基本英语语法英语grammar精讲内容
柯林斯英语语法系列
柯林斯英语语法系列柯林斯英语语法系列是一套系统全面的语法教材，它涵盖了英语语法的各个方面并以清晰的解释和示例帮助学习者掌握相关知识。
本文将为您提供柯林斯英语语法系列的相关参考内容，旨在帮助您更好地理解和学习英语语法。
1. 《柯林斯英语语法 - 基础篇》（Collins Easy Learning English Grammar）:- 名词：介绍名词的分类和数的变化规则。
- 代词：解释人称代词、指示代词、不定代词等的用法。
- 动词：介绍动词的时态、语态、情态动词等基本知识。
- 形容词和副词：解释形容词和副词在句子中的修饰作用。
- 句子结构：讲解主语、谓语、宾语等在句子中的关系和顺序。
2. 《柯林斯英语语法 - 进阶篇》（Collins Cobuild English Grammar）:- 从句：详细介绍并区分主从句、名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句等。
- 时态和语态：深入讲解各种时态和语态的构成和用法，并提供例句进行说明。
- 介词和连词：解释介词和连词在句子中的连接作用，并列出常见的介词和连词。
- 句型变化：介绍句子的各种变化形式，如倒装、省略、强调等。
3. 《柯林斯英语语法 - 高级篇》（Collins Cobuild AdvancedEnglish Grammar）:- 语法关系：详细介绍句子成分之间的语法关系，如主谓关系、同位关系、并列关系等。
- 修饰语的用法：讲解不同类型的修饰语及其用法，如形容词短语、副词短语和分词等。
- 状语从句的种类：介绍各种状语从句的用法，如时间状语从句、条件状语从句等。
- 引导词的用法：解释不同引导词的用法和意义，如虚拟语气中的if、would等。
以上仅是柯林斯英语语法系列的一部分内容，该系列还涉及英语语法的其他方面，如形容词和副词的比较级和最高级、被动语态的用法等。
柯林斯英语语法系列以其简明扼要的解释、丰富的例句和习题，帮助学习者全面理解和巩固英语语法知识。
通过阅读和学习柯林斯英语语法系列，您可以逐步掌握英语语法的基本知识和高级技巧，并能够正确运用于日常交流和书面表达中。
Grammar 英语语法PPT
remember to do something(记得去做某事 记得去做某事) 记得去做某事
2、 、 In the north of
in the +方位名词 方位名词+of...指在某一范围内的地区 指在某一范围内的地区. 方位名词 指在某一范围内的地区 e.g. Beijing is in the north of China.北京在中国的北部 在内部 北京在中国的北部.(在内部 北京在中国的北部 在内部)
2、You can use 'have' with luck only when luck has something 、 before it such as 'bad', 'good', 'much', 'any' 'a bit of' etc.
3、Luck is an uncountable noun. Do not say 'a luck'. To talk 、 about one lucky event you can say a piece of luck, a bit of luck, or a stroke of luck.
Analysis of the words
Bear: to be able to accept and deal with sth unpleasant
(used with can/could in negative sentences and questions) I can’t bear having dogs in the house. bear up=against : to remain as cheerful as possible during a difficult time He’s bearing up well ender the strain of losing his job. 他坚强地顶住了失业的压力 bear with sb/sth : to be patient with sb/sth If you will bear with me (=be patient and listen to me) a little longer, I’ll answer your question. 如果你能耐心 点听我把话说完，我会回答你问题的． 点听我把话说完，我会回答你问题的． She’s under a lot of strain. Just bear with her(=be patient with her).
