高三阅读理解

高三第十讲阅读理解笔记

重要性：40分

可行性：属于掌握了一定单词，句型，技巧就可提分的题型。。

强调：单词句型是根本。但读懂每个单词，句型不是做对题目的必要前提。技巧可在一定程度上补充阅读能力的不足。

技巧一：分析文段

分为两个步骤：

一：简化句子及文段内容，分析句子主要成分，掌握大意即可，不需死抠某个不清楚的词语具体方法为：找出主语（句子描述的对象,是什么/是谁）

谓语（用来描述主语，是什么/做什么/什么样) ，必为动词

宾语（谓语动词的承受者）

必要的介词，宾补。

例句

The girls on the Wesleyan Academy softball were waiting for their next turns at bat during practice, stamping their feet to stay warm.

练习（找主干）

1.Those sweaty basketball players just finished their daily practice.

2.Before the punishing marathon race,the track coach from the University of Texas wisely gave his team’s runners an inspiring talk about unwavering determination.

3.Gathering last evening,the parents of the 12th grader students delightfully recalled fond memories and passionately declared words of blessing and with many other who had gathered for this splendid occasion,honored the seniors who will graduate in but one short week.

技巧二：重点把握逻辑关系词

掌握几组表示不同逻辑关系的连词

因果关系词：because, as a result of, therefore, since

转折关系词: but, however, nevertheless,whereas ,nevertheless

让步关系词：though, although,even though

解释关系词：that’s to say, in other word

条件关系词：if, unless, once, in case of

题型分类及技巧

阅读理解按题材一共分为四类：事实细节题，词义猜测题，推理判断题，主旨大意题

题型一：事实细节题

定义：文章中心是论点，事实细节是论据或主要理由。

题型特点：常对文章中的某个词语，句子，段落等细节进行提问。提问的特殊关系词有：what,who ,which,where。

解题原则：重视原文上下文及全篇的逻辑关系，绝不能主观臆断。

题型：一般分两种。第一种是直接理解题，在原文中可以直接找到答案(4个W)。

第二种是词义转换题，正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的转换。做此类试题一定要抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物、发展过程和结局等环节，对提问方式，近义词等有一定的掌握。所选答案一定要符合原文，切不可望文生义。这类题型的主要提问方式常为：

①Which of the following is true/NOT true in the passage?

②Which of the following statements is NOT discussed/mentioned in the passage?

③Which is the right order of the events given in the passage?

④All the following statements are NOT true except .

【解题方法】抓住提问中的关键字眼，明白题目到底问的是什么，再去文中定位相关内容。仔细阅读相关细节的材料内容，一般可以在短文中直接找到或稍加归纳就可以找到正确答案。

注意排除下列干扰项：

(1)扩缩范围

文章为了表达得准确严密，很注意对范围的限定。有的是通过加上相应的词语限制，如涉及到数量时常用many,almost all,nearly,more than,over,only a few,normally等限制.有些干扰项是通过改变或去掉限定词语，甚至是扩大或缩小了语言范围。

(2)偷换概念

命题者设计试题时往往把原文的概念偷换成另一个不同的概念。望文生义是造成错误的主要原因。

(3)正误并存

在一干扰项中，某个句子或词语是正确的，其他分句或词语是错误的或表达不全面，正误并存，命题者借此以假乱真。要排除这类干扰项，只要一个选项局部有误或选项不全面，都属排除的干扰项。

例题

The human body is a living machine, and like all machines, it needs fuel to supply it with energy. That is the food we eat. But how much do we need to stay healthy? The energy value of food is usually measured in calories. A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of water by 1℃. The number of calories people need per day is different, as the chart shows……

Which statement is TRUE according to the chart above?

A. A child aged 8 requires more than 3 times the amount of calories that a baby does.

B. A boy aged 16 requires nearly twice the amount of calories that a boy aged 8 does.

C. An office worker requires the same amount of calories per day as a woman feeding a baby does

D. A farmer requires nearly 1.5 times the amount of calories that an office worker does.

练习（2018高考全国卷一英语第一题）