新课标高考英语语法定语从句高考真题例析

新课标高考英语语法定语从句高考真题例析
定语从句(一)
考点1正确选择关系词
1．We’ll reach the sales targets in a month we set at the beginning of the year.(2014·重庆，9)
答案which/that
解析考查定语从句。

句意为：再有一个月我们就能完成年初制订的销售目标了。

which/that指代targets，在从句中充当set的宾语。

2．I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.(2014·湖南，31)
答案when
解析考查定语从句。

先行词为the day，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when。

3．The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.(2014·安徽，22)
答案which/that
解析考查定语从句。

先行词是the exact year，定语从句中的动词spent是及物动词，后面缺少宾语，故填which/that。

4．A company profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.(2014·山东，10)
答案whose
解析考查定语从句。

句意为：国内市场利润萎缩的公司可能会寻求国外市场的机会。

空格后名词profits 和先行词company形成所属关系，故应填whose。

5．Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position.(2014·陕西，13)
答案that
解析考查定语从句。

先行词是information，指物，关系词在从句中作及物动词have的宾语，且先行词有不定代词all修饰，故关系词只能用that。

6．Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths.(2013·湖南，21)
答案who
解析考查定语从句。

句意为：快乐和成功总是会眷顾那些善于认清自己的优点和特长的人。

分析句子成分后可知，“ are good at recognizing their own strengths”是定语从句修饰先行词those，从句中缺少主语，指人，所以用who引导。

名师点拨
做此类题的关键是判断先行词和分析句子成分。

若句中缺少主语、宾语、表语、定语，则用关系代词；
若句中缺少状语，则用关系副词。

然后再根据先行词的特点确定具体用哪一个关系代(副)词。

考点2where引导定语从句
7．Students should involve themselves in community activities they can gain experience for growth.(2014·福建，31)
答案where
解析考查定语从句。

关系副词where引导定语从句，修饰先行词community activities，且在从句中作地点状语。

8．The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work a good impression is a must.(2014·江苏，22)
答案where
解析考查定语从句。

句意为：这本书在日常交际中给予我很大的帮助，尤其是在第一印象至关重要的工作中。

根据句意知关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。

9．It’s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.(2009·福建，24)
答案where
解析考查定语从句。

先行词是situation，指物，亦可指地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。

名师点拨
借助于“句子成分分析法”，确定先行词，分析从句中若缺少地点状语，则用where来引导。

注意表示抽象地点的先行词有：case，point，situation，condition，activity，job，race，position，stage，degree等。

考点3which和as引导非限制性定语从句
10．Until now，we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children， is quite unexpected.(2014·四川，4)
答案which
解析考查非限制性定语从句。

此题考查which指代整个主句内容引导非限制性定语从句，which在定语从句中作主语。

句意为：到现在为止，我们已经为那些贫穷的孩子募捐到了50 000英镑，这是完全没有预料到的。

11． is often the case with children，Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.(2013·陕西，16)
答案As
解析句意为：就像其他小孩子一样，医生来的时候Amy好多了。

as is often the case通常就是这样，此处as引导定语从句。

12．We have launched another man-made satellite， is announced in today’s newspaper.(2013·天津，6)
答案which
解析考查非限制性定语从句。

which在此引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子。

名师点拨
as和which引导的定语从句的特点以及两者的区别：as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于句首、句中、句尾，
而which从句只能置于被修饰句子的后面；which可在从句中作实义动词的主语，as不可；主、从句语义不一致时，只能用which；as含有“正如”之意，which没有。

考点4“名词/代词/数词等＋of＋which/whom”引导定语从句
13．English is a language shared by several diverse cultures， (每一种文化) uses it differently.(2014·天津，12)
答案each of which
解析考查定语从句。

前后两个分句间无连词，由标点符号“逗号”可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，对先行词diverse cultures进行补充说明，又由后面谓语动词uses可知，应填each of which。

14．The children， (所有的孩子) had played the whole day long，were worn out.(2013·浙江，5)
答案all of whom
解析考查定语从句。

先行词为children，故需要用who(m)来指代，再根据汉语提示即可确定答案。

15．John invited about 40 people to his wedding， (大多数人) are family members.(2013·重庆，24)
答案most of whom
解析考查定语从句。

句意为：约翰大约邀请了40人参加他的婚礼，其中大多数是他的家人。

先行词是40 people，指人；再根据句意可知用关系代词whom。

名师点拨
根据标点符号和有无连词，判断是非限制性定语从句还是并列句。

如果句与句之间有并列连词and，but 或者分号，则是并列句；如果是逗号，且逗号后的内容是对前面内容的补充说明，则是非限制性定语从句，应该使用关系词。

然后用“代入”法，把关系代词换成先行词，其关系就一目了然了。

如上面1题中each of which ＝ each of the cultures；2题中all of whom ＝ all of the children。

考点5定语从句与状语从句的比较
16．The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.(2013·浙江，13)
答案where
解析考查定语从句。

分析句子结构可知， visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built为定语从句，a viewing platform为先行词，从句缺少地点状语，应当由关系副词where引导。

