英语词汇笔记
大学英语词汇课堂笔记(精华版)
大学英语词汇课堂笔记（精华版）口诀记忆法口诀一：rim: 边缘brim: 边缘grim: 恐怖的trim: 修剪整齐prim: 呆板的prose: 单调、散文plight: 困境pray: 祈祷只有rim是边缘，前面加b意义不变，前面加鬼（g）真恐怖，前面加t才修剪整齐，前面加p真呆板，扑（p）到玫瑰（rose）前真单调，扑（p）灭灯光陷入困境，扑在光前来祈祷。
[扩展] 看到g想成“鬼”，看到p想成“扑”口诀二：blemish:污点blot:肮脏，污点blight:枯萎blast:爆炸blame:责备布莱迷失是污点，虽然不多但也挺脏，见不到光就枯萎，不持续就爆炸，炸瘸了腿别怪我。
[解释] “布莱”想成英国首相“布莱尔”[扩展]见到b想成“不”口诀三：lag：落后flag：旗帜lash：鞭打flash：闪电lame：瘸的flame：火焰are：是flare：熊熊燃烧，闪耀flip：轻击lip：嘴唇flight：飞行light：光落后的旗帜，鞭打着闪电，残废的火焰，是在熊熊燃烧，轻击着嘴唇，飞翔在光中。
口诀四：（by 火舞）light 光delight 高兴slight 轻微的，苗条的alight 点亮的blight 枯萎flight 飞行plight 困境depart 离开只有light才是光，light加s 是灯泡（light）前面加a是点燃，前面加b是枯萎弟弟（de）见光真快乐,（s）在光前真苗条口诀五：fledging：小鸟flake：雪花，薄片flair：本能flaunt：炫耀flock：（禽、畜等的）一群flout：蔑视flatter：溜须拍马，奉承flurry：困惑的，惶惶不安的flack：严厉批评飞在边缘是小鸟，飞入湖中是雪花，飞在空中是本能，飞来的姑姑在炫耀，锁到一起是一群，飞出去却遭到蔑视，后飞来的却在那溜须拍马，只是听起来真是很flurry，缺乏的却是严厉批评。
[解释]1. -ing结尾的指“小的”，如yearling：一岁家畜。
大学英语教材3单词笔记
大学英语教材3单词笔记第一章：单词及其释义1. abandon [v.] - to give up or leave behind; to desert; to forsake2. abstract [adj.] - not related to any specific instance; theoretical; conceptual3. abundant [adj.] - existing or available in large quantities; plentiful; ample4. accelerate [v.] - to increase in speed; to go faster; to speed up5. accessible [adj.] - easy to approach, reach, or use; obtainable6. accommodate [v.] - to provide lodging or a room for someone; to fit in with the needs or preferences of7. accompany [v.] - to go somewhere with someone as a companion or escort; to be present or occur with something8. accumulate [v.] - to gather or collect over a period of time; to amass; to gather in a gradual manner9. accurate [adj.] - correct, exact, and precise; free from error or mistakes10. achieve [v.] - to successfully accomplish or bring about a desired result; to attain第二章：常见短语1. break down - to malfunction or stop working; to lose control emotionally or mentally2. bring about - to cause or make something happen; to bring into existence3. call off - to cancel or postpone an event or arrangement4. come across - to find or meet by chance; to encounter unexpectedly5. bring up - to raise or mention a topic for discussion; to raise a child or bring to maturity6. catch on - to understand or become popular or fashionable; to grasp or get the hang of7. give in - to surrender or yield; to reluctantly accept something8. go through - to experience or undergo a difficult or challenging situation; to examine thoroughly9. make up - to invent or fabricate; to reconcile or resolve a disagreement10. put off - to postpone or reschedule; to cause someone to dislike or lose interest in something第三章：常见动词变形1. abide [v.] - abided (past tense), abode or abided (past participle)2. arise [v.] - arose (past tense), arisen (past participle)3. awake [v.] - awoke or awaked (past tense), awoken or awaked (past participle)4. be [v.] - was/were (past tense), been (past participle)5. bear [v.] - bore (past tense), borne or born (past participle)6. beat [v.] - beat (past tense), beaten or beat (past participle)7. become [v.] - became (past tense), become (past participle)8. begin [v.] - began (past tense), begun (past participle)9. bend [v.] - bent (past tense), bent (past participle)10. bet [v.] - bet or betted (past tense), bet or betted (past participle)第四章：例句和用法1. abandon: The hiker had to abandon his expedition due to bad weather conditions.2. abstract: The concept of time is too abstract for young children to understand fully.3. abundant: The farmer's market offers an abundant variety of fresh fruits and vegetables.4. accelerate: The car started to accelerate as it entered the highway.5. accessible: The park provides accessible entrances and facilities for people with disabilities.6. accommodate: The hotel was able to accommodate all of the guests for the wedding.7. accompany: The pianist was accompanied by a talented violinist during the concert.8. accumulate: She has been saving money for years, allowing her to accumulate a considerable sum.9. accurate: The scientist's measurements were accurate and reliable.10. achieve: With hard work and dedication, anyone can achieve their goals.Conclusion:以上是关于大学英语教材3中常见单词的笔记，涵盖了单词及其释义、常见短语、常见动词变形以及相关的例句和用法。
英语考研单词整理笔记
英语考研单词整理笔记翻硕复习的一大重头戏就是词汇，而词汇量是巨大的，必须要有日常的积累和复习，并且掌握科学的记忆方法，才能最有效地积累词汇量。
下面是关于英语词汇的学习笔记以供大家参考。
(1)1、bicker(vi) ～ with sb over/about sth (为小事)争吵The children are always bickering over their toys 孩子们常常为了玩具争吵★ wrangle(vi，n) ～ with sb about/over sth 与某人为某事争吵或争辩They were involved in a long legal wrangle with the company over payment。
他们与那家公司在付款问题上陷入长期的法律纠纷中。
2、contrive(vt)plan cleverly or deceitfully;invent;design 谋划或策划某事，发明，设计(vt)想尽办法做某事contrive to live on a small income 靠微薄收入精打细算过日子◎ contrived(adj)(贬)人为的，策划的，虚假的，非自发的a contrived incident intended to mislead the newspaper 企图蒙蔽报界的人为事件。
★ hatch(vi)～ out (指小鸟、小鱼)从卵里孵出The hen hatches out her young by sitting on the eggs 母鸡伏在蛋上孵小鸡。
(vt) ～ sth out/up 策划(阴谋)，拟定(计划)What mischief are those children hatching up?那些孩子在琢磨什么鬼花样?3、dazzle(vt)(通常用于被动语态)(因强光、闪烁等)使某人目眩，眼花缭乱I was dazzled by his headlights。
英语笔记五年级
01Module1一．词汇动词met （meet的过去式）碰上，遇见finish吃完，喝完，用尽wait等待，等候hurry赶紧，匆忙send发送，寄ran （run的过去式）跑dropped （drop的过去式）无意中使掉落名词ground地面ice cream冰激凌email电子邮件love爱你的其他above在……上方，在……之上those那些us （宾格）我们二.短语：1、come back回来come back from+某地从某地回来2、look at 看3、wait for sb等候某人4、hurry up赶快5、by bus乘公交车6.in London 在伦敦st Sunday 上星期天8.live in住在9. go home 回家10.Chinese friends 中国朋友11. come with us与我们一起来12. go to the park 去公园13. in London 在伦敦三．动词过去式：go---went去meet------met遇见buy---bought买see---- saw 看见come----came 来send---sent发送run----ran 跑 have---had有drop----dropped（无意中）使掉落eat---ate 吃do---did 做tell---told 告诉lose---lost丢失find---found 找到take----took拍摄，拿走fly---flew飞ride--rode骑swim--swam游泳am/is---was是are---were 是make---made制作drink---drank 喝，饮ring---rang （铃）响write---wrote 写fall---fell 摔倒sing---sang 唱歌win---won赢，获胜四．重点句子：1、--Did you come back yesterday?你们是昨天回来的吗？--No,we came back last Sunday.不，我们是上周日回来的。
《英语词汇学》笔记1-10章
Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary重点知识锦集：1. According to semanticists（意义学家）, a word is a unit of meaning.2. This symbolic connection is almost always arbitrary, and there is ‘no logical relationships between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself’.3. Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by use frequency.4. Words may fall into content words and functional words by notion.5. Words may fall into native words and borrowed words by origin.6. The basic word stock is the foundation of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries and forms the common core of the language.7. ‘all national character’（全民性）is the most important of all features that may differentiate words of common use from all others.8. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as notional words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.9. Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called empty words.9. The English language is noted for the remarkable complexity and heterogeneity of its vocabulary because of its extensive borrowings.10. According to the degree of assimilation and manner of borrowing, we can bring the loan-words under four classes: Denizens, Aliens, Translation-loans, Semantic-loans.11. The differences between sound and form are due to innovations made by linguists.12. Of all the five characteristics listed for the basic word stock, the most important is all national character.（全民性）13. Content words are changing all the time whereas functional words are stable.14. In Old English there was more agreement between sound and form.15. A word is a symbol that represents something else in the world.16. Some words in the basic words stock are said to be stable because they refer to the commonest things in life.17. In different language, the same concept can be represented by different sounds and the same sound can show different meanings.18. The internal reason for the difference between sound and form is the fact of more phonemes than letters in English.19. Native words are neutral in style and frequent in use.20. The expression of “long time no see”is translation-loan among the four classes of borrowings.