新概念一册知识点总结讲解
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新概念第一册 知识点总结(全)
名词
名词包括可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词有单复数变化。不可数名词没有。
可数名词单数变复数规则:
1)单数名词加
s: students, apples, bags, trees, books, brothers.
2)以s 、x 、sh 、ch 结尾的名词加
es: glasses, boxes, brushes, matches.
3)以辅音字母加y 结尾的名词,变y 为i 加
es: cities, babies, enemies.
4)以f 或fe 结尾的名词,多数变f 为v 加es: wives, knives.但有些词只加
s: roofs, proof s, chiefs.
5)以o 结尾的名词,有些加es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes.其它加
s: radios, zoos, pianos, photos.
6)不规则名词:foot →feet, goose →geese, tooth →teeth, child →children, man →men, woman →women, sheep →sheep, deer →deer, mouse →mice.
代词
I. 人称代词:人称代词又分为主格和宾格形式.主格通常做主语。宾格通常做动词或介词的宾语.
Eg: a. I’m a nurse.
b. Could you help me ?
II. 物主代词又分为形容词性的物主代词和名词性的物主代词.
形容词性的物主代词:相当于形容词,后面要跟名词,指定名词的所属对象.
名词性的物主代词:相当于一个名词,必须单独使用,后面不能再跟名词. Eg: a. Your school is small, mine is big.(=my school)
b. This is not your pen. Yours is on the desk.(=your pen)
时态
一、一般现在时:
概念:经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语:
always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays…
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句:①把be动词放于句首;②用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。
My father is a doctor.
Tom isn’t at home.
Are they policemen?
I often get up at 7 o’clock every morning.
He doesn’t like apples.
Do you always read before going to bed?
What do you usually do on Sundays?
一般现在时句中,如果主语是第三人称时,动词要变第三人称单数,变化规则如下:
1)一般情况下,动词后面直接加-s.例如:
works gets says reads
2)以s,x,ch,sh或o结尾的动词,在后面加-es。例如:
goes teaches washes
3)以辅音字母+y结尾的动词,把y变为i再加-es.例如:
studies tries carries
特殊情况:动词have的第三人称单数是has。
例如:He has an interesting book.
二、一般过去时:
概念:过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, the other day, long long ago, once upon a time, ….
基本结构:①be动词;②行为动词
否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句:①was或were放于句首;②用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。
I was at my mother’s last week.
Once upon a time, there was a beautiful girl whose name was Snow White.
Lucy went to America five months ago.
I didn’t go to the cinema last night.
Did Lily dance at the party?
What did you do yesterday?
动词的过去式变化:
be动词:am/is-----was are---were
规则动词:
1. 直接在词尾加-ed。如: want—wanted, work—worked, need—needed, clean—cleaned
2. 以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加-d。如:like—liked, live—lived, use—used, move—moved
3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,先双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-ed。如:stop—stopped, trip—tripped
4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先把y变成i,再加-ed。如:study—studied, carry—carried, hurry—hurried, marry—married
不规则动词: