中石油职称英语-共49页
中石化 职称英语 教材
第三部分UNIT 1 Composition of Petroleum石油的组成Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, toxic, flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights, and other organic compounds, that are found in geologic formation s beneath the Earth’s surface.. Petroleum is recovered mostly through oil drilling. It is refined and separated, most easily by boiling point, into a large number of consumer products, from gasoline and kerosene to asphalt and chemical reagent s used to make plastics and pharmaceutical s.石油或原油是天然形成的、有毒的、可燃性的液体，是含有不同分子量的碳氢化合物以及其它有机化合物的复杂混合物。
它是在地球表面下的地址层中发现的。
石油大部分是通过石油钻探开采得到的。
石油很容易按不同馏程进行炼制和分离成为大量的消费产品，从汽油、煤油到沥青以及用作制造塑料和药品的化学试剂。
In its strictest sense, petroleum includes only crude oil, but in common usage it includes both crude oil and natural gas. Both crude oil and natural gas are predominantly a mixture of hydrocarbons. Under surface pressure and temperature conditions, the lighter hydrocarbons methane, ethane, propane and butane occur as gases, while the heavier ones from pentane and up are in the form of liquids or solids. However in the underground oil reservoir the proportion of gas and liquid varies depending on the subsurface conditions, and on the phase diagram of the petroleum mixture.严格意义上说，石油仅仅包含原油，但是在惯用法上，它包含石油和天然气。
中国石油天然气集团公司职称英语通用选读练习题
中国石油天然气集团公司职称英语通用选读练习题（01-40）说明：15、16、17、18、28、29、30、31暂无Lesson 11. It has to be a growth from ___, not a graft from ___.A with… withoutB within… withoutC without… withD without…within2. She is silently exhorting us to keep ___ this pioneering spirit without which every other effort will be meaningless.A liveB livingC aliveD aliving3. ___ their superb track record, we can expect OIL and ONGC to bring to their operations the finest in terms of managerial, technical and interpretative skills.A GivingB To giveC GiveD Given4. What is needed is the great leap forward, a dynamic surge to close the gap and thus ___ a serious economic danger.A pull offB take offC ward offD turn off5. This is ___ a distinguished 19 century French mineralogist calls the passion of the pioneer.A thatB whatC whichD where6. It is important that we respond to this summons for, quite simply, it is a summons ___ greatness.A inB onC toD for7. The nation can rest assured that the oil industry is fully aware of its responsibility and is ___ to meet the challenge.A getting upB turning upC making upD gearing up8. It has, through the decades, ___ for technical excellence.A strivenB striveC to striveD strivingLesson 21. One hundred of the stamps sold to the public became ___ as “inverts”, for the plane was printed upside down.A famousB knownC fameD know2. A single such stamp has been sold for ___ $6,500.A as many asB as few toC as much asD as little to3. He reached ___ the new sheets and handed on to Robey.A onB toC byD for4. He looked at other sheets and found that ___ was well centered.A allB everyC bothD none5. Then he told his friends ___ his discovery, and they, too, looked in the city’s post offices.A ofB forC toD in6. Not being a rich man, Robey decided to cash __ on his good fortune.A forB inC ofD by7. No one else wanted to ___ on the sheet for fear that Robey’s might not be the only upside-down sheet.A betB tellC bidD think8. Th e collector’s heart stood still as he saw that the sheet which ___ him had inverted centers.A had offeredB have been offeredC had been offeredD have offered9. No owner can ___ the thrill that W.T. Robey had on that day in 1918 when he made America’s luckiest stamp find!A beatB winC getD match10.Some of these “upside-down” airmail stamps are now ___ over $6,000.A worthB worthyC valueD valuelessLesson 31. The assumption ___ human cloning rests is that all genetic cells still contain exact copies of the original set of genetic instructions.A in whichB on whichC under whichD by which2. In the spring of 1996, a book was published ___the supposedly true story of an elderly millionaire.A toldB tells B telling D to tell3. People began to realize that we are ___ the threshold of a new age in the biosciences.A ofB onC inD by4. But some distinguished biologists offered their opinion ___ the book was pure fantasy.A whatB whichC thatD where5. But it is still a far cry ___ the much more complicated experiment on the carbon copy of human beings.A inB onC byD from6. Although it may look simple on paper, it isn’t ___.A in a wayB in practiceC as yetD for purposes7.You can cause it to ___ a duplicate of yourself.A grow intoB grow upC get intoD get up8. They pointed out that cell researchers simply do not yet know enough to ___ such a feat.A pull onB pull offC pull inD pull down9.It is more than genetic