D）Pressing on the customer to make a decision.21. （A）Upside down and inside out. （B）Inside out and back to front. （C）With its sleeves as trouser legs. （D）With its pattern upside down.22. （A）A V-necked pullover with short sleeves.（B）A high-necked pullover with long sleeves.（C）A white pullover with a pattern.（D）A blue pullover with a high neck.Questions 23-2623. （A）That of a creator. （B）That of a re-creator.（C）That of a receiver. （D）That of a performer.24. （A）Because we need to concentrate for our quiet thought.（B）Because we want to give full attention to the driving.（C）Because we try to avoid being caught by the patrolling police.（D）Because we intend to be as casual as possible in the driving.25. （A）In the elevator. （B）In the car.（C）In the bathroom. （D）In the church.26. （A）By perceptive and analytical listening.（B）By taking a sonic bath.（C）By attending classical concerts.（D）By listening to an emotional piece of music.Questions 27-3027. （A）His grandfather's house. （B）His parents' remarks.（C）A magazine. （D）A coursebook.28. （A）Enjoying visiting zoos. （B）Driving a car.（C）Making money. （D）Taking kids to a museum.29. （A）It died a few years ago. （B）It killed several tourists.（C）It is only a legend. （D）It is a living dinosaur.30. （A）No one has provided an accurate des cription of the animal.（B）No dead bodies of the animal have ever been found.（C）There are only 500 species living in Loch Ness.（D）The lake is not deep enough for such a huge animal.Part C: Listening and Translation1. Sentence TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 sentences in English. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.（1）（2）（3）（4）（5）2. Passage TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.（1）（2）SECTION 2: STUDY SKILLS （45 minutes）Directions: In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by several questions based on its content. You are to choose ONE best answer, （A）, （B）, （C）or （D）, to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1-5The purpose of the American court system is to protect the rights of the people. According to American law, if someone is accused of a crime, he or she is considered innocent until the court proves that the person is guilty. In other words, it is the responsibility of the court to prove that a person is guilty. It is not the responsibility of the person to prove that he or she is innocent.In order to arrest a person, the police have to be reasonably sure that a crime has been committed. The police must give the suspect the reasons why they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law. Then the police take the suspect to the police station to "book" him. "Booking means that the name of the person and the charges against him are formally listed at the police station.The next step is for the suspect to go before a judge. The judge decides whether the suspect should be kept in jail or released. If the suspect has no previous criminal record and the judge feels that he will return to court rather than run away-for example, because he owns a house and has a family-he can go free. Otherwise, the suspect must put up bail. At this time, too, the judge will appoint a court layer to defend the suspect if he can't afford one.The suspect returns to court a week or two later. A lawyer from the district attorney's office presents a case against the suspect. This is called a hearing. The attorney may present evidence as well as witnesses. The judge at the hearing then decides whether there is enough reason to hold a trial. If the judge decides that there is sufficient evidence to call for a trial, he or she sets a date for the suspect to appear in court to formally plead guilty or not guilty.At the trial, a jury of 12 people listens to the evidence from both attorneys and hears the testimony of the witnesses. Then the jury goes into a private room to consider the evidence and decide whether the defendant is guilty of the crime. If the jury decides that the defendant is innocent, he goes free. However, if he is convicted, the judge sets a date for the defendant to appear in court again for sentencing. At this time, the judge tells the convicted person what his punishment will be. The judge may sentence him to prison, order him to pay a fine, or place him on probation.The American justice system is very complex and sometimes operates slowly. However, every step is designed to protect the rights of the people. These individual rights are the basis, or foundation, of the American government.1. What is the main idea of the passage?（A）The American court system requires that a suspect prove that he or she is innocent.（B）The US court system is designed to protect the rights of the people.（C）Under the American court system, judge decides if a suspect is innocent or guilty.（D）The US court system is designed to help the police present a case against the suspect.2. What follows 'in other words' （para.1）?（A）An example of the previous sentence.（B）A new idea about the court system.（C）An item of evidence to call for a trial.（D）A restatement of the previous sentence.3. According to the passage, 'he can go free' （para.3）means _________.（A）the suspect is free to choose a lawyer to defend him（B）the suspect does not have to go to trial because the judge has decided he is innocent （C）the suspect will be informed by mail whether he is innocent or not（D）the suspect does not have to wait in jail or pay money until he goes to trial4. What is the purpose of having the suspect pay bail?（A）To pay for the judge and the trial.（B）To pay for a court lawyer to defend the suspect.（C）To ensure that the suspect will return to court.（D）To ensure that the suspect will appear in prison.5. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?（A）The American justice system sometimes operates slowly.（B）The police can arrest a suspect without giving any reasons.（C）It is the responsibility of the suspect to prove he is innocent.（D）The jury considers the evidence in the court room.Questions 6-10So you've got an invention-you and around 39,000 others each year, according to 2002 statistics!The 64,000-dollar question, if you have come up with a device which you believe to be the answer to the energy crisis or you've invented a lawnmower which cuts grass with a jet of water （not so daft, someone has invented one）, is how to ensure you're the one to reap the rewards of your ingenuity. How will all you garden shed boffins out there keep others from capitalizing on your ideas and lining their pockets at your expense?One of the first steps to protect your interest is to patent your invention. That can keep it out of the grasp of the pirates for at least the next 20 years. And for this reason inventors in their droves beat a constant trail from all over the country to the doors of an anonymous grey-fronted building just behind London's Holborn to try and patent their devices.The building houses the Patent Office. It's an ant heap of corridors, offices and filing rooms-a sorting house and storage depot for one of the world's biggest and most varied collections of technical data. Some ten million patents-English and foreign-are listed there.File after file, catalogue after catalogue detail the brain-children of inventors down the centuries, from a 1600's machine gun designed to fire square bullets at infidels and round ones at Christians, to present-day laser, nuclear and computer technology.The first 'letters patent' were granted as long ago as 1449 to a Flemish craftsman by the name of John Utynam. The letters, written in Latin, are still on file at the office. They were granted by King Henry VI and entitled Utynam to 'import into this country' his knowledge of making stained glass windows in order to install such windows at Eton College.Present-day patents procedure is a more sophisticated affair than getting a go-ahead note from the monarch. These days the strict procedures governing whether you get a patent for your revolutionary mouse-trap or solar-powered back-scratcher have been reduced to a pretty exact science.From start to finish it will take around two and a half years and cost ￡165 for the inventor to gain patent protection for his brainchild. That's if he's lucky. By no means all who apply to the Patent Office, which is a branch of the Department of Trade, get a patent.A key man at the Patent Office is Bernard Partridge, Principal Examiner （Administration）, who boils down to one word the vital ingredient any inventor needs before he can hope to overcome the many hurdles in the complex procedure of obtaining a patent-'ingenuity'.6. People take out a patent because they want to __________.（A）keep their ideas from being stolen（B）reap the rewards of somebody else's ingenuity（C）visit the patent office building（D）come up with more new devices7. The phrase 'the brain-children of inventors' （para.5）means _________.（A）the children with high intelligence（B）the inventions that people come up with（C）a device that a child believes to be the answer to the energy crisis（D）a lawnmower that an individual has invented to cut grass8. What have the 1600's machine gun and the present-day laser in common?（A）Both were approved by the monarch.（B）Both were granted by King Henry VI.（C）Both were rejected by the Department of Trade.（D）Both were patented.9. Why is John Utynam still remembered?（A）He is the first person to get a patent for his revolutionary mouse-trap.（B）He is the first person to be granted an official patent.（C）He is the first person to be an officer in the Patent Office.（D）He is the first person to have invented a lawnmower.10. According to the passage, how would you describe the complex procedure of obtaining a patent for an invention?（A）It is rather expensive.（B）It is an impossible task.（C）It is extremely difficult.（D）It is very tricky.Questions 11-15All living cells on earth require moisture for their metabolism. Cereal grains when brought in from the field, although they may appear to be dry, may contain 20 per cent of moisture or more. If they are stored in a bin thus, there is sufficient moisture in them to support several varieties of insects. These insects will, therefore, live and breed and, as they grow and eat the grain, it provides them with biological energy for their life processes. This energy will, just as in man, become manifest as heat. Since the bulk of the grain acts as an insulator, the temperature surrounding the colony of insects will rise so that, not only is part of the grain spoiled by the direct attack of the insects but more may be damaged by the heat. Sometimes, the temperature may even rise to the point where the stored grain catches fire. For safe storage, grain must be dried until its moisture content is 13 per cent or less.Traditional arts of food preservation took advantage of this principle in a number of ways. The plant seeds, wheat, rye, rice, barley millet, maize, are themselves structures evolved by nature to provide stored food. The starch of their endosperm is used for the nourishment of the embryo during the time it over-winters （if it is a plant of the Temperate Zone）and until its new leaves have grown and their chlorophyll can trap energy from the sunlight to nourish the new-grown plant. The separation by threshing and winnowing is, therefore, to some degree part of a technique of food preservation.The direct drying of other foods has also been used. Fish has been dried in many parts of the world besides Africa. Slices of dried meat are prepared by numerous races. Biltong, a form of dried meat, was a customary food for travelers. The drying of meat or fish, either in the sun or over a fire, quite apart from the degree to which it exposes the food to infection by bacteria and infestation by insects, tends also to harm its quality. Proteins are complex molecular structures which are readily disrupted. This is the reason why dried meat becomes tough and can, with some scientific justification, by likened to leather.The technical process of drying foods indirectly by pickling them in the strong salt solutions commonly called 'brine' does less harm to the protein than straightforward drying, particularly if this is carried out at high temperatures. It is for this reason that many of the typical drying processes are not taken to completion. That is to say, the outer parts may be dried leaving a moist inner section. Under these circumstances, preservation is only partial. The dried food keeps longer than it would have undried but it cannot be kept indefinitely. For this reason, traditional processes are to be found in many parts of the world in which a combination of partial drying and pickling in brine is used. Quite often the drying involves exposure to smoke. Foods treated in this way are, besides fish of various sorts, bacon, hams and numerous types of sausages.11. According to the passage, insects spoil stored cereals by ________.（A）consuming all the grain themselves（B）generating heat and raising the surrounding temperature（C）increasing the moisture content in the grain（D）attacking each other for more grain12. In speaking of the traditional methods of food preservation, the writer ________. （A）expresses doubts about direct smoking（B）describes salting and pickling as ineffective（C）condemns direct drying（D）mentions threshing and winnowing13. Direct drying affects the quality of meat or fish because ________.（A）it exposes them to insects（B）it makes them hard（C）it damages the protein（D）it develops bacteria14. We can learn from the passage that salting preserves food by ________.（A）destroying the protein（B）drawing away moisture from the food（C）drying the food in the sun（D）dressing the food15. According to the passage, partial drying is useful because ________.