英语语法汇总Grammar
英语语法汇总Grammar营口高中韩祥宇目录contents一．时态二.冠词三.代词四.介词和介词短语五.形容词和副词六情态动词七.非谓语动词八.简单句和并列句九.倒装十.情景交际十一.定语从句十二.名词性从句十三.状语从句§一时态一进行体①现在进行时 1.look! what is he doing 表示说话时正在发生的动作2.目前这段时间的持续(不强调起止) eg:⑴He is writing a novel these day⑵I’m just helping until the new secretary(秘书)comes3.终止性动词（非延续性动词）的进行体表将来，有计划性。
4.“越来越”表渐进性 eg:It’s getting cooler and cooler5.eg:always／forever表示说话人的赞扬或抱怨／constantly(经常的)②将来进行时 1.形式will／shall be doing2.表示未来将于某一段某一点3.表推测（客观存在）无计划性表可能 eg:I shall be meeting Alice.③完成进行时 1.形式have／has been doing2.强调持续性，强调中间无间断3.延续性 eg:I have been writing a report which will finished tomorrow.4.非延续性动词用于完成进行时表反复性 eg:Since summer this year he have been going to the night school(自从去年夏天，他一直去夜校)二完成体①现在完成时 1.形式have／has done2.有起点（过去）有终点（现在）不强调过去什么时候发生，只强调现在什么时候完成。
3.动作发生在过去持续到现在4.动作没持续到现在但影响持续到现在 eg:I got caught in the rain just now any coat has been damaged5．曾经有过的经历6.说话所处的时间段内反复发生的动作 eg:Tom’s car has been broken into five’s this month.7．句型:It is(现在时)the first time(that)I have seen(现在完成时)the film.seen(现在完成时) ever since.eg2: When he came to,he wondered how long he had lain(躺)on the ground.②将来完成时 1.形式will/shall have done2.by＋将来时间状语 eg:By the end of this year,I will have finished this job.3.主将从现eg：{By(将来时间点) the time I arrived（现在时）}（时间状语从句）,Tom will have left.三一般体①一般现在时 1.表示性质，状态，属性，特征2．表示频度，经常性※反例：I didn’t ask for the name list how has it landed on my dask?3.客观事实（书评、影评、真理、文学评论）4.固定时间发生的事用现在时替代将来时。
Unit 6 Period 1 Grammar 课内语法精讲-六年级英语上册(牛津上海版)
6. It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间 It took me half an hour to go over my lesson. 复习功课花了我半个
小时。 = I spent half an hour on my lesson.
7. a few, some, a lot of a few一些；some一些；a lot of许多 这些都是表示数量的单词或短语。a few用来修饰可数名词，表示肯定，意为“少数的；几 个；一些”。例如： I have a few books. 我有一些书。 some是不定量代词，意为“一些”，既可以修饰可数名词，也能修饰不可数名词，常用于肯 定句，当用在特殊疑问句中时表示渴望得到对方的肯定回答。例如： I'd like to have some milk for breakfast. 早餐我想喝一些牛奶。 -Would you like some water?你想要喝水吗？ -No, thank you. 不，谢谢。 a lot of是一个形容词性短语，意为“许多，大量”，修饰可数名词或不可数名词，常用于肯 定句中。例如： There are a lot of trees in this park. 这个公园里有大量的树。 Tom earns a lot of money by hard work. 汤姆通过努力工作挣了许多钱。
Unit6 Going to school
1. be/live near some place 离/住得离某地近 My school is
_______ my home. 我家离学校很近。 I live _______ my
school. 我住得离学校很近。【答案】near
人教版七年级英语上册Unit7Grammar说课稿
（四）总结反馈
在总结反馈阶段，我将采取以下措施引导学生自我评价并提供有效反馈：
1.让学生自我总结在本节课中学到的知识点，并分享学习心得。
2.教师通过提问和回答，引导学生反思学习过程中可能遇到的问题和解决方法。
3.教师提供针对性的反馈，包括对学生的表扬和建议，以及对共性问题进行澄清和解释。
五、板书设计与教学反思
（一）板书设计
我的板书设计将采用清晰的布局，主要内容包括课程标题、学习目标、重点知识点、例句以及总结。风格上，我将采用简洁明了的设计，使用不同颜色的粉笔区分不同部分，以便学生识别和记忆。板书布局分为三个区域：顶部是课程标题和学习目标，中间是知识点和例句，底部是总结和作业布置。板书在教学过程中起到提纲挈领的作用，帮助学生把握知识结构。为了确保板书清晰简洁，我会提前规划板书内容，避免过度冗余，并在课后及时擦除，为下节课做好准备。
（三）学习动机
为了激发学生的学习兴趣和动机，我将采取以下策略或活动：
1.创设情境：通过设计贴近学生生活的情境，如介绍朋友、家庭等，让学生在真实的语境中感受一般现在时的使用。
2.游戏化学习：运用游戏和竞赛等互动方式，增加学习的趣味性，激发学生的学习热情。
3.小组合作：鼓励学生进行小组讨论和合作，通过同伴互助，共同解决问题，提高学习效率。
4.成就感激励：对学生的进步给予及时反馈和表扬，增强他们的自信心和成就感。
5.联系实际：将语法知识与学生的日常生活紧密结合，让学生感受到学习英语的实用性和价值。
三、教学方法与手段
（一）教学策略
本节课我将采用以下主要教学方法：情景教学法、任务型教学法、合作学习法和支架式教学法。情景教学法能够让学生在真实的语境中学习语法，提高语言的实用性；任务型教学法通过设定具体任务，引导学生主动探究，培养解决问题的能力；合作学习法鼓励学生之间相互协作，共同完成任务，促进交流与合作；支架式教学法通过逐步引导，帮助学生构建知识体系。这些方法的选择基于建构主义学习理论，认为学习是一个主动建构的过程，学生通过实际操作、交流合作来构建自己的知识体系。
英语零基础语法大全精讲