make-up ___ makes an individual.A whatB whichC thatD when10. Fortunately, cloning research is not a technique for reproductive ___.A objectivesB purposesC supposesD subjectivesLesson 41.Likewise, the Royal Family is supported ___ public funds.A onB toC fromD with2. Its recommendations led to the creation of the Press Complaints Commission, ___ the press was given the chance to regulate itself without the need for a privacy law.A in whichB by whichC under whichD with which3. Politicians and others are accountable ___ their live s.A toB forC withD in4. The Government will probably take no action ___ it receives a report from a committee chaired by Sir David Calcutt, due in January 1993.A beforeB afterC forD until5. This proposal would have made ___ unlawful to photograph people on private property or record their conversations without permission.A thatB itC toD which6. Hence, some editors say they are justified in ___ private lives to uncover any faults.A pry intoB prying intoC pry upD prying up7. It is also considering the ways ___ the press has invaded the private lives of the famous.A in whichB under whichC for whichD with which8. But a general law protecting privacy was ___.A declinedB deniedC rejectedD refused9. It also ___ a new criminal offence of physical intrusion to obtain information for publication.A supposedB proposedC closedD choosed10.Some sections of the media justify their intrusion ___ saying it is in the public interest.A byB inC forD onLesson 51.If one of their new jets ___ you, just start shooting and hope that you hit him.A hitB hittingC hitsD to hit2. ___ of us was thinking the same thing.A EveryB BothC AllD Each3. That’s ___ we had been told.A whenB whatC whereD which4.It would streak down to ___ in the mountains below.A flashB smashC finishD wash5. Then we went back to the ___ of getting home.A businessB questionC matterD problem6. Did his guns jam ___ the last second?A onB atC inD under7. ___ the 3-inch-square chaff chute, I could see the enemy shells exploding just below us.A PassB FromC ThroughD On8. A guy’s chances of getting home ___ good.A wasB beC isD were9.The enemy had a fighter so fast we couldn’t even hold a sight ___ it.A atB forC onD by10.Looking ___ the other waist gunner’s shoulder, I saw the enemy jet.A onB overC byD under11.If that shell had hit us half a second sooner, it ____ the pilot.A might hitB hitC have hitD might have hitLesson 61. One of the major concerns of students in any speech class ___ stage fright.A areB beC isD were2. The listener receives the communicated message and may provide feedback ___ the speaker.A withB toC forD of3.Effective speakers adjust their voices to the larger audience and work at ___ physical mannerism and verbal habits.A avoiding to distractB to avoid distractingC to avoid to distractD avoiding distracting4. You will take a big step toward overcoming stage fright if you concentrate on ___ your audience.A communicating toB communicate withC communicating withD communicate to5. The need for effective public speaking will almost certainly touch you ___ in your life.A sometimeB any timesC sometimesD anytime6. You tailor your message ___ your audience.A ofB toC inD with7. Interference is anything ___ impedes the communication of a message.A whichB whatC thatD who8.Your speech class will you an opportunity to gain confidence and make your nervousness work for you ___ against you.A more thanB less thanC would rather thanD rather than9. The situation is the time and place ___ speech communication occurs.A in whichB for whatC of thatD with which10.Of course, public speaking is also different ___ conversation.A inB fromC forD of11.The interaction of these seven elements is ___ determines the outcome in any instance of speech communication.A thatB whichC whatD whereLesson 71. What they are trying to say ___ that bits fall off machines—especially when they start to break down.A isB areC wereD be2. When he ___ the matter, he found three examples of direct copying of Ph.D. theses in the department.A looked upB looked forC looked intoD looked at3. This example is part of a thesis that ___ have been plagiarized at Swansea University.A appearing toB appears toC to appearD appeared4. The case came to light when Ansymana Koroma appealed ___ a decision not to award him a Ph.D.A forB inC withD against5.Mr. Koroma’s appeal is ___ consideration and will be treated with due seriousness.A forB onC underD by6. He is ___ University of Wales to conduct an inquiry.A calling forB calling onC calling atD calling in7. He alleges that his department took five months ___ him with the oil necessary to his research.A providingB providedC to provideD