（A）it damages the protein less（B）it can be combined with pickling（C）it leaves the inside moist（D）it makes the food softQuestions 16-20We are moving inexorably into the age of automation. Our aim is not to devise a mechanism which can perform a thousand different actions of any individual man but, on the contrary, one which could by a single action replace a thousand men.Industrial automation has moved along three lines. First there is the conveyor belt system of continuous production whereby separate operations are linked into a single sequence. The goods produced by this well-established method are untouched by the worker, and the machine replaces both unskilled and semiskilled. Secondly, there is automation with feedback control of the quality of the product: here mechanisms are built into the system which can compare the output with a norm, that is, the actual product with what it is supposed to be, and then correct any shortcomings. The entire cycle of operations dispenses with human control except in so far as monitors are concerned. One or two examples of this type of automation will illustrate its immense possibilities. There is a factory in the U.S.A. which makes 1,000 million electric light bulbs a year, and the factory employs three hundred people. If the preautomation techniques were to be employed, the labour force required would leap to 25,000. A motor manufacturing company with 45,000 spare parts regulates their entire supply entirely by computer. Computers can be entrusted with most of the supervision of industrial installations, such as chemical plants or oil refineries. Thirdly, there is computer automation, for banks, accounting departments, insurance companies and the like. Here the essential features are the recording, storing, sorting and retrieval of information.The principal merit of modern computing machines is the achievement of their vastly greater speed of operation by comparison with unaided human effort; a task which otherwise might take years, if attempted at all, now takes days or hours.One of the most urgent problems of industrial societies rapidly introducing automation is how to fill the time that will be made free by the machines which will take over the tasks of the workers. Thequestion is not simply of filling empty time but also of utilizing the surplus human energy that will be released. We are already seeing straws in the wind: destructive outbursts on the part of youth whose work no longer demands muscular strength. While automation will undoubtedly do away with a large number of tedious jobs, are we sure that it will not put others which are equally tedious in their place? For an enormous amount of sheer monitoring will be required. A man in an automated plant may have to sit for hours on and watching dials and taking decisive action when some signal informs him that all is not well. What meaning will his occupation bear for the worker? How will he devote his free time after a four or five hour stint of labour? Moreover, what, indeed, will be the significance for him of his leisure? If industry of the future could be purged of its monotony and meaninglessness, man would then be better equipped to use his leisure time constructively.16. The main purpose of automation is _________.（A）to devise the machine which could replace the semi-skilled（B）to process information as fast as possible（C）to develop an efficient labor-saving mechanism（D）to make an individual man perform many different actions17. The chief benefit of computing machines is ________.（A）their greater speed of operation（B）their control of the product quality（C）their conveyor belt system of continuous production（D）their supervision of industrial installations18. One of the problems brought about by automation in industrial societies is _________.（A）plenty of information（B）surplus human energy（C）destructive outbursts（D）less leisure time19. Which of the following best explains the use of 'stint' （para.4）?（A）Effort.（B）Force.（C）Excess.（D）Period.20. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?（A）There is no automation with feedback control of the quality of the product.（B）Computers are reliable in any supervision of industrial installations.（C）The essential features for banks are the recording and sorting of information.（D）Automation will undoubtedly eliminate numerous tedious jobs.Questions 21-25The city water pipes in Rome were usually of baked clay or lead; copper was sometimes used and also hollowed stone. For the large supply conduits leading to the city the Romans used covered channels with free water surfaces, rather than pipes. Perhaps this choice was a matter of economics, for apparently they could make lead pipes up to 15 inches in diameter. While pipes can follow the profile of undulating ground, with the pressure increasing in the lower areas, channels cannot. They must slope continuously downwards, because water in channels does not normally flow uphill; and the grade must be flat, from 1 in 60 in small channels to perhaps 1 in 3,000 in large ones, to keep the water speed down to a few feet per。
中级口译历年翻译真题
英译中The shape of the world is changing almost as dramatically as this city's skyline. Today the cold war is over. The risk of the global nuclear conflict has been greatly reduced and the free flow of goods and ideas is bringing to life the concept of a global village. But just as all nations can benefit from the promise of this new world, no nation is immune to its perils. We all have a stake in building peace and prosperity, and in confronting threats that respects no borders—terrorism and drug trafficking, disease and environmental destruction. To meet these challenges most effectively, China and the United States must act in concert. Some argue that with the Cold War's end, the strategic importance of the US-China relationship has diminished. I believe they have it exactly backwards. As a new century begins, the importance of strengthening the ties between the United States and China will grow even greater.【参考译文】世界的面貌正在发生引人注目的变化，其变化之快几乎就象这座城市德空中轮廓。
2006年9月高级口译翻译真题
2006年9月高级口译翻译真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)1.中华文明历来注重亲仁善邻，讲求和睦相处。
中华民族历来爱好和平。
中国人在对外关系中始终秉承“强不执弱”、“富不侮贫”的精神，主张“协和万邦”。
中国人提倡“海纳百川，有容乃大”，主张吸纳百家优长、兼集八方精义。
今天，中国通过维护世界和平来发展自己，又通过自身的发展来促进世界和平。
中国坚持实施互利共赢的对外开放战略，真诚愿意同各国广泛开展合作，真诚愿意兼收并蓄、博采各种文明之长，以合作谋和平、以合作促发展，推动建设一个持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。
（分数：50.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：( The Chinese civilization has always given prominence to good neighborliness. The Chinese nation cherishes peace. In foreign relations, the Chinese have always believed that “the strong should not oppress the weak and the rich should not bully the poor” and advocated that “all nations live side by side in perfect harmony.” The Chinese held that “one should be as inclusive as the ocean, which is vast because it admits hundreds of rivers” and called for drawing upon the strength of others. Today, China seeks to accelerate its development by upholding world peace. The world peace is, in turn, enhanced by China’s development. China firmly pursues a strategy of opening-up for mutual benefit and win-win outcomes. It genuinely wishes to enter into extensive cooperation with other countries. It is inclusive and is eager to draw on the strength of other civilizations to pursue peace and development through cooperation and play its part in building a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity. )解析：2.Answer: A proposal to change long-standing federal policy and deny citizenship to babies born to illegal immigrants on U.S. soil ran aground this month in Congress, but it is sure to resurface—kindling bitter debate even if it fails to become law. At issue is “birthright citizenship”—provided for since the Constitution’s 14th Amendment wasratified in 1868. Section 1 of that amendment, drafted with freed slaves in mind, says:“All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citiz ens of the United States.” Some conservatives in Congress, as well as advocacy groups seeking to crack down on illegal immigration, say the amendment has been misapplied over the years, that it was never intended to grant citizenship automatically to babies of illegal immigrants. Thus they contend that federal legislation, rather than a difficult-to-achieve constitutional amendment, would be sufficient to end birthright citizenship. “Most Americans feel it doesn’t make any sense for people to come into the country illegally, give birth and have a new U.S. citizen,” said the spokesman of the federation of American immigration reform. “But the advocates for illegal immigrants will make a fuss; they’ll claim you’re punishing the children, and I suspect the leadership doesn’t want to deal with that.”（分数：50.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：( 本月，一项意在改变长期存在的联邦政策、拒绝给予在美非法移民所生的子女的公民身份的提案在国会遭搁浅，但是这个提案定将再次露面――即使不能成为法律，也会引发激烈的争论。
2006年9月英语高级口译真题+答案（5）
SECTION 5: READING TEST （30 minutes） Directions: Read the following passages and then answer IN COMPLETE SENTENCES the questions which follow each passage. Use only information from the passage you have just read and write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Questions 1-3 In the 5,000 years since Ancient Egyptians experimented with scented plants, aromatherapy has been credited with a plethora of powers. Today it is a multimillion-pound industry, recognized as effective by three quarters of the adult population and hailed as a cure for problems from nicotine addiction to baldness. But aromatherapy could be little more than an illusion, psychologists argue. Neil Martin, from Middlesex University, a specialist in the psychology of olfaction, has a less polite word for it: "bunkum". Dr Martin enlisted 60 volunteers and subjected them all to experimentally induced pain by getting them to plunge their forearms into ice-cold water for 15 minutes.A third of participants were exposed to a pleasant lemon odour, a third to the odour of machine oil and the rest were in an odourless room. They were asked to rate the amount of pain they felt on a scale of 0 （painless） to 11 （unbearable）every five minutes. At the first time of asking, those exposed to an odour reported significantly higher pain levels, with a score of 8 for both groups, than the control group, which had an average of 6. After 15 minutes the pain level of the no-odour group had fallen to 5. Among the lemon-odour group it had fallen to 6?, while for the machine oil group it remained at 8. Dr Martin said his findings showed not merely that aromatherapy had no effect but that it could be positively harmful. "Aromatherapy appears to be counter-productive. Most claims by aroma therapists have no basis in science," he said. "The effect it has on real hard illnesses are non-existent. It is a waste of time and money. Exposure to both odours increased the pain. It could be that the odours had a stimulant effect and drew attention to the pain because it made the experience of being in the room with the bucket of water more noticeable." He accepted, however, that aromatherapy may have a powerful placebo effect. "People going to aromatherapy have a mental problem or a physical disorder that they want to have treated and the belief that they want to get better can overcome the inefficacy of the treatment," he said. He added that previous research into aromatherapy had been largely inconclusive. Dr Martin's research, presented at the British Psychological Society annual conference in Cardiff, comes after the release of a study last week claiming that spinal manipulation, another popular form of complementary medicine, did not work and could make matters worse. Both papers are highly contentious. The British public now spends more than ￡24 million a year on over-the-counter aromatherapy products such as essential oils, and 75 per cent of the population believe that the treatment works. Carole Preen, the secretary of the Aromatherapy Consortium, disputed Dr Martin's findings. "This research didn't involve aromatherapy because they simply used a certain smell to try and gain an effect. Aromatherapy is not a cure and no one would ever make that claim, but there is a wealth of scientific research published in journals to show that it can be beneficial. It can lift mood, alleviate pain and helps very many people," she said. WHAT'S IN A SMELL The British public spends more than 24 million a year on over-the-counter aromatherapy products such as essential oils 75 per cent of the population believes that the treatment works Aromatherapy had been hailed as a cure for problems ranging from nicotine addiction to baldness The Prince of Wales is a fan. Peterborough prison last year hired two holistic therapists for its inmates There are 7,000 therapists registered with the Aromatherapy Organisations Council Hammersmith Hospital, in West London, offers aromatherapy massages for NHS cancer patients 619words 1. What is aromatherapy? 2. What is Dr Martin's view over aromatherapy? Give a brief introduction of his experiment. 3. What is Carole Preen's opinion of Dr Martin's research? Questions 4-6 When pastor Ken Baugh announced he'd be devoting eight consecutive Sundays to analyzing The Da Vinci Code in the run-up to its film release, he knew some members of his Southern California megachurch would be skeptical. But Baugh also knew that many of his congregants had read the book and that many more would see the movie. "Dan Brown did the church a favor," Baugh says. "He forced people who call themselves followers of Christ to investigate what that really means." Baugh is hardly alone. Evangelical leaders have attempted to seize on Brown's success as an opportunity to reinforce the faith of believers and to win new souls. In the three years since the book's release, evangelical writers and thinkers have produced a flurry of books, study guides, and DVDs to counter Dan Brown's fiction. "This movie will be a major cultural phenomenon, so discussions about Jesus and the church will happen," says Robert Johnston, a professor of theology and culture at Fuller Theological Seminary. "The only question is whether the church will be a part of the conversation." Turnabout. To be sure, evangelical leaders have been critical of The Da Vinci Code. "This has all the evidence of something cooked up in the fires of hell," evangelical radio broadcaster James Dobson said on Focus on the Family. It's because the book and fihn pose such a threat, many evangelicals say, that it warrants a strong response. "We're making the best of a situation that is going to do a lot of damage," says Erwin Lutzer of Chicago's Moody Church and author of The Da Vinci Deception. "When you are faced with a dam that seems to be breaking, you can't prop it up by saying, 'We're going to stand against it.'" It's a remarkable turnabout from the outcry that greeted Martin Scorsese's The Last Temptation of Christ, in 1988, when Campus Crusade for Christ called for a boycott. Rather than boycott The Da Vinci Code, Campus Crusade has retained popular evangelical speaker Josh McDowell, author of The Da Vinci Code: A Quest for Answers, to challenge Brown's assertions. "I don't recommend people go to the movie, but 90 percent of them will," says McDwell. "The guy is a phenomenal writer, and I can't take that away from him." The reaction represents a shift within the evangelical community. "Five years ago, there might have been more of a backlash against this film," says Calvin College Prof. William Romanowski. "But movies like The Passion of the Christ changed attitudes …… evangelicals are now trying to penetrate the mainstream media."。
06年9月上海中级口译真题参考答案
06年9月上海中级口译真题参考答案参考答案：SECTION ONE：LISTENING TESTPART A SPOT DICTATION1. the trend2. cancer and heart disease3. similar and a reviving jolt4. a long tradition5. at 5 o'clock6. smiling hostess7. disturbed8. deserve to be shot9. do adore10. down the wash basin11. breakfast12. Then, after lunch13. at night14. following circumstances15. exhausted16. Before you go out17. for some time18. follow my example19. cups of black coffee20. most unusual drinksPART B LISTENING COMPREHENSIONStatements:1-5 CCBDC6-10 DADBBL&C11-14 CBAD15-18 CBAD19-22 DCBA23-26 CBDA27-30 CADBPART C LISTENING AND TRANSLATIONGSentence translation1. 昨天我们过的很愉快。
