全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试

全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试Corporation standardization office #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试理工类A级65篇阅读课文之1Bees and colourOn our table in the garden we put a blue card, and all around this blue card we put a number of different grey cards. These grey cards are of all possible shades of grey and include white and black. On each card a watch-glass is placed. The watch-glass on the blue card has some syrup in it; all the others are empty. After a short time bees find the syrup, and they come for it again and again. Then,after some hours, we take away the watch-glass of syrup which was on the blue card and put an empty one in its place.Now what do the bees do They still go straight to the blue card, although there is no syrup there. They do not go to any of the grey cards , in spite of the fact that one of the grey cards is of exactly the same brightness as the blue card. Thus the bees do not mistake any shade of grey for blue. In this way we have proved that they do really see blue as a colour.We can find out in just the same way what other clours bees can see. It turns out that bees can see various colours, but these insects differ from us as regards their colour-sense in two very interesting ways. Suppose we train bees to come to a red card, and, having done so, we put the red card on the table in the garden among the set of different grey cards, this time we find that the bees mistake red for dark grey or black. They cannot distinguish between them. This means that red is not a colour at all for bees; for them it is just dark grey or black.That is one strange fact; here is another. A rainbow is red on one edge, violet on the other. Outside the violet of the rainbow there is another colour which we cannot see at all. This colour beyond the violet. invisible to us, is called the ultra-violet. Although it is invisible, we know that the ultra-violet is there because it affects a photographic plate. Now, although we are unable to see ultra-violet light, bees can do so ; for them ultra-violet is a colour. Thus bees see a colour which we cannot even imagine. This has been found out by training bees to come for syrup to various parts of a spectrum , or artificial rainbow, thrown by a prism on a table in a dark room. In such an experiment the insects can to taught to fly to the ultra-violet, which for us is just darkness.1. What does the experiment with the bees in the first and second paragraphs tell usA. Bees regard blue as a colour.B. Bees like the blue colour.C. Blue attracts more bees than any other colour.D. Blue is the only colour to attract bees.2. What does the experiment tell us in the third paragraphA. Bees are attracted only by the red colour.B. Red is too bright a colour for bees.C. Bees do not regard red as a colour.D. Bees like red as well as blue.3. Why did the experimenters create an artificial rainbow for their experimentA. To identify how good bees’ eyesight was.B. To test whether bees could see ultra-violet light as a colour.C. To see whether bees can recognise the 7 visible colours at once.D. To check whether bees prefer some colours in a spectrum.4. What does the fourth paragraph tell us concerning bees and coloursA. Bees can recognise certain invisible colours.B. Bees can recognise ultra-violet that is invisible to humans.C. Bees may be harmed by ultra-violet light.D. Bee’s work may affect a photograph ic plate.can we conclude from the passageA. Bees can see more colours than humans.B. The ability to recognise colours varies from bee to bee.C. Bees are more sensitive to colours than humans.D. Bees recongnise colours, but somewhat differently from humans. acbbd全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试理工A65-2：Dining customEvery land has its own dining custom, and the United States is no exception. American feel that the first rule of being a polite guest is to be on time. If a person is invited to dinner at 6:30, the hostess expects him to be there at 6:30 or not more than a few minutes after. Because she usually does her own cooking, she timesthe meal so that the coffee and meat will be at their best at thetime she asks the guest to come if he is late, the food will not beso good, and the hostess will be disappointed. When the guest cannot come on time, he calls his host or hostess on the telephone, givesthe reason, and tells at what time he thinks the can come.As guests continue to arrive, the men in the group stand when a woman enters and remain standing until she has found a chair. A man always rises when he is being introduced to a woman. a woman does not rise when she is being introduced either to a men or a woman unless the woman is much older.When the guests sit down at a dinner table, it is customary for the men to help the ladies by pushing their chairs under them.Even an American may be confused by the number of knives, forks, and spoons beside his plate when he sits down to a formal dinner. Therule is simple however: Use them in the order in which they lie, beginning from the outside. Or watch the hostess and do what she does. The small fork on the outside on the left is for salad, which isoften served with the soup. The spoon on the outside at the right is for soup. And so on. sometimes there is a separate little knife,called a butter spreader, on a small bread-and –butter plate at