provide8. I believe academic standards, particularly in the supervision of post graduate research, are ___.A wantingB wantedC wantD to want9. Mr. Koroma’s appeal is ___ consideration and will be treated with due seriousness.A ofB onC byD under10. He claims that Swansea accepted him as a student in 1992 ___ that no one in the engineering department had the necessary expertise to supervise his work.A knownB knowingC to knowD knew11. He was encouraged to repeat using dirty oil and to conceal flaws in research-- ___ he was failed by the external examiner.A in whichB by whichC for whichD under whichLesson 81. This is something like the way ___ high and low sounds are produced by a flute or whistle.A by whichB in whichC under whichD on which2. Whether or not hearing is really produced in all animals by the effect of pressure is not definitely known by scientists ___.A as suchB as forC as toD as yet3. We are ___ that at the end of the central hole in this outer ear there is something called the middle ear.A knowB awareC knownD awared4. ___ message is carried by a macula depends upon how it is affected.A WhatB WhichC WhereD When5. For instance, a certain kind of tadpole can ___ the depth of the water it is swimming in by the pitch of a tone which is produced by its own lungs.A sayB tellC speakD talk6. The same is true to still a larger degree of such animals as frogs and fishes, although in the frog we can at least see an eardrum.A trueB realC trulyD really7. Scientists must explore much ___ for more knowledge about how animals use their ears.A longerB farerC furtherD deeper8.The high sounds are produced when the air is prevented by the holes ___ going through.A toB fromC ofD in9.All this is what produces the differences __ high ___ low sounds.A from… toB and… andC too… toD between… and10.When sound waves enter the cochlea, they set a membrane into a ___ motion and cause a new wave.A back and forthB up and downC and so onD hand and hand11.The message which is carried is not, however, always connected ___ the hearing sense.A forB toC withD from12. Even deeper lies the inner ear, the organ ___ we “hear”.A in whichB for whichC on whichD with whichLesson 91.In years ___, men sailed in ships that did not take them back to their homes for many years.A pass byB gone byC gone intoD pass to2. ___ a story about whales it is a good idea to learn as much about them as you can.A EnjoyB EnjoyingC To enjoyD Enjoys3. One group of whales ___, instead of teeth, long strips of bone, hanging from their upper jaw.A hasB haveC isD are4. Once whales ere hunted for whale-bone ___ for blubber.A as suchB as long asC as wellD as well as5. The whale ___ its strength and weight against the moving arms of the great squid.A protectsB matchesC leansD appeal6. It is for the valuable oil in blubber ___ whales are hunted.A whichB whatC thatD where7.It could ___ the early whaling boats with one lash of its powerful tail.A turn downB turn offC turn up C turn over8. It ___ a group of whales called toothed whales.A belongsB belongings toC belongs toD belonging9. A crew of men sets to work ___ the great whale of its blubber.A strippingB strippedC to stripeD stripe10. Many a whale ___ battle scars that were left by a squid’s fierce struggles.A carryingB carryC carriesD to carry11.The whale was ___ because it was not easy to get.A worthB valuableC priceD costly12. There ___ many stories written about whales.A has beenB haveC hasD have beenLesson 101. The effective permeability is a ___ measure of the conductance of the porous medium for one fluid phase.A relativeB relevantC reflectD reveal2. The second method uses full-diameter core samples ___ of 1-1.5 ft.A in growthB in lengthC in widthD in rate3. So far permeability is referred to rock conditions ___ a single-phase fluid saturation was considered.A whichB whenC whatD where4. In addition, there are many instances when, not two fluids, but three fluids exist in the rock ___.A respectivelyB evenlyC simultaneouslyD especially5.The saturations, if know, should be specified to define completely the conditions ___ a given effective permeability exists.A for whatB in thatC for whichD in which6.It can be determined from samples extracted ___ the formation or by in-place testing.A onB inC fromD out7.However, ____ the many possible combinations of saturation for a single medium, Laboratory data are usually summarized and reported as relative permeability.A owing toB as forC comparing withD aside from8.It becomes necessary, therefore, ___ the fluid saturation when stating the effective permeability of any particular fluid in a give medium.A to specifyB specifyingC specifiedD specify9.Permeability