英语课堂问题答案汇总

Introduction

1.Distinctive features of the three materials (general impression)

Science Research Writing for Non-Native Speakers of English was pressed by Imperial College. Easy to access; Practical（relentlessly practical）

Writing for Science and Engineering: Papers, Presentations and Reports was pressed by the University of Auckland, This book has been designed with the needs of science and engineering graduate students and junior professionals in mind(Target reader – oriented); You appreciate prescriptions. You need to be able to read any chapter in isolation. This book has lots of cross-references within it to other parts of the book.

Writing Science: How to Write Papers That Get Cited and Proposals That Get Funded was pressed by Oxford University. Vivid and interesting (metaphor, analogy)

2.When is the write best time to write the introduction?

The best time to write it will be after you have written, or at least drafted, the report sections.

3.Why is the shape of a research article symmetrical?

This is because many of the things you need to do in the Introduction are done —in reverse order — in the Discussion/Conclusion.

4.What are the four ways to connect sentences (ideas)?

One of your tasks as a writer is to make sure that your reader is carried carefully from one piece of information to the next. Connecting sentences and concepts is good for you too, as it forces you to develop your ideas logically. One way to connect sentences is to overlap, meaning to repeat something from the previous sentence. Another way is to use a pronoun (it, they) or pro-form (this method, these systems) to glue the sentences together. The third way is not to finish the sentence at all, but to join it to the next sentence with a semicolon or a relative clause (a ‘which’ clause). Joining sentences with a semicolon works well when two sentences are very closely related and one of them is quite short. The fourth way is to use a signalling sentence connector to indicate the relationship between one sentence and the next, or one part of a sentence and the next.

5.Can we use “I” or “we” in research articles? Passive/Active

You can use we to refer to your research group or team, but do not use it to refer to people or humanity in general. If you are referring to people in general, it’s better to use a construction with It (It is known/thought that…) rather than We know/think that… It is also common to use the passive instead of we. Use words like here and in this study to let your reader know when you are referring to your own work. You can also use a ‘dummy’ subject to take the place of I or we.

6.Any similarities and differences between the related sections about paragraph in

these two books? (Imperial P 12-15; Oxford P 104-111)

Paragraphs are an important visual aid to effective reading and writing. Two common errors in paragraphing are clusters of short or single sentence paragraphs, and paragraphs that