英语零基础语法大全精讲English grammar may seem intimidating at first, but it doesn't have to be. With a little bit of practice and patience, you can master the basics of English grammar.Here's a breakdown of the most important grammar rules to get you started:1. Nouns: A noun is a person, place, or thing. Nouns can be singular or plural, and they can be used as subjects, objects, or possessives in a sentence.2. Verbs: A verb is an action word. Verbs can be in the past, present, or future tense, and they can be regular or irregular.3. Adjectives: An adjective is a word that describes a noun. Adjectives can be used to convey size, shape, color, and many other qualities.4. Adverbs: An adverb is a word that describes a verb or adjective. Adverbs can be used to convey time, manner, place, and degree.5. Pronouns: A pronoun is a word that takes the place ofa noun. Pronouns can be used to avoid repetition, and they can be subject or object pronouns.6. Prepositions: A preposition is a word that shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in a sentence. Common prepositions include in, on, at, and by.7. Conjunctions: A conjunction is a word that connects words or phrases in a sentence. Common conjunctions include and, or, but, and so.8. Articles: An article is a word that comes before anoun to indicate whether it is definite or indefinite. The definite article is 'the', and the indefinite articles are 'a' and 'an'.By learning and practicing these basic grammar rules, you can improve your English skills and communicate more effectively in both writing and speaking. Don't be afraid to make mistakes – they're all part of the learning process. Keep practicing and soon you'll be a grammar pro!。
新外研版初中英语语法(全册)
新外研版初中英语语法(全册)
本文档旨在提供新外研版初中英语全册的语法内容简介。
以下
是各个单元的语法点的概述：
Unit 1: Grammar
- 介绍了一般现在时和现在进行时的用法，以及它们与频度副
词的搭配。
- 引入了一般过去时，包括肯定、否定和疑问句的构成和用法。
- 介绍了表示过去的频度副词，如often, sometimes等。
Unit 2: Grammar
- 研究了比较级和最高级的形式和用法，包括规则变化和不规
则变化。
- 引入了形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成方式。
- 研究了对比和比较句型的结构和用法。
Unit 3: Grammar
- 讨论了一般将来时的构成和用法，包括will和be going to的
区别。
- 研究了使用一般将来时表达计划、打算和预测。
- 引入了时间状语从句，并解释了如何在句子中使用这些从句。
Unit 4: Grammar
- 研究了现在完成时的构成和用法，包括表示经验、结果和变
化的情况。
- 引入了表示经验和时间段的时间状语。
- 讨论了for和since在现在完成时中的使用方式。
Unit 5: Grammar
- 探讨了一般过去将来时的构成和用法，包括would和
was/were going to的区别。
- 研究了将来计划和意图的表达方式。
- 引入了并列连词和条件句的结构和使用。
...（依此类推，简要介绍其他单元的语法点）
通过学习这本教材，学生将能够掌握初中英语的基本语法知识。
希望本文档对您有所帮助。
英语语法(Grammar)
英语语法（Grammar）一、一般疑问句（The General Question Sentence）1、句子中有am ,is ,are的，把am ,is ,are提前，句号（period /΄piəriəd/）变成问号（question mark）。
例：This is a boy. →Is this a boy?2、句子中有will ,can的，把will, can提前，句号（period /΄piəriəd/）变成问号（question mark）。
例：He can play ball. →Can he play ball?3、变一般疑问句时，把I we变成you,把am变成are 。
例：I am a boy. →Are you a boy?4、当句子中没有am ,is ,are ，will ,can时，需do , does帮忙⑴当句子人称是I , we, you , they等第一、第二人称或为复数名词（Birds）时，句子前加Do，句号变问号。
例：I know that man. →Do you know that man?⑵当句子人称是she, he, it等第三人称或为单数名词（a chair）时，句子前加Does，动词变成原形（has →have）,句号变问号。
例：Lucy runs fast. →Does Lucy run fast?He has apen. →Does he have a pen?二、特殊疑问句(Special Interrogative Sentence)1、特殊疑问词：What（什么）,Who（谁）What对thing提问（thing指职业、不明白的事或物）, Who对person提问（person指人）。
结构：特殊疑问词＋一般疑问句＋？例：He is a doctor.用What代替a doctor, is提前到he前→What is he?This is a chair. →What is this?That woman is my mother. →Who is that woman?2、划线部分是地点（place）：→用Where提问。
牛津英语语法要点精讲 朗文英语语法
牛津英语语法要点精讲朗文英语语法Oxford English Grammar Basics and Longman English GrammarIntroductionEnglish grammar is a complex and important topic for anyone learning the language. In this document, we will discuss some key points from two popular English grammar guides - Oxford English Grammar Basics and Longman English Grammar. These resources provide comprehensive explanations and examples to help learners understand the rules and structures of English grammar.1. Parts of SpeechBoth Oxford English Grammar Basics and Longman English Grammar