is the ability ___ the formation to conduct fluids.A toB onC ofD with10. The medium can have a distinct and measurable conductance to each phase ___ in the medium.A presentedB presentingC presentD to present11.Just as K is the accepted symbol for permeability, Ko, Kw, and Kg are the respected symbols for the effective permeability to oil, water , and gas ___.A respectB respectedC respectingD respectivelyLesson 111. All owe their origin to the oil ___ as petroleum, found deep in the earth.A to knowB knowC knownD knowing2. Such “sun ship” might travel ___ over one hundred kilometers an hour.A onB overC byD at3. Look inside the medicine cupboard __ more petroleum products, medical paraffin and petroleum jelly.A atB forC intoD out4. As you head for your bus, train or car, all ___ use petroleum products in the form of fuel to move them and lubricants to keep them in working order.A in whichB with whichC for whichD of which5. But ___ then the world will have to decide on its priorities.A long beforeB before longC so longD no longer6. Recently protein feeds for animals have been developed by growing yeast ___ a petroleum based stock.A intoB onC inD with7. Such “sun ship” would have a large enough surface area to carry the enormous number of solar cells necessary to move ___ appreciable load.A someB fewC anyD many8. One company has presented an idea ___ metal strips inserted in pavements and roads operate fly wheels by means of a piston action using hydraulic fluid.A with which Bfor which C under which D in which9. Oil, or electricity from oil-fed generators may be ___ you comfortably warm.A keepingB keepC keptD to keep10. Should airlines compete on similar routes allowing planes to fly long distances ___ empty passenger seats?A onB inC withD for11.There is an old English saying, “___ is the mother of invention.”A NecessaryB NecessityC NecessarilyD Necessaries12.Scientists predict that the world’s known oil resources will ___ early in the next century.A run awayB run downC run intoD run outLesson 121. The earth and the moon were born together ___ from the same cloud of gas and dust.A at a timeB in timeC on timeD at the same time2. Another said that the moon material would explode ___ an astronaut’s boot touched it.A as soon asB as suchC as yetD as well as3. It has the same chemical elements ___ the earth and the rest of the solar system but in very different amounts.A as doesB to doC to hasD as have4.On the surface, however, there is no ___ of heat – no volcano, for example.A sighB signifyC signD significant5. Rock and soil samples and information of many other kinds have become ___ in recent years.A capableB considerableC stableD available6. However, the cr ust in almost ____ than the earth’s crust.A four time thickB four times thickerC thick four timesD thicker four time7.Yet with all we know about the moon, there is even more ___ we don’t know.A thatB ofC toD than8. It may also have a core, as the earth ___.A didB doC doesD doing9. ___, of course, the moon is very different.A By means ofB In contrast toC With respect toD In other ways10. So far, none of these theories ___ to be either right or wrong.A has been provedB have provedC has provedD have been proved11. ___ there seems to be heat someplace inside the moon, possibly a great deal of it.A Just nowB Right nowC Right awayD Just a moment12. ___ all we have learned from space flights, the moon is still a riddle from the distant past.A In order toB For our purposesC In spite ofD Except forLesson 131. He sometimes becomes more powerful than ___.A other cardsB any other cardsC any other cardD any others2. Of course, the blade has been made much ___ on the card.A shorterB longerC shortD long3. Julius Caesar, ____, is the King of Diamonds.A in a wayB by the wayC on the wayD in no way4. The playing cards we use today are much like ___ used for hundreds of years.A thatB oneC onesD those5. History from King David to Queen Elizabeth is all ___ playing cards.A in front ofB on the front ofC in the front ofD at the front of6. The figures are placed on each card __ the number or value of the card.A inB ofC forD with7. A Knave is usually a person who ___ trouble.A gets intoB gets awayC runs intoD runs away8. What do you think the suits ___?A bring forthB come aboutC stand forD make up9. These men made ___ famous for their courage and bravery, but they were not kings.A theyB themC theirD themselves.Lesson 141.The internal managerial relationships of legal persons and other organizations are governed by laws on companies or enterprises, not by the contract law, ___.A tooB alsoC as wellD either2. Both parties shall ___ the principles of honesty