我们先去了情人港(达令港)吃午饭，然后开车在悉尼市内兜风，看了看这个城市。
2. 中国经济明年预计增长超过8%，大多数投资专家都对明年的经济形势表示非常乐观。
3. 尽管身边环境过于拥挤，且工作时间过长，带来很大压力，但日本的男性普遍寿命都达到75岁，而女性平均寿命达81岁。
4. 虽然工程师们无法确定，新计划是否会有效，但它看起来是解决问题的好方法，至少书面上看起来是这样。
2006年9月英语高级口译真题+答案（2）
SECTION 2: READING TEST （30 minutes） Directions: In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, （A）, （B）, （C） or （D）, to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Questions 1-5 Anyone who doubts that children are born with a healthy amount of ambition need spend only a few minutes with a baby eagerly learning to walk or a headstrong toddler starting to talk. No matter how many times the little ones stumble in their initial efforts, most keep on trying, determined to master their amazing new skill. It is only several years later, around the start of middle or junior high school, many psychologists and teachers agree, that a good number of kids seem to lose their natural drive to succeed and end up joining the ranks of underachievers. For the parents of such kids, whose own ambition is often inextricably tied to their children's success, it can be a bewildering, painful experience. So it's no wonder some parents find themselves hoping that, just maybe, ambition can be taught like any other subject at school. It's not quite that simple. "Kids can be given the opportunities to become passionate about a subject or activity, but they can't be forced," says Jacquelynne Eccles, a psychology professor at the University of Michigan, who led a landmark, 25-year study examining what motivated first-and seventh-grades in three school districts. Even so, a growing number of educators and psychologists do believe it is possible to unearth ambition in students who don't seem to have much. They say that by instilling confidence, encouraging some risk taking, being accepting of failure and expanding the areas in which children may be successful, both parents and teachers can reignite that innate desire to achieve. Figuring out why the fire went out is the first step. Assuming that a kid doesn't suffer from an emotional or learning disability, or isn't involved in some family crisis at home, many educators attribute a sudden lack of motivation to a fear of failure or peer pressure that conveys the message that doing well academically somehow isn't cool. "Kids get so caught up in the moment-to-moment issue of will they look smart or dumb, and it blocks them from thinking about the long term," says Carol Dweck, a psychology professor at Stanford. "You have to teach them that they are in charge of their intellectual growth." Over the past couple of years, Dweck has helped run an experimental workshop with New York City public school seventh-graders to do just that. Dubbed Brainology, the unorthodox approach uses basic neuroscience to teach kids how the brain works and how it can continue to develop throughout life. "The message is that everything is within the kids' control, that their intelligence is malleable," says Lisa Blackwell, a research scientist at Columbia University who has worked with Dweck to develop and run the program, which has helped increase the students' interest in school and turned around their declining math grades. More than any teacher or workshop, Blackwell says, "parents can play a critical role in conveying this message to their children by praising their effort, strategy and progress rather than emphasizing their 'smartness' or praising high performance alone. Most of all, parents should let their kids know that mistakes are a part of learning." Some experts say our education system, with its strong emphasis on testing and rigid separation of students into different levels of ability, also bears blame for the disappearance of drive in some kids. "These programs shut down the motivation of all kids who aren't considered gifted and talented. They destroy their confidence," says Jeff Howard, a social psychologist and president of the Efficacy Institute, a Boston-area organization that works with teachers and parents in school districts around the country to help improve children's academic performance. Howard and other educators say it's important to expose kids to a world beyond homework and tests, through volunteer work, sports, hobbies and other extracurricular activities. "The crux of the issue is that many students experience education as irrelevant to their life goals and ambitions," says Michael Nakkual, a Harvard education professor who runs a Boston-area mentoring program called Project IF （Inventing the Future）, which works to get low-income underachievers in touch with their aspirations. The key to getting kids to aim higher at school is to disabuse them of the notion that classwork is irrelevant, to show them how doing well at school can actually help them fulfill their dreams beyond it. Like any ambitious toddler, they need to understand that you have to learn to walk before you can run. 1. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the first paragraph? （A） Children are born with a kind of healthy ambition. （B） How a baby learns to walk and talk. （C） Ambition can be taught like other subjects at school. （D） Some teenage children lose their drive to succeed. 2. According to some educators and psychologists, all of the following would be helpful to cultivate students' ambition to succeed EXCEPT ________. （A） stimulating them to build up self-confidence （B） cultivating the attitude of risk taking （C） enlarging the areas for children to succeed （D） making them understand their family crisis 3. What is the message that peer pressure conveys to children? （A） A sudden lack of motivation is attributed to the student's failure. （B） Book knowledge is not as important as practical experience. （C） Looking smart is more important for young people at school. （D） To achieve academic excellence should not be treated as the top priority. 4. The word "malleable" in the clause "that their intelligence is malleable," （para.3） most probably means capable of being ________. （A） altered and developed （B） blocked and impaired （C） sharpened and advanced （D） replaced and transplanted 5. The expression "to disabuse them of the notion" （para.4） can be paraphrased as ________. （A） to free them of the idea （B） to help them understand the idea （C） to imbue them with the notion （D） to inform them of the concept Questions 6-10 Civil-liberties advocates reeling from the recent revelations on surveillance had something else to worry about last week: the privacy of the billions of search queries made on sites like Google, AOL, Yahoo and Microsoft. As part of a long-running court case, the government has asked those companies to turn over information on its users' search behavior. All but Google have handed over data, and now the Department of Justice has moved to compel the search giant to turn over the goods. What makes this case different is that the intended use of the information is not related to national security, but the government's continuing attempt to police Internet pornography. In 1998, Congress passed the Child Online Protection Act （COPA）, but courts h a v e b l o c k e d i t s i m p l e m e n t a t i o n d u e t o F i r s t A m e n d m e n t c o n c e r n s . I n i t s a p p e a l , t h e D O J w a n t s t o p r o v e h o w e a s y i t i s t o i n a d v e r t e n t l y s t u m b l e u p o n p o r e . I n o r d e r t o c o n d u c t a c o n t r o l l e d e x p e r i m e n t - t o b e p e r f o r m e d b y a U C B e r k e l e y p r o f e s s o r o f s t a t i s t i c s - t h e D O J w a n t s t o u s e a l a r g e s a m p l e o f a c t u a l s e a r c h t e r m s f r o m t h e d i f f e r e n t s e a r c h e n g i n e s . I t w o u l d t h e n u s e t h o s e t e r m s t o d o i t s o w n s e a r c h e s , e m p l o y i n g t h e d i f f e r e n t k i n d s o f f i l t e r s e a c h s e a r c h e n g i n e o f f e r s , i n a n a t t e m p t t o q u a n t i f y h o w o f t e n " m a t e r i a l t h a t i s h a r m f u l t o m i n o r s " m i g h t a p p e a r . G o o g l e c o n t e n d s t h a t s i n c e i t i s n o t a p a r t y t o t h e c a s e , t h e g o v e r n m e n t h a s n o t r i g h t t o d e m a n d i t s p r o p r i e t a r y i n f o r m a t i o n t o p e r f o r m i t s t e s t . " W e i n t e n d t o r e s i s t t h e i r m o t i o n v i g o r o u s l y , " s a i d G o o g l e a t t o r n e y N i c o l e W o n g . / p >。
中级口译真题2006年9月范文
2006年秋季英语中级口译资格证书第一阶段考试SECTION 1: LISTENING TESTPart A: Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.British people are far more sophisticated about beverages than they were 50 years ago. Witness the Starbucks revolution and you'll know where (1) goes. However, spurred on by recent studies suggesting that it can cut the risk of (2) and retard the aging process, tea is enjoying a (3) .Although tea is available in more places than ever, it remains to be (4) of a typical British family.If you are invited to an English home, (5) in the morning you get a cup of tea. It is either brought in by a heartily (6) or an almost malevolently silent maid. When you are (7) in your sweetest morning sleep you must not say: "Go away, you (8)." On the contrary, you have to declare with your best five o'clock smile. "Thank you very much. I (9) a cup of tea, especially in the morning." If they leave you alone with the liquid you may pour it (10) !Then you have (11) ; then you have tea at 11 o'clock in the morning; (12) ; then you have tea for tea; then after supper; and again at eleven o'clock (13) .You must not refuse any additional cups of tea under the (14) if it is hot; if it is cold; if you are (15) ; if you are nervous; if you are watching TV; (16) ; if you have just returned home; if you feel like it; if you do not feel like it; if you have had no tea (17) ; if you have just had a cup.You definitely must not (18) . I sleep at five o'clock in the morning; I have coffee for breakfast; I drink innumerable (19) during the day; I have the (20) even at tea-time! Part B: Listening ComprehensionⅠ. StatementsDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short statements. These statements will be spoken ONLY ONCE, and you will not find them written on the paper ; so you must listen carefully. When you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.1. (A) The program on Channel Eight reminds me of TV commercials.(B) The product advertised in the TV commercial cannot help cure my illness.(C) I don't watch TV that much, because of the omnipresent advertisements.(D) I have to sit on the sofa, because I am too sick to stand in front of the television.2. (A) The plane arrived at 7:30.(B) The plane arrived at 8:00.(C) The plane arrived at 9:00.(D) The plane arrived at 10:00.3. (A) I'll ask someone else to read and check this agreement for errors.(B) I'll think more about the agreement before making a decision.(C) It's obvious that I'll discuss the agreement with my assistant first.(D) It's out of question that I should get into any agreement with you.4. (A) The better members decided to cancel the meeting.(B) Less than half of the committee was away on business trips.(C) It'd be better if no one had attended this morning's committee meeting.(D) The meeting was cancelled because of low attendance.5. (A) Supermarkets in the inner city and the suburbs are usually owned by the same company.(B) Products in grocery stores are more expensive than those in supermarkets.(C) There is a price difference for the same product even in shops run by the same company.(D) People prefer to shop in supermarkets, which are mostly located in the suburbs, with free parking space.6. (A) Many Americans cannot afford higher education because of the soaring college tuition fees and expenses.(B) Sending their children to college is no longer a bigger challenge for millions of Americans.(C) The American government has set the goal that it will eventually stop funding higher education institutions.(D) Nowadays, American parents have to pay more to send their children to college.7. (A) For many university graduates, the jobs they take will not be related to their academic achievements.(B) Because of economic recession, the number of university students majoring in liberal arts is declining.(C) University students who are interested in liberal arts will have more job opportunities upon graduation.(D) With high unemployment rate, many university students will have to opt for transferring to other majors.8. (A) Good business negotiators will never repeat what other people have already restated.(B) Restating by good business negotiators is not an effective way to check the information.(C) Good business negotiators are sometimes curious about other people's restatements.(D) Restating what others have said is a good strategy for confirming understanding.9. (A) We cannot reach an agreement, let alone a spoken promise.(B) We'd better draft and then sign a written agreement.(C) We generally keep our promises in business transactions.(D) We hope you understand why we are unable to keep our promises.10. (A) I don't think you have more to say on that topic.(B) I think we'd better talk about that in detail sometime later.(C) I am truly appreciative if you can elaborate on that topic after lunch.(D) I am busy right now, so we might as well discuss it over lunch today.ⅡTalks and ConversationsDirections:In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks and conversations. After each of these, you will hear a few questions. Listen carefully because you will hear the talk or conversation and questions ONLY ONCE. When you hear a question, read the four answer choices and choose the best answer to that question. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.11. (A) Two (B) Three (C) Four (D) Five12. (A) A profit-making private school.(B) A non-profit-making independent school.(C) A state school that is funded by non-governmental sources.(D) A secondary school that is open to the majority of British students.13. (A) Many children are no longer placed in schools according to their academic abilities.(B) Many children can afford to study in private schools, as they become part of the state system.(C) Children from wealthy families no longer choose to go and study in public schools.(D) Cleverer children will be sent to the best private schools in the country for a better development.14. (A) Clever and less bright children will mix well with each other.(B) School authorities will receive more funds from the government.(C) Most students will do well in their entrance examination for the higher education.(D) Every child will have an equal opportunity to go on to higher education.Questions 15-1815. (A) One that is unabridged with detailed definitions.(B) One that contains fewer words and emphasizes on special words.(C) One that contains a broad range of words in common usage.