名词解释：1. word(词): A word is a minimal free form of a Language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.2. vocabulary（词汇）: The term ‘vocabulary’is used in different senses. Not only can it refer to the total number of the words in a language, but it can stand for all the words used in a particular historical period. We also use it to refer to all the words of a given dialect, a given book,a given disicipline and the words possessed by an individual person.3. Jargon（专门术语）: It refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particulararts, sciences, trades, and professions, communicate among themselves.4.Archaisms（古语词）: Archaisms are words or forms that were once in common use but are now restricted only to specialized or limited use.5. Neologisms（新词语）: Neologisms are newly created words or expressions, or words that have taken on new meanings.6. borrowed words（外来词）: Words taken over from foreign languages are known as borrowed words or loan words or borrowings in simple terms.7. Deizens（同化词）: Deizens are words borrowed early in the past and now are all assimilated into the English Language.8. Aliens（非同化词）: Aliens are borrowed words which have retained their original pronunciation and spelling. These words are immediately recognisable as foreign in origin.9. Translation-loans（译借词）: Translation-loans are words and expressions formed from the existing material in the English language but modelled on the patterns taken from another language.10.Semantic-loans（借义词）: Words of this category are not borrowed with reference to the form. But their meanings are borrowed. In other words, English has borrowed a new meaning for an existing word in the language11. argot（黑话）: It generally refers to the jargon of criminals.12. content words（实词）: Content words denote clear notions including nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.13. terminology(术语): Terminology consists of technical terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas.14. native words（本族语）: Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britain in the 5th century by the German tribes.论述问答题：1. With the development of the Language, why do more and more differences occur between the Sound and Form?答：It is generally agreed that the written form of a natural Language is the written record of the oral form. But with the development of the Language, more and more differences occur between them, the reasons are as follows:①. The internal reason for this is that the English alphabet was adopted from the Romans, which does not have a separate letter to represent each sound in the Language so that some letters must do double duty or work together in combination.②. Another reason is that the pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years, and in some cases the two have drawn far apart.③. A third reason is that some of the differences were created by the early scribes.④. Finally comes the borrowing, which is an important channel of enriching the English vocabulary. When English borrowed words from other Languages , it borrowed spelling as well.2. What are the obvious characteristics of the words of the basic word stock（基本词汇）?①. All national character.（全民性）②. Stability（稳定性）③. Productivity（多产性）④. Polysemy（多义性）⑤. Collocability（搭配性）Of course, not all the words of the basic word stock have these characteristics. Pronouns and numerals enjoy nation-wide use and stability, but are semantically monosemous and have limited productivity and collocability. Therefore, ‘all national character’is the most important of all features that may differentiate words of common use from all others.3. Apart from the characteristics mentioned of the basic word stock, in contrast to borrowed words, native words have two other features, what are they?答：①. Neutral in style（文体上中性）. Since native words denote the commonest things in human society, they are used by all people, in all places, on all occasions, and at all times. Therefore, they are not stylistically specific.②. Frequent in use（使用频繁）. Native words are most frequently used in everyday speech and writing. The proportion of its use in relation to borrowings is perhaps just the opposite of its number.4. Illustrate the relationship between sound and meaning with examples.答：A word is phonetic symbol that stands for something in the world. This symbolic connection is almost always arbitrary, and there is ‘no logical relationships between the sound which stands for a things or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself’. For example, woman is represented by the sound Frau in German, femme in French, and funv in Chinese.5. Explain neologisms（新词语）with examples.答：Neologisms are newly created words or expressions, or words that have taken on new meanings. For example, “emil”(electronic mail, the sending of messages via computer systems) is a word newly coined against the background of rapid development in information technology. The word “mouse” might examplify the words taking on new meanings : now a mouse is indispensable for computer users.6. How are English words generally classified? Elaborate on it.答：V ocabulary can be classified by different criteria into different types.①By use frequency（使用频率）, words may fall into the basic word stock（基本词汇）and nonbasic vocabulary（非基本词汇）. Basic vocabulary is small in number but forms the core of the language and enjoys the high frequency of use. Nonbasic vocabulary contains such words as terminology, jargon, which have a relatively limited use；②By notion（实义）, words can be divided into content words（实义词）and functional words （功能词即虚词）, content words have clear notions such as nouns, verbs. Functional words cover prepositions, articles, conjunctions, etc, whose major functions are to help make sentences；③By origin（起源）, words can be grouped into native words（本族语词）and borrowed words （外来语词）. Native words refer to the words of Anglo-Saxon origin, which are small in number but form the main stream of basic word stock. Borrowed words are words taken over from other languages and make up 80%of the whole English vocabulary. These three criteria are the most widespread and popular. There are other ways too, for example, by morphological structure, formality, emotionality, and so on.Chapter 2 The Development of the English Vocabulary重点知识锦集：1. Indo-European Language is made up of most of the Languages of Europe, the Near East, and India.2. The Germanic family consists of the four Northern European Languages：Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian Languages.3. In the Western set, Greek is the modern language derived from Hellenic.4. The surviving Languages show various of degrees of similarity to one another. The similarity bears a more or less direct relationship to their geographical distribution.5. Now people generally refer to Anglo-Saxon as Old English（古英语）.6. The introduction of Christianity（基督教）at the end of the 6th century had a great impact on the English vocabulary.7. Old English （古英语）has a vocabulary of about 50,000 to 60,000 words. It was a highly inflected language just like modren German.8. Until 1066, although there were borrowings from Latin, the influence on English was mainly Germanic.9. The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of French words into English.10. During the Middle English period, Britain had trade relations with the low countries, especially Holland.11. Middle English retained much fewer inflections. If we say that Old English was a language of full endings, Middle English was one of leveled endings.12. As a result, Celtic made only a small contribution to the English vocabulary with such words as crag and bin and a number of place names like Avon, Kent, London, and Thames.13. After the invading Germanic tribes settled down in Britain, their Language almost totally blotted out Celtic .14. Old English is considered to be a highly-inflected Language.15. During the Middle English period three languages—English, French and Latin（英语，法语和拉丁语）---- existed simultaneously for over a century.16. Modern English（当代英语）began with the establishment of printing（印刷术）in England.17. Since the beginning of this century, word-formation has become even more important for the expansion of English vocabulary.18. Early Modern English refers to the language spoken from 1500 to 1700 .19. The major factors that promote the growth of modern English are the growth of science and technology, economic and political changes, the influence of other cultures and Languages .20. The four major foreign contributors to the English vocabulary in earlier times were French, Latin, Greek and Scandinavian .21. Though still at work today , borrowing can hardly compare with what it was in the past.22. It can be concluded that English has evolved from a synthetic Language(Old English) to the present analytic Language.23. Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: creation, semantic change, borrowing.24. The word of “recollection” is formed by creation.25. The first people known to inhabit the British isles were Celts. Their languages were Celtic.26. Besides French words, English also absorbed as many as 2,500 words of Dutch origin in theMiddle English period.名词解释：1. creation（创造新词）: Creation refers to the formation of new words by using the existing materials, namely roots, affixes and other elements. In Modern times, creation is the most important way of vocabulary expansion.2. semantic change（旧词新意）: Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need.3. borrowing（借用外来词语）: Borrowing has played a vital role in the development of vocabulary, particularly in earlier times.4. Old English（古英语）: It refers to the Language used from 450 to 1150.5. Middle English（中世纪英语）: It refers to the Language used from 1150 to 1500.6. Modern English（现代英语）: It refers to the Language used from 1500 up to the present.论述问答题：1. What are eight principal language in the Indo-European Language family（印欧语系）?答：They are Balto-Slavic, Indo-Iranian, Armenian, Albanian, Celtic, Italic, Hellenic and Germanic.2. What are the causes of more new words appearing today?答：the rapid development of modern science and technology.；Social, economic and political changes.