and good faith in exercising their right and performing their duties.A complain aboutB comply withC supply forD apply to3. The principle of voluntariness embodies the fundamental characteristics of civil activities and is therefore the unique principle of civil legal relationship that distinguishes it ___ administrative and criminal legal relationship.A fromB ofC inD between4. The contract concluded ___ the compulsory provisions of the law and administrative regulations is invalid.A in conformity withB in accordance withC in violation ofD consistent with5. No party may impose his own will ___ another and no unit or individual may illegally interfere.A toB onC forD in6.If the law or administrative regulations provide that a contract shall take effect upon ___such procedures as approval or registration, such provisions shall be observed.A going throughB going intoC going onD going by7.The Draft Contract law stipulates that a contract means an agreement ___the subjects with equal status, that is, natural persons, legal persons and other organizations, establish, alter or terminate civil right – crating an obligatory relationship between them.A in whichB wheneverC wherebyD what8. Compared with that of the three existing contract laws, the scope of application of the Draft Contract Law is ___ enlarged.A approximatelyB appreciablelyC apparentlyD appropriatelyLesson 191. Austin expected to be shot on the spot. ___, the king sent a runner for fresh water.A InsteadB In spite ofC Instead ofD In practice2. Fish collectors pay ___ 19 cents for a guppy to $100 or more for hard-to-breed fish.A forB fromC toD at3.But raising of pet fish goes back to the early days of the Sung Dynasty in China, about 900 A.D., ___ they were raised in small bottles as house pets.A whereB whichC whatD when4.Austin told ___ his crime.A withB forC ofD to5.Looking into the water and very ___, young Austin Strong saw shapes of double-tailed goldfish.A excitedB excitingC exciteD exciteslions continue to regard them ___ a very fine sight.A forB withC onD as7.Today a busy aquarium store may sell up to $20,000 ___ of fish in a good year.A worthyB worthC valueD valuable8.It ___ $50 or more to set up a good salt water aquarium.A takesB costsC spendsD pays9.Austin lowered a bent pin ___ a piece of string.A attached toB close toC near toD tied to10.There developed more than 100 beautiful kinds with ___ names ___ Falling Flowers, Seven Stars, Eight Melon Seeds, Piled-up-Gold.A so…asB such…asC either…orD neither…or11.A piece of the universe ___ great things happen—birth, life and death; mating and feeding before our eyes.A whenB whichC whereD thatLesson 201.Levorsen gav e a concise definition of a trap as “ the place ___ oil and gas are barred from further movement.”A whatB whyC whenD where2.The term “trap” was first ___ a hydrocarbon accumulation by Orton.A applying toB applied toC apply toD applies to3.The net pay is the cumulative vertical thickness of a reservoir ___ petroleum may be produced.A by whichB in whichC for whichD with which4.All of the gross pay does not necessarily ___ productive reservoir.A made ofB consist ofC instead ofD lots of5.Boundaries ___ oil, gas, ___ water may be sharp or transitional.A between…andB either…orC such…asD both…and6.Fluid contacts in a trap are generally planar, but are ___ always horizontal.A by all meansB by means ofC by no meansD what it means7.Tar mats cause considerable production problems by inhibiting water ___ displacing oil.A inB fromC withD for8.Not only ___ a gross gravity separation of gas oil occur within a reservoir but more subtlevariation may also exist.A doB isC doesD are9.Whether a trap contains oil and/or gas depends both ___ the chemistry and level of maturation of the source rock.A forB withC onD in10.The lowest point ___ hydrocarbons may be contained in the trap is the spill point.A in whichB at whichC with whichD by which11.This definition needs some ___, however.A qualitiesB qualifiesC qualificationD qualifications12.Developemnt of a reservoir necessitates ___ the gross-net pay ratio across the field.A mapB to mapC mappedD mappingLesson 211. An acquaintance of ___ who lives in England and had never been outside it until last summer decided to go over to France for a trip.A meB myC ID mine2. I found a little place ___ they made quite good fish and chips.A whenB whereC whatD which3. ___ of these fancy bits for me!A OneB BothC NoneD Every4. And each side ___ to be detached and broad-minded.A managesB managingC to manageD manage5. He had gone to France determined to live there exactly ___ he was in England.A even thoughB althoughC even ifD as if6. I had fried eggs and