人教版高中英语【必修一】[话题语言运用_英语的发展

人教版高中英语必修一

知识点梳理

重点题型（常考知识点）巩固练习

话题语言应用——英语的发展

语言积累

交际用语

表达语言交际困难（language difficulties in communication ）

I beg your pardon? 请再说一遍好吗？

Pardon? 请再说一遍好吗？

Can you speak more slowly, please? 请说慢一点好吗？

How do you say ...in English? 用英语怎么说……？

Could you say that again, please? 请再说一遍好吗？

How do you spell it please? 请问它怎么拼？

How do you pronounce this word? 你怎么读这个单词？

Sorry, I can’t follow you.对不起，我不明白你说的话。

What do you mean by...? ……是什么意思？

I don’t understand.我不明白。

Can you repeat that, please? 请再说一遍好吗？

What does that mean? 那是什么意思？

I can’t get my point across. / I can’t get through to him. 无法让他明白。

What do you call this in English? 英文管这叫什么?

Can you say that in a different way? 你能换一种说法来说吗？

【unit 2语言应用】，

话题语句1

Knowledge about language

1. How many languages are there in the world?

6912 (39,431 distinct (有区别的) names of languages, dialects, and alternate names) 2. How many languages can you use to say “Hello”?

3. What is “Esperanto（世界语）”?

Esperanto is the most widely spoken constructed international auxiliary（辅助）language.

世界语是波兰籍犹太人柴门霍夫博士（L.L.Zamenhof）1887年在印欧语系的基础上创立的一种国际辅助语，旨在消除国际交往的语言障碍，被誉为“国际普通话”。后人根据柴门霍夫公布这种语言方案时所用笔名“Doktoro Esperanto”（意为“希望者博士”），称这种语言为“Esperanto”。20世纪初，当世界语刚传入中国时，有人曾把它音译为“爱死不难读”语，也有叫“万国新语”。后来，有人借用日本人的意译名称“世界语”，并一直沿用至今。

世界语是在印欧语系的基础上，创造出来的一种人造语，共有二十八个字母，书写形式采用拉丁字母，一个字母只发一个音，每个字母的音值始终不变，也没有不发音的字母，语音和书写完全一致。每个词的重音固定在倒数第二个音节上。学会了二十八个字母和掌握了拼音规则，就可以读出和写出任何一个单词。世界语基本词汇的词根，大部分来自印欧语系的各自然语言。其中大部分来自拉丁语族，少部分来自日耳曼语族和斯拉夫语族。世界语的语法是在印欧语系的基础上加以提炼的，其基本规则只有十六条，因此比较容易掌握。世界语从1905年起开始传入中国。

4. What are the top 3 most widely used languages in the world?

Chinese Mandarin (普通话) 3.69%

Spanish (西班牙语) 5.05%

English 4.84%

5. What is “language family”? Which families do English and Chinese belong to?

A language family is group of languages related (有关系的) through descent (血统) from a common ancestor (祖先), called the proto-language (原始语) of that family.

English –Indo- European language family印欧语系

Chinese –Sino-Tibetan language family汉藏语系

6. Think of three countries where English is spoken as a first language.

America, Britain, Australia

Think of three countries where English is spoken as a second language.

India, Kenya, Malaysia

Think of three countries where English is only used as a foreign language.

China, Japan, Russia ■

话题语句2 Language study 语言学习

1. share one’s experience of learning English 分享学习英语的经验

2. V ocabulary is an important part of language, just like bricks in a building．

词汇（表）是语言的重要部分，就像建筑物的砖。

3. memorize twenty new words a day 一天背20个生词

4. listen to English programs on TV and on the radio 听电视和收音机上的英语节目

5. use what we’ve learned in order to have a better grasp of it 使用所学以便好好掌握

6. read interesting English books and magazines 读有趣的英语书籍和杂志

7. have more interactive activities in class, such as discussions, interviews, story-telling and role-play 有很多的课上互动活动，如讨论、采访、讲故事和角色扮演

8. take part in more out-of-class activities like English speech contests and English evenings

参加更多的课外活动，像英语讲演和英语晚会

9. communicate in English with people, whether they are English teachers or classmates, foreigners or Chinese

用英语与人交流，无论他们是英语老师还是同学，外国人还是中国人

10. join English clubs or make English pen-friends on the Internet

加入英语俱乐部，或在网上交笔友

11. In order to speak English fluently, he tries his best to learn and practise.

为了能流利地说英语，他尽全力来学习和练习。

12. make learning English relaxing and fun 使学英语轻松有趣

13. We can have more fun learning English. 我们可以使学英语更有趣味。

话题语句3

American English and British English

(2014 北京东城期末) Many students want to know about the differences between American English and British English. How did these differences come about? There is no quick answer to this question.

At first the language in Britain and America was the same. In 1776 America became an independent (独立的) country. After that, the language slowly began to change. For a long time the language in America stayed the same, while the language in England changed. For example, 300 years ago the English talked about “fall” Today, most British people talk about “autumn”, but Americans still talk about “fall”. In the same way Americans still use the expression “I guess”(m eaning “I think”), just as (像) the British did 300 years ago. At the same time, British English and American English started borrowing words from other languages, ending up with (以……结束) different words. For example, the British took “typhoon” from Chinese, while the Americans took “tornado” from Spanish.

In 1828 Noah Webster published the first American dictionary. He wanted to make American English different from British English, so he changed the spelling of many words. That’s why the