cover the basic parts of speech in English, including nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. Understanding the function of each part of speech is essential for constructing grammatically correct sentences.2. Sentence StructureSentence structure is a fundamental aspect of English grammar. Both resources explain how to form different types of sentences, including simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences. They also discuss word order, subject-verb agreement, and the importance of punctuation in shaping meaning.3. Verb TensesVerbs play a crucial role in expressing actions, states, and time in English. Oxford English Grammar Basics and Longman English Grammar provide detailed explanations of the various verb tenses, including present, past, future, present continuous, past continuous, future continuous, present perfect, past perfect, and future perfect. Mastering verb tenses is essential for effective communication in English.4. Subject-Verb AgreementSubject-verb agreement refers to the relationship between the subject and verb in a sentence. Both resources emphasize the importance of ensuring that the verb agrees with the subject in terms of number and person. Understanding subject-verb agreement helps learners avoid common errors in their writing and speaking.5. ModifiersModifiers are words or phrases that provide additional information about nouns, pronouns, verbs, or other modifiers in a sentence. Oxford English Grammar Basics and Longman English Grammar explain the different types of modifiers, such as adjectives, adverbs, and prepositional phrases. Using modifiers effectively can enhance the clarity and precision of writing.6. Sentence Fragments and Run-On SentencesSentence fragments are incomplete sentences that lack a subject, verb, or complete thought. Run-on sentences, on the other hand, are lengthy sentences that lack appropriate punctuation or conjunctions. Both resources offer guidance on how to identify and correct sentence fragments and run-on sentences to improve the overall coherence of writing.7. ParallelismParallelism involves using similar grammatical structures for items in a list, series, or comparison. Oxford English Grammar Basics and Longman English Grammar highlight the importance of maintaining parallel structure to enhance the readability and flow of sentences. Consistent parallelism can make writing more cohesive and engaging.8. Relative ClausesRelative clauses provide additional information about a noun or pronoun in a sentence. Both resources explain how to form and use relative clauses effectively, including defining and non-defining relative clauses. Understanding relative clauses helps learners expand their sentence structures and convey complex ideas more clearly.ConclusionIn conclusion, Oxford English Grammar Basics and Longman English Grammar are valuable resources for anyone looking to improve their understanding of English grammar. By focusing on key concepts such as parts of speech, sentence structure, verb tenses, subject-verb agreement, modifiers, sentence fragments, run-on sentences, parallelism, and relative clauses, learners can enhance their language skills and communicate more effectively in English. Continuous practice and application of these grammar rules will lead to greater confidence and proficiency in using the English language.。
人教版高中英语必修三Unit3第四学时Grammar
答案
语法 精讲
例 5Ontehraetasonforherpreferenceforcitylifeis________sheca nhaveeasyaccesstoplaceslikeshopsandrestaurants.