chips, but it was ___ getting them to make them.A none of your businessB on businessC quite a businessD go back to the business7. Physical differences are not so difficult to adapt oneself to __ religious, ethical and irrational ones.A thatB asC forD than8. The criterion for judging a foreigner could be: Does he try to be polite and considerate to others? ___ : Is he like me?A Instead ofB Except forC For instanceD Instead9. And do you know, they ___ that it was marmalade?A resistedB insistedC suggestedD interested10. But actual physical contact with things __ is unaccustomed to is much more difficult to bear philosophically.A thatB whichC oneD all11. The Indonesian may explain this action rationally as ___ a difference in custom.A hearing fromB learning fromC asiding fromD arising from12.But didn’t you eat ___ of the famous French food?A someB anyC everyD both13. I thought it useless to explain that we borrowed the word ‘marmalade’ ___ French, and that itmeans, in that language, any kind of jam.A fromB forC toD inLesson 221. And __ bad __ this quake was, many have been worse.A such…asB as…asC so…asD not so…as2. The ground ___ Yellowstone National Park began shaking violently.A with respect toB as a result ofC by no meansD in the vicinity of3. There it is so hot that ___ hard rock there is material much like the hot lava that a volcano erupts.A more thanB insteadC instead ofD better than4. ___ even more frightening was the sound of huge boulders which began rolling down the steep mountain.A What toB How toC How wasD What was5. What causes these terrible shakes of the very ground ___ we live?A on whichB in whichC for whatD under that6. The layers of rocks are not laid __, as a bricklayer would build a wall.A evenB evenlyC unevenD unevenly7. Since the Yellowstone earthquake some people have said that they would never go to that area for ___ being caught in a landslide such as occurred after the earthquake.A worry aboutB wonder atC care forD fear of8. It is the earth’s 40 mile deep crust ___ we are concerned when we seek the cause of earthquake.A in whichB for whichC with whichD on which9. Becau se there the layers of rocks which make up the earth’s crust are not ___ even.A at allB for allC to allD in all10. At the same time we can understand the need of being ready to help those ___ do suffer such trouble.A whichB whoC thatD what11. Both the heaving of the ground ___ the noise were very frightening but lasted not quite 45 seconds.A ofB forC andD with12. Sometimes a break in the earth’s crust comes about, which starts suc h a landslide as ___ which occurred in Madison Canyon.A whatB onC inD that13.People ___ think that when there was an earthquake, the ground opened, swallowed treat numbers of people, then closed, leaving no trace of those who perished.A are used toB use asC used toD are used forLesson 231. Refinery processes must be selected and products ___ to give a balanced operation.A manufactureB manufacturedC manufacturingD to manufacture。
中石油职称英语真题（打印版）（可编辑修改word版）
中石油职称英语真题（打印版）（可编辑修改word版）2005年真题I. Vocabulary(20 points)1.Within days he became paralyzed, and people feared that he might die.But he _________.a. absorbedb. dissolvedc. discoveredd. recovered2. Tilden, the other presidential ______, actually received more votes.a. advocateb. candidatec. sponsord. opponent3. An Olympic runner wins a _______.a. medalb. modelc. modled. modest4. To find out how the bees managed to tell time, an unusual experiment was _______ four years ago. a. carried on b. carried away c. carried out d. carried out5. Every society has its own peculiar custom and _____ of acting.a. waysb. behaviorc. attituded. means6. They ______ their knowledge in the exploding world of ideas.a. modernizeb. supplyc. updated. upgrade7. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and ______ in a quiet neighborhood.a. all in allb. above allc. after all d over all 8. It’s difficult to divine what c onstitutes an ______ tip in any country.a. appropriateb. thoughtfulc. considerabled. sufficient9. Shipbuilders would not _____ their money unless they knew that they could make a profit.a. investb. invent d. involve d. invite10. At the end of four years, these six extra hours of each year ____ twenty-four hours, or one full day.a. add up tob. make up forc. come up withd. put up with11. Don’t ______ this news to the public until we give you the go-head.a. releaseb. relievec. related. retain12. Earth is one of nine planets which ______ around the sun.a. spinb. rollc. rotated. revolve13. “No sense in you getting us both killed!” I yelled _____ him.a. atb. withc. tod. out14. What you have done is ______ doctor’s orders.a. attached