现在分词的用法
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现在分词的用法
现在分词(Present Participle )(又称-ing形式、现在进行式),是分词的一种,分词又
分为现在分词和过去分词,它们都是非限定动词,即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语,但能充当其它的一些成分(定语,表语,补语和状语),并且它们具有动词的性质,所以又是类动词的一种。
☆现在分词的两个基本特点:
1. 。例如: a developing country. 一个发展中的国家,boiling water 沸水,
risi ng sun 冉冉升起的太阳。(试比较: a developed country —个发达国家,boiled water 白开水,rise n sun 升起的太阳)
2. 在语态上表示主动。例如:the ruling class 统治阶级, the exploiting class 剥
削阶级。(试比较: the ruled class 被统治阶级,the exploited class 被剥削阶级)
':构成形式
doing 现在分词表示主动的,或进行的动作
•:时态与语态
三:否定式:
所有否定式都是在—ing前面加not
1)现在分词的时态:现在分词本身不能表示具体的时间概念,其动作发生的时间只能是相对于谓语动作发生时间相对而言的。这一点和不定式用法相同。
A)现在分词的一般式:doing
表示分词的动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。或是谓语动作发生时,分词的动作正在发
生过程中。
女口: Looking back, I found she was washing clothes.
She smelt something burning.(smelt 发生在 burning 的过程中。)
她闻到有东西烧焦了。
She sat on the chair, readi ng a no vel.
B)现在分词的完成式:havi ng do ne
表示现在分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前。
Having worked for 2 hours, we had a rest.
Not havi ng received his letter, we all felt worried.
2)现在分词的语态:
现在分词用主动还是被动,决定于它的逻辑主语。如果现在分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的执行者,用主动。反之,用被动。
女口: Entering the room, I found Tom watching TV.
I knew the man sitting under the tree.(the man 是 sitting 的逻辑主语,而且是分词动作的执行者,故分词用主动。)
I found the car being washed.
3)现在分词的逻辑主语:
A)如果分词在句子作定语,其逻辑主语就是被修饰的名词。
女口: a developing country. —个发展中的国家,boiling water 沸水, rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳
a running boy=a boy who is running
B)如果分词在句子作表语,其逻辑主语通常就是句中的主语。
如: The story was interesting.
The match is excit ing.
C)如果分词在句子作宾语补语,其逻辑主语就是句中的宾语。
女口: He kept the boy singing.
I found his play ing on the playgro und.
D)如果分词在句中作状语,其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。
如: Walking on the road, he was whistling.
他一边走路,一边吹着口哨。
Not knowing what to do.
His uncle died,leav ing him a lot of mon ey.
注意:分词作状语时,有时其逻辑主语不是句子的主语。此时,分词需要自带逻辑主语。其
形式为“名词/代词+现在分词”,构成独立分词结构。也可在名词前加上介词with或without 。
女口:(With)his wife cooking in the kitchen, he was reading in the living room.
4)现在分词的句法功能:
1.作主语:通常被看作是单数不可数名词,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。Driving fast is very dangerous.
Swimmi ng is my favourite sport.
Painting is an art.
Heari ng the bad n ews made him cry.
注意:现在分词作主语时,和动词不定式一样,当它是较长的短语时,常常用it作形式主语,而把现在分词放到句末。
女口: It's nice spending the holiday at the beach.
It's tiring working late.
现在分词作主语时的常用句型:
It +be+
little/hardly any use
+ V-ing 分词
no point in (毫无意义) +V- ing 分词
Nothi ng worse tha n ( 没有比...更糟糕的)
这么做,毫无意义。
广 a waste of time
no good/no use
no t/hardly worth worth/worthwhile
女口: It's no use complaining.
It's no good smok ing a lot.
It's a waste of time doing such a thing.
no use in
女口: There was no knowing what he was doing.
There is no poin t (i n ) doing so.
Odd 古怪的 Crazy 疯狂的 Hopeless 无望的 Nice
Funny 好笑的
Foolish 愚蠢的
in teresti ng
Tiring 累人的
no
There +be+
no sense in (没有道理)