考解查析表：语从句。考察that引导表语从句的用法。表 语从句中that不可以省略。
高中英语课件
madeofcanruohanxing
英语·必修3(人教版)
第四学时 Grammar
语法 精讲
名词从句（一）——宾语从句和表语从句
名词性从句，指性质相当于名词的从句。根据它在句 中不同的语法功能，它可分为主语从句、宾语从句、 表语从句和同位语从句。
语法
精讲
一、宾语从句
1．定义。 在复合句中充当动词或介词的宾语的句子就是宾语从句。 2．位置。 (1)位于及物动词后。 Isaidthat_I_would_go_home_immediately． 我说我要立即回家。
语法 精讲
(2)位于介词后。 Youshouldthinkaboutwhat_your_teacher_said_just_now． 你应该考虑一下你老师刚刚说的话。 (3)位于形容词后。 I'mverygladthat_he_has_made_rapid_progress． 他取得这么快的进步，我非常高兴。 3．引导宾语从句的引导词。
DavidCopperfielsrathercloselymodeledonhisownlife.
解考析查：表语从句。从句不缺成分，因此用that来引导 。句意：狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说《大卫·科波菲 尔》的部分原因是小说创作非常贴近他本人的真 实生活。
语法 精讲
语法 精讲
初中英语七年级上册(牛津译林版)Unit8Grammar说课稿
（四）总结反馈
在总结反馈阶段，我将采取以下措施：
1.让学生自我评价：在学习结束后，让学生回顾本节课所学内容，总结自己在语法、词汇和口语表达方面的收获。
2.同伴评价：组织学生互相评价，提出对方的优点和需要改进的地方。
3.教师反馈：针对学生的表现，给予积极的评价和鼓励，指出需要改进的地方，并提出针对性的建议。
本节课的主要知识点有：
1.一般现在时和现在进行时的基本概念和用法。
2.使用一般现在时和现在进行时描述穿着和动作。
3.掌握与时尚相关的词汇和表达方式。
（二）教学目标
三维教学目标如下：
1.知识与技能：
（1）学生能够理解并运用一般现在时和现在进行时描述穿着和动作。
（2）学生能够掌握与时尚相关的词汇和表达方式，并能在实际情景中运用。
5.录音机：播放时尚主题的听力材料，提高学生的听力理解能力。
（三）互动方式
为促进学生的参与和合作，我计划设计以下师生互动和生生互动环节：
1.师生互动：
（1）教师提问，学生回答，检查学生对知识的掌握程度。
（2）教师邀请学生上台展示，进行现场指导和评价。
（3）教师组织小组讨论，引导学生积极参与，提高课堂氛围。
3.加强与学生的沟通，了解他们的学习需求，不断优化教学方法。
（二）媒体资源
我将使用以下教具、多媒体资源和技术工具辅助教学：
1.多媒体课件：展示时尚图片、视频等，为学生提供丰富的视觉素材，增强课堂趣味性。
2.互动白板：方便实时展示学生作品，进行现场修改和点评，提高课堂互动性。
3.网络资源：利用互联网搜集与时尚相关的素材，拓展学生视野，提高学习积极性。
英语语法精讲
英语语法精讲引言：语法是学习英语的基础，它是语言的骨架，决定了句子的结构和意义。
掌握好英语语法对于提高英语水平和表达能力至关重要。
本教案将从基础概念到高级语法知识，系统地介绍英语语法的各个方面。
一、句子结构句子是语言表达的基本单位，它由主语、谓语和宾语构成。
主语是句子的主要话题，谓语是主语所做的动作或状态，宾语是动作的承受者或影响者。
在句子结构中，我们还需要了解补语、定语和状语的作用和用法。
二、时态和语态时态和语态是英语中非常重要的语法概念。
时态表示动作发生的时间，包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等。
语态表示动作的主动或被动形式，包括主动语态和被动语态。
深入理解时态和语态的用法，可以帮助我们准确地表达过去、现在和将来的动作。
三、名词和代词名词是指人、事物、地点、抽象概念等，它是句子中的主语、宾语和补语。
代词是用来代替名词的词语，它可以简化句子结构，提高语言的流畅性。
在学习名词和代词时，我们需要了解它们的性别、单复数、所有格等变化规则。
四、形容词和副词形容词用来描述名词的特征和性质，副词用来修饰动词、形容词和其他副词。
形容词和副词的正确使用可以使语言更加生动、具体和精确。
在学习形容词和副词时，我们需要了解它们的比较级和最高级形式，以及修饰位置的不同。
五、介词和连词介词用来表示名词或代词与其他词之间的关系，连词用来连接句子和句子中的各个成分。
介词和连词的运用可以使句子更加连贯和流畅。
在学习介词和连词时，我们需要掌握它们的常见用法和搭配。
六、从句和复合句从句是一个完整的句子，它可以作为句子的一部分出现。
复合句是由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子。
了解从句和复合句的结构和用法，可以帮助我们更好地理解复杂的句子结构和表达逻辑关系。
七、虚拟语气和倒装句虚拟语气用来表示与事实相反的假设或愿望，倒装句是将句子中的主语和谓语的位置颠倒。
掌握虚拟语气和倒装句的用法，可以使我们的语言更加地丰富和变化。
结语：语法是英语学习的基石，掌握好语法知识对于提高英语水平至关重要。
英语语法100讲精讲
英语语法100讲精讲English Answer:Grammar is an essential aspect of language learning. It helps us understand how words and phrases are organized to create meaningful sentences. By studying grammar, we can improve our communication skills and express our thoughts more accurately. In this article, I will discuss 100 important grammar points that will help you enhance your English language proficiency.Let's start with the basics. One fundamental aspect of grammar is understanding the parts of speech. Nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections are the building blocks of sentences. Each of these parts of speech has a specific role in conveying meaning. For example, nouns are used to name people, places, things, or ideas, while verbs describe actions or states of being. Understanding the functions of each part of speech is crucial for constructinggrammatically correct sentences.Moving on, let's discuss sentence structure. In English, sentences typically follow a subject-verb-object order. However, there are variations to this basic structure, such as questions, commands, and