tob. responsible toc. resistant tod. contrary to15. I want to express the _____ of all of us, for this wonderfully warm welcome.a. appreciationb. enjoyment d. evaluation d. reputation16. We hire and ______ people mainly for their ability to do business.a. proceedb. progressc. promised. promote17. According to government mandate in the Lion City,tipping is not ______.a. admittedb. remittedc. permittedd. emitted18. The environmental costs were regarded more as temporary inconveniences than as _____ liability.a. imaginativeb. peculiarc. persistentd. original19. Scientists predict that the world’s known oil resources will _____early in the next century.a. run offb. run outc. run upd. run over20. Now a person works for a certain amount of money _____ he can pay for food and clothing.a. in caseb. so thatc. as tod. such asII. Grammar (20 points)21. The basic rock material is referred to ______.a. as the matrixb. be the matrixc. by scientist to be the matrixd. as being the matrix22. The oil industry of India ______ two World Wars and withstood theeconomic, social and political upheavals of a particularly troubled century.a. survivedb. has survivedc. was survived tod. has beensurviving23. Although baleen whale may weigh ______ twenty elephants, it feeds onsea plants and animals.a. so much tob. as much toc. so much asd. as much as24. Man uses the energy for everything from flying to the moon to ______about it.a. thinkb. thoughtc. thinkingd. will think25. _______ his arms over his head, Lincoln declared he was the “bigbuck of the lick.”a. Waveb. Wavingc. Wavedd. Been waved26. ______ retire are still able to receive pension that they have paidinto the social security system during their working days.a. Most peopleb. since most peoplec. Most people ared. Mostpeople who27. The reward was not always given to everyone, nor _____ to those whodeserved it most. a. it was not given b. was given c. it was not given nor d. wasnot it given28. Between 1890 and 1970 the monetary costs of supplying energy _____more or less constant or declined.a. to stayb. was stayedc. stayedd. has stayed29. The water ________ Manhattan has been very important to New York.a. surroundb. is surroundedc. surroundingd. surrounded30. The assumption _____ human cloning rests is that all genetic cellscontain exact copies of the original set o9f genetic instructions.a. on whichb. on thatc. at whichd. which31. For the creatures to become oil, it was necessary that they ______between layers of rock for an enormous length of time.a. been imprisonedb. shall be imprisonc. should be imprisond.will be imprisoned32. The gas-oil contact or gas-water contact_____ the lower limit ofproducible gas.a. isb. arec. wered. has been33. There is also an interest in sea horse, puffers and other saltytypes with shapes ____ and colors ____ than even the showiest of fresh-water fish.a. more strange…more brightb. stranger…. brighterc. stranger… more brighterd. more strange…brighter34. _______ was a planted sapling of the American redwood tree.a. There is one of the giftsb. One of the gifts thatc. That oneof the gifts d. One of the gifts35. An air ship _______ by energy from the sun has been suggested.a. poweringb. to powerc. is poweredd. powered36. Most scientists agree _______ was hot for at least a time.a. some of the moon thatb. some of the moon itc. that some of the moond. while some of the moon37. A group of scientists demanded that the federal government ____ all the studies it has founded on cloning.a. revealb. revealedc. is revealingd. must reveal38. _______ hearing is really produced in all animals by the effect of pressure is not definitely known by scientists.a. If or notb. Whether or notc. have never heard ofd. had never heard of39. It was something we ________.a. never hear ofb. have never heard ofc. never heard ofd. had never heard of40. “Could I borrow your bike?”“Yes, you_________”. a. can b. could c. may d. wouldIII. Reading comprehension (30 points)Question 41-44Saudi Arabia, OPEC’s cautious giant, understands all this. When Bill Clinton met Saudi Arabia’s Crown Prince Abdullah this week, Mr. Clinton argued for an output rise big enough to put an end to these painful prices. Prince Abdullah has promised to “make every effort to ensure equilibrium in the oil markets and to stabilise prices.” This week he revealed that Saudi Arabia has been quietly leaking an extra 600,000 barrels per day (bpd) on to the market since July in an effort to cool prices..If that is true, it just goes to show that managing the oil markets is easier said than done. Despite several Saudi-inspired output increases by the cartel in recent months, the price