疑问词-ever用法归纳

疑问代词+ ever: whatever / whichever / who(m)ever

疑问副词+ ever : wherever / whenever / however

上述单词含意：不管/ 无论+ 该疑问词的本义

一．疑问代词+ ever 可引导：

a.让步状语从句=no matter+疑问词

b.名词性从句（主要指主语从句、宾语从句;它们通常不用于引导同位语从句，同时也很少用于引导表语从句。）

在某些特定的语境中，也可用于引导表语从句。如：

What he wants to get is whatever you have. 他想得到的是你所拥有的一切。

注意：这种类型的名词性从句相当于：any...+定语从句

whatever=anything that...

who(m)ever=anyone who(m)...

whichever=the one that/ who...

a. 引导让步状语从句：

1.Whatever happened，he wouldn't say a word.

= No matter what happened，he wouldn't say a word.

I’ll stand by you whatever happens.

= I’ll stand by you , no matter what happens.

2.Whoever says so，it is wrong.

= No matter who says so，it is wrong.

Whoever wants to speak to me on the phone, tell them I’m busy.

= No matter who wants to speak to me on the phone, tell them I’m busy.

3.Whichever dictionary you （may）take，you will have to pay at least 20 dollars.

= No matter which dictionary you （may）take，you will have to pay at least 20 dollars.

Whichever you buy, there is a six-month guarantee.

= No matter which you buy, there is a six-month guarantee. 不管买哪个都有六个月的保修

注意：这类从句中应用一般现在时表将来，从句中也常用情态动词may / might .

b.引导名词性从句：

1.Whoever smokes here will be punished. （主语从句）

=Anyone who smokes here will....

2.Beggars will eat whatever they are given. （宾语从句）

=Beggars will eat anything that they...

3.Whichever he likes will be given to him. （主语从句）

=The one that he likes will be given to him.

Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize. （主语从句）

You may invite whoever / whomever you like.

（常用whoever 代替whomever ）

=You may invite anyone who(m) you like.

c. whatever引导的名词性从句

whatever的意思是“所……的一切事或东西”，可视为what的强调说法，其含义大致相当于anything that，whatever在从句中可用作主语、宾语、定语。如：

Do whatever she tells you and you’ll have peace.

她叫你干什么你就干什么，那你就太平了。

I don’t beli eve in letting children do whatever they like.

我不赞成让孩子为所欲为。

Goats eat whatever food they can find.

山羊找到什么食物就吃什么食物。

d. whoever引导的名词性从句

whoever的意思“任何……的人”，在意义上大致相当于anybody who。whoever 在从句中可用作主语或宾语。如：

I’ll take whoever wants to go. 谁想去我就带谁去。

Whoever says that is a liar. 说那话的人是个骗子。

She can marry whoever she chooses. 她愿意嫁谁就嫁谁。

I’ll give the ticket to whoever wants it. 谁想要这票，我就把它给谁。

Tell whoever you like — it makes no difference to me.

你爱告诉谁就告诉谁吧，对我是无所谓的。

注：whoever既用作主语也可用作宾语(作宾语时不宜用whomever，因为在现代英语中whomever已几乎不用)。另外，注意以下受汉语意思影响而弄错的句子：

谁赢了都可以获奖。

误：Who wins can get a prize.

误：Anyone wins can get a prize.

正：Whoever wins can get a prize.

正：Anyone who wins can get a prize.

e. whichever引导的名词性从句

whichever的意思“……的那个人或事物”，在意义上大致相当于the person or the thing that。whichever在从句中可用作主语、宾语或定语。

作连接代词,意为\"无论哪个;无论哪些\"；

作连接形容词,意为\"无论哪个;无论哪些\"。应当注意, 此用法的whichever

必须同其被修饰的词一起放在从句前引导从句。如：

Whichever of you comes first will receive a prize. 你们谁第一谁就能得奖。Whichever of us gets home first starts cooking.

我们当中无论哪个先到家，哪个就先开始做饭。

You can pick whichever one you like. 你喜欢哪个就挑哪个。

We'll eat at whichever restaurant has a free table. 哪个饭馆有空桌我们就在哪

儿吃吧。

二．疑问副词-ever=no matter+疑问副词

1.Wherever he goes （may go）. I'll follow him.

= No matter where he goes （may go），I'll follow him. 2.Whenever I visited him，he was always busy working.

= No matter when I visited him，he was always busy working.

3.However late he is，his mother will wait for him to have dinner together.

= No matter how late he is，his mother will wait for him to have dinner together. 注意：

疑问副词-ever 也可以引导名词性从句，但however用作连接副词可引导名词性从句，也可引导方式状语从句：

Wherever they should go hasn’t been decided.

I'll give you however much money you need.

（宾语从句,however 不能改成no matter how ）。

Wear your hair however you want. 你想弄什么发型自己看着办。

=Wear your hair in any way that you want.

(方式状语从句，不可改为no matter how...结构。)

三. 引导特殊疑问句，相当于普通的特殊疑问句的强调形式（究竟，到底）：What（ever）are you doing ？你（到底）在干什么？

Which（ever）do you want to buy ？你（究竟）要买哪一个？

Who（ever）told you such a foolish story？（究竟）是谁讲给你这么蠢的事？When（ever）can I enjoy a long vacation？（究竟）什么时候才能给我放个长假呢？

Where（ever）did you leave your dictionary？你（究竟）把词典放哪儿了？How（ever）did you collect so much money？你（到底）是怎样筹到这么多钱的？

四、whichever与whatever的区别。

这两个词的意思不同,whichever意为\"无论哪个;无论哪些\";whatever意为\"无论什么;凡是......的事物\"。此外,whichever后也可以接一个名词,当然,在一定的语境中,与whichever连用的名词有时可以省略。如:

You should wear whichever dress suits you best.

什么衣服最适合你穿,你就应该穿什么。