(D) One that spans several volumes and has extensive word histories.16. (A) The New Oxford Picture Dictionary.(B) The American Heritage Dictionary.(C) The Dictionary of Legal Terms.(D) The Drinking Water Dictionary.17. (A) It lists abbreviations, proper nouns, and tables of measures.(B) It is an unabridged edition providing as many as 500,000 entries.(C) It was randomly compiled and contains as many foreign words as possible.(D) It provides detailed information of famous people and places.18. (A) A school dictionary. (B) A college dictionary.(C) A general dictionary. (D) A specialized dictionary.Questions 19-2219. (A) He's bought his wife a present. (B) He's missed an important phone call.(C) He's dismissed his new secretary. (D) He's popped out shopping.20. (A) Talking about the latest fashion.(B) Offering special reductions.(C) Giving bigger discounts to female customers.(D) Pressing on the customer to make a decision.21. (A) Upside down and inside out. (B) Inside out and back to front.(C) With its sleeves as trouser legs. (D) With its pattern upside down.22. (A) A V-necked pullover with short sleeves.(B) A high-necked pullover with long sleeves.(C) A white pullover with a pattern.(D) A blue pullover with a high neck.23. (A) That of a creator. (B) That of a re-creator.(C) That of a receiver. (D) That of a performer.24. (A) Because we need to concentrate for our quiet thought.(B) Because we want to give full attention to the driving.(C) Because we try to avoid being caught by the patrolling police.(D) Because we intend to be as casual as possible in the driving.25. (A) In the elevator. (B) In the car.(C) In the bathroom. (D) In the church.26. (A) By perceptive and analytical listening.(B) By taking a sonic bath.(C) By attending classical concerts.(D) By listening to an emotional piece of music.Questions 27-3027. (A) His grandfather's house. (B) His parents' remarks.(C) A magazine. (D) A coursebook.28. (A) Enjoying visiting zoos. (B) Driving a car.(C) Making money. (D) Taking kids to a museum.29. (A) It died a few years ago. (B) It killed several tourists.(C) It is only a legend. (D) It is a living dinosaur.30. (A) No one has provided an accurate description of the animal.(B) No dead bodies of the animal have ever been found.(C) There are only 500 species living in Loch Ness.(D) The lake is not deep enough for such a huge animal.Part C: Listening and TranslationⅠ. Sentence TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 sentences in English. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.(1) ______(2) ______(3) ______(4) ______(5) ______Ⅱ. Passage TranslationDirections:In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.(1) ______(2) ______SECTION 2: STUDY SKILLSDirections: In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by several questions based on its content. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), toeach question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1-5The purpose of the American court system is to protect the rights of the people. According to American law, if someone is accused of a crime, he or she is considered innocent until the court proves that the person is guilty. In other words, it is the responsibility of the court to prove that a person is guilty. It is not the responsibility of the person to prove that he or she is innocent.In order to arrest a person, the police have to be reasonably sure that a crime has been committed. The police must give the suspect the reasons why they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law. Then the police take the suspect to the police station to "book" him. "Booking" means that the name of the person and the charges against him are formally listed at the police station.The next step is for the suspect to go before a judge. The judge decides whether the suspect should be kept in jail or released. If the suspect has no previous criminal record and the judge feels that he will return to court rather than run away — for example, because he owns a house and has a family — he can go free. Otherwise, the suspect must put up bail. At this time, too, the judge will appoint a court layer to defend the suspect if he can't afford one.The suspect returns to court a week or two later. A lawyer from the district attorney's office presents a case against the suspect. This is called a hearing. The attorney may present evidence as well as witnesses. The judge at the hearing then decides whether there is enough reason to hold a trial. If the judge decides that there is sufficient evidence to call for a trial, he or she sets a date for the suspect to appear in court to formally plead guilty or not guilty.At the trial, a jury of 12 people listens to the evidence from both attorneys and hears the testimony of the witnesses. Then the jury goes into a private room to consider the evidence and decide whether the defendant is guilty of the crime. If the jury decides that the defendant is innocent, he goes free. However, if he is convicted, the judge sets a dale for the defendant to appear in court again for sentencing. At this time, the judge tells the convicted person what his punishment will be. The judge may sentence him to prison, order him to pay a fine, or place him on probation.The American justice system is very complex and sometimes operates slowly. However, every step is designed to protect the rights of the people. These individual rights are the basis, or foundation, of the American government.1. What is the main idea of the passage?(A) The American court system requires that a suspect prove that he or she is innocent.(B) The US court system is designed to protect the rights of the people.(C) Under the American court system, judge decides if a suspect is innocent or guilty.(D) The US court system is designed to help the police present a case against the suspect.2. What follows "in other words" (Para. 1)?(A) An example of the previous sentence.(B) A new idea about the court system.(C) An item of evidence to call for a trial.(D) A restatement of the previous sentence.3. According to the passage, "he can go free" (Para. 3) means______.(A) the suspect is free to choose a lawyer to defend him(B) the suspect does not have to go to trial because the judge has decided he is innocent(C) the suspect will be informed by mail whether he is innocent or not(D) the suspect does not have to wait in jail or pay money until he goes to trial4. What is the purpose of having the suspect pay bail?(A) To pay for the judge and the trial.(B) To pay for a court lawyer to defend the suspect.(C) To ensure that the suspect will return to court.(D) To ensure that the suspect will appear in prison.5. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?(A) The American justice system sometimes operates slowly.(B) The police can arrest a suspect without giving any reasons.(C) It is the responsibility of the suspect to prove he is innocent.(D) The jury considers the evidence in the court room.Questions 6-10So you've got an invention — you and around 39,000 others each year, according to 2002 statistics!The 64,000-dollar question, if you have come up with a device which you believe to be the answer to the energy crisis or you've invented a lawnmower which cuts grass with a jet of water (not so daft, someone has invented one), is how to ensure you're the one to reap the rewards of your ingenuity. How will all you garden shed boffins out there keep others from capitalizing on your ideas and lining their pockets at your expense?One of the first steps to protect your interest is to patent your invention. That can keep it out of the grasp of the pirates for at least the next 20 years. And for this reason inventors in their droves beat a constant trail from all over the country to the doors of an anonymous grey-fronted building just behind London's Holborn to try and patent their devices.The building houses the Patent Office. It's an ant heap of corridors, offices and filing rooms—a sorting house and storage depot for one of the world's biggest and most varied collections of technical data. Some ten million patents — English and foreign — are listed there.File after file, catalogue after catalogue detail the brain-children of inventors down the centuries, from a 1600's machine gun designed to fire square bullets at infidels and round ones at Christians, to present-day laser, nuclear and computer technology.The first letters' patent were granted as long ago as 1449 to a Flemish craftsman by the name of John Utynam. The letters, written in Latin, are still on file at the office. They were granted by King Henry Ⅵand entitled Utynam to import into this country his knowledge of making stained glass windows in order to install such windows at Eton College.Present-day patents procedure is a more sophisticated affair than getting a go-ahead note from the monarch. These days the strict procedures governing whether you get a patent for your revolutionary mouse-trap or solar-powered back-scratcher have been reduced to a pretty exact science.From start to finish it will take around two and a half years and cost ￡165 for the inventor to gain patent protection for his brainchild. That's if he's lucky. By no means all who apply to the Patent Office, which is a branch of the Department of Trade, get a patent.A key man at the Patent Office is Bernard Partridge, Principal Examiner (Administration),who boils down to one word the vital ingredient any inventor needs before he can hope to overcome the many hurdles in the complex procedure of obtaining a patent —"ingenuity".6. People take out a patent because they want to(A) keep their ideas from being stolen(B) reap the rewards of somebody else's ingenuity(C) visit the patent office building(D) come up with more new devices7. The phrase the brain-children of inventors' (Para. 5) means(A) the children with high intelligence(B) the inventions that people come up with(C) a device that a child believes to be the answer to the energy crisis(D) a lawnmower that an individual has invented to cut grass8. What have the 1600's machine gun and the present-day laser in common?(A) Both were approved by the monarch.(B) Both were granted by King Henry Ⅵ.(C) Both were rejected by the Department of Trade.(D) Both were patented.9. Why is John Utynam still remembered?(A) He is the first person to get a patent for his revolutionary mouse-trap.(B) He is the first person to be granted an official patent.(C) He is the first person to be an officer in the Patent Office.(D) He is the first person to have invented a lawnmower.10. According to the passage, how would you describe the complex procedure of obtaining a patent for an invention?(A) It is rather expensive.(B) It is an impossible task.(C) It is extremely difficult.(D) It is very tricky.Questions 11-15All living cells on earth require moisture for their metabolism. Cereal grains when brought in from the field, although they may appear to be dry, may contain 20 per cent of moisture or more. If they are stored in a bin thus, there is sufficient moisture in them to support several varieties of insects. These insects will, therefore, live and breed and, as they grow and eat the grain, it provides them with biological energy for their life processes. This energy will, just as in man, become manifest as heat. Since the bulk of the grain acts as an insulator, the temperature surrounding the colony of insects will rise so that, not only is part of the grain spoiled by the direct attack of the insects but more may be damaged by the heat. Sometimes, the temperature may even rise to the point where the stored grain catches fire. For safe storage, grain must be dried until its moisture content is 13 per cent or less.Traditional arts of food preservation took advantage of this principle in a number of ways. The plant seeds, wheat, rye, rice, barley millet, maize, are themselves structures evolved by nature to provide stored food. The starch of their endosperm is used for the nourishment of the embryo during the time it over-winters (if it is a plant of the Temperate Zone) and until its new leaves have grown and their chlorophyll can trap energy from the sunlight to nourish the new-grown plant.The separation by threshing and winnowing is, therefore, to some degree part of a technique of food preservation.The direct drying of other foods has also been used. Fish has been dried in many parts of the world besides Africa. Slices of dried meat are prepared by numerous races. Biltong, a form of dried meat, was a customary food for travelers. The drying of meat or fish, either in the sun or over a fire, quite apart from the degree to which it exposes the food to infection by bacteria and infestation by insects, tends also to harm its quality. Proteins are complex molecular structures which are readily disrupted. This is the reason why dried meat becomes tough and can, with some scientific justification, by likened to leather.The technical process of drying foods indirectly by pickling them in the strong salt solutions commonly called "brine" does less harm to the protein than straightforward drying, particularly if this is carried out at high temperatures. It is for this reason that many of the typical drying processes are not taken to completion. That is to say, the outer parts may be dried leaving a moist inner section. Under these circumstances, preservation is only partial. The dried food keeps longer than it would have undried but it cannot be kept indefinitely. For this reason, traditional processes are to be found in many parts of the world in which a combination of partial drying and pickling in brine is used. Quite often the drying involves exposure to smoke. Foods treated in this way are, besides fish of various sorts, bacon, hams and numerous types of sausages.11. According to the passage, insects spoil stored cereals by ______(A) consuming all the grain themselves(B) generating heat and raising the surrounding temperature(C) increasing the moisture content in the grain(D) attacking each other for more grain12. In speaking of the traditional methods of food preservation, the writer ______(A) expresses doubts about direct smoking(B) describes salting and pickling as ineffective(C) condemns direct drying(D) mentions threshing and winnowing13. Direct drying affects the quality of meat or fish because ______(A) it exposes them to insects(B) it makes them hard(C) it damages the protein(D) it develops bacteria14. We can learn from the passage that salting preserves food by ______(A) destroying the protein(B) drawing away moisture from the food(C) drying the food in the sun(D) dressing the food15. According to the passage, partial drying is useful because ______(A) it damages the protein less(B) it can be combined with pickling(C) it leaves the inside moist(D) it makes the food softQuestions 16-20We are moving inexorably into the age of automation. Our aim is not to devise a mechanism which can perform a thousand different