食品专业英语 lesson 4

Lesion 4 who strategy on food safety (1)

——biotechnology and its implication to foods

课题引入1、复习上节课的内容，结合食品业和社会的发展前景和出现的食品安全案例，说明学习世界卫生组织食品安全策略的必要性。

一、摘要的重点翻译学习

摘要是全文核心内容的总结，应该仔细研究（精读）。所以，应仔细阅读，领会作者表达的正确含义。一般按照以下步骤进行阅读翻译：

1、通读整个摘要部分；

2、找出表达大概意思的层次；

3、逐个句子或者按照表达层次的结构，分析主语、谓语及其他表语、补语、定语等成分；

4、翻译分析好结构的句子，组织语言，表达连贯

Summary

WHO has been actively participating in the development of principles and recommendation for the safety assessment of GM foods derived from genetically modified organisms (GMO).‖The result developed in the course of various expert consultations from the basis for guidelines on national levels and are presently being incorporated into internationally recognized standards. The approach based on the principle of “substantial equivalence” proved to be adequate for the safety assessment of the first generation of GM crops. ‖Nevertheless, the concept is subject to ongoing criticism. Contemporary activities have to take these arguments into account and contribute to the development of science-based adjustments and improvements. ‖The next generation of genetically modified foods will be crops with improved nutritional value, thus crossing the borderline to “functional foods” and “nutraceuticals”. ‖Future food safety assessment strategies will have to cope with the more complex metabolic changes caused by the genetic modification. Evaluations will increasingly have to consider the impact of a GM food on the overall nutritional status taking into account the different needs in developed and developing countries. ‖Labeling of GM foods, although not related to food safety, can be used as a tool to increase the transparency of food production processes and thus, in conjunction with traceability strategies, to contribute indirectly to food safety in general.

一直以来，世界卫生组织积极致力于转基因生物来源的转基因食品安全的评价的规则和标准的制定。这个结果在各种专家磋商会议中得以发展并形成了国家水平指导方针的基础，目前正编入国际公认的标准中。以实质等同性为原则的安全评价方法对于第一代转基因作物的评价来讲是适宜的。然而，实质等同性原则也不断遭受着批评，人们不得不考虑到这些争议并将它用于对实质等同性原则进行科学的修正和提高。第二代转基因食品具有更高的营养价值，它介于功能性食品和疗效食品之间。未来的食品安全评价战略不得不面对由于基因修饰引起的更加复杂的变化。在进行安全评价时，人们将不得不转基因食品对营养体系的冲击。同时也要考虑到发达国家和发展中国家面对冲击时的不同要求。转基因食品的标签虽然不与食品安全直接相关，但是它可以用来作为提高食品生产透明度的工具。因此与食品跟踪战略有关，从而间接有助于大众食品的安全。

二、正文的重点的翻译（时间：30分钟）

Introduction

Within two decades the application of recombinant DNA techniques in the production of food ingredient has developed from the level of basic research into a commercial business. From the very beginning, development and use of genetic engineering have been accompanied by strict regulations. These regulatory requirements cover the contained use of genetically modified organisms (GMO), their deliberate release into the environment as well as the placing on the market of products containing or consisting of GMO.

在近二十年来，DNA重组技术在食品成分生产中的应用已经从基础研究阶段发展到商业化生产阶段。伴随着基因工程的诞生，基因工程的发展与应用就有着研究的控制。这些控制要求涵盖了转基因生物的全部应用过程，它们释放进入环境的产物以及主要或部分由转基因生物生产的产品在超市中的摆放方法。

So far there is no report on any adverse effects on humans resulting from the consumption of foods produced by application of recombinant DNA techniques. Nevertheless, the nature of the subject (ethical issues) and the speed of the development elicited fear among consumers.

到目前为止还没有由于消费基因重组技术生产的食品而导致人类副作用的任何报道。然而，基因重组的伦理学问题和发展速度还是引起了消费者的恐慌Potential hazards of the new technology are automatically projected into risks. In most developed countries the willingness to accept such (herbicide-tolerant, insect-resistant crops and products thereof) was of no obvious advantage to regular consumers.

每项新技术的潜在危害都会自然而然的给人类带来风险。在大多数发达国家，人们接受这个风险的愿望很低（或，人们不愿接受这个风险）因为第一代转基因食品没有给普通消费者带来任何好处。

This paper describes the role of WHO in the development of principles, recommendations and guidelines for the safety assessment of foods produced by means of recombinant DNA techniques and outlines the challenges to be met in future activities.

本文主要描述了世界卫生组织在制定由基因重组技术生产的食品安全评价规则标准和指南过程中承担的角色，并概述了世界卫生组织在未来将面临的挑战。