；The influences of other cultures and languages.；3. What are three main modes of vocabulary developments?答：Creation creates new words by using existing materials.Semantic change. An old form takes on a new meaning to meet the new need.Borrow words from other Languages.Chapter 3 Word Formation I重点知识锦集：1. It seems to be generally agreed that a word is the smallest unit of a Language that stands alone to communicate meaning.2. In other words, the morpheme is ‘the smallest functioning unit in the composition of words’.3. Morphemes are abstract units, which are realized in speech by discrete units known as morphs.4. The morpheme to the morph what a phoneme is to a phone.5. Allomorphs as such do not occur at random, but are phonetically conditioned and thus predictable.6. Morphemes can be divided into free morphemes and bound morphemes.7. Bound morphemes are chiefly found in derived words.8. Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and affix.9. According to the functions of affixes, we can put them into two groups: inflectional affixes and derivational affixes.（内部曲折词缀和派生词缀）10. A monomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single free morpheme.11. Chiefly found in derived words, bound morphemes(黏着语素) include bound roots, inflectional affixes, derivational affixes.12. The plural morpheme ‘s’ is realized by /s/ after the sounds /t, p, k/ and by /z/ after /d, b, g, l/13. In the Eastern Set, Albanian and Armenian are each the only modern language respectively.名词解释：1. morpheme（语素）: the minimal meaningful units are known as morphemes.2. allomorphs（语素变体）: some morphemes, however, are realized by more than one morph according to their position in a word. Such alternative morphs are known as allomorphs.3. free morphemes（自由语素）: Morphemes which are independent of other morphemes are considered to be free. These morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences.4. bound morphemes（黏着语素）: morphemes which can not occur as separate words are bound. They are so named because they are bound to other morphemes to form words.5. bound root（黏着词根）: a bound root is that part of the word that carries the fundamental meaning just like a free root. It’s a bound form and has to combine with other morphemes to make words.6. affixes（词缀）: Affixes are forms that are attached to words or words elements to modify meaning or function.7. inflectional affixes（曲折词缀）: Affixes attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are inflectional, thus known as inflectional morphemes.8. derivational affixes（派生词缀）: As the term indicates, derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to creat new words. Derivational affixes can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes.9. root（词根）: A root is the basic form of a word which can not be further analysed without total loss of identity. It is that part of a word form that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have been removed.10. stem（词干）: A stem can be defined as a form to which affixes of any kind can be added.论述问答题：1. What are the differences between root and stem?答：①A root is the basic form of a word which can not be further analysed without total loss of identity. The root whether free or bound generally carries the main component of meaning in a word.②A stem may consist of a single root morpheme as in “iron”or of two root morphemes as ina compound like “handcuff”. It can be a root morpheme plus one or more affixational morphemes as in “mouthful”. Therefore, a stem can be defined as a form to which affixes of any kind cab be added.2. Analyze the morphological structure of the following words in terms of free morpheme and bound morpheme, then explain the differences between the two kinds of morphemes.UnhappilyIdealistic答:①Each of two words consists of three morphemes:unhappily(un+happy+ly), idealistic(ideal+ist+ic).②“happy”and “ideal”are free morphemes; un-, -ly, -ist and –ic are bound morphemes.③free morphemes have complete meanings in themselves and can be used as free grammatical units in sentences. Bound morphemes must be bound to other morphemes to form words.3. Analyze the morphological structures of the following words and point out types of the morphemes. recollection, nationalist, unearthly.答：recollection, nationalist, unearthly1) Each of the three words consists of three morphemes:recollection(re+collect+ion), nationalist(nation+al+ist), unearthly(un+earth+ly).2) Of the nine morphemes, only “collect” “nation” and “earth” are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3) All the rest are bound morphemes as none of them can stand alone as words.Chapter 4 Word Formation II重点知识锦集：1. The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on word-formation.2. According to the positions which affixes occupy in words, affixes falls into two subclasses:prefixation and suffixation.（前缀和后缀）3. Affixation is also known as derivation.4. Prefixes do not generally change the word-class of the stem but only modify its meaning.5. Suffixes have only a small semantic role, their primary function being to change the grammatical function of stems. In other words, they mainly change the word class.6. We shall group suffixes on a grammatical basis into noun suffixes, verb suffixes, adjective suffixes, etc.7. Compounds can be written solid, hyphenated and open.（连写的，加连字符号的，不连写的）8. Most compounds consist of only two stems but are formed on a rich variety of patterns and the internal grammatical relationships within the words are considerably complex.9. Conversion is also known as functional shift.（功能转换）10. Words produced by conversion are primarily nouns, adjectives, and verbs.11. The most productive, however, is the conversion that takes place between nouns and verbs.12. Unlike verbs, not all adjectives which are converted can achieve a full noun status. Some are completely converted, thus known as full conversion,（完全转换）others are only partially converted, hence partial conversion.（部分转换）13. Blending（拼缀法）is a very productive process and many coinages resulting from blending have become well-established.14. As far as the structure is concerned, blends fall into four major groups: head+tail, head+head, head+word, word+tail.15. The overwhelming majority of blends are nouns.16. Blends are mostly used in writing related to science and technology, and to newspapers and magazines.17. There are four common types of clipping: front clipping, back clipping, front and back clipping, phrase clipping.18. Both intialisms and acronyms have become very popular since the Second World War and thus extremely productive.19. Words created through back-formation are mostly verbs.20. Stylistically, back-formed words are largely informal and some of them have not gained public acceptance.21. Open compounds look like free phrases as the elements forming each word are written separately.22. As a rule, the stress of compounds falls on the first element.23. A compound functions as a single grammatical unit, so the internal structure can not be changed.24. Conversion（转换法）refers to the use of words of one class as that of a different class.25. Partial conversion and full conversion are concerned with adjectives when converted to nouns.名词解释：1. affixation（词缀法）: Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems.2. prefixation（前缀法）: Prefixation is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems.3. suffixation（后缀法）: Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to stems.4. compounding（合成法）: Compounding, also called composition, is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems. Words formed in this way are called compounds.5. conversion（转换法）: Conversion is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.6. blending（拼缀法）: Blending is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word. Words formed in this way are called blends or pormanteau words.7. clipping（截短法）: Another common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead. This is called clipping.8. acronymy（首字母拼音法）: Acronymy is the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms.9. initialisms（首字母缩略词）: Initialisms are words pronounced letter by letter.10. acronyms（首字母拼音词）: Acronyms are words formed from initial letters but pronounced as a normal word.11. back-formation（逆生法）: Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation. It’s therefore the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes.论述问答题：1. In what aspects do compounds differ from free phrases?答：Compounds differ from free phrases in the following three aspects:1). Phonetic features. In compounds the word stress usually occurs on the first element whereas in noun phrases the second element is generally stressed if there is only one stress.2). Semantic features. Compounds are different from free phrases in semantic unity. Every compound should express a single idea just as one word.3). Grammatical features. A compound tends to play a single grammatical role in a sentence, for example, a verb, a noun, or an adjective.2. What is the best way to classify prefixes? Why?