exclamations. For instance, ina question, the subject and verb are inverted, and in a command, the subject is often implied. Learning these sentence structures will enable you to communicateeffectively in different contexts.Next, let's delve into verb tenses. English has avariety of tenses, including present, past, and future.Each tense indicates the time at which an action occurs.For example, the present tense is used to describe actions happening now, while the past tense refers to actions that have already happened. By mastering verb tenses, you can accurately convey the timeline of events in your writing or speech.Another important aspect of grammar is understandingthe use of articles. Articles (a, an, the) help specifywhether a noun is general or specific. "A" and "an" are indefinite articles used before singular countable nouns, while "the" is a definite article used before both singular and plural nouns. Learning when and how to use articles correctly will make your sentences more precise and coherent.Furthermore, let's explore the concept of subject-verb agreement. In English, the subject and verb in a sentence must agree in number and person. For example, if the subject is singular, the verb must also be singular. Similarly, if the subject is plural, the verb should be plural as well. Understanding subject-verb agreement prevents grammatical errors and ensures clarity in your writing or speech.Additionally, let's discuss the use of pronouns. Pronouns are words that replace nouns to avoid repetition. They help make sentences more concise and fluent. However, it is important to use pronouns correctly and ensure agreement with the noun they replace. For example, if the noun is singular, the pronoun should also be singular.Pronouns also play a crucial role in maintaining coherence and avoiding ambiguity in writing.Moreover, let's touch upon the topic of sentence modifiers. Adjectives and adverbs are used to modify nouns and verbs, respectively. Adjectives provide moreinformation about a noun, such as its size, color, or shape. Adverbs, on the other hand, describe how an action is doneor provide more details about the verb. Using appropriate modifiers enhances the clarity and vividness of your descriptions.Furthermore, let's discuss the importance of punctuation. Punctuation marks, such as commas, periods, question marks, and exclamation points, help convey meaning and clarify the structure of sentences. For example, a comma is used to separate items in a list, while a period indicates the end of a sentence. Proper punctuation ensures that your writing is clear and easy to understand.To sum up, grammar is a crucial aspect of language learning. Understanding the parts of speech, sentencestructure, verb tenses, articles, subject-verb agreement, pronouns, modifiers, and punctuation will greatly improve your English language skills. By practicing and applying these grammar rules, you will become a more confident and proficient English speaker and writer.中文回答：语法是语言学习的重要方面。
英语语法讲义
何梅
英语语法概览
1 What is grammar? 语法是语言现象的总结=>你也可以归纳语法规则！ 语法就是关于字词如何组合起来表达复杂意义的规则。 I smile the girl. / I hug the girl. I am more interesting in English grammar. You may be interested, but you are not interesting! Lady go supermarket meet friend. Mary runs faster than me. The book, an old man, a woman. In the book, there are an old man and a woman.