17．If you happen to get lost in the wild，you’d better stay you are and wait for help.(2012·四川，10)
答案where
解析考查地点状语从句。

where引导的地点状语表明主句动作发生的地点，即：你最好呆在你现在所在的地方。

18．It was the middle of the night my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.(2014·江西，35)
答案when
解析考查状语从句。

句意为：当我的父亲把我叫醒并告诉我看足球赛的时候，那时是午夜。

本句中it 指代“时间”，when引导的是一个时间状语从句。

名师点拨
做此类题的关键是分析从句中是否有先行词。

若有，则为定语从句；若没有，则是状语从句、强调句等。

考点6定语从句与强调句的比较
19．It was the culture，rather than the language， made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.(2014·福建，29)
答案that
解析考查强调句。

句意为：是风俗文化而不是语言使他很难适应国外的新环境。

这里强调主语部分the culture，rather than the language，所以用that引导。

名师点拨
区分定语从句还是强调句，看从句中是否缺少句子成分，如果去掉it is/was...that/who...，结构仍完整，则为强调句，反之，则是定语从句。

定语从句(二)
Ⅰ.高考变式——用适当的关系词填空
1．I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week， my classmates recommended to me.(2014·北京，26)答案which
解析考查定语从句。

此处Sherlock Holmes是先行词，作recommended的宾语；又因为是非限制性定语从句，故填which。

2．I didn’t become a serious climber until the fifth grade， I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.(2014·浙江，5)
答案when
解析考查定语从句。

上句说“我直到五年级才成为一个热衷攀爬的人”，后面句子就是在五年级这个时间，作者去树上把一个风筝取了下来。

the fifth grade为先行词，作后面句子的时间状语，故用when引导。

3．Many countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected.(2013·北京，27)
答案where
解析考查定语从句。

句意为：目前，许多国家正在建立一些国家公园，动物和植物在那儿可以得到保护。

先行词为national parks，且在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。

4．There is no simple answer， is often the case in science.(2013·山东，31)
答案as
解析考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。

as is often the case为固定搭配，意为“情况通常是这样”。

as引导非限制性定语从句，指代整句话的内容，可置于句首、句中或句尾。

5．When I arrived，Bryan took me to see the house I would be staying.(2013·新课标全国Ⅱ，4)
答案where
解析句意为：当我到达的时候，拜伦带我去看了我将要住的房子。

此处先行词是the house，从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导定语从句。

6．Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012， made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.(2013·安徽，29)
答案which
解析句意为：莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这使得中国人多年来的一个梦想成为现实。

which引导非限制性定语从句，指代逗号前的全部内容。

7．The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those lives were affected.(2013·福建，27)
答案whose
解析句意为：这本书透过生活受到地震影响的人们的视角讲述地震的故事。

本题的先行词是those表示人，定语从句的主语是lives，与先行词构成所属关系，应使用关系代词whose引导。

8．The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China， he remembers starting as early as his childhood.(2013·江苏，32)
答案which
解析考查定语从句。

句意为：世界银行的总裁说他喜欢中国，这一点他记得早在他的童年时期就开始了。

which指代“喜爱中国”这件事。

9．He wrote a letter he explained what had happened in the accident.(2013·江西，33)
答案where
解析考查定语从句的引导词。

句意为：他写了一封信，在信中他解释了事故中发生的事情。

定语从句中主谓宾俱全，缺少状语，因此填where，在本句中相当于in which。

10．He may win the competition，in case he is likely to get into the national team.(2013·辽宁，34)
答案which
解析考查非限制性定语从句。

in which case意为“在这种情况下”。

Ⅱ.语法填空
体裁：记叙文话题：节假活动词数：179
Wife：It’s Friday today.How do you want to spend the evening，darling?
Husband：Well，why not go 1 (dance)？We haven’t done that 2 a long time.
Wife：Oh，to tell the truth，I don’t really feel like going dancing tonight.I had a hard day and I’m sort of tired.What’s more，I 3 (suppose)to go rock climbing with my colleague Dorothy tomorrow morning.
Husband：Well，in that 4 ，we could go to the new movie Life of Pi，by that world-famous director Ang Lee.I really like his work，5 will stop showing the day after tomorrow.
Wife：Oh，we go to the movies 6 much.Can’t we do something different for a 7 ，honey?
Husband：Well，do you have any suggestions?
Wife：Let me see.How do you feel about asking some friends over to play cards?
Husband：It’s OK with me， 8 we don’t have any beer or anything to eat at home.
Wife：Well， 9 is better to call Juliet and ask her and that neighbor of 10 ，David，to come over，and I’ll go to the store and buy some food and drinks.
Husband：OK.That’s a good idea.
1．答案dancing
解析go dancing去跳舞。

2．答案for
解析句意为：我们很长时间没这么做了。

3．答案am supposed
解析be supposed to(按习惯、安排等)应该。

4．答案case
解析in that case固定搭配。

5．答案which
解析which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰work。

6．答案too
解析句意为：我们看电影太多了。

too much太多。

7．答案change
解析句意为：我们能不能换个不同的事情呢？for a change 改变一下。

8．答案but
解析句意为：我还好，但是家里没有啤酒也没有吃的了。

表示转折关系，用but。

9．答案it
解析固定句型：it is better to do...。

10．答案hers
解析neighbor of hers她的邻居，双重所有格。