(完整版)初中英语语法归纳：被动语态

初中英语语法归纳复习：被动语态

重难点：掌握八种常见时态的被动语态，并能根据不同情景，灵活运用被动语态。【知识总结归纳】

一. 概念：表示动作与主语之间是被动关系的句子是被动语态。

二. 主动语态与被动语态之间如何转换

We Visited that factory last summer →主动语态

主语谓语宾语状语

That factory was visited by us last summer →被动语态

主语谓语宾语状语

三. 各种不同时态的主动语态与被动语态的对比

四. 如何正确使用被动语态

1. 有些动词带有两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，变被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。需要注意的是：若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语，需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“to ”。

eg. He often tells us interesting stories . （主动语态）

⎭

⎬⎫.him by us to told often are stories g Interestin .him by stories g interestin told often are We （被动语态） ▲常带双宾语的词有：tell , show , lend , pass 等。

2. 在主动语态中，某些动词之后带有复合宾语，即宾语和宾语补足语，这个复合宾语由动词不定式来充当，to 被省略，但在被动语态中，这个to 还要还原。

eg. I often hear her sing this popular song . （主动语态）

443

4421复合宾语

宾语补足语宾语

She is often heard to sing this popular song .（被动语态）

▲ 有这种用法的常用动词有：make , let , see , hear , watch , feel , notice 等。

3. 有些“be +过去分词”的结构并不是被动语态，它们有可能是“系表结构（即系动词之后由过去分词来充当表语）。”

比较：（1）⎩⎨⎧)()(.Fengping by closed is door The .closed is door The 被动语态。这个门是由冯平来关的

系表结构门是关着的。 （2）⎩

⎨⎧)()(.Mary by broken was glass The .broken is glass The 被动语态。的这个玻璃杯是玛丽弄坏系表结构。这个玻璃杯是坏的 4. 只有及物动词和可有宾语的动词+介词词组才可以有被动语态。

eg. ⎩

⎨⎧)()(.China in place taken been have changes Great .China in place taken have changes Great 错误正确 ⎩⎨⎧)

()(.sea deep the in d disappeare was dolphin The .sea deep the in d disappeare dolphin The 错误正确 【总结】

一、被动语态的构成形式

1. 被动语态的基本时态变化

被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式, 被动语态由be ＋过去分词构成，be 随时态的变化而变化。以do 为例，各种时态的被动语态形式为：

1) am/is/are +done (过去分词) 一般现在时

例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.

2） has /have been done 现在完成时

例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.

3） am/is /are being done 现在进行时

例A new cinema is being built here ．

4） was/were done 一般过去时

例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.

5） had been done 过去完成时

例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.

6） was/were being done 过去进行时

例A meeting was being held when I was there.

7） shall/will be done 一般将来时

例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.

8） should/would be done 过去将来时

例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.

9） shall/will have been done 将来完成时（少用）

例The project will have been completed before July.

2. 被动语态的特殊结构形式

1)带情态动词的被动结构。其形式为：情态动词＋be ＋过去分词。

例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.

2) 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保

留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。