特殊虚拟语气
1 在suggest (建议), recommend (推荐), advise (劝告), propose (建议) insist (坚持), consent (允诺) decide (决定), order (命令) request (要 求), demand (要求), desire (期望), ask (要求) maintain (主张), urge (催促) 等后面接虚拟语气，可以省略should. She suggested he (should) go back to the countryside.
体Aspect
体aspect： 词汇体：静态与动态；瞬时与延续 静态stative 认知动作: believe,hate,know,like,understand,want 关系动词: be,belong,contain,have,own,resemble 动态dynamic 瞬时动作punctual: hit,jump,kick,stab,strike,throw 延续动作durative: 活动：eat,run,swim,walk,work,write 过程：become,change,flow,grow,harden,learn 语法体：完成体（perfect）与进行体（progressive） 进行体：I am eating. 完成体：I have eaten.
grammar英语语法
由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况 时态不变:
1. 不变的真理 The teacher said to the students, “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0℃.” → The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0℃.
Unit 1 Grammar
Direct & Indirect Speech
statements and questions
当我们想引述别人说的话时有 两种表达方式：直接引述别人
的原话，叫直接引语；用自己
的话转述别人的话，叫间接引
语。下面我们就直接引语和间
接引语进行详细的讲解。
T: What did you eat this morning? direct speech S1: I ate … T: What did S1 say, S2? indirect S2: S1 said he/she had eaten … speech She said, “China has been using PSAs (公益广告) to educate people.” direct speech She said China had been using PSAs to educate people. indirect
2. We said to her, “They’re walking through the street now.” We told her that ___ through the street ___. A. we were walking…then B. you are walking…now C .they were walking…then D. they walking…now
English Grammar 英语语法
English Grammar英语基本句型祥解倒装句结构及其应用反意疑问句总结定语从句及其练习形容词/副词英语动词学习导航名词性从句状语从句非谓语动词概述虚拟语气英语基本句型更多语法详细讲解有待以后慢慢推出，也可发电子邮件给我与您交流。
欢迎给我留言，欢迎共同合作！英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。
这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。
换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。
这五个基本句式如下：S十V主谓结构S十V十F主系表结构S十V十O主谓宾结构S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构说明：S＝主语；V＝谓语；P＝表语；O＝宾语；O1＝间接宾语；O2＝直接宾语；C＝宾语补足语五个基本句式详细解释如下：1．S十V句式在此句式中，V是不及物动词，又叫自动词(vi．)。
例如：He runs quickly．他跑得快。
They listened carefully．他们听得很仔细。
He suffered from cold and hunger．他挨冻受饿。
China belongs to the third world country．中国属于第三世界国家。
The gas has given out．煤气用完了。
My ink has run out．我的钢笔水用完了。
2．S十V十P句式在此句式中，V是系动词(link v．)，常见的系动词有：look，seem，appear，sound，feel，taste，smell，grow，get，fall ill/asleep，stand/sit still，become，turn等。
例如：He is older than he looks．他比看上去要老。
He seen interested in the book．他似乎对这本书感兴趣。
The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来有趣。
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◦ A novel is being written by Mr. Green. ◦ New functions are being added to the phones. ◦ A report is being given.