the left . As the bread is passed, each guest puts his piece on thebread-and –butter plate.1. the passage is mainly aboutA. How to accept other people’s invitation to dinner.B. How to behave properly before and at dinner.C. How to be polite to ladies at dinner.D. How to use the right kind of knives and forks.2. In order to be a polite guest, the first thing one has to do isA. To arrive 30 minutes earlier.B. To phone the hostess before arrivalC. Not to bring too many presents.D. Not to be late for dinner.3. When both a man and a woman are introduced to another woman about their age, who normally has to riseA. Both the man and the womanB. Only the manC. Only the womanD. Neither of them4. According to the passage, which of the following may need knives, forks and spoons the mostA. a dinner partyB. a picnicC. breakfastD. afternoon tea5. Which of the following statements is incorrectA. In case of being late, the guest must phone the hostess.B. Follow the hostess in using different sets of knives and forks.C. As soon as a woman guest enters, men can sit down.D. Men should help women to sit down at the dinner table.bdbac全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试理工类A级65篇阅读课文之3The seaWhat do you know about the sea We know that it looks very pretty when the sun is shining on it. We also know that it can be very rough when there is a strong wind. What other things do we know about itThe first thing to remember is that the sea is very big. When youlook at the map of the world you will find there is more water than land the sea covers three quarters of the world.The sea is also very deep in some places. It is not deep everywhere. Some parts of the sea are very shallow. But in some places the depthof the sea is very great. There is one spot, near Japan, where thesea is nearly 11 kilometers deep! The highest mountain in the worldis about 9 kilometers high. If that mountain were put into the sea at that place, there would be 2 kilometers of water above it! What adeep place!If you have swum in the sea, you know that it is salty. You can taste the salt. Rivers, which flow into the sea, carry salt from the land into the sea. Some parts of the sea are more salty than other parts. There is one sea, called the Dead Sea, which is very salty. It is so salty that swimmers cannot sink! Fish cannot live in the Dead Sea!In most parts of the sea, there are plenty of fishes and plants, some live near the top of the sea. Others live deep down. There are also millions of tiny living things that float in the sea. These floating things are so small that it is hard to see them. Many fish live by eating these.The sea can be very cold. Divers, who go deep down in the sea, know this. On the top the water may be warm. When the diver goes downwards, the sea becomes colder and colder.Another thing happens. When the diver goes deeper, the water above presses down on him. It squeezes him. Then the diver has to wear clothes made of metal. But he cannot go very deep. Some people who wanted to go very deep used a very strong diving ship! They went down to the deepest part of the sea in it. They went down to a depth of eleven kilometers!1. When does the sea look beautifulA. When it is calm.B. When the weather is fine.C. When there is a strong wind.D. When there is a storm.2. How much of the earth’s surface does land coverA. 15%B. 25%C. 35%D. 45%3. Why does the author cite the sea somewhere near JapanA. To show that the sea in some places is very deep.B. To show that the sea in some places is very shallow.C. To show that its depth is 9 kilometers greater than the height of the highest mountain.D. To show that its depth is 11 kilometers greater than the height of the highest mountain.4. Which of the following statements about the Dead Sea is not trueA. There are plenty of fishes in it.B. It is a safe place for swimmers.C. It is extremely salty.D. No fish can be found in it.5. Why can’t people go very deep in the seaA. Because the deepest part of the sea is very cold.B. Because the deepest part of the sea is very rough.C. Because the pressure of water at great depths is unendurable.D. Because the deepest part of the sea is very satly.bbaac全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试理工类A级65篇阅读课文之4Rockets in the skyIf someone asked you, “what color is the sky” I expect that you would answer, “blue.” I am afraid that you would be wrong. The sky has no color. When we see blue, we are looking at blue sunlight. The sunlight is shining on little bits of dust in the air.We know that there is air all around the world. We could not breathe without air. Airplanes could not fly without air. They need air tolift their wings. Airplanes cannot fly very high because as they go higher the air gets thinner. If we go far enough away from the earth, we find there is no air.What is the sky The sky is space. In this space there is nothing except the sun, the moon and all the stars.Scientists have always wanted to know more about the other worlds in the space. They have looked at them through telescopes and in thisway they have found out a great deal.The moon is about 384,000 kilometers away from the earth. An airplane cannot fly to the moon because the air reaches only 240 kilometers. Then there is no air. But there is something that can fly even when there is no air. This is rocket.I am sure that you are asking. “How does a rocket fly ” if you want to know, get a balloon