答：Prefixes do not usually change the word-class of the stem but only modify lts meaning.Although present-day English finds an increasing number of class-changing prefixes, they make up only an insignificant number in the huge contemporary vocabulary. It might be the best way to classify prefixes by their non-class-changing feature.3. In what way are compound verbs generally formed? Give examples to illustrate your point.答：Compound verbs are created either through conversion or back-formation. This could be illustrated by two words, nickname and chain-smoker. Nickname, which is originally a noun, can be used as a verb through conversion. Chain-smoker, which is originally a noun, can turn into a verb through back-formation.4. What is the difference between partial and full conversion? Explain them with examples. 答：When converted to nouns, not all adjectives can achieve a full noun status. Some are completely converted, thus known as full conversion, others are only partially converted, hence partial conversion. When a noun fully converted from an adjective has all the characteristics of a noun, it can take an indefinite article or-(e)s to indicate singular or plural number. For example, adjective “white”can be fully converted to a noun “white”, which can take indefinite article: a white. When a noun partially converted from adjectives do not possess all the qualities a noun does. They must be used together with the definite article, and they retain some of the adjective features. For example, the poor, the rich.5. Both back-formation（逆生法）and back-clipping（截后留前）are ways of making words by removing the endings of words. How do you account for the coexistence of the two? Can you explain the difference?答：Back-formation is the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes. It’s considered to be the opposite process of suffixation. For example, “loafer”may be assumed to derive from the verb “loaf”’on the analogy of known derivatives, such as “swimmer” from “swim” or “driver” from “drive”. By removing the supposed suffixes –er from “loafer”, a verb “loaf”’is coined. Majority of back-formed words are verbs. Back-clipping is different. The deletion occurs at the end of the word(usually a noun). Both the original long word and its short form remain in the same word class. In diffe rent context, one could be used in other’s place.6. After he comes back, he oiled machine.In above sentence, which word is the converted word? Explain the type of the conversion and the effect of the conversion.答：In this sentence, the word “oil”is the converted word. It is converted from a noun to a verb. When it was used as a noun, the meaning of it is that “油”. But in this sentence, it was used as a verb, the meaning is “给…加油”; As is often the case, a noun can be converted to a verb without any change. The use of the verb converted is both economical and vivid.Chapter 5 Word Meaning重点知识锦集：1. Reference(所指关系) is the relationship between Language and the world.2. The reference of a word to a thing outside the Language is arbitrary and conventional.（任意的和依照惯例的）3. Although reference is a kind of abstraction, yet with the help of context, it can refer tosomething specific.4. Every word that has meaning has sense(not every word has reference).5. Different lexical items, which have different lexical meanings, may have the same grammatical meaning.（语法意义）6. Functional words, though having little lexical meaning, possess strong grammatical meaning.7. Lexical meaning itself has two components: conceptual meaning and associative meaning.（概念意义和关联意义）8. Associative meaning（关联意义）comprises four types: connotative, stylistic, affective, collocative.9. Words that have emotive values may fall into two categories: appreciative or pejorative.（褒义词和贬义词）10. To a large extent the affective meaning of the word depends on the context where the word is used.11. Motivation（理据）explains why a particular form has a particular meaning.12. Unlike conceptual meaning, associative meaning is unstable and indeterminate.13. By etymological motivation, we mean that the meaning of a particular word is related to its origin.14. The relationship between the linguistic sign and a referent is conventional.15. Content words have both meanings, and Lexical meaning（词汇意义）in particular.16. The word “miniskirt”is morphologically motivated.17. The word “laconic”is etymologically motivated.18. In the phrase “the mouth of the river”, the word “mouth”is semantically motivated.名词解释：1. concept（概念）: Concept, which is beyond Language, is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind. It’s universal to all men alike regardless of culture, race, Language and so on.2. sense（语义）: Sense denotes the relationship inside the Language. The sense of an expression is its place in a system of semantic relationships with other expressions in the Language.3. motivation（理据）: Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.4. onomatopoeic motivation（拟声理据）: In modern English one may find some words whose sounds suggest their meanings, for these words were created by imitating the natural sounds or noises. For example, bang, miaow, ha ha and the like are onomatopoetically motivated words. Knowing the sounds of the words means understanding the meaning.5. morphological motivation（形态理据）: Compounds and derived words are multi-morphemic words and the meanings of many are the sum total of the morphemes combined. Quite often, if one knows the meaning of each morpheme, one can figure out the meaning of the word. For instance, “airmail” means to ‘mail by air’.6. semantic motivation（语义理据）: Semantic motivation refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word. It explains the connection between the literal sense and figurative sense of the word.7. etymological motivation（词源学理据）: The meanings of many words often relate directly。
高二暑假英语笔记摘抄(3篇)
第1篇第一部分：词汇积累1. vital - 重要的，必不可少的- 例句：Good health is vital to a happy life.- 摘抄：健康是快乐生活的关键。
2. contribute - 贡献，捐助- 例句：He contributes to the local charity every month.- 摘抄：他每个月都向当地慈善机构捐款。
3. incredible - 难以置信的- 例句：The views from the top of the mountain are incredible. - 摘抄：从山顶俯瞰的景色令人难以置信。
4. intensive - 强烈的，集中的- 例句：The training program is very intensive.- 摘抄：这个培训计划非常密集。
5. flexible - 灵活的- 例句：The company offers flexible working hours.- 摘抄：这家公司提供灵活的工作时间。
6. determine - 决定，确定- 例句：The weather will determine what we do today.- 摘抄：天气将决定我们今天做什么。
7. impressive - 给人印象深刻的- 例句：Her performance was very impressive.- 摘抄：她的表演给人留下了深刻的印象。
8. pursue - 追求，从事- 例句：She is pursuing a career in medicine.- 摘抄：她正在从事医学事业。
9. beneficial - 有益的，有利的- 例句：Regular exercise is beneficial to your health.- 摘抄：定期锻炼对你的健康有益。
10. sustainable - 可持续的- 例句：We need to find sustainable ways to protect the environment. - 摘抄：我们需要找到可持续的方式来保护环境。
英语四级词汇笔记完整版
英语四级词汇笔记完整版生活中的英语：1.我喜欢这里：wrong: I like here.-- Right： I like it here.2.我会成功的：wrong:I can succeed.-- Right： I can do it. Ican make it.3.Nike胜利女神。
Just do it.4.Did you have a pleasant journey? (这时要用降调)5.I am very much frightened because a girl named Monika stands beside me. Oh， thank god!He’s not the president now. (我很害怕)6.I was just screwed up. (我一团糟)考试中常见的考察词汇的题型：1. The rain was heavy and __ the land was flooded.A consequentlyB continuouslyC constantlyD consistently答案：Acontinue v. 继续，连续; continually adv. 时断时续地; continuously adv. 连续不断地。
说不停的咳嗽时，continually是间歇的时断时续的咳嗽，continuously 是一直不停的咳嗽。
consequently adv. 因此，所以;(heavy rain大雨， light rain小雨) constantly adv. 始终如一地，连续发生地;constant temperature 恒温consistently adv. 一贯地，一致地; consistent adj. consistent policy 一贯的政策。
2. I hate people who __ the end of a film that you haven’t seen be fore.A reviseB rewriteC revealD reverse答案：Crewrite v. 重写，改写; revise vt. 修改，修正; reveal vt. 揭示，揭露;reverse vt. 颠倒，使反转，使反向。
英语基础课堂所涉及的词汇笔记
主题反复：Absorb, assimilate, digest, …Accomplish, achieve, complete, fulfil, realize…Aggression, attact, invasion, offense, assault…Begin, commence, launch, start ….Danger, hazard, risk, venture…Duty, obligation, responsibility…态度呈现：修饰论据的adj. accurate, correct, exact, precise, true, authentic, genuine, adequate, sufficient, believable, convincing, plausible, credible,作者感受的adj. afraid, frightened, scared, fearful, angry, furious, indignant, ashamed,修饰论据的Adj. absurd, silly, fullish, ridiculous,v. accuse, blame, charge, denounce, criticize, bother, disturb, …v. acknowledge, admit, concede, confess, ….n. benefit, advantage, gains指代总结：These changes, this trend, such tendency, all these phenomena, the troubles mentioned above …观点呈现n. Advice, suggestion, proposal, idea, notion, assertion,n. assumption, guess, anticipation, expectation…v. Announce, declare, proclaim, argue, clarify, explain, discover, indicate, hint, suggest, .. v. anticipate, expect, foresee转折对比But, however, nevertheless, nonetheless, yet, ..Infact, acutally, as a matter of fact…Unexpectedly, ..Unfortunately, ….Sadly, …Now, … currently, … presently …A is different from B.A is dissimilar to B.B …. On the contrary, A…Unlike B, A …..A andB are quite distinct from each other.A andB are from diverse backgrounds.X vary from A to B.A surpass B.A outweigh BA is ahead of BA is superior to BA is senior to BA is prior to B强烈语气震惊：surprising, astonishing, amazing, alarming, shocking, startling, ….最高级：the most，the best…情态动词：must…程度副词：far, distinctly, absolutely, thoroughly, completely, ….