actions of any individual man but, on the contrary, one which could by a single action replace a thousand men.Industrial automation has moved along three lines. First there is the conveyor belt system of continuous production whereby separate operations are linked into a single sequence. The goods produced by this well-established method are untouched by the worker, and the machine replaces both unskilled and semiskilled. Secondly, there is automation with feedback control of the quality of the product: here mechanisms are built into the system which can compare the output with a norm, that is, the actual product with what it is supposed to be, output with a norm, and then correct any shortcomings. The entire cycle of operations dispenses with human control except in so far as monitors are concerned. One or two examples of this type of automation will illustrate its immense possibilities.There is a factory in the U.S.A. which makes 1,000 million electric light bulbs a year, and the factory employs three hundred people. If the preautomation techniques were to be employed, the labour force required would leap to 25,000. A motor manufacturing company with 45,000 spare parts regulates their entire supply entirely by computer. Computers can be entrusted with most of the supervision of industrial installations, such as chemical plants or oil refineries. Thirdly, there is computer automation, for banks, accounting departments, insurance companies and the like. Here the essential features are the recording, storing, sorting and retrieval of information.The principal merit of modern computing machines is the achievement of their vastly greater speed of operation by comparison with unaided human effort: a task which otherwise might take years, if attempted at all, now takes days or hours.One of the most urgent problems of industrial societies rapidly introducing automation is how to fill the time that will be made free by the machines which will take over the tasks of the workers. The question is not simply of filling empty time but also of utilizing the surplus human energy that will be released. We are already seeing straws in the wind: destructive outbursts on the part of youth whose work no longer demands muscular strength. While automation will undoubtedly do away with a large number of tedious jobs, are we sure that it will not put others which are equally tedious in their place? For an enormous amount of sheer monitoring will be required. A man in an automated plant may have to sit for hours on and watching dials and taking decisive action when some signal informs him that all is not well. What meaning will his occupation bear for the worker? How will he devote his free time after a four or five hour stint of labour? Moreover, what, indeed, will be the significance for him of his leisure? If industry of the future could be purged of its monotony and meaninglessness, man would then be better equipped to use his leisure time constructively.16. The main purpose of automation is ______(A) to devise the machine which could replace the semi-skilled(B) to process information as fast as possible(C) to develop an efficient labor-saving mechanism(D) to make an individual man perform many different actions17. The chief benefit of computing machines is ______(A) their greater speed of operation(B) their control of the product quality(C) their conveyor belt system of continuous production(D) their supervision of industrial installations18. One of the problems brought about by automation in industrial societies is ______(A) plenty of information(B) surplus human energy(C) destructive outbursts(D) less leisure time19. Which of the following best explains the use of "stint" (Para. 4)?(A) Effort.(B) Force.(C) Excess.(D) Period.20. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?(A) There is no automation with feedback control of the quality of the product.(B) Computers are reliable in any supervision of industrial installations.(C) The essential features for banks are the recording and sorting of information.(D) Automation will undoubtedly eliminate numerous tedious jobs.Questions 21-25The city water pipes in Rome were usually of baked clay or lead; copper was sometimes used and also hollowed stone. For the large supply conduits leading to the city the Romans used covered channels with free water surfaces, rather than pipes. Perhaps this choice was a matter of economics, for apparently they could make lead pipes up to 15 inches in diameter. While pipes can follow the profile of undulating ground, with the pressure increasing in the lower areas, channels cannot. They must slope continuously downwards, because water in channels does not normally flow uphill; and the grade must be flat, from 1 in 60 in small channels to perhaps 1 in 3,000 in large ones, to keep the water speed down to a few feet per second. Thus the main supply channels or aqueducts had long lengths of flat grade and where they crossed depressions or valleys they were carried on elevated stone bridges in the form of tiered arches. At the beginning of the Christian era there were over 30 miles of these raised aqueducts in the 250 miles of channels and tunnels bringing water to Rome. The channels were up to 6 feet wide and 5 to 8 feet high. Sometimes channels were later added on the tops of existing ones. The remains of some of these aqueducts still grace the skyline on the outskirts of Rome and elsewhere in Europe similar ruins are found.Brick and stone drains were constructed in various parts of Rome. The oldest existing one is the Cloaca Maxima which follows the course of an old stream. It dates back at least to the third century B.C. Later the drains were used for sewage, flushed by water from the public baths and fountains, as well as street storm run-off.The truly surprising aspect of the achievements of all the ancient hydraulic artisans is the lack of theoretical knowledge behind their designs. Apart from the hydrostatics of Archimedes, there was no sound understanding of the most elementary principles of fluid behaviour. Sextus Frontinus, Rome's water commissioner around A.D. 100, did not fully realize that in order to calculate the volume rate of flow in a channel it is necessary to allow for the speed of the flow as well as the area of cross-section. The Romans' flow standard was the rate at which water would flow through a bronze pipe roughly 4/3 inch in diameter and 9 inches long. When this pipe was connected to the side of a water-supply pipe or channel as a delivery outlet, it was assumed that。
9月中级口译真题+参考答案
9月中级口译真题+参考答案(2)Questions 15-1815. （A）One that is unabridged with detailed definitions.（B）One that contains fewer words and emphasizes on special words.（C）One that contains a broad range of words in common usage.（D）One that spans several volumes and has extensive word histories16. （A）The New Oxford Picture Dictionary（B）The American Heritage Dictionary（C）The Dictionary of Legal Terms（D）The Drinking Water Dictionary17. （A）It lists abbreviations, proper nouns, and tables of measures.（B）It is an unabridged edition providing as many as 500,000 entries.（C）It was randomly compiled and contains as many foreign words as possible.（D）It provides detailed information of famous people and places.18. （A）A school dictionary. （B）A college dictionary.（C）A general dictionary. （D）A specialized dictionary.Questions 19-2219. （A）He’s bought his wife a present. （B）He’s missed an important phone call.（C）He’s dismissed his new sec retary. （D）He’s popped out shopping.20. （A）Talking about the latest fashion.（B）Offering special reductions.（C）Giving bigger discounts to female customers.（D）Pressing on the customer to make a decision.21. （A）Upside down and inside out. （B）Inside out and back to front. （C）With its sleeves as trouser legs. （D）With its pattern upside down.22. （A）A V-necked pullover with short sleeves.（B）A high-necked pullover with long sleeves.（C）A white pullover with a pattern.（D）A blue pullover with a high neck.Questions 23-2623. （A）That of a creator. （B）That of a re-creator.（C）That of a receiver. （D）That of a performer.24. （A）Because we need to concentrate for our quiet thought.（B）Because we want to give full attention to the driving.（C）Because we try to avoid being caught by the patrolling police.（D）Because we intend to be as casual as possible in the driving.25. （A）In the elevator. （B）In the car.（C）In the bathroom. （D）In the church.26. （A）By perceptive and analytical listening.（B）By taking a sonic bath.（C）By attending classical concerts.（D）By listening to an emotional piece of music.Questions 27-3027. （A）His grandfather’s house. （B）His parents’ remarks.（C）A magazine. （D）A coursebook.28. （A）Enjoying visiting zoos. （B）Driving a car.（C）Making money. （D）Taking kids to a museum.29. （A）It died a few years ago. （B）It killed several tourists.（C）It is only a legend. （D）It is a living dinosaur.30. （A）No one has provided an accurate description of the animal.（B）No dead bodies of the animal have ever been found.（C）There are only 500 species living in Loch Ness.（D）The lake is not deep enough for such a huge animal.Part C: Listening and Translation1. Sentence TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 sentences in English. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.（1）（2）（3）（4）（5）2. Passage TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.（1）（2）。
2006上海英语中级口译真题
2006年9月中级口译真题Part A: Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.British people are far more sophisticated about beverages than they were 50 years ago. Witness the Starbucks revolution and you'll know where ___________ （1）goes. However, spurred on by recent studies suggesting that it can cut the risk of ___________ （2）and retard the aging process, tea is enjoying a ___________ （3）.Although tea is available in more places than ever, it remains to be _____________ （4）of a typical British family.If you are invited to an English home, _____________ （5）in the morning you get a cup of tea. It is either brought in by a heartily _____________ （6）or an almost malevolently silent maid. When you are _____________ （7）in your sweetest morning sleep you must not say: 'Go away, you _____________ （8）.’On the contrary, you have to declare with your best five o'clock smile: 'Thank you very much. I _____________ （9）a cup of tea, especially in the morning.' If they leave you alone with the liquid you may pour it _____________ （10）!Then you have ___________ （11）; then you have tea at 11 o'clock in the morning;_____________ （12）; then you have tea for tea; then after supper; and again at eleven o'clock _____________ （13）.You must not refuse any additional cups of tea under the _____________ （14）: if it is hot; if it is cold; if you are _____________ （15）; if you are nervous; if you are watching TV;_____________ （16）; if you have just returned home; if you feel like it; if you do not feel like it; if you have had no tea ______________ （17）; if you have just had a cup.You definitely must not ______________ （18）. I sleep at five o'clock in the morning; I have coffee for breakfast; I drink innumerable _____________ （19）during the day; I have the_____________ （20）even at tea-time!Part B: Listening Comprehension1. StatementsDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short statements. These statements will be spoken ONLY ONCE, and you will not find them written on the paper; so you must listen carefully. When you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.1. （A）The program on Channel Eight reminds me of TV commercials.（B）The product advertised in the TV commercial cannot help cure my illness.（C）I don't watch TV that much, because of the omnipresent advertisements.（D）I have to sit on the sofa, because I am too sick to stand in front of the television.2. （A）The plane arrived at 7:30.（B）The plane arrived at 8:00.（C）The plane arrived at 9:00.（D）The plane arrived at 10:00.3. （A）I'll ask someone else to read and check this agreement for errors.（B）I'll think more about the agreement before making a decision.（C）It's obvious that I'll discuss the agreement with my assistant first.（D）It's out of question that I should get into any agreement with you.4. （A）The better members decided to cancel the meeting.（B）Less than half of the committee was away on business trips.（C）It'd be better if no one had attended this morning's committee meeting……（D）The meeting was cancelled because of low attendance.5. （A）Supermarkets in the inner city and the suburbs are usually owned by the same company.（B）Products in grocery stores are more expensive than those in supermarkets.（C）There is a price difference for the same product even in shops run by the same company.（D）People prefer to shop in supermarkets, which are mostly located in the suburbs, with free parking space.6. （A）Many Americans cannot afford higher education because of the soaring college tuition fees and expenses.（B）Sending their children to college is no longer a bigger challenge for millions of Americans.（C）The American government has set the goal that it will eventually stop funding higher education institutions.（D）Nowadays, American parents have to pay more to send their children to college.7. （A）For many university graduates, the jobs they take will not be related to their academic achievements.（B）Because of economic recession, the number of university students majoring in liberal arts is declining.（C）University students who are interested in liberal arts will have more job opportunities upon graduation.（D）With high unemployment rate, many university students will have to opt for transferring to other majors.8. （A）Good business negotiators will never repeat what other people have already restated.（B）Restating by good business negotiators is not an effective way to check the information.（C）Good business negotiators are sometimes curious about other people's restatements.（D）Restating what others have said is a good strategy for confirming understanding.9. （A）We cannot reach an agreement, let alone a spoken promise.（B）We'd better draft and then sign a written agreement.（C）We generally keep our promises in business transactions.（D）We hope you understand why we are unable to keep our promises.10. （A）I don't think you have more to say on that topic.（B）I think we'd better talk about that in detail sometime later.（C）I am truly appreciative if you can elaborate on that topic after lunch.（D）I am busy right now, so we might as well discuss it over lunch today.2. Talks and ConversationsDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks and conversations After each of these, you will hear a few questions. Listen carefully because you will hear the talk or conversation and questions ONLY ONCE. When you hear a question, read the four choices and choose the best answer to that question. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 11-1411. （A）Two （B）Three （C）Four （D）Five12. （A）A profit-making private school.（B）A non-profit-making independent school.