英语中“独立成分”的使用场合及用法探究-教育文档

独立成分（independent Element）

独立成分指的是与句子中其他成分没有语法关系（如一致关系、修饰关系、连接关系等）的词、短语或分句。他们与其他成分之间通常由逗号隔开。独立成分常指以下三种：感叹词（叹词）、呼语和插入语。

I. 感叹词

感叹词（interjection）通常由感叹词表示，也可以由某些短语表示，表示喜怒哀乐等感情，一般位于句首，表示强烈的感情时，其后可用感叹词。如：

Why, the room is empty! 啊要，屋子是空的！（叹词）

Oh, what a wonder! 奥，真是个奇迹！（叹词）

There, there! Don’t cry! 好啦，好啦，别哭了！（习语）

Away! Let me see you no more. 滚开！别让我再见到你。（副词）

II. 呼语

说话人对听话人的称呼，称为呼语（V ocative）。通常由表示人的专有名词表示，也可以是普通名词或短语，可位于句首、句末或句中。如：

Give me a hand, Lucy.帮我哥忙，露西。

Boys, don’t waste your time this way.孩子们，别这么浪费时间！

Comrades, may I have your attention, please?同志们，请注意。

III.插入语

插入语（Parenthesis）对一句话进行解释或说明，表示说话人对说话内容的态度或看法。插入语可以是一个副词（短语）、介词短语、不定式短语、现在分词短语或从句，可位于句首、句中或句末。如：

To te ll you the truth, I don’t want to deal with that fellow.老实说，我不想与那家伙打交道。

There will be happy ending, I hope.我希望将会有个幸福的结局。

Judging from your accent, you must be from Hei longjiang. 听口音，你准是个黑龙江人。

IV. 英语中“插入语”常见的种类和用法

插入语通常与句中其它部分没有语法上的联系，将它删掉之后，句子结构仍然是完整的。书写时我们多半用逗号把它与句子的主句分开。

1. 插入语的种类较多，常见的有：

1>.代词词组作插入语

能用作插入语的代词词组有all the same , all told , all in all等。例如：

His students was reduced to fifty—six all told.他的学生减少到总共56人。

All in all, her achievement is greatly improved.总的来说，她的成绩有很大的好转。

2>. 形容词（短语）作插入语

常见的能用作插入语的形容词（短语）有：常见的能用作插入语的形容词(短语)有excellent，

most important of all , true , wonderful, sure enough, strange to say , worst still等等。例如：Wonderful , our team has won again.太好了，我们队又赢了。

Most important of all，we must hand in all the homework..最重要的是，我们要上交所有的作业。

True, it would be too late.真的，时间太晚了。

Strange to say, we have not got the news up to now.

说来也奇怪，我们到现在还没有得到这个消息。

3>.副词(短语)作插入语

能用作插入语的副词(短语)有generally，frankly , indeed , surely , still , exactly，otherwise,, certainly，however , personally , honestly，fortunately , though，besides，perhaps，maybe, probably，or rather, lucki1y，等。例如:

When he got to campus，he found，however, that his knowledge was too limited. 可是到了大学之后，他发现他的知识太有限了。

Otherwise , he would still be working at factory.不然的话，他还会在工厂工作的。

4>.介词短语作插入语

用作插入语的介词短语有: on the other hand, in fact, as a matter of fact，in one's opinion, as a result , in general, in a word，in short, in other words，in a few words，of course, by the way, for example, to one’s surprise,in conclusion, on the contrary，in brief等。例如:

To their surprise ，they saw not water this time but glass.

使他们惊讶的是，他们这次看到的不是水而是玻璃。

You can't wait any more----- in other words，you have to go at once.

你不能再等了，换言之，你得立即出发。

On the contrary , we should strengthen our ties with them on this aspect.

相反，我们还应加强和他们的联系。

5>.不定式短语作插入语

能用作插入语的不定式短语有to be honest , to be frank , to be sure，to tell you the truth，to make the matter worse，to start with , to begin with，to sum up等。例如To be frank, I don not want to tell your truth.坦率地说，我不想告诉你真相。

To tell you the truth , I'm not so interested in your matter.跟你说实话，我对你的事情兴趣不大。

To sum up, success results from hard work.总而言之，成功来自艰苦

6>.分词短语作插入语.

分词短语作插入语常见的有:Considering everything into consideration ; everything considered into consideration ; taking everything into consideration；everything taken into consideration(考虑到一切); granting/granted that 即使);judging by /from(通过......判断); talking/speaking of(谈到);seeing that(鉴于);given(考虑到); Supposing( that)(假定);assuming( that)(假定);strictly speaking严格地说); compared to /with(与....相比较);generally speaking(一般来说)等，例如:

Seeing that he is ill, he is unlikely to go to school.鉴于他病了，他不可能去学校了. Compared with other good students, Liming is a more satisfying student.

和其它好学生相比，李明是一个较为让人满意的学生.

Given the general state of her health, Xiaohua may take her a while to recover from the operation.

考虑她的身体状况，可能要花一段时间她才能从手术中恢复健康。

Generally speaking, the weather in my hometown is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer.一般来说，我家乡的气候冬天不太冷，夏大不太热。

judging by his clothes，he may be a doctor.从衣着来判断，他可能是个医生。Talking of singing, will you go to the concert with me tomorrow? 说到唱歌，你愿意