特殊句式：倒装，感叹……To our surprise, …. It is mysteriours that ….因果关系A is the basis of BA give a high yield of BA has a side-effect: BA has a by-product: BA give rise to BA give birth to BA contribute to BA lead to BA result in BA is responble for B.A evoke BA induce BA provoke BSb. do B in response to A Sb. do B in search of A. Sb. do B on grounds of A.B takes roots in A.B stem from A.B derive from AB originate from ASb. owe B to A.Sb. attribute B to ASb. view A as the source of BA… Therefore, B …. Accordingly, Hence, Thus ….形近辨析：1. Accent, ascent2. Access, assess, excess3. Acclaim, declaim, proclaim4. Acquire, enquire, require5. Afflict, inflict6. Allusion, elusion7. Amend, emend8. Amoral, immoral, unmoral9. Appraise, apprise10. Apprehension, conprehension11. Attempt, contempte, tempt12. Attribute, contribute, distribute, tribute13. Attitude, aptitude14. Avert, divert15. Bleach, bleak16. Campaign, champion17. Celebrate, celebrity18. Clarity, charity19. Commence, conmend, commerce20. Compassionate, compensate, complacent, complement, compliment21. Conference, interference, reference22. Confirm, conform, inform23. Contend, content, consent, contest, context24. Consequent, subsequent25. Conservation, conversation26. Decent, descent27. Defective, defensive, deficient28. Delicate, delicate, dictate29. Describe, prescribe, subscribe30. Disapprve, disprove31. Discreet, discrete32. Distinct, distingctive, distinguished33. Evoke, provoke, revoke34. Freight, fright35. Grateful, graceful, gracious, precious36. Habitat, habitant, habitable, habitual37. Incomparable, uncomparable, incompatible38. Indispensible, indisputable39. Intricate, intrinsic40. Ingenious, ingenuous41. Initiate, initate, intimate42. Later, latter, latest, lately43. Notable, notorious44. Oppress, suppress, depress45. Pension, passion, pensive46. Perspective, prospective, prospect47. Primitive, primary, preliminary48. Promote, prompt49. Qualitative, quantitative50. Reveal, revival, rival51. Strike, stride, strive52. Superficial, superfluous, superstitious53. Temper, temperament, temperance, temptation。
三年级英语上册单元词汇表的笔记
三年级英语上册单元词汇表的笔记人教版三年级英语上册单元词汇表（部分）Unit 1.- ruler [ˈruːlə(r)]，名词，尺子。
- pencil [ˈpensl]，名词，铅笔。
- eraser [ɪˈreɪzə(r)]，名词，橡皮。
- crayon [ˈkreɪən]，名词，蜡笔。
- bag [bæɡ]，名词，包。
- pen [pen]，名词，钢笔。
- pencil box [ˈpensl bɒks]，名词短语，铅笔盒。
- book [bʊk]，名词，书。
Unit 2.- red [red]，形容词，红色（的）- green [ɡriːn]，形容词，绿色（的）- yellow [ˈjeləʊ]，形容词，黄色（的）- blue [bluː]，形容词，蓝色（的）- black [blæk]，形容词，黑色（的）- brown [braʊn]，形容词，棕色（的）- white [waɪt]，形容词，白色（的）- orange [ˈɒrɪndʒ]，形容词/名词，橙色（的）；橙子。
Unit 3.- face [feɪs]，名词，脸。
- ear [ɪə(r)]，名词，耳朵。
- eye [aɪ]，名词，眼睛。
- nose [nəʊz]，名词，鼻子。
- mouth [maʊθ]，名词，嘴。
- arm [ɑːm]，名词，胳膊。
- hand [hænd]，名词，手。
- head [hed]，名词，头。
- body [ˈbɒdi]，名词，身体。
- leg [leɡ]，名词，腿。
- foot [fʊt]，复数形式feet，名词，脚。
给孩子做的英文原版阅读词汇笔记
给孩子做的英文原版阅读词汇笔记在孩子的英文原版阅读中，词汇是一个重要的障碍。
为了帮助孩子更好地理解和掌握这些词汇，我整理了一些重要的词汇笔记。
这些笔记不仅涵盖了常见的主题词汇，还包括了一些常用的表达方式和短语。
一、动物词汇1. 猫（cat）：cat是常见的宠物，也是许多故事中的主角。
要让孩子理解cat的基本含义，可以举一些例子，如“This is a cat. It meows when it is happy.”2. 狗（dog）：狗是人类最亲密的动物之一，也是许多故事和歌曲的主角。
让孩子理解dog的含义，可以举“This is a dog. It barks when it is happy.”3. 鸟（bird）：鸟是天空的使者，也是许多故事的元素。
要让孩子理解bird的含义，可以描述它飞行的样子，“A bird flies when it wants to go somewhere.”二、日常生活词汇1. 颜色（colors）：颜色是日常生活中的重要元素，也是许多绘本故事的主题。
让孩子了解各种颜色，可以举一些简单的例子，“This is red. That is blue. Orang e is like a combination of red and yellow.”2. 形状（shapes）：形状是物体最基本的特征，也是许多拼图和游戏的基础。
要让孩子理解常见形状的基本含义，可以描述它们在生活中的应用，“A triangle can be a shape on a building or a puzzle piece.”3. 数字（numbers）：数字是孩子日常生活中必不可少的元素，也是许多故事和游戏的主题。
要让孩子理解数字的基本含义和用途，可以举一些简单的例子，“There are seven days in a week.”三、自然词汇1. 植物（plants）：植物是自然世界的重要组成部分，也是许多绘本故事的主题。
新概念英语第一册111课笔记
新概念英语第一册111课笔记一、词汇。
1. model.- n. 型号；样式；模范；模特儿。
- 例如：This is the latest model of the car.（这是这款汽车的最新型号。
）- She is a fashion model.（她是一名时装模特儿。
）2. afford.- v. 付得起（钱）；承担得起（后果）；提供。
- 通常用于否定句和疑问句中，常与can, could, be able to连用。
- 例如：I can't afford this expensive watch.（我买不起这块昂贵的手表。
）- We can't afford to make any mistakes.（我们承担不起犯任何错误的后果。
）3. deposit.- n. 定金；存款；沉积物。
- 例如：You need to pay a deposit of 100 dollars.（你需要付100美元的定金。
）- He has a large deposit in the bank.（他在银行有一大笔存款。
）- v. 付（定金）；使沉积。
- 例如：I deposited 500 yuan on this apartment.（我为这套公寓付了500元定金。
）- The river deposits a lot of sand at its mouth.（这条河在河口沉积了大量的沙子。
）4. installment.- n. 分期付款；（分期连载的）部分。
- 例如：I bought this TV on installments.（我用分期付款的方式买了这台电视。
）- The story is published in installments.（这个故事分期连载。
）5. price.- n. 价格；代价。
- 例如：The price of this book is 20 yuan.（这本书的价格是20元。
初三上英语笔记
初三上英语笔记一、词汇。
1. 重点单词。
- aloud：副词，意为“大声地；出声地”，例如：Read aloud so that everyone can hear you.（大声朗读以便每个人都能听到你。
）- pronunciation：名词，“发音；读音”，Good pronunciation is important in learning English.（在学习英语中良好的发音很重要。
）- increase：既可以作动词也可以作名词。
作动词时，意为“增加；增长；提高”，如：The population of the city is increasing.（这个城市的人口正在增加。
）作名词时，意为“增加；增长”，例如：There has been an increase in the number of students.（学生的数量已经增加了。
）- create：动词，“创造；创建；创作”，Artists create beautiful works.（艺术家创作美丽的作品。
）2. 词汇拓展。
- patient（形容词，“有耐心的”） - patience（名词，“耐心”），例如：You need to have patience when you teach children.（当你教孩子的时候你需要有耐心。
）- wise（形容词，“明智的；聪明的”） - wisdom（名词，“智慧；才智”），Ancient people had great wisdom.（古代人有伟大的智慧。
）3. 短语搭配。
- look up：（在词典、参考书中或通过电脑）查阅；抬头看，例如：If youdon't know the word, you can look it up in the dictionary.（如果你不知道这个单词，你可以在字典里查阅它。
）- be born with：天生具有，He is born with a good voice.（他天生有一副好嗓子。
老蒋英语(二)词汇笔记
1、前缀+词根(前缀改变单词的逻辑方向)fore-前、向前、提前（8词）fore-head→前面的头→前额n.fore-arm→前面的臂→前臂/小臂n.fore-leg→前腿→小腿n.fore-finger→前指（除大拇指外其余四指排名在前指头）→食指（middle-finger中指、ring-finger →带戒子的手指→无名指、little-finger→小指、thumb-finger→大拇指）n.fore-father→以前的父亲→前辈→祖先n.fore-bear（born）→以前出生→前辈→祖先n.fore-cast（播撒）→提前播撒→预报n.（broad-cast→广播，cast→丢、扔）、weather forecast 天气预报fore-see→提前看见→预见vt.fore-tell→提前说出→预言vt.所有词汇中是动词最重要，首先要关注动词ex-外、出来im-/in-里、否定（非、不、相反）pro-/pre-前(未来的时间)com-/con-/cor-/col-/co-一起/共同re-再次;回/往回/反dis-否de-向下pose→n.姿势v.放/置/摆；引起，产生，提出ex-pose→往外放→使暴露vt.im-pose→把东西往里面放→强加于vt.pro-pose→未来的事情提前摆出来→建议vt.com-pose→放置到一起→组成vt.re-pose→把自己往回放→休息vt.dis-pose→否定的放置某物→处理掉vi. eg: dispose of rubbish 把垃圾处理掉de-pose→向下摆放→贬值/废除2、词根+后缀（后缀改变词的词性）-er/-or/-ar n. 人/物school-ar→学校的人→学者n.第二节49分钟cook-er→厨具、厨师n.type-writ-er→打字机typ-ist→打字员sky-scrap-er→摩天大厦fold-er→折叠椅3、前缀+词根+后缀con-centr-ate→一起跑到中心来→集中vt.（-ate表动词）pre-sid-ent→前边的人→主席、校长、总裁、总统（-ent名词词性通常表人）preside 主持、主导v.preside over sth.re-sid-ent→回到这边的人→居民reside vi. 居住reside in 居住在……4、elsere-in-force→再次注入力量→增援、加固vt. to reinforce the army 增援军队二、近形词、形近词Lamp n.灯Limp v.瘸子Limb n.肢体Lame adj.瘸的Lamb→来吧→小羊羔Lime n.来摸一下很汤→石灰Lamb小羊羔Lame缺了Lamp我把它放在灯光底下，看了看它的Limb肢体，然后给它打上些Lime石灰它就是Limb瘸着腿走路了-tainattain v.到达obtain vt.获得pertain vi.属于entertain vt. 娱乐retain vt.保持contain vt.容纳maintain vt.保养sustain vt.维持detain vt.耽搁，延误abstain vi.戒除stainless adj.无污点的二节完三、近义词（写作、口语→output）peep vi.偷窥+atstare vi.盯着看，瞪眼+atglare vi.怒视+atgape vi.傻傻的看+atpeer vi.凝视+atlook at vi强调看的动作see vt. 强调看的结果read a book 看书（看具体的内容）glance vi.一瞥cast a glance at快速的看向……（cast 投、扔at指方向、动作）glimpse vi.瞥见，瞥到catch the glimpse of（of强调结果）四、一词多义联想记忆法spring n.春天，泉水，弹簧；v.弹跳（春天来了，泉水像弹簧一样弹跳起来了）board n.木板，a white board 白板，a bare board 光板牌，a notice board 布告牌，a sign board 标识牌盘，a chess board 棋盘桌（板）子，above the board 在赌桌上，光明正大；sweep up the board 扫光赌桌→打胜；lodging and board餐桌; the board of election 选举桌→选举委员会；theboard of electricity 电力局甲板→交通工具，get on board the plane/bus/train 登上飞机/公交车/火车五、拆文解字法handicap→hand+i+cap 手爱戴帽子→残疾n.；使残疾vt. ；handicap adj. 残疾的alienation n. a+lie+nation 一个撒谎的民族→疏远；innocent adj. in+no+cent 包里没有一分钱→清白的cargo n. car+go 车走了→货物（运输途中的货物）与goods区别六、谐音sting vt. s+ting→使劲叮→叮mugn. mu+g麻哥→臭虫、强盗vt.打劫torpedo n. tor+pe+do 鱼雷pest n.拍死它→害虫pat v.拍它→轻拍gangster n.干死他→匪徒spouse n.死抱死→死也要抱着死→配偶taboo n. 特不→特别不能做的→禁忌mumble vi. 妈抱→小孩叫妈妈抱→不清楚的说turbulent adj. 特别乱的→狂乱的，紊乱的pyjamas n.披件麻丝→睡衣第三节47分钟七、不择手段记忆法grace n. g+race 赛跑中的哥哥→优雅groom n. g+room 房间里的哥哥→新郎官gloom n. g+loom 织布机旁的哥哥→忧郁grope n. g+rope 哥哥拿一把绳子→摸索frugal adj. 腐乳够→吃点腐乳就够了→节俭的八、语竟组词字→词→句→文pitA fall in the pit（坑）, a gain in your wit(智力).坑里跌一下，智力就增长一下→吃一堑，长一智。
英语词汇5500笔记
赵丽词汇速记5500笔记00-1开场白自我介绍/上课要求:需要准备一个笔记本able adj.enable v.ability n.如何记笔记：把笔记打成三格单词中文助记方法搜索引擎：赵丽词汇词汇重要性词汇当先1.阅读离不开单词2.听力离不开单词3.写作离不开单词人在什么情况下记忆力是最好的1.半饥饿状态2.大脑皮层兴奋的时候3.临睡觉之前记住单词的“音、形、义”单词的含义最重要pound骉犇羴鱻Δ = b2 - 4ac一个人的智商分三部分：记忆力、计算力和理解力haunt :常来常往的地方，鬼神出没的地方，萦绕心头难以忘记aunt 姑姑h(ome)家姑姑的家-〉常来常往的地方haunted room 鬼屋memory haunted me 往事历历在目gaunt 憔悴----考G的阿姨aunt，很憔悴the meet 峰会trivial adj.琐碎的，不重要的trivial 琐碎的事----三姑tri六婆vi关心的所有al事vicar 牧师----拥有六vi辆小汽车car的人bishop 主教----拥有两个bi=2商店shop的人bicycle 自行车听写新娘：bride----不b骑马ride的是新娘新郎：groom----新郎是，哥哥g在屋里room等新娘shanghai vt. 欺骗，伤害，诱拐00-2记单词的方法一.拆分法sanguine 脸色红润的，乐观的----音：三桂呢？fareentertainment 娱乐famine n.饥荒----音：发fa米mi呢nefamish v. 使……饥饿----音：发fa米mi时sh听写二.谐音法ponder 思考----音：胖的，胖人爱思考ponderous 笨重的----音：胖的要死ambition 野心勃勃，胸心壮志----音：俺必胜ambition to do….curse 诅咒----音：克死三.口诀法rim 边缘----只有rim是边缘brim 边缘----前面加b含义不变grim 恐怖----前面加g（鬼）真恐怖trim v.修剪adj. 整齐---前面加t才修剪整齐-复习00-3prim 端庄的---- p在rim前真端庄prose 散文；单调----扑（p）到玫瑰上更单调plight 困境----扑（p）灭了光就陷入困境pray 祈祷----扑（p）在光线前才是祈祷ErosCupid 丘比特Venus 维纳斯，金星morose 郁闷的No one can be a hero in the plight. 没有人能在困境中成为英雄Every dog has its days. 风水轮流转under the rose 秘密的四.近形对照法adapt / adopt / adeptadapt 适应apt-适合，适当的adopt 收养；采纳opt-选取，选择adept 熟练的，有技巧的ept-能力e想成郭晶晶在跳水，跳水需要技巧的o想象成圆圈，套圈的时候，你套什么就是你选择了什么，在采纳意见的时候有所选择a 靠近a的就是a，近朱者赤，这就是对环境的适应性mortal 死亡的----音：没mor头talimmortal 不朽----im否定前缀+mortal死亡的liberty 自由----音:流鼻涕blush 脸红----谐音记忆。