（C）A state school that is funded by non-governmental sources.（D）A secondary school that is open to the majority of British students.13. （A）Many children are no longer placed in schools according to their academic abilities.（B）Many children can afford to study in private schools, as they become part of the state system.（C）Children from wealthy families no longer choose to go and study in public schools.（D）Cleverer children will be sent to the best private schools in the country for a better development.14. （A）Clever and less bright children will mix well with each other.（B）School authorities will receive more funds from the government.（C）Most students will do well in their entrance examination for the higher education.（D）Every child will have an equal opportunity to go on to higher education.Questions 15-1815. （A）One that is unabridged with detailed definitions.（B）One that contains fewer words and emphasizes on special words.（C）One that contains a broad range of words in common usage.（D）One that spans several volumes and has extensive word histories16. （A）The New Oxford Picture Dictionary（B）The American Heritage Dictionary（C）The Dictionary of Legal Terms（D）The Drinking Water Dictionary17. （A）It lists abbreviations, proper nouns, and tables of measures.（B）It is an unabridged edition providing as many as 500,000 entries.（C）It was randomly compiled and contains as many foreign words as possible.（D）It provides detailed information of famous people and places.18. （A）A school dictionary. （B）A college dictionary.（C）A general dictionary. （D）A specialized dictionary.Questions 19-2219. （A）He's bought his wife a present. （B）He's missed an important phone call.（C）He's dismissed his new secretary. （D）He's popped out shopping.20. （A）Talking about the latest fashion.（B）Offering special reductions.（C）Giving bigger discounts to female customers.（D）Pressing on the customer to make a decision.21. （A）Upside down and inside out. （B）Inside out and back to front.（C）With its sleeves as trouser legs. （D）With its pattern upside down.22. （A）A V-necked pullover with short sleeves.（B）A high-necked pullover with long sleeves.（C）A white pullover with a pattern.（D）A blue pullover with a high neck.Questions 23-2623. （A）That of a creator. （B）That of a re-creator.（C）That of a receiver. （D）That of a performer.24. （A）Because we need to concentrate for our quiet thought.（B）Because we want to give full attention to the driving.（C）Because we try to avoid being caught by the patrolling police.（D）Because we intend to be as casual as possible in the driving.25. （A）In the elevator. （B）In the car.（C）In the bathroom. （D）In the church.26. （A）By perceptive and analytical listening.（B）By taking a sonic bath.（C）By attending classical concerts.（D）By listening to an emotional piece of music.Questions 27-3027. （A）His grandfather's house. （B）His parents' remarks.（C）A magazine. （D）A coursebook.28. （A）Enjoying visiting zoos. （B）Driving a car.（C）Making money. （D）Taking kids to a museum.29. （A）It died a few years ago. （B）It killed several tourists.（C）It is only a legend. （D）It is a living dinosaur.30. （A）No one has provided an accurate description of the animal.（B）No dead bodies of the animal have ever been found.（C）There are only 500 species living in Loch Ness.（D）The lake is not deep enough for such a huge animal.Part C: Listening and Translation1. Sentence TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 sentences in English. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.（1）（2）（3）（4）（5）2. Passage TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.（1）（2SECTION 2: STUDY SKILLS （45 minutes）Directions: In this section, you will read several passages. Each passage is followed by several questions based on its content. You are to choose ONE best answer, （A）, （B）, （C）or （D）, to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1-5The purpose of the American court system is to protect the rights of the people. According to American law, if someone is accused of a crime, he or she is considered innocent until the court proves that the person is guilty. In other words, it is the responsibility of the court to prove that a person is guilty. It is not the responsibility of the person to prove that he or she is innocent.In order to arrest a person, the police have to be reasonably sure that a crime has been committed. The police must give the suspect the reasons why they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law. Then the police take the suspect to the police station to "book" him. "Booking means that the name of the person and the charges against him are formally listed at the police station.The next step is for the suspect to go before a judge. The judge decides whether the suspect should be kept in jail or released. If the suspect has no previous criminal record and the judge feels that he will return to court rather than run away-for example, because he owns a house and has a family-he can go free. Otherwise, the suspect must put up bail. At this time, too, the judge will appoint a court layer to defend the suspect if he can't afford one.The suspect returns to court a week or two later. A lawyer from the district attorney's office presents a case against the suspect. This is called a hearing. The attorney may present evidence as well as witnesses. The judge at the hearing then decides whether there is enough reason to hold a trial. If the judge decides that there is sufficient evidence to call for a trial, he or she sets a date for the suspect to appear in court to formally plead guilty or not guilty.At the trial, a jury of 12 people listens to the evidence from both attorneys and hears the testimony of the witnesses. Then the jury goes into a private room to consider the evidence and decide whether the defendant is guilty of the crime. If the jury decides that the defendant is innocent, he goes free. However, if he is convicted, the judge sets a date for the defendant to appear in court again for sentencing. At this time, the judge tells the convicted person what his punishment will be. The judge may sentence him to prison, order him to pay a fine, or place him on probation.The American justice system is very complex and sometimes operates slowly. However, every step is designed to protect the rights of the people. These individual rights are the basis, or foundation, of the American government.1. What is the main idea of the passage?（A）The American court system requires that a suspect prove that he or she is innocent.（B）The US court system is designed to protect the rights of the people.（C）Under the American court system, judge decides if a suspect is innocent or guilty.（D）The US court system is designed to help the police present a case against the suspect.2. What follows 'in other words' （para.1）?（A）An example of the previous sentence.（B）A new idea about the court system.（C）An item of evidence to call for a trial.（D）A restatement of the previous sentence.3. According to the passage, 'he can go free' （para.3）means _________.（A）the suspect is free to choose a lawyer to defend him（B）the suspect does not have to go to trial because the judge has decided he is innocent （C）the suspect will be informed by mail whether he is innocent or not（D）the suspect does not have to wait in jail or pay money until he goes to trial4. What is the purpose of having the suspect pay bail?（A）To pay for the judge and the trial.（B）To pay for a court lawyer to defend the suspect.（C）To ensure that the suspect will return to court.（D）To ensure that the suspect will appear in prison.5. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?（A）The American justice system sometimes operates slowly.（B）The police can arrest a suspect without giving any reasons.（C）It is the responsibility of the suspect to prove he is innocent.（D）The jury considers the evidence in the court room.Questions 6-10So you've got an invention-you and around 39,000 others each year, according to 2002 statistics!The 64,000-dollar question, if you have come up with a device which you believe to be the answer to the energy crisis or you've invented a lawnmower which cuts grass with a jet of water （not so daft, someone has invented one）, is how to ensure you're the one to reap the rewards of your ingenuity. How will all you garden shed boffins out there keep others from capitalizing on your ideas and lining their pockets at your expense?One of the first steps to protect your interest is to patent your invention. That can keep it out of the grasp of the pirates for at least the next 20 years. And for this reason inventors in their droves beat a constant trail from all over the country to the doors of an anonymous grey-fronted building just behind London's Holborn to try and patent their devices.The building houses the Patent Office. It's an ant heap of corridors, offices and filing rooms-a sorting house and storage depot for one of the world's biggest and most varied collections of technical data. Some ten million patents-English and foreign-are listed there.File after file, catalogue after catalogue detail the brain-children of inventors down the centuries, from a 1600's machine gun designed to fire square bullets at infidels and round ones at Christians, to present-day laser, nuclear and computer technology.The first 'letters patent' were granted as long ago as 1449 to a Flemish craftsman by the name of John Utynam. The letters, written in Latin, are still on file at the office. They were granted by King Henry VI and entitled Utynam to 'import into this country' his knowledge of making stained glass windows in order to install such windows at Eton College.Present-day patents procedure is a more sophisticated affair than getting a go-ahead note from the monarch. These days the strict procedures governing whether you get a patent for yourrevolutionary mouse-trap or solar-powered back-scratcher have been reduced to a pretty exact science.From start to finish it will take around two and a half years and cost ￡165 for the inventor to gain patent protection for his brainchild. That's if he's lucky. By no means all who apply to the Patent Office, which is a branch of the Department of Trade, get a patent.A key man at the Patent Office is Bernard Partridge, Principal Examiner （Administration）, who boils down to one word the vital ingredient any inventor needs before he can hope to overcome the many hurdles in the complex procedure of obtaining a patent-'ingenuity'.6. People take out a patent because they want to __________.（A）keep their ideas from being stolen（B）reap the rewards of somebody else's ingenuity（C）visit the patent office building（D）come up with more new devices7. The phrase 'the brain-children of inventors' （para.5）means _________.（A）the children with high intelligence（B）the inventions that people come up with（C） a device that a child believes to be the answer to the energy crisis（D） a lawnmower that an individual has invented to cut grass8. What have the 1600's machine gun and the present-day laser in common?（A）Both were approved by the monarch.（B）Both were granted by King Henry VI.（C）Both were rejected by the Department of Trade.（D）Both were patented.9. Why is John Utynam still remembered?（A）He is the first person to get a patent for his revolutionary mouse-trap.（B）He is the first person to be granted an official patent.（C）He is the first person to be an officer in the Patent Office.（D）He is the first person to have invented a lawnmower.10. According to the passage, how would you describe the complex procedure of obtaining a patent for an invention?（A）It is rather expensive.（B）It is an impossible task.（C）It is extremely difficult.（D）It is very tricky.Questions 11-15All living cells on earth require moisture for their metabolism. Cereal grains when brought in from the field, although they may appear to be dry, may contain 20 per cent of moisture or more. If they are stored in a bin thus, there is sufficient moisture in them to support several varieties of insects. These insects will, therefore, live and breed and, as they grow and eat the grain, it provides them with biological energy for their life processes. This energy will, just as in man, become manifest as heat. Since the bulk of the grain acts as an insulator, the temperature surrounding the colony of insects will rise so that, not only is part of the grain spoiled by the direct attack of the insects but more may be damaged by the heat. Sometimes, the temperature may evenrise to the point where the stored grain catches fire. For safe storage, grain must be dried until its moisture content is 13 per cent or less.Traditional arts of food preservation took advantage of this principle in a number of ways. The plant seeds, wheat, rye, rice, barley millet, maize, are themselves structures evolved by nature to provide stored food. The starch of their endosperm is used for the nourishment of the embryo during the time it over-winters （if it is a plant of the Temperate Zone）and until its new leaves have grown and their chlorophyll can trap energy from the sunlight to nourish the new-grown plant. The separation by threshing and winnowing is, therefore, to some degree part of a technique of food preservation.The direct drying of other foods has also been used. Fish has been dried in many parts of the world besides Africa. Slices of dried meat are prepared by numerous races. Biltong, a form of dried meat, was a customary food for travelers. The drying of meat or fish, either in the sun or over a fire, quite apart from the degree to which it exposes the food to infection by bacteria and infestation by insects, tends also to harm its quality. Proteins are complex molecular structures which are readily disrupted. This is the reason why dried meat becomes tough and can, with some scientific justification, by likened to leather.The technical process of drying foods indirectly by pickling them in the strong salt solutions commonly called 'brine' does less harm to the protein than straightforward drying, particularly if this is carried out at high temperatures. It is for this reason that many of the typical drying processes are not taken to completion. That is to say, the outer parts may be dried leaving a moist inner section. Under these circumstances, preservation is only partial. The dried food keeps longer than it would have undried but it cannot be kept indefinitely. For this reason, traditional processes are to be found in many parts of the world in which a combination of partial drying and pickling in brine is used. Quite often the drying involves exposure to smoke. Foods treated in this way are, besides fish of various sorts, bacon, hams and numerous types of sausages.11. According to the passage, insects spoil stored cereals by ________.（A）consuming all the grain themselves（B）generating heat and raising the surrounding temperature（C）increasing the moisture content in the grain（D）attacking each other for more grain12. In speaking of the traditional methods of food preservation, the writer ________.