现在进行时表示将来的动作（短暂性动词）
◦ The game is ending. ◦ September is coming.
表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。 结构：主语+has/have+been+动词现在分词 例句：
◦ I have been learning English since three years ago. ◦ They have been living in this city for ten years. ◦ They have been building a bridge. ◦ Haven’t your finished your homework? What have you been doing?
请造句
6
一般现在时
用法：
✓ 表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态 ✓ 表示客观事实或普遍真理
结构：
✓ 肯定式： ◦ The desk is cleaned by Mary. ◦ The earth moves around the sun. ◦ You have six classes every day. ✓ 疑问式： ◦ Is the desk cleaned by Mary? ◦ Does the earth move around the sun? ◦ Do you have six classes every day? ✓ 否定式： ◦ The desk isn’t cleaned by Mary. ◦ The earth does not move around the sun. ◦ You don’t have six classes every day. ✓ 否定疑问式： ◦ Isn’t the desk by Mary? ◦ Doesn’t the earth move around the sun? ◦ Don’t you have six classes every day?
– 并列复合句 – 主从复合句
3
名、代、动、形、副、介、冠
形容词 名词性
主格 宾格 性物主 物主代 反身代词
名词：表示物品名称，分可数、
代词
词
不可数；单数、复数
第一人
代词：指代性词汇，分为多类。 称单数
I
me
my
mine
myself
动词：表示动作，分及物动词、
第一人 称复数
we
us
our
ours ourselves
被动态
◦ The window has been broken (by the boys). ◦ My pen has been lost. ◦ His work has been finished. ◦ Our rooms have not been cleaned.
9
时态-现在时
现在完成进行时
主语 谓语 直接宾语 间接宾语
I asked her to clean the desk.
主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语
Our teacher nominated Tom as the monitor.
主语
谓语
宾语 宾语补足语
请造句并说明句子成分：
5
主动语态
句子结构：施动者+动词+受动者 例句：She opens the door.
与词的关系的词。
第三人 称单数
she
her
her
hers
herself
冠词：放在名词前面，不定冠词： a/an；定冠词：the；零冠词：
it
it
its
its
itself
没有冠词
第三人 称复数
they
them
their
theirs themselves
4
主语（同位语）+谓语+定语+宾语（同位语） /表语+宾语补足语+状 语
请将上述句子改写成否定句、疑问句，和否定疑问句，并造句。
8
时态-现在时
现在完成时
指在谈到这件事的时候，已经完成的动作 要点
◦ 完成时和时间段或不确定的时间状语连用，不能和准确时间连用。 ◦ 结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词
主动态
◦ He has been away from the city. ◦ Someone has broken the window. ◦ He has taught in our school for 30 years. ◦ I have been busy since last week.
大家好
1
Thelma Ying
2
词性 句子成分 语态 时态
◦ 现在时
一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时
– 过去时
• 一般过去时 • 过去进行时 • 过去完成时 • 过去完成进行时
– 将来时
• 一般将来时 • 将来进行时 • 将来完成时 • 将来完成进行时
• 复合句
不及物动词。（及物动词后直接
接宾语，不及物动词后不直接接
第二人 称单数
you
you
your yours yourself
宾语。） 形容词：修饰名词。
第二人 称复数
you
you
your yours yourselves
副词：修饰动词。
he
him
his
his
himself
介词：放在词与词之间，表示词
The boy did his homework. I will buy the book.
被动语态
句子结构：受动者+be动词+动词过去分词（+by+施动者） 例句：The door is opened (by her).（比较：The door is open.）
The desk was cleaned (by Bill). The skirt will be washed.
请造句
7
时态-现在时
现在进行时
指在谈到这件事的时候，这个动作还在进行中 主动态
◦ Mr. Green is writing a novel. ◦ They are waiting for you. ◦ We are flying to Paris tomorrow. ◦ I’m not working.
Lily, the girl, speaks the sweet language, English, loudly.
主语 主语同位语 谓语
定语 宾语
宾语同位语 状语
The boy is clever.
主语 谓语 表语
You seem tired. (表语通常放在系动词后面)
主语 谓语 表语
Papa gives me a book.