大学生英语词汇复习笔记
大学生英语词汇复习笔记翻硕复习的一大重头戏就是词汇，而词汇量是巨大的，必须要有日常的积累和复习，并且掌握科学的记忆方法，才能最有效地积累词汇量。
下面是关于英语词汇的学习笔记，以供大家参考。
lesson11、afflict：v 通常用于被动语态使某人某物苦恼、疼痛或悲伤～ sb/sth with sthSevere drought has afflicted the countryside。
严重的干旱使乡村深受其害。
She is afflicted withsuffers fromarthritis。
她患关节炎。
afflictionn疼痛，折磨，悲痛;造成痛苦的事物 help people in affliction 帮助受苦的人distress：通常用于被动语态给某人某物带来痛苦，悲伤，苦难，贫困，困苦，危难等n极大的痛苦，悲伤，苦难等的缘由;贫困，困苦;危难，困境Towards the end of the marathon several runners showed signs of distress。
马拉松比赛接近终点时，有些参赛者显出极难受的样子。
Her death was a great distress to the family。
她去世后全家人极为悲痛。
A ship in distress 遇险的船distressfuladjdistressing adj令人痛苦的，令人苦恼的2、censure：v严厉批评某人，正式责备某人nstrong criticism or condemnation 指责，谴责，斥责Two MPs were censured by the speaker。
有两个议员遭到议长的斥责。
Pass a vote of censure on sb 通过对某人的不信任投票 blame：v责备，责怪，指责，归咎于～ sb for/on sthIf you fail the exam you’ll only have yourself to blame。
高考英语高频词汇笔记(完整资料).doc
【最新整理，下载后即可编辑】感情色彩：完形填空、记叙文、议论文surprised 意想不到中astonished 意想不到中shocked 震惊心理落差负confused 不知道怎么办how / whichpuzzled 不知道为什么what / why -ed：描述人-ing：描述事物令人……的I am excited.The story is exciting.感兴趣be fond of / like 喜欢be interested in 感兴趣be keen on 热衷be enthusiastic with 热爱places of intereststourist attractions / historical scenes believe 相信trust 认为think belief 信仰X观点opiniontrust / count on 信任disappointed 结果worried / anxious 无结果move v 移动强调过程head v 赶往某处强调目的（写作）gather —head —upon arrivalI __ to the JM’s and worked till eleven.moved / moving adj 感动touched / touching adj 感动I _cried_ and said, “Dad, I love you.”deeply moved / touchedmove n 动作（体育、表演）movement n 运动a sense of satisfaction 满足感We were satisfied with the result.The result was satisfying to all of us. The result brought a sense of satisfaction to all of us. (推荐)具体描述事件结果，which brought a sense of 感情色彩to sb（第四幅图）doubt / suspect 怀疑不相信负undoubtedly 毫无疑问强调（重要）-ful n—adj 多careful / harmful-less n—adj 少careless / harmless patient n 病人hospital / disease patient adj / anxious adj (hurried)in- 否定形容词（im- / ir-）correct / incorrect direct / indirect possible / impossible polite / impoliteregular / irregularThe day came as expected. 过渡句as planned beyond one’s expectation 超越期待The beauty of the mountains was totally beyond my expectation. unexpected experience 突发经历As I was walking on my way home, something unexpected drew my attention. (第一幅图)confidence 文章中心类词汇Not only did I win the competition, but I improved my confidence greatly. I owed all of these to my teacher, who offered me some necessary help and support.ashamed 惭愧(guilty 愧疚shyly) What a shame! = What a pity!easy / difficult adj 容易客观easy / uneasy adj 轻松主观ease my pain 减轻痛苦ease my troubled mindconcern n/v 关心关切正care about担忧负worry aboutangry / annoyed / disturbed / upset -ous —-ty 形容词变名词-ous —-ositycurious / curiositygenerous - generosity-ous —-etyanxious / anxiety various / variety anxious 焦急负eager 急切正中(immediately) happy / delighted / glad / overjoyed pleased / enjoyablenervous 有压力第一次负tight 紧张时间安排tight schedule 写作套路nervous –relieved / reliefrelieved 松了一口气负—正relief relaxed 放松愉快正relaxation pressure 心理压力stress 外界压力press 按向外点push 推向外面pull 拉向内(over / into 停车) confuse v 混淆mix up embarrassed 尴尬（不合适）inappropriate fear n/v my fear / I fear sth afraid adj I am afraid of sth frightened adj I am frightened scare n/v scare sb(horrified / terrified 恐怖) hesitate to do sth 没有下定决心make up one’s mind to do sth 下定决心without hesitation 毫不犹豫calming effectcalm downexcited / thrilled 兴奋comfort v 安慰（sad / upset 负）comfortable adj 舒适的（身体感受）愉悦的（心理感受）worse 递进(better)What’s worse, ……强调To make things worse, ……强调bored / boring 没意思（厌烦）dull / uninteresting 无聊（内容）amaze 赞叹amuse 有趣attract sb 正attractive / beautiful draw one’s attention / catch one’s eyedisturb / interrupt 干扰打断I was disturbed by the news.The news was disturbing to me.tired / exhausted 身体疲劳Tired but delighted, ……（事件收尾）determine to do sth = decide to do sth强调心理强调动作determined / determining adj有决心的I am determined to do sth determination / resolution n 决心be familiar with sth 熟悉某事be acquainted with sb 熟悉某人familiar / unfamiliar 熟悉/陌生熟悉（抽象）skillful / experienced Since we were unfamiliar with what to do, our teacher offered us a detailed introduction on our activity. （第一幅图）感谢thank n/vgrateful adj gratefulness n gratitude nappreciate v appreciation nI’d like to express my sincere appreciation to him.sure 描述心理状态（人）certain 描述客观情况（事物）困难difficulty / trouble / problem challenge / obstacle / barrier / hurdle I was challenged when ……I was faced with a challenging situationWhenever I am faced with a challenging situation, I will always choose to take it and never give up.trouble sb / trouble one’s mindtroublesome adj 麻烦的-some ……的样子quarrelsome 嘈杂的tiresome 困倦的courage n 勇气困难courageous challenge —failure / disappointment—upset / discouraged —consider —improve —strengthen / learn —success / achievement / satisfactionencourage v 鼓励正inspire 激励en- / -en 使动n/adj—v enlarge our knowledge base broaden our horizon (widen) strengthen our abilitiesenrich our lifediscourage v 消沉负sad = discouraged / depressed / upset glad = delighted心态attitude / mindoptimistic 乐观/ pessimistic 悲观positive 积极/ negative 消极active 主动/ passive 被动I benefit a lot from my active learning, which enables me to be among the top students in my class.positive comment / effectwill / would 愿意不愿意主观can / could 有没有能力客观推测must 语气强确定（写作禁用）may / might 语气弱不确定should 建议推测（写作常用/ have to）need 需求certainly / definitely 确定exactly 确定完全exactly not 完全不是（强调否定）not exactly 不完全是（部分否定）exactly the same 完全相同devote 奉献抽象devote …to doingdonate 捐献具体donation nI devoted myself to doing sthI was devoted to doing sth 尽心尽力With a devoted attitude, ……devotion n 努力efforts / sweat With our efforts and sweat, + 客观结果bitter adj 苦难的bittersweet adj 有笑有泪mad 负癫狂crazy 负/正疯狂（兴奋）bear v bore born忍受bearable / unbearablebear sth in one’s mind 牢记某事tolerate v 容忍（过错）tremble v 颤抖（身体、声音）情感感动兴奋正愤怒悲伤负完成目标reach / achieve / accomplish the goal 成就感a sense of achievementa sense of accomplishmentI felt accomplished.jealous adj envy v心理活动类词汇考察1 正负态度2 完形填空文章情节转变（负—正）3 阅读理解记叙文重要细节（题目）4 情景作文每幅图收尾、重要情节发展起（感想）承（感想）转（感想）合（感想）5 听力理解关注说话者语气—情感3 hours 心理活动6 hours 动词>43 hours 名词/形容词/副词/连词/介词>4 >2take v 有—无take away 夺走take off 起飞take over 接管v 从事接受take up the work / take the class take sth for granted 认为某事理所应当take it / keep it = acceptget it = understandmake it = succeed / manage to do make 无—有make friends / decision / mistake make up 弥补make up for my mistakemake-up 化妆改变change 具体事物X（说明文）v—n 抽象概念V（记叙文/议论文）become / turn to (into) + 结果（turn to sb 向某人寻求帮助）go / get + adj 变得……（状态）increase 数量（decrease / reduce）improve 质量坏—好grow 程度浅—深（感情色彩）Our excitement grew when we …递进rise 位置下—上sunrise / job rise advance 位置后—前（落后—先进）expand 面积小—大expansion extend 长度短—长extension develop 发展中变化My illness developed more and moreseriously.care for / like 好感care about / concern 关心关切take care of / look after 照顾careful 细致正 a careful preparationcautious 谨慎负danger / risk After a careful preparation, we gathered at ……and headed for ……. Upon arrival, our task began immediately.carefully / attentively 全神贯注的工作/任务work / task / duty / job / activity / eventtask 任务时间限制一次性duty 职责定时定期长期性work out the problem 解决问题解决deal with / solve / fix / handle settlesettle the debts 还债works n 著作艺术品worker / staff n 工作人员examine 检查内部问题check 检查是非对错有没有judge 判断对错evaluate评价好坏主观感受evaluation nassess 评估分数客观标准assessment nget 得到1 get / gain / obtain / acquire2 win / achieve / accomplish +正面结果3 experience +感情色彩(feel)I experienced a sense of achievement. 描述事件的最终结果，which allowed sb to experience a sense of 感情色彩My grandparents was chatting with my aunt happily, which allowed me to experience a sense of satisfaction.get 让1 have / let / make sb do sth2 ask / order / get / cause / drive sb to do sth3 force / urge sb to do sth 负4 allow sb to do sth 允许（让）get through 经历强调全过程get across穿过强调两点之间位置变化get over 克服overcomeget to do sth = do sth gradually 渐渐sincerely hope / wish / expect / desire应用文开头/结尾—总括句/总结句promise n 诺言（他人）commitment n 承诺（自己）决心promise to do sthcommit v 承诺犯下过错commit some mistake / commit suicidepromising adj 有前途的正a promising company / student show n 展览演出exhibition / playv 展示感情色彩/ 具体事物show sb in 带某人进来show sb around 带某人到处参观show off 炫耀负accept 接受有主导权acceptance nreceive 收到无主导权I received a gift.order sb to _receive_ sth reception n 接待warm reception receptionist n 接待人员receptive adj 接受的（态度）admit v 承认（受迫）admission n 允许进入adjust v 调整改变目的性adapt v 适应adapt to a new situationadopt sth 采纳/ adopt sb 领养accept sth 接受/ accept sb 有好感turn n 回合It’s your turn. / in turnturn v 动词短语turn on / off / up / down 开关大小turn down / refuse / reject 拒绝turn in / hand in 上交The thief turned himself in to the police.turn out 结果却不明确—明确（意外）He turned out to be my friend.turn to sb 转向某人向某人求助realize 意识到主观内在notice 注意到客观具体第一次understand 理解外在抽象remember 多次性real / reality 具体true / truth 抽象realize my dream 实现梦想I left China.I left for China. = I headed for China. leave v 离开I left (the classroom).vt 留下I left the book to him.