《英语词汇学》串讲笔记2

Chapter 4
Word Formation II
一、【考情分析】
本章主要考核的知识点为：词缀法，复合法，转类法，拼缀法，截短法，首字母缩略
法，逆生法，专有名词普通化。通过对本章的学习，考生应该了解现代英语的主要构词法，
4. Prefixes do not generally change the word-class of the stem but only modify its meaning.
5. Suffixes have only a small semantic role, their primary function being to change the
grammatical function of stems. In other words, they mainly change the word class.
6. We shall group suffixes on a grammatical basis into noun suffixes, verb suffixes, adjective
11. The most productive, however, is the conversion that takes place between nouns and verbs.
12. Unlike verbs, not all adjectives which are converted can achieve a full noun status. Some
答：Compounds differ from free phrases in the following three aspects:
1). Phonetic features. In compounds the word stress usually occurs on the first element
changed.
24. Conversion（转换法） refers to the use of words of one class as that of a different class.
25. Partial conversion and full conversion are concerned with adjectives when converted to
2. prefixation（前缀法）: Prefixation is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to
stems.
3. suffixation（后缀法）: Suffixation is the formation of words by adding suffixes to stems.
suffixes, etc.
7. Compounds can be written solid, hyphenated and open.（连写的，加连字符号的，不连写
的）
8. Most compounds consist of only two stems but are formed on a rich variety of patterns and
这些构词法在英语词汇发展中的地位，提高构词能力，自觉扩大词汇量。在历年考试中：常
常以选择题，名词解释，填空题的形式对本章知识点进行考核。
二、【知识串讲】
重点知识锦集：
1. The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on word-formation.
2. According to the positions which affixes occupy in words, affixes falls into two
subclasses:prefixation and suffixation.（前缀和后缀）
3. Affixation is also known as derivation.
words or a word plus a part of another word. Words formed in this way are called blends or
pormanteau words.
7. clipping（截短法）: Another common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by
nouns.
名词解释：
1. affixation（词缀法）: Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding
word-forming or derivational affixes to stems.
the internal grammatical relationships within the words are considerably complex.
9. Conversion is also known as functional shift.（功能转换）
10. Words produced by conversion are primarily nouns, adjectives, and verbs.
initial letters of names of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technical
terms.
9. initialisms（首字母缩略词）: Initialisms are words pronounced letter by letter.
whereas in noun phrases the second element is generally stressed if there is only one stress.
2). Semantic features. Compounds are different from free phrases in semantic unity.
have become well-established.
14. As far as the structure is concerned, blends fall into four major groups: head+tail,
head+head, head+word, word+tail.
Every compound should express a single idea just as one word.
are completely converted, thus known as full conversion,（完全转换） others are only partially
converted, hence partial conversion.（部分转换）
13. Blending（拼缀法） is a very productive process and many coinages resulting from blending
suffixation. It’s therefore the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes.
论述问答题：
1. In what aspects do compounds differ from free phrases?
cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead. This is called clipping.
8. acronymy（首字母拼音法）: Acronymy is the process of forming new words by joining the
thus extremely productive.
19. Words created through back-formation are mostly verbs.
20. Stylistically, back-formed words are largely informal and some of them have not gained
4. compounding（合成法）: Compounding, also called composition, is the formation of new
words by joining two or more stems. Words formed in this way are called compounds.
5. conversion（转换法）: Conversion is the formation of new words by converting words of one
class to another class.
6. blending（拼缀法）: Blending is the formation of new words by combining parts of two
15. The overwhelming majority of blends are nouns.
16. Blends are mostly used in writing related to science and technology, and to newspapers and
22. As a rule, the stress of compounds falls on the first element.