基本英语语法英语grammar精讲内容

不及物动词。（及物动词后直接
接宾语，不及物动词后不直接接
第二人 称单数
you
you
your yours yourself
宾语。） 形容词：修饰名词。
第二人 称复数
you
you
your yours yourselves
副词：修饰动词。
he
him
his
his
himself
介词：放在词与词之间，表示词
请造句
6
一般现在时
用法：
✓ 表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态 ✓ 表示客观事实或普遍真理
结构：
✓ 肯定式： ◦ The desk is cleaned by Mary. ◦ The earth moves around the sun. ◦ You have six classes every day. ✓ 疑问式： ◦ Is the desk cleaned by Mary? ◦ Does the earth move around the sun? ◦ Do you have six classes every day? ✓ 否定式： ◦ The desk isn’t cleaned by Mary. ◦ The earth does not move around the sun. ◦ You don’t have six classes every day. ✓ 否定疑问式： ◦ Isn’t the desk by Mary? ◦ Doesn’t the earth move around the sun? ◦ Don’t you have six classes every day?
请将上述句子改写成否定句、疑问句，和否定疑问句，并造句。
8
时态-现在时
现在完成时
指在谈到这件事的时候，已经完成的动作 要点
◦ 完成时和时间段或不确定的时间状语连用，不能和准确时间连用。 ◦ 结构：主语+have/has+动词过去分词
主动态
◦ He has been away from the city. ◦ Someone has broken the window. ◦ He has taught in our school for 30 years. ◦ I have been busy since last week.
– 并列复合句 – 主从复合句
3
名、代、动、形、副、介、冠
形容词 名词性
主格 宾格 性物主 物主代 反身代词
名词：表示物品名称，分可数、
代词
词
不可数；单数、复数
第一人
代词：指代性词汇，分为多类。 称单数
I
me
my
mine
myself
动词：表示动作，分及物动词、
第一人 称复数
we
us
our
ours ourselves
请造句
7
时态-现在时
现在进行时
指在谈到这件事的时候，这个动作还在进行中 主动态
◦ Mr. Green is writing a novel. ◦ They are waiting for you. ◦ We are flying to Paris tomorrow. ◦ I’m not working.
表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。 结构：主语+has/have+been+动词现在分词 例句：
◦ I have been learning English since three years ago. ◦ They have been living in this city for ten years. ◦ They have been building a bridge. ◦ Haven’t your finished your homework? What have you been doing?
与词的关系的词。
第三人 称单数
she
her
her
hers
herself
冠词：放在名词前面，不定冠词： a/an；定冠词：the；零冠词：
it
it
its
its
itself
没有冠词
第三人 称复数
they
them
their
theirs themselves
4
主语（同位语）+谓语+定语+宾语（同位语） /表语+宾语补足语+状 语
被动态
◦ The window has been broken (by the boys). ◦ My pen has been lost. ◦ His work has been finished. ◦ Our rooms have not been cleaned.
9
时态-现在时
现在完成进行时
大家好
1
Thelma Ying
2
词性 句子成分 语态 时态
◦ 现在时
一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 现在完成进行时
– 过去时
• 一般过去时 • 过去进行时 • 过去完成时 • 过去完成进行时
– 将来时
• 一般将来时 • 将来进行时 • 将来完成时 • 将来完成进行时
• 复合句
被Байду номын сангаас态
◦ A novel is being written by Mr. Green. ◦ New functions are being added to the phones. ◦ A report is being given.
现在进行时表示将来的动作（短暂性动词）
◦ The game is ending. ◦ September is coming.
主语 谓语 直接宾语 间接宾语
I asked her to clean the desk.
主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语
Our teacher nominated Tom as the monitor.
主语
谓语
宾语 宾语补足语
请造句并说明句子成分：
5
主动语态
句子结构：施动者+动词+受动者 例句：She opens the door.
Lily, the girl, speaks the sweet language, English, loudly.
主语 主语同位语 谓语
定语 宾语
宾语同位语 状语
The boy is clever.
主语 谓语 表语
You seem tired. (表语通常放在系动词后面)
主语 谓语 表语
Papa gives me a book.
The boy did his homework. I will buy the book.
被动语态
句子结构：受动者+be动词+动词过去分词（+by+施动者） 例句：The door is opened (by her).（比较：The door is open.）
The desk was cleaned (by Bill). The skirt will be washed.