(目的性)瞬间动词描述计划动作—进行表将来go / come / open / close / begin / finishleave / die看look v 随意out / into / up / aftern 外观appearance / expressionsee 了解understand 表面—本质watch 观看监视长时间read vt 阅读vi 写着sayI read the newspapers.The newspaper reads / says, ……spot n 点地点v 注意到notice scan 浏览快observe 观察长期目的性witness 旁观无关性stare at 盯直视glance at 瞥不能直视glare at 瞪怒视感情色彩负overlook 忽略无心careless ignore 忽视有意unimportant decide to do sth（第一幅图结尾）an enjoyable trip / journeyenjoy v 享有have 正We took photos in front of those famous temples and towers which enjoyed a history of hundreds of years.I enjoy a happy family of three. enjoy a good reputation 享有良好声誉find 找到普遍discover 发现隐藏—发现（探索）explorefind —found 找到found —founded 创立founder help n/v 帮助（人）assist / assistance 辅助（物）With the assistance of the Internet, we successfully booked the hotel and train tickets.With the help and support from my teacher, my speech skills improved greatly.lose vi 输vt 丢I lost my wallet.My wallet was lost.lost adj 丢失的（状态）missing a lost child = a missing childmiss v 思念错过miss my family / miss the chance think v 想随便think over 仔细考虑重要性consider 深思熟虑considerate adj 体贴的considerationbe considerate with sb considerable adj 相当的very / quitethoughts / idea / opinion / belief 想法ask 随意ask for需要/ ask about 询问argue 争论中debate / reason 争辩quarrel 争吵负fight 负+ 极端X（fight against oneself）question v 质问负-ed / -ing / -ablehold 握住（具体）保持、忍耐（抽象）grasp 握住（具体）掌握（抽象）seize = hold / grasp firmly 感情（具体）抓紧time / opportunity（抽象）catch 抓着握着拿着（状态）suggest v advisesuggestion / advicea sense of enjoymenta feeling of enjoymenta moment of enjoymentsense n 具体感觉听视触嗅道理make sense / nonsensesensitive adj 敏感的sensible adj 有知觉的keep 向内keep sb from sth / prevent sb fromsthsave 挽救节约know 熟悉know of 听说过hear ofI know him. / I know of him.give / offer / present / provide present n 礼物gift 现在at presentadj 当前的到场的absentv 提供bring sb a sense / feeling / moment ofalive 有生命的有生机的lively 活泼的lively-coloredplan / preparation / arrangement After a careful ~, ……play n 话剧v 体育表演play an important role 发挥重要作用teach 上—下learn / follow 下—上guide / guidance 全程陪伴direct / direction 指明方向explain / explanation 不明白—解释introduce / introduction 第一次instruct / instructionagree on sth 意见一致agree to do sth 要求—同意go 进行开展everything went well go along with sb 与某人相处go over 复习go on = continue 继续express v 表达adj 快速的EMSexpression n 表达方式表情with a painful expression on his face impress v 打动某人impress sbsth left sb a deep impressionsth impressed sb deeplyWhat impressed sb most was that ……What impressed me most was the convenience of the pad.What impressed me most was that the pad was quite convenient to use. imagine 虚构recognize 辨认区分recognize the importance of sth recognize my strength / weakness answer n 答案response / reply n 回应答复respond / reply to v 回应答复a silent responsesend 距离远pass 距离近run off / escaperun away 距离远run out 耗尽（patience）run / operate 开办运作break n 中断间隔class breakv 打破折断负break into 闯入break out 爆发beak down 出故障break off 摆脱appear 人/物出现occur 事件发生想法出现It suddenly hit me that ……It suddenly occurred to me that ……It suddenly hit me that a pad could help them to carry out a video chat. call off = cancel 取消call on = appeal 呼吁call for = ask for = need 需要call out = shout / yell / cry 感情色彩explain / teach 不明白—理解please v 让某人开心取悦put 随意无目的set / place 设置摆放目的性put off = postpone 推延put away = clear 收起来put out 扑灭put down 写下记下remind sb of sth 让某人回想起某事remind 再次知道I knew the photo albums .reminded them of my aunt, who was living abroad for years.pay for 付款pay off 没有白费（事件结果）Our efforts finally paid off.serve sb = wait on sb_wait_ on the customerswalk / step 走（背景）As I was walking on my way to …home step 台阶步伐步骤方法way / method / means / measure admire 下—上meet / gather 集合meet 满足meet one’s requirement mind v 小心介意mind the gap order v 命令订购n 命令订单顺序in order 按顺序in turn 轮流stop 停止不继续（过程之中）pause 暂停继续（过程之中）He _paused_ and saidhesitatedstudy n 研究书房调查研究类说明文—结论/指导意义标志：开头study / research / surveycontinue 动作不变（重复）still 状态不变（重复）still adj 静止的Still water runs deep.need 需求主观愿望require 要求客观标准request 请求恳请下—上demand = need + require demanding adj 要求高的苛刻的负learn 过程—结果mean adj 苛刻（人）负mean v 意味着描述事实状况，which meant we should …(事件过程) meaningful and unforgettable 写作开展carry out / perform / conduct conduct a voluntary activity conduct a researchpersuade 说服口才（speak）convince 信服证据（evidence）talk sb into sth 说服某人参加某事talk sb out of sth 劝说某人拒绝某事protect / defend —enemyreach v 到达触手可及reach our one’s handn 可触碰到的范围within my reach 能力范围之内beyond my reach 力所不能及succeed in doing sth 成功结果manage to do sth 想方设法做成结果+过程try / attempt to do sth 尝试做过程train v 上—下training course / lesson / class /programwonder 不确定心理状态wonder if 不知道是否wander = walk casually 无目的strolling 散步放松As I was wandering in the street, two foreigners, map in their hands, drew my attention. Do you buy his words?cover v 覆盖掩饰走的距离报道cover my faultscover 800 milescover the incidentn 封面soft / hard cover虚假信息标志词dream / imagine / pretend / assume unless / as if / as though / once + 虚假have / enjoy 享有+正have to do sth 负替换musthurt n 伤口 adj 受伤的vt 伤害vi 疼痛My hand is hurt.My hand hurts.You hurt my feelings.No one _was hurt_ (hurt / was hurt) like v 喜欢dislikeprep 像unlikelikely / unlikely = possible / impossible比较说明方法标志词—说明文重点like / unlike / same / different / than /compare / contrast比较双方？比较内容？比较结果？pick v 挑选区分pick outpick up 接送某人捡起某物恢复confidence / health学习pick up some knowledgerelate to sb 与某人有关relate to sth 因果关系search the Internet for some relevant information / materials / contents remove 有—无说say 随意vi 写着saying n 谚语Xspeak 正式speak out 表明观点tell + 概括抽象总结talk 主题talk about sth 中/ sb 负announce 宣布declare 宣告正式内容state 陈述确定信息inform 通知不确定信息标志wonder / feel / think / or / if / whetherpossibly / likely / probably / maybe perhaps / approximately / nearly almost / ?stand v 坚持忍耐hold on代表stand for / representn 支架struggle n 斗争挣扎hardship 负v 努力做正The village | __ we visited last year | is a small town now. (which / where) visit + some placedraw v 抽取withdraw v 取回draw one’s attention = catch one’s eyeaffect v + effect n = influence n/vaffect sb / sth 负effective adj 有效果好efficient adj 有效率快convenientcompany 陪伴confirm 不确定—确定describe 细节descriptionfigure n数字人物形象public figurev 算计figure out 想明白intend / intention 将要做lift v 向上情绪振作sign n 迹象牌子v 签名signaturemark n/v grade n/vn 1 记号 2 分数v 1 做记号 2 判分marker remark n/v 评价point n 要点意义pointless attemptspoint out 指明return 在—不在—在spend …(in) doing sth rather than doing sthtake …to do sthstay calm / keep calmstay 不变stick n 棍子chopsticksv 粘着note sticker （主动）被困住be stuck in（被动）坚持stick to + 原则/立场persist v 坚持不懈正persist on sthpersistence n persistent adj insist v 固执己见中/负treat n招待v 对待treat / regard …as …请客Let me treat you.治疗treatment nforgive / apologizeafford 金钱时间代价affordable = inexpensiveattend / participate in / join / take part inattend the patients 照顾病人build up / establish / accumulate 积累+ confidence / knowledge base cheer and applause n (applaud v) collect 收集分散—集中取拿count sb in = include sbcount sb out = exclude sbcount on sb = trust sbcreate a cozy atmospheredrop 扔throw 投掷invite 邀请下—上正invite guests人招致负invite trouble物praise sb for what sb had donerest v 休止无连续动作落在某处rest on the groundThe following task rested on our shoulders. 过渡句Our activity started with a heated discussion on what to do.After two hours’efforts, our activity came to an end.state v 陈述statement nn 状态usual / normal stateconnect / link A————B attach AB 附加attachment n 附件join C=A+B 分不开join our handsThough we might be apart for now, our friendship will always keep us connected. 友谊类中心depend on / rely on 依靠independent / adapt to sth 独立/适应happen to do sth 碰巧做某事As ……, I suddenly noticed ……As ……, I happened to notice ……hear of / know of 听说过hear from 收到某人音信identify 鉴定本质真假identification n 身份ID cardHearing / Seeing ……, I felt a sense of ……respect n/v 尊重respectable v+able 上respectful n+ful 下share v 分享n 份额each share of effortsadd up to / sum 总计apply v 应用application apply for 申请apply for the admissionreply n/v 回应response / respond supply n/v 供给必需品approach = get close to 接近avoid doing sthHe was to blame. 受到谴责burn v 燃烧过程light v 点燃瞬间动作lit lit原因+ cause + 结果原因+ lead to + 结果原因+ result in + 结果结果+ result from + 原因end up with + 负面结果a competitive mind (individual)a cooperative attitude (teamwork)fit 尺寸规格品味爱好suit 满足要求标准match 匹配fix v 解决固定住a fixed schedulematter n/v 重要What mattes most is that ……mention sth / suggest to do sthexit 离开具体地点quit 退出抽象事件寻找look for / seek / search for seek –soughtsearch somewhere for sthact on sth = respond / affectact / deed 做的事情what we had doneact of kindness 善举in fact / actually 转折/递进+ 重要chance / opportunityaccess v 进入接触到get access to sth 得到接触某事的机会accessible adj 可接触到的hand + 具体事物experience n 一次经历经验（不可数）experiences n 经历reason + 具体情况reasonable / affordable priceon my way home / on my way to schoolthe best way to learn English is ……I like the way you dressed.I like the wayYou dressed in the wayI like the way (in which) you dresseda challenging situation 难关hard-working / efforts (with)With her constant efforts 不懈努力silence 寂静中（事物）沉默负（人）in silenceform n 表格fill in the form形态vivid form / written formv 形成产生出现无—有reform v 改革luck / lucky 偶然正Luckily, ……转折Luckily, my teacher was there to help me.in time 及时（necessary）on time 准时（requirement）in no time / immediately 立刻word 单词（具体）说话（抽象）as good as one’s word 说到做到in action / in word 在行为/言语上Action speaks louder than word. words = sentence 句子（具体）choice / option 选择情景作文群体活动teamwork efforts个人经历personal choiceWe realized we owed our success to our teamwork