（A）expresses doubts about direct smoking（B）describes salting and pickling as ineffective（C）condemns direct drying（D）mentions threshing and winnowing13. Direct drying affects the quality of meat or fish because ________.（A）it exposes them to insects（B）it makes them hard（C）it damages the protein（D）it develops bacteria14. We can learn from the passage that salting preserves food by ________.（A）destroying the protein（B）drawing away moisture from the food（C）drying the food in the sun（D）dressing the food15. According to the passage, partial drying is useful because ________.（A）it damages the protein less（B）it can be combined with pickling（C）it leaves the inside moist（D）it makes the food softQuestions 16-20We are moving inexorably into the age of automation. Our aim is not to devise a mechanism which can perform a thousand different actions of any individual man but, on the contrary, one which could by a single action replace a thousand men.Industrial automation has moved along three lines. First there is the conveyor belt system of continuous production whereby separate operations are linked into a single sequence. The goods produced by this well-established method are untouched by the worker, and the machine replaces both unskilled and semiskilled. Secondly, there is automation with feedback control of the quality of the product: here mechanisms are built into the system which can compare the output with a norm, that is, the actual product with what it is supposed to be, and then correct any shortcomings. The entire cycle of operations dispenses with human control except in so far as monitors are concerned. One or two examples of this type of automation will illustrate its immense possibilities. There is a factory in the U.S.A. which makes 1,000 million electric light bulbs a year, and the factory employs three hundred people. If the preautomation techniques were to be employed, the labour force required would leap to 25,000. A motor manufacturing company with 45,000 spare parts regulates their entire supply entirely by computer. Computers can be entrusted with most of the supervision of industrial installations, such as chemical plants or oil refineries. Thirdly, there is computer automation, for banks, accounting departments, insurance companies and the like. Here the essential features are the recording, storing, sorting and retrieval of information.The principal merit of modern computing machines is the achievement of their vastly greater speed of operation by comparison with unaided human effort; a task which otherwise might take years, if attempted at all, now takes days or hours.One of the most urgent problems of industrial societies rapidly introducing automation is how to fill the time that will be made free by the machines which will take over the tasks of the workers. The question is not simply of filling empty time but also of utilizing the surplus human energy that will be released. We are already seeing straws in the wind: destructive outbursts on the part of youth whose work no longer demands muscular strength. While automation will undoubtedly do away with a large number of tedious jobs, are we sure that it will not put others which are equally tedious in their place? For an enormous amount of sheer monitoring will be required. A man in an automated plant may have to sit for hours on and watching dials and taking decisive action when some signal informs him that all is not well. What meaning will his occupation bear for the worker? How will he devote his free time after a four or five hour stint of labour? Moreover, what, indeed, will be the significance for him of his leisure? If industry of the future could be purged of its monotony and meaninglessness, man would then be better equipped to use his leisure time constructively.16. The main purpose of automation is _________.（A）to devise the machine which could replace the semi-skilled（B）to process information as fast as possible（C）to develop an efficient labor-saving mechanism（D）to make an individual man perform many different actions17. The chief benefit of computing machines is ________.（A）their greater speed of operation（B）their control of the product quality（C）their conveyor belt system of continuous production（D）their supervision of industrial installations18. One of the problems brought about by automation in industrial societies is _________.（A）plenty of information（B）surplus human energy（C）destructive outbursts（D）less leisure time19. Which of the following best explains the use of 'stint' （para.4）?（A）Effort.（B）Force.（C）Excess.（D）Period.20. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?（A）There is no automation with feedback control of the quality of the product.（B）Computers are reliable in any supervision of industrial installations.（C）The essential features for banks are the recording and sorting of information.（D）Automation will undoubtedly eliminate numerous tedious jobs.Questions 21-25The city water pipes in Rome were usually of baked clay or lead; copper was sometimes used and also hollowed stone. For the large supply conduits leading to the city the Romans used covered channels with free water surfaces, rather than pipes. Perhaps this choice was a matter of economics, for apparently they could make lead pipes up to 15 inches in diameter. While pipes can follow the profile of undulating ground, with the pressure increasing in the lower areas, channels cannot. They must slope continuously downwards, because water in channels does not normally flow uphill; and the grade must be flat, from 1 in 60 in small channels to perhaps 1 in 3,000 in large ones, to keep the water speed down to a few feet per second. Thus the main supply channels or aqueducts had long lengths of flat grade and where they crossed depressions or valleys they were carried on elevated stone bridges in the form of tiered arches. At the beginning of the Christian era there were over 30 miles of these raised aqueducts in the 250 miles of channels and tunnels bringing water to Rome. The channels were up to 6 feet wide and 5 to 8 feet high. Sometimes channels were later added on the tops of existing ones. The remains of some of these aqueducts still grace the skyline on the outskirts of Rome and elsewhere in Europe similar ruins are found.Brick and stone drains were constructed in various parts of Rome. The oldest existing one is the Cloaca Maxima which follows the course of an old stream. It dates back at least to the third century B.C. Later the drains were used for sewage, flushed by water from the public baths and fountains, as well as street storm run-off.The truly surprising aspect of the achievements of all the ancient hydraulic artisans is the lack of theoretical knowledge behind their designs. Apart from the hydrostatics of Archimedes, there。
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2006年9月中级口译真题Part A: Spot DictationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.British people are far more sophisticated about beverages than they were 50 years ago. Witness the Starbucks revolution and you'll know where ___________ (1) goes. However, spurred on by recent studies suggesting that it can cut the risk of ___________ (2) and retard the aging process, tea is enjoying a ___________ (3).Although tea is available in more places than ever, it remains to be _____________ (4) of a typical British family.If you are invited to an English home, _____________ (5) in the morning you get a cup of tea. It is either brought in by a heartily _____________ (6) or an almost malevolently silent maid. When you are _____________ (7) in your sweetest morning sleep you must not say: 'Go away, you _____________ (8).' On the contrary, you have to declare with your best five o'clock smile: 'Thank you very much. I_____________ (9) a cup of tea, especially in the morning.' If they leave you alone with the liquid you may pour it _____________ (10)!Then you have ___________ (11); then you have tea at 11 o'clock in the morning; _____________ (12); then you have tea for tea; then after supper; and again at eleven o'clock _____________ (13).You must not refuse any additional cups of tea under the _____________ (14): if it is hot; if it is cold; if you are _____________ (15); if you are nervous; if you are watching TV; _____________ (16); if you have just returned home; if you feel like it; if you do not feel like it; if you have had no tea______________ (17); if you have just had a cup.You definitely must not ______________ (18). I sleep at five o'clock in the morning; I have coffee for breakfast; I drink innumerable _____________ (19) during the day; I have the _____________ (20) even at tea-time!Part B: Listening Comprehension1. StatementsDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short statements. These statements will be spoken ONLY ONCE, and you will not find them written on the paper; so you must listen carefully. When you hear a statement, read the answer choices and decide which one is closest in meaning to the statement you have heard. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.1. (A) The program on Channel Eight reminds me of TV commercials.(B) The product advertised in the TV commercial cannot help cure my illness.(C) I don't watch TV that much, because of the omnipresent advertisements.(D) I have to sit on the sofa, because I am too sick to stand in front of the television.2. (A) The plane arrived at 7:30.(B) The plane arrived at 8:00.(C) The plane arrived at 9:00.(D) The plane arrived at 10:00.3. (A) I'll ask someone else to read and check this agreement for errors.(B) I'll think more about the agreement before making a decision.(C) It's obvious that I'll discuss the agreement with my assistant first.(D) It's out of question that I should get into any agreement with you.4. (A) The better members decided to cancel the meeting.(B) Less than half of the committee was away on business trips.(C) It'd be better if no one had attended this morning's committee meeting……(D) The meeting was cancelled because of low attendance.5. (A) Supermarkets in the inner city and the suburbs are usually owned by the same company.(B) Products in grocery stores are more expensive than those in supermarkets.(C) There is a price difference for the same product even in shops run by the same company.(D) People prefer to shop in supermarkets, which are mostly located in the suburbs, with free parking space.6. (A) Many Americans cannot afford higher education because of the soaring college tuition fees and expenses.(B) Sending their children to college is no longer a bigger challenge for millions of Americans.(C) The American government has set the goal that it will eventually stop funding higher education institutions.(D) Nowadays, American parents have to pay more to send their children to college.7. (A) For many university graduates, the jobs they take will not be related to their academic achievements.(B) Because of economic recession, the number of university students majoring in liberal arts is declining.(C) University students who are interested in liberal arts will have more job opportunities upon graduation.(D) With high unemployment rate, many university students will have to opt for transferring to other majors.8. (A) Good business negotiators will never repeat what other people have already restated.(B) Restating by good business negotiators is not an effective way to check the information.(C) Good business negotiators are sometimes curious about other people's restatements.(D) Restating what others have said is a good strategy for confirming understanding.9. (A) We cannot reach an agreement, let alone a spoken promise.(B) We'd better draft and then sign a written agreement.(C) We generally keep our promises in business transactions.(D) We hope you understand why we are unable to keep our promises.10. (A) I don't think you have more to say on that topic.(B) I think we'd better talk about that in detail sometime later.(C) I am truly appreciative if you can elaborate on that topic after lunch.(D) I am busy right now, so we might as well discuss it over lunch today.2. Talks and ConversationsDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks and conversations After each of these, you will hear a few questions. Listen carefully because you will hear the talk or conversation and questions ONLY ONCE. When you hear a question, read the four choices and choose the best answer to that question. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 11-1411. (A) Two (B) Three (C) Four (D) Five12. (A) A profit-making private school.(B) A non-profit-making independent school.(C) A state school that is funded by non-governmental sources.(D) A secondary school that is open to the majority of British students.13. (A) Many children are no longer placed in schools according to their academic abilities.(B) Many children can afford to study in private schools, as they become part of the state system.(C) Children from wealthy families no longer choose to go and study in public schools.(D) Cleverer children will be sent to the best private schools in the country for a better development.14. (A) Clever and less bright children will mix well with each other.(B) School authorities will receive more funds from the government.(C) Most students will do well in their entrance examination for the higher education.(D) Every child will have an equal opportunity to go on to higher education.Questions 15-1815. (A) One that is unabridged with detailed definitions.(B) One that contains fewer words and emphasizes on special words.(C) One that contains a broad range of words in common usage.(D) One that spans several volumes and has extensive word histories16. (A) The New Oxford Picture Dictionary(B) The American Heritage Dictionary(C) The Dictionary of Legal Terms(D) The Drinking Water Dictionary17. (A) It lists abbreviations, proper nouns, and tables of measures.(B) It is an unabridged edition providing as many as 500,000 entries.(C) It was randomly compiled and contains as many foreign words as possible.(D) It provides detailed information of famous people and places.18. (A) A school dictionary. (B) A college dictionary.(C) A general dictionary. (D) A specialized dictionary.Questions 19-2219. (A) He's bought his wife a present. (B) He's missed an important phone call.(C) He's dismissed his new secretary. (D) He's popped out shopping.20. (A) Talking about the latest fashion.(B) Offering special reductions.(C) Giving bigger discounts to female customers.(D) Pressing on the customer to make a decision.21. (A) Upside down and inside out. (B) Inside out and back to front.(C) With its sleeves as trouser legs. (D) With its pattern upside down.22. (A) A V-necked pullover with short sleeves.(B) A high-necked pullover with long sleeves.(C) A white pullover with a pattern.(D) A blue pullover with a high neck.Questions 23-2623. (A) That of a creator. (B) That of a re-creator.