and then blow it up until it is quite big. Do not tie up the neck of the balloon. Let go! The balloon will fly off through the air very quickly. The air inside the balloon tries to get out. It rushes out through the neck if the balloon and this pushesthe balloon through the air. It does not need wings like an airplane. This is how a rocket works. It is made of rubber like a balloon, of course. It is made of metal. The metal must not be heavy but it must be very strong. There is gas inside the rocket which is made very hot. When it rushes out of the end of the rocket, the rocket is pushed up into the air.Pockets can fly far out into space. Pockets with men inside them have already reached the moon. Several rockets, without man inside them, have been sent to other worlds much farther away. One day rockets may be able to go anywhere in the space.1. What color is the skyA. It is the blue.B. It is white.C. It is grey.D. It has no color.2. When an airplane flies too high,A. The air will be too thin to support its wings.B. The air will become thicker.C. The air will exert pressure on it .D. The air will disappear in no time.3. Which of the following heavenly bodies is not in the skyA. The sun.B. The moon.C. The earth.D. The Morning star(Venus).4. A rocket can fly to the moon becauseA. It looks like a balloon.B. It is much lighter than an airplane.C. It doesn’t have wings.D. It works like an untied balloon.5. A rocket is pushed up into the air whenA. Hot gas rushes out of its head.B. It is powered by gas.C. Hot gas rushes out of its bottom.D. Hot gas rushes out of its neck.dacdc国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试理工类A级65篇阅读课文之5TransportationFor many years in the desert, camels used to be the only form of transportation. Before the age of modern trains, camel trains used to carry all the goods for trading between Central Africa and Europe. Traders sometimes used to put together camel trains with 10,000 to 15,000 animals. Each animal often used to carry as much as 400 pounds and it could travel twenty miles a day. This form of transportation used to be so important that camels were called the “Ships of the desert.”Now modern trains travel across the desert in a very short time. One engine can pull as much weight as 135,000 camels. In addition, trains use special cars for their load. Refrigerator cars carry food; boxcars carry heavy goods; stock cars carry animals; and tank cars carry oil.Air travel is also a modern means of transportation, but it has changed since the early twentieth century. The earliest planes were biplanes, with two sets of wings. The top speed of this plane was 60 miles per hour. The pilots used to sit or lie on the wings in the open air. The plane engines sometimes used to stop in the middle of a trip. It used to be impossible to fly in bad weather. In snow or inrain, the wings frequently used to become icy. Then the plane might go down.Mechanical improvements during the first world war changed airplanes. Monoplanes took the place of biplanes. Pilots flew inside of covered cabins. Still, even these planes were small. Only rich people used to be able to travel in airplanes.Now modern jets make air travel possible for all people. No place in the world is more than 24 hours away by jet. Further improvements have lowered the cost of flying, and they have made air travel much safer than it used to be. People never used to eat, sleep, or watch movies on airplanes. Now these things are a usual part of air travel.1. According to the passage, why were camels called the “ships of the desert”A. They were famous for their strength and patience.B. They were the only means of transportation in the desert.C. They were animals most suitable for transportation in the desert.D. They could store plenty of water in their stomach while traveling in the desert.2. Which of the following about the advantages of a train is not mentioned in Paragraph 2A. Trains can use special cars for different purposes.B. A train can run much faster than a camel.C. A train can carry much more goods than a camel.D. A train can carry goods at much lower costs.3. Biplanes were dangerous in bad weather becauseA. Few pilots could fly them skillfully.B. They did not have strong wings.C. Their engines were not good enough.D. The wings, if covered with ice, would make the flight unsafe.4. According to the passage, the biplane was replaced by the monoplane due toA. its bad wings.B. its small size.C. the need in war time.D. the progress in science.5. Which of the following would best replace the original title of the passage “Transportation”A. From camel to modern jets.B. Jets—A modern means of transportation.C. Camels—an out dated means of transportation.D. The role of science in transportation.bddda全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试理工类A级65篇阅读课文之6Ocean noise pollutionSome scientists say that animals in the ocean are increasingly threatened by noise pollution caused by human beings.The noise that affects sea creatures comes from a number of human activities. It is caused mainly by industrial underwater explosions, ocean drilling, and ship engines. Such noises are added to natural sounds. These sounds include the breaking of ice fields, underwater earthquakes, and sounds made by animals themselves.Decibels measured in water are different from those measured on land.A noise of one hundred-twenty decibels on land causes pain to