efforts.I was satisfied to myself for making the correct choice.home 家抽象概念house 家庭family / household 具体The _house_ awoke.idea / opinion / belief / mind / view 观点lesson 课程（教学）教训（负过错）启示（相关内容：语句/动作）I was grateful for this _gift_. practical /effective method实用的（结果）flexible / convenient method 方便（过程）proper behavior 正当/合适的行为language and behavior 言行举止behave yourselfclass n 级别first-classclassify v 分级classification n comment n/v 旁观评论客观difference / variety ndifferent / various adjDifferent people obtain various opinions.detailed / relevant information information n 新valuen 价值inner value / sth of great valuev 珍惜cherish / treasure treasure the moment / friendship valuable v+able 宝贵的precious valueless n+less 没用的useless invaluable adj 无价的正强调invaluable friendship / experiences目标aim / goal / target / purposenote n 便条笔记notice n 通知告示Xpart n 部分（整体）参加take part in / be a part of itpart v 分开separateThough we might be parted for now, …position 位置职位secretly 不被发现privately 私下独自situation 境况外部关系condition 条件内部状况knowledge and skills 知识技能skillful = experienced adj 有经验的in high spirit 情绪高涨in low spirit 情绪低落优点advantage / strength / merit strong points / shining points缺点disadvantage / drawback shortcoming / limitation / weak pointscatch one’s eye 注意到look at sb in one’s eye 注视（感情）sb pay attention to sthsb focus attention on sthsth draw sb’s attention 中sth attract sb’s attention 正attentively / carefully 全神贯注的Our activity started with a detailed introduction from the teacher on what to do. Everyone listened attentively and learned much practical knowledge and skills.case / situation 情况in case 万一+ 可能性possibility Take the umbrella with you in case it rains.For example, …标志词（不重要）×阅读理解中选择具体例子错误率高Take sth as an example. 过渡句face sth = be faced with sth_Faced_ with the challenging situation, he never fails to show his courage. favorable / beneficial 有好处的line 列row 行line v 排列排队line up (queue) package / parcel / packpack v 包裹wrap (unpack / unwrap)open / unwrap the gift / package fold v 折叠unfold v 展开view n 景象v 观看watch review n/v 评论总结回顾mind your own businessduring the course of 在…过程中during the day 强调具体发生动作on the day 强调最终结果gift 礼物present 天赋talent harm 内在性质His mother’s death was _hard_ to the child.style 类型风格in a fashionable stylemanner 礼仪in a good / bad mannerpaper 报纸论文试卷school / campussound v 听起来+adjappear v 看上去+adj (seem) smell v 闻起来+ adjaccident 事故不可抗力car accidentincident 突发事件人力school tasks / assignments = homework状态副词-ly 描述动作结构副词描述文章结构标志词even / especially 递进强调+重要ever 曾经强调极端概念the best everNever ever do I want to see you.still 仍然重复性结构hard adj 困难的硬的努力的life is hard / hard cover / hard workadv 努力with great effortshardly adv 几乎不部分否定—几乎不hardly / barely / rarely / seldomfew / little / less完全否定—“n”开头极端no / not / none / no one / nobody nothing / never / neither / nor / nowherein the middle of nowhere 荒凉茫然right / correct / proper / appropriate 正确wrong / incorrect / improper / inappropriate错误serious 严肃的认真的（正式对待）严重的serious disease 负goods n 货物simply / just / only 仅仅转折special adj 正special moment unusual adj 中unusual experience once名词一次for once / twice / three times连词一旦+ 条件if副词曾经与现在相反(now) naturally 自然而然graduallyold persons / the elderslight 重量heavyslight 程度slight difference normal 正常common / ordinary 平凡empty 容器strength –stronglength –longlong for sth = expect sth 渴望casual 随意的formal 正式的coldly / coldness 冷酷负finally / eventually 最后最终新生事物类说明文标志—优越性/局限new / in the near future / dream come true / traditional / conventionalObviously, / Clearly, / Evidently, + 结论a quiet person 中/ a silent person 负lonely 孤单寂寞负alone 独自一个人中polite 下—上(manner)good –bad / poorpoor performance / foodsth left an impression deep in my heartin general 总的来说generallypopular / in fashion 流行out of fashion / old-fashioned 过时smooth 平整顺利rough 粗糙坎坷tough = difficult 困难again / also / too / as well 重复hold sth firmly = seizeI firmly believe thatinstead of 而不是转折……instead 强调be aware of sth = notice / realize sth sb became aware of the importance of sthincrease one’s awareness to sth share the awareness of sth with sbtense atmosphere / situation nervous mind转折but / however / though / although / yetinstead of / rather than 而不是despite / in spite of 尽管unless / or / otherwise 除非……否则luckily / fortunately 情节转折因果原因+句子because / since / as / ,+for原因+短语because of / owing to due to结果so / therefore / thus目的in order to / so that / so as to as 因为because伴随when（同时发生）正如as the experts suggest虽然tired as we were （倒装）if + 主将从现/ 虚拟语气as if / as though + 虚假even if / even though 即使+不重要可忽略的半句：即使、尽管、无论、虽然until / till + 结果直到……not …until + 条件直到……才before / after 先后顺序v and v 连续动作（先后）while 对比除此以外（应用文写作）Also, / Besides, / What’s more, 口语化In addition, / Last but not least, 书面化than 比较in 状态范围领域（整体性）for 目的I bought a book for him. 主观to 对象I gave the book to him. 客观on 主题（关于）持续with 伴随（在……之下）by 方式（通过……）off 不在原处call off / put off / set offup 完全全部spend up my moneyup to youover 全过程一遍take over / go overover the mountainthink overout 没有run out / out of work beyond 超出范围/ within 在范围内at 确切位置arrive at / stare at / at 8away 距离keep awaythrough 强调全过程across 强调两点位置转换around / round / about 到处down 情绪低落from 来源of 补充内容along 线路during 全过程具体动作。
高中生英语积累笔记摘抄(3篇)
第1篇一、词汇积累1. 日常用语- Good morning/afternoon/evening! 早上好/下午好/晚上好！- How are you? 你好吗？- Fine, thank you. And you? 我很好，谢谢第2篇一、词汇积累1. 基础词汇- adj. (形容词)- comfortable：舒适的- interesting：有趣的- beautiful：美丽的- important：重要的- difficult：困难的- happy：快乐的- sad：悲伤的- n. (名词)- family：家庭- school：学校- friend：朋友- time：时间- day：一天- night：夜晚- life：生活- v. (动词)- do：做- say：说- read：阅读- write：写- listen：听- watch：看- learn：学习2. 进阶词汇- adj. (形容词)- enthusiastic：热情的 - creative：有创造力的 - ambitious：有雄心的 - patient：有耐心的- independent：独立的 - optimistic：乐观的 - n. (名词)- opportunity：机会- challenge：挑战- success：成功- progress：进步- knowledge：知识- experience：经验- v. (动词)- achieve：实现- improve：改进- develop：发展- solve：解决- understand：理解- contribute：贡献3. 短语积累- 固定搭配- make a decision：做决定- take care of：照顾- look after：照顾- get along with：与……相处 - put off：推迟- 常用短语- in order to：为了- instead of：代替- because of：因为- in front of：在……前面- on the other hand：另一方面二、语法积累1. 时态- 现在时：I am studying English.- 过去时：I studied English yesterday.- 将来时：I will study English tomorrow.- 现在完成时：I have studied English for two years.- 过去完成时：I had studied English before the exam.- 将来完成时：I will have studied English for three years by then. 2. 语态- 被动语态：The book was written by the author.- 感官动词的被动语态：I saw him yesterday.- 使役动词的被动语态：They made him the leader.3. 句子结构- 简单句：I like reading books.- 并列句：I like reading books, and she likes watching movies.- 复合句：Although I like reading books, she prefers watching movies.4. 从句- 状语从句：When I get home, I will do my homework.- 名词性从句：What he said was very interesting.- 定语从句：The book that you gave me is very interesting.三、阅读理解1. 主旨大意- 确定文章的中心思想。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
1
1-1学习词汇注意的问题
1、单词的英文解释和例句
例：The oppressed ____ freedom. [ A ]
A. demand
B. require
C. request
oppress →op+press
press 挤，压→pressure 压力 op=against
因此oppressed 为“压迫”的意思→oppressed 被压迫的 the+形容词表示一类人
“被压迫的人____自由”那么ABC 选项应选择什么？
这题就暴露出一个问题：我们是按汉语记单词的，ABC 的中文意思中都有“要求”的意思。
但是汉语只能大概的描述英文，不能百分之百的精准的解释英文。
我们看一下ABC 的英文解释：
demand ：ask for firmly, unwilling to accept a refusal.强烈地要求，并不情愿接受拒绝
require ：the ruler set a rule with the expectation that it will be obeyed.统治者期望自己的命令规定会被遵守。
（如老师要求你完成作业，老板要求你完成工作） request ：ask for politely.礼貌地要求 单词的例句有两点好处：
1）一个好的例句是最能准确说明单词最本源含义的句子 2）给写作文的时候打下扎实的基础
“不满意”怎么说呢？第一想到satisfied →content 大部分单词我们只能达到认识（第一重境界），却达不到会运用（第二重境界）
2、单词的熟词生意
late “死亡”
house “坐落于”，如Beijing neworiental school is housed in Haidian district.
tell “我能够看出来”正确的英文怎么说？I can tell.
brave “勇敢地面对”，如国歌中的“冒着敌人的炮火，前进，前进，前进进”brave the enemies' gunfire, march on, march on, march on, on, on...
3、单词的发音
语音的基础是一个单词一个单词地读
postcard 名信片，我们对单词的发音，并不敏感，只对单词的拼写和中文意思敏感 pig ，第一反应就是“猪”
建设每天花5分钟时间跟读单词，读准后再背单词，这样单词才会背得立体
1-2词汇的记忆方法
一、形象化记忆词汇的方法
人们对于图像的存储速度要远远高于对于语言符号的存储速度。
检验一下我们的“智商”！！开始记忆：
一把大汤勺，四个高脚杯，湖水，肥皂，鸡蛋，面包，玫瑰花，云雾，江河湖海
这是很难记忆下来的，如果我们给一些简单的图片，如下：
把这个理论用到单词的记忆上，就可以把枯燥的单词转变成一幅
幅生动的画面。
(1)chill 名词“寒冷”，动词“使寒冷”. 把C 想象成天空一弯明月，hill ，小山的意思
(2)image 名词“形象，印象”
ma 妈妈的感觉，age 年龄，上了年纪，把i 想象成一根红红的蜡烛
(3)spark名词“火花”
park公园，把s想象成“嘶嘶嘶”的声音，夜晚的公园，响起“嘶嘶嘶”的声音，一堆浪漫的年轻人点燃烟火
(4)snowflake “雪花，雪片”
snow雪花，f想象成飞
(5)trail名词“足迹，轨迹”
rail铁轨，t想象成“她”，你们留下爱的足迹
(6)isolate动词“使隔绝，使孤立”
Solate如此的晚，i想象成一根红红的蜡烛，“夜已深，还有什么人，让你这样醒着数伤痕”
“一读，二拼，三变形，四拆，五分，六开屏”
一读：就是所谓的谐音，就是根据读音联想到单词的意思。
nutrition名词“营养品”
谐音“牛吹神”，现在的很多营养品广告吹牛吹得很神。
curse动词“诅咒”
谐音“克死”，一个寡妇把他的老公给克死了。
pest名词“害虫”
谐音“拍死他”
二拼：
就是利用汉语拼音来记单词。
schedule= s+che（车）+ du（堵）+ le（了）
有一天你开着车在北京的道路上行驶，你骂了一句，“哇！死车又堵啦！”，车堵了我们必然要改变我们的“时间表”。
leisure=lei（累）+ sure（一定）
你太累了，也该歇歇了
三变形：
很多单词并不是那么规整，需要进行简单的变形。
garage名词“修车厂”
g想成哥哥+(c)ar小汽车+age 年龄，有一天，哥哥有一辆小汽车，而这个小汽车又上了年纪，那么送哪去？修车厂
gloom名词“忧愁，郁闷”
=gl（隔离）+(r)oom，有一天，你非典了，被隔离在一个小房间里，所以你一定很郁闷。
四拆：
就是把单词拆分成两个或更多个有效的部分。
先来一个：大一的时候，你过着浑浑噩噩的生活，买了一堆盘（disc）来看，看完了觉得不爽，又搞来一个IP地址疯狂地上网，聊了很多的网友，你不过瘾，又开通了一个热线（line）电话，开始聊天，这时你需要一样东西来管制一下，这种东西就叫做“纪律”
discipline
再来一个：有一天，你过生日，唱完了生日歌，拔了蜡烛，切了蛋糕（奶油的cream），突然间窜出来一条蛇，你会“啊”的一声尖叫（肯定不会有哪个女孩会说“哇，好可爱！”）scream，尖叫最后来一个：fate，e呢？是眼睛，fat，肥胖，你每天对着镜子看着你一天天肥胖的体形，你慨叹一声“唉，就就是我的命啊！”fate
1-3（接上）词汇的记忆方法
五分：
很多单词去掉一个或两个字母，成为你认识的单词，就要用五分的方法。
drown动词“使淹死，使溺死”
如果把r去掉，down表示向下的意思，把r想象成一个人。
一个人缓缓地沉了下去，也就是淹死了。
poise动词“使平衡”
把i去掉，pose表示摆姿势的意思，i把它想成一根红红的蜡烛。
一个走钢索的人，他摆了一个平衡的姿势，他的头顶上摆着一根
2。