(C) That of a receiver. (D) That of a performer.24. (A) Because we need to concentrate for our quiet thought.(B) Because we want to give full attention to the driving.(C) Because we try to avoid being caught by the patrolling police.(D) Because we intend to be as casual as possible in the driving.25. (A) In the elevator. (B) In the car.(C) In the bathroom. (D) In the church.26. (A) By perceptive and analytical listening.(B) By taking a sonic bath.(C) By attending classical concerts.(D) By listening to an emotional piece of music.Questions 27-3027. (A) His grandfather's house. (B) His parents' remarks.(C) A magazine. (D) A coursebook.28. (A) Enjoying visiting zoos. (B) Driving a car.(C) Making money. (D) Taking kids to a museum.29. (A) It died a few years ago. (B) It killed several tourists.(C) It is only a legend. (D) It is a living dinosaur.30. (A) No one has provided an accurate description of the animal.(B) No dead bodies of the animal have ever been found.(C) There are only 500 species living in Loch Ness.(D) The lake is not deep enough for such a huge animal.Part C: Listening and Translation1. Sentence TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 sentences in English. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)2. Passage TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.(1)（2）We are moving inexorably into the age of automation. Our aim is not to devise a mechanism which can perform a thousand different actions of any individual man but, on the contrary, one which could by a single action replace a thousand men.Industrial automation has moved along three lines. First there is the conveyor belt system of continuous production whereby separate operations are linked into a single sequence. The goods produced by this well-established method are untouched by the worker, and the machine replaces both unskilled and semiskilled. Secondly, there is automation with feedback control of the quality of the product: here mechanisms are built into the system which can compare the output with a norm, that is, the actual product with what it is supposed to be, and then correct any shortcomings. The entire cycle of operations dispenses with human control except in so far as monitors are concerned. One or two examples of this type of automation will illustrate its immense possibilities. There is a factory in the U.S.A. which makes 1,000 million electric light bulbs a year, and the factory employs three hundred people. If the preautomation techniques were to be employed, the labour force required would leap to 25,000. A motor manufacturing company with 45,000 spare parts regulates their entire supply entirely by computer. Computers can be entrusted with most of the supervision of industrial installations, such as chemical plants or oil refineries. Thirdly, there is computer automation, for banks, accounting departments, insurance companies and the like. Here the essential features are the recording, storing, sorting and retrieval of information.The principal merit of modern computing machines is the achievement of their vastly greater speed of operation by comparison with unaided human effort; a task which otherwise might take years, if attempted at all, now takes days or hours.One of the most urgent problems of industrial societies rapidly introducing automation is how to fill the time that will be made free by the machines which will take over the tasks of the workers. The question is not simply of filling empty time but also of utilizing the surplus human energy that will be released. We are already seeing straws in the wind: destructive outbursts on the part of youth whose work no longer demands muscular strength. While automation will undoubtedly do away with a large number of tedious jobs, are we sure that it will not put others which are equally tedious in their place? For an enormous amount of sheer monitoring will be required. A man in an automated plant may have to sit for hours on and watching dials and taking decisive action when some signal informs him that all is not well. What meaning will his occupation bear for the worker? How will he devote his free time after a four or five hour stint of labour? Moreover, what, indeed, will be the significance for him of his leisure? If industry of the future could be purged of its monotony and meaninglessness, man would then be better equipped to use his leisure time constructively.16. The main purpose of automation is _________.(A) to devise the machine which could replace the semi-skilled(B) to process information as fast as possible(C) to develop an efficient labor-saving mechanism(D) to make an individual man perform many different actions17. The chief benefit of computing machines is ________.(A) their greater speed of operation(B) their control of the product quality(C) their conveyor belt system of continuous production(D) their supervision of industrial installations18. One of the problems brought about by automation in industrial societies is _________.(A) plenty of information(B) surplus human energy(C) destructive outbursts(D) less leisure time19. Which of the following best explains the use of 'stint' (para.4)?(A) Effort.(B) Force.(C) Excess.(D) Period.20. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?(A) There is no automation with feedback control of the quality of the product.(B) Computers are reliable in any supervision of industrial installations.(C) The essential features for banks are the recording and sorting of information.(D) Automation will undoubtedly eliminate numerous tedious jobs.Questions 21-25The city water pipes in Rome were usually of baked clay or lead; copper was sometimes used and also hollowed stone. For the large supply conduits leading to the city the Romans used covered channels with free water surfaces, rather than pipes. Perhaps this choice was a matter of economics, for apparently they could make lead pipes up to 15 inches in diameter. While pipes can follow the profile of undulating ground, with the pressure increasing in the lower areas, channels cannot. They must slope continuously downwards, because water in channels does not normally flow uphill; and the grade must be flat, from 1 in 60 in small channels to perhaps 1 in 3,000 in large ones, to keep the water speed down to a few feet per second. Thus the main supply channels or aqueducts had long lengths of flat grade and where they crossed depressions or valleys they were carried on elevated stone bridges in the form of tiered arches. At the beginning of the Christian era there were over 30 miles of these raised aqueducts in the 250 miles of channels and tunnels bringing water to Rome. The channels were up to 6 feet wide and 5 to 8 feet high. Sometimes channels were later added on the tops of existing ones. The remains of some of these aqueducts still grace the skyline on the outskirts of Rome and elsewhere in Europe similar ruins are found.Brick and stone drains were constructed in various parts of Rome. The oldest existing one is the Cloaca Maxima which follows the course of an old stream. It dates back at least to the third century B.C. Later the drains were used for sewage, flushed by water from the public baths and fountains, as well as street storm run-off.The truly surprising aspect of the achievements of all the ancient hydraulic artisans is the lack of theoretical knowledge behind their designs. Apart from the hydrostatics of Archimedes, there was no sound understanding of the most elementary principles of fluid behaviour. Sextus Frontinus, Rome's water commissioner around A.D. 100, did not fully realize that in order to calculate the volume rate of flow in a channel it is necessary to allow for the speed of the flow as well as the area of cross-section. The Romans' flow standard was the rate at which water would flow through a bronze pipe roughly 4/3 inch in diameter and 9 inches long. When this pipe was connected to the side of a water-supply pipe orchannel as a delivery outlet, it was assumed that the outflow was at the standard rate. In fact, the amount of water delivered depended not only on the cross-sectional area of the outlet pipe but also on the speed of water flowing through it and this speed depended on the pressure in the supply pipe.21. The Romans used all of the following to make water pipes EXCEPT _________.(A) earth (B) wood (C) copper (D) stone22. Covered channels were used instead of pipes to supply large quantities of water probably because _________.(A) the Romans could build them more cheaply(B) these channels could follow uneven ground more easily(C) the Romans could not build large pipes(D) these channels avoided rapid changes of pressure23. The use of 'grace' in line 15 suggests that the aqueducts today are _________.(A) hideous (B) divine (C) useful (D) attractive24. In order to calculate the volume of water flowing through a pipe, it is important to know its speed and ________.(A) the area across the end of the pipe (B) the length of the pipe(C) the water pressure in the pipe (D) the level from which the water falls25. The main subject of the passage is concerned essentially with __________.(A) the classical scientific achievements(B) the theoretical Greek hydrostatics(C) the ancient Roman hydraulic system(D) the early European architectural designingQuestions 26-30Every day of our lives we are in danger of instant death from small high-speed missiles from space-the lumps of rocky or metallic debris which continuously bombard the Earth. The chances of anyone actually being hit, however, are very low, although there are recorded instances of 'stones from the sky' hurting people, and numerous accounts of damage to buildings and other objects. At night this extraterrestrial material can be seen as 'fireballs' or 'shooting stars', burning their way through our atmosphere. Most, on reaching our atmosphere, become completely vaporised.The height above ground at which these objects become sufficiently heated to be visible is estimated to be about 60-100 miles. Meteorites that have fallen on buildings have sometimes ended their long lonely space voyage incongruously under beds, inside flower pots or even, in the case of one that landed on a hotel in North Wales, within a chamber pot. Before the era of space exploration it was confidently predicted that neither men nor space vehicles would survive for long outside the protective blanket of the Earth's atmosphere. It was thought that once in space they would be seriously damaged as a result of the incessant downpour of meteorites falling towards our planet at the rate of many millions every day. Even the first satellites showed that the danger from meteorites had been greatly overestimated by the pessimists, but although it has not happened yet, it is certain that one day a spacecraft will be badly damaged by a meteorite.The greatest single potential danger to life on Earth undoubtedly comes from outside our planet. Collision with another astronomical body of any size or with a 'black hole' could completely destroy the Earth almost instantly. Near misses of bodies larger than or comparable in size to our own planet could be equally disastrous to mankind as they might still result in total or partial disruption. If the velocity of impact were high, collision with even quite small extraterrestrial bodies might cause catastrophic damage to the Earth's atmosphere, oceans and outer crust and thus produce results inimical to life as we know it. The probability of collision with a large astronomical body from outside our Solar System is extremely low, possibly less than once in the lifetime of an average star. We know, however, that our galaxy contains great interstellar dust clouds and some astronomers have suggested that there might also be immense streams of meteorite matter in space that the Solar system may occasionally encounter. Even if we disregard this possibility, our own Solar system itself contains a great number of small astronomical bodies, such as the minor planets or asteroids and the comets, some with eccentric orbits that occasionally bring them close to the Earth's path.26. According to the writer, the Earth is being continuously bombarded by _________.(A) big bright stars from space(B) man-made space vehicles(C) great interstellar dust clouds(D) small high-speed pieces of rock from space27. The word "vaporised" (para.1) means _________.(A) turned from stones into missiles(B) turned from a fireball into black(C) turned from a solid into a gas(D) turned from meteors into shooting stars28. Why was it once thought that no spacecraft would survive for very long in space?(A) People believed that spacecraft would be destroyed in a black hole.(B) People believed that spacecraft would be misguided by missiles.(C) People believed that spacecraft would be collided with a star.(D) People believed that spacecraft would be damaged by meteorites.29. What is the greatest danger to life on Earth?(A) Collision with small high-speed missiles.(B) Collision with an astronomical body.(C) Collision with stones from the sky.(D) Collision with spacecrafts.30. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?(A) Our galaxy contains great interstellar dust clouds.(B) Near misses of bodies smaller than our own planet could be disastrous.(C) The probability of collision with a large astronomical body is very high.(D) The chances of anyone actually being hit by missiles are very high.SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST (1) (30 minutes)Directions: Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.The economic system of the United States is principally one of private ownership. In this system, consumers, producers and government make economic decisions on a daily basis, mainly through the price system. The dynamic interaction of these three groups makes the economic function. The market’s primary force, however, is the interaction of producers and consumers; hence the “market economy” designation.As a rule, consumers look for the best values for what they spend while producers seek the best price and profit for what they have to sell. Government, at the federal, state, and local level, seeks to promote public security, assure reasonable competition, and provide a range of services believed to be better performed by public rather than private enterprises.Generally, there are three kinds of enterprises: single-owner operated businesses, partnerships and corporations. The first two are important, but it is the latter structure that best permits the amassing of large sums of money by combining the investments of many people who, as stockholders, can buy andsell their shares of the business at any time on the open market. Corporations make large-scale enterprises possible.SECTION 4: TRANSLATION TEST (2) (30 minutes)Directions: Translate the following passage into English and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.进入耶鲁大学的校园，看到莘莘学子青春洋溢的脸庞，呼吸着书香浓郁的空气，我不由回想起40年前在北京清华大学度过的美好时光。