human ears. In water, a decibel level of one-hundred ninety-five would have the same effect.Some scientists have proposed setting a noise limit of one-hundred-twenty decibels in oceans. They have observed that noises at that level can frighten and confuse whales.A team of American and Canadian scientists discovered that louder noises can seriously injure some animals, the research team foundthat powerful underwater explosions were causing whales in the area to lose their hearing. This seriously affected the whales’ ability to exchange information and find their way. Some of the whales even died, the explosions had caused their ears to bleed and become infected.Many researchers whose work depends on ocean sounds object to a limit of one-hundred-twenty decibels. They say such a limit would mean an end to important industrial and scientific research.Scientists do not know how much and what kinds of noises are harmful to ocean animals. However, many scientists suspect that noise is a greater danger than they believed, they want to prevent noises from harming creatures in the ocean.1. According go the passage, which of the following is increasingly dangerous to sea creaturesA. Man-made noise pollution.B. The noises made by themselves.C. The sound of earthquakes.D. The sound of the ice-breaking.2. Which of the following is discussed in the third paragraphA. Different places may have different types of noises.B. Decibels are not a suitable unit for measuring underwater noise.C. The same noise level produces a different effect on land and inthe ocean.D. Ocean animals’ reaction to noises.3. As to the influence of noises on whales, which of the following is trueA. They are deaf to noises.B. Noises at certain level may hurt them.C. They are easily confused by noises.D. Noises will lower their ability to reproduce.4. we can know from the passage that many scientists think that the noise limit of one-hundred twenty decibels wouldA. Prevent them from doing their research work.B. Benefit them a lot in their research work.C. Be good for their health.D. Increase the industrial output.5. According to the passage, what will scientists most probably do in the futureA. They will try to set a limit of 120 decibels.B. They will work hard to decrease the level of ocean noise pollution.C. They will study the effect of different noise.D. They will protect animals from harmful noises.acbad全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试理工类A级65篇阅读课文之7The beginning of the air mailAt Blackpool Holt Thomas and Graham-White agreed to make a practical experiment in carrying mails by aeroplane. The idea, as it was first worked out, was for the aeroplane to fly from Blackpool airportacross to Southport, and for the mails to be taken over by the post office there. But the programme had to be changed owing to a seriesof high winds. What happened in the end was that Graham-White took a mail-bag in his plane, and made a flight with it across country for a distance of about seven miles. Returning to the airport. This experiment gave Graham-White the honour of being the first airman in England to carry a bag of mail across country in an aeroplane.Letters and postcards which were carried in this test, and which hada special stamp recording the fact, soon became much sought after by collectors.The second and more important experiment in British air mailtransport took place in September 1911, and was the first of its kind in this country to obtain the official permission of the postmaster-general. It was indeed one of the historical events in our airmail development. In this case as many as 130,000 letters and postcards were carried by aeroplane between London and Windsor. One of the airmen engaged in this pioneer service was the famous Gustav Hamel, flying a monoplane, I remember going out one afternoon go see himstart off with one of the bags of mail. It was an extremely bad dayfor flying, and just before the time due for the start, the wind was blowing at nearly 50 miles an hour. None of the other pilots would have thought of going up, but Hamel-one of the finest of all pilotsof the British monoplane-was not to be stopped. He jumped onto his machine and fairly shot off the ground. The monoplane, so long as it was near the earth, was thrown about like a small boat on an angry sea. But Hamel gave a splendid exhibition of airmanship; as soon ashe reached a great height, conditions became much steadier, and he finished his journey without accident.This was an early demonstration that an airplane was more than a fine weather machine, and that it could fight its way successfully through violent winds. This fact impressed the postal authorities a good deal, and helped those who believed that the airplane had a great commercial future.1. Who was the first airman to carry the airmail in EnglandA. Holt Hamel.B. Thomas Moore.C. Graham-White.D. Not given in the passage.2. which of the following about the first airman to carry the airmail is trueA. He flight was cancelled altogether.B. He flew only for a short distance.C. The plane was loaded with many mailbags.D. Several mailbags of letters and postcards were missing.3. What happened to the first flight with airmails between London and Windsor approved officially in 1911A. It was delayed for several hours owing to violent winds.B. The Postmaster general flew the plane himself.C. The writer of this article was also in the plane.D. It succeeded and was remembered as a historical event.4. How does the writer describe the pilot of the flight in 1911A. He was one of the best pilots.B. He lacked experience in flight.C. He risked his life in the violent winds.D. He was less well known than other pilots.old is the writer if he or she is still aliveA. No idea. No clue is given in the passage.B. He or she must be about 60.C. He or she must be about 80.D. He or she must be about 100.cbdad全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试理工类A级65篇阅读课文之8New foods and the New WorldIn the last 500 years, nothing about people—not their clothes, ideas, or languages—has changed as much as what they eat. The original chocolate drink was made from the seeds of the cocoa tree by South American Indians. The Spanish introduced it to the rest of the world during the 1500’s . and al though it was very expensive, it quickly became fashionable. In London shops where chocolate drinks wereserved became important meeting places. Some still exist today.The potato is also from the New World. Around 1600, the Spanish brought it from Peru to Europe, where it soon was widely grown.Ireland became so dependent on it that thousands of Irish people starved when the crop failed during the “Potato Famine” of 1845-6, and thousands more were forced to emigrate to America.There are many other foods that have traveled from South America to the Old World. But some others went in the opposite direction. Brazil is now the world’s largest grower of coffee, and coffee is an important crop in Colombia and other South American countries. But it is native to Ethiopia. It was first made into a drink by Arabs during the 1400’s.According to an Arabic legend, coffee was discovered when a goatherd named Kaldi noticed that his goats were attracted to the red berries on a coffee bush. He tried one and experienced the “wide-awake” feeling that one-third of the world’s population now starts the day with.1. According to the passage, which of the following has changed the most in the last 500 yearsA. Food.B. Chocolate.C. Potato.D. Coffee.2. “Some” in “Some still exist today” meansA. Some cocoa trees.B. Some chocolate drinksC. Some shops.D. Some South American Idians.3. Thousands of Irish people starved becauseA. They were dependent on it.B. They were forced to emigrate to America.C. The weather conditions in Ireland were not suitable for growing the potato.D. The potato harvest was bad.4. Coffee originally came fromA. Brazil.B. Colombia.C. Ethiopia.D. Arabia.5. The Arabic legend is used to prove thatA. Coffee was first discovered by Kaldi.B. Coffee was first discovered by kaldi’s goats.C. Coffee was first discovered in South American countries.D. Coffee drinks were first made by Arabs.acdcd全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试理工类A级65篇阅读课文之9GlassFor thousands of years, people thought of glass as something beautiful to look at. Only recently have they come to think of it as something to look through. Stores display their goods in large glass windows. Glass bottles and jars that hold food and drink allow us to see the contents.Glass is used to make spectacles, microscopes, telescopes, and many other extremely useful land necessary objects.Until the Second World War, most of the glass used for optical instruments was imported from Europe. However, during the war Americans could not get European glass. And they were forced to make their own. As a result, new kinds of glass were developed that had been previously unknown. These new effects were achieved by mixing other chemical elements with the sand. Some of these new glasses are very strong and can resist many kinds of shocks.Legend has it that a very hard glass was invented by a Roman who showed his discovery to the Emperor. When the Emperor saw the glass he feared that it would become more valuable than gold and silver, making his treasure worthless. Therefore, he had the glassmakerkilled , and the secret was not discovered again for hundreds of years.In the present century, safety glass was invented for use in modern cars and planes., safety glass is made by placing a layer of plastic between two layers of plate glass. When the outside layer of glass is broken, the pieces do not scatter and injure people. Some glass of this type is strong enough to resist bullets.Although in recent years plastics have replaced glass under conditions where glass might be easily broken, there are new uses being developed for glass that were never imagined in the past. Perhaps the greatest advantage of glass is that its constitent parts are inexpensive and can be found al over the world.1. According to the article, with the passage of time, glassA. is regarded as something for decoration.B. Is no longer seen as something only to be looked at.C. Is used to make things look pleasant.D. Is widely used to replace steel in making containers.2. Why did Americans make their own glass after the Second World WarA. They could not obtain it from Europe.B. They refused to use the European glass.C. The glass made in Europe was out of date.D. Their advanced techniques encouraged them to do so.3. What was the Roman emperor’s attitude to the discovery of the hard glassA. He accepted it with delight.B. He thought of it as pricelessC. He regarded it as worthlessD. He disliked the discovery.4. All of the following concerning the a\safety glass are discussed in the text EXCEPT。