has remained stubbornly high; this week, it soared to nearly $35 a barrel, the highest since theGulf war in 1990. As the cartel’s oil ministers gather in Vienna on September 10th to hammer out new production quotas, theyare once again under intense pressure to release more oil, and fast.To hear OPEC members talk, you might think that serious price relief is on the way. There is discussion of “managing” prices down through a newish price mechanism. At the cartel’s meeting in March, ministers quietly agreed a grand new plan to keep oil within a target band of $22-28 a barrel. If the price of a basket of seven OPEC crudes stays below $22 for 20 trading days, the cartel is supposed to cut production by 500,000 barrels a 0ay. If it stays above $28 for 20 trading days, it will automatically raiseproduction by the same amount. This price band has become the main topic of discussion in advance of the upcoming gathering of ministers. Prince Abdullah even talks of a return to a stable market within months.Oil traders and analysts note that the 20-day limit looks likely to be triggered again this week. A new report by Lehman Brothers, an investment bank, echoes the view of many: “Our expectation is that production will be increased by 500,000 bpd, either through the price mechanism or through a separate agreement.” When it released new figures suggesting that domestic oil-stock levels are lower than previously thought, the American government’s Energy Information Administration added that it too expects an increase of that size. Adding support to this theory are mumblings from OPEC delegates in support of the mechanism.Two decades ago, in the year of the cartel’s 20th birthday celeb rations, ministers gathered in Indonesia to hammer out details of a clever new scheme: a mechanism whereby the price of oil would be fixed, and adjusted every quarter automatically for such factors as inflation and currency fluctuations. Members had agreed on the ambitious plan, except for one crucial detail: at what price to start this price-peg crawling. The cautious Saudis, the self-proclaimed guardians of the oilmarket, wanted a price below $30 a barrel; the hawks in the cartel, unconcerned about consumers’ pain, demanded a much higher price. The ensuing bickering ensured that the scheme collapsed.History may now be repeating itself. When the current price-stabilization scheme was first unveiled, punters with short memories placed big bets that the cartel would adhere to it. Bymid-June, the price basket had sailed past the 20-day upper trigger. But OPEC did not “automatically” release 500,000 barrels. Various confused and contradictory explanations surfaced from ministers, but not the oil. Only at their next officially scheduled meeting did they come up with a meager quota increase.41. The passage confirms thata. high oil prices can be controlled if OPEC increase oil output.b. Bill Clinton accomplished his mission for the visit to Prince Abdullah.c. Abdullah made all his efforts to control oil price without considering the benefits of his own country.d. managing the oil market is easier said than done.42. How many oil price schemes were recommended by OPEC ministers according to the passage?a. Oneb. Twoc. Threed. Four43. What’s the author’s opinion about Saudi Arabia?a. Saudi Arabia is the largest country among the members of OPEC.b. Saudi Arabia is the most active country in OPEC to control oil prices for the benefit of the rest of the world.c. Saudi Arabia is the guardian of the world oil market.d. Saudi Arabia seems to have strong intention to control the oil pricesto a acceptable level, but it takes actions very carefully for the consideration of its own benefit.44. What can you infer fromthe passage?a. OPEC is, in the most cases, not reliable.b. all the members of OPEC have the intention to lower oil prices whenthe prices get very high.c. The oil prices are fully controlled by the market and OPEC can donothing with them even though they wish tod. In most cases OPEC has been very efficient in managing oil prices. Question 45-48The horse preceded man on earth. Although the earliest remains of primitive horses have been found on the North American continent, many scientist believe this small species traveled over a land mass in the Bering Sea to found the beginnings of the modern horse in Asia. It became extinct in America. Other scientists believe that the horse may have originated in Asia. In any event the animal soon spread into China, Europe, and the Middle East. The first modern horses to be introduced into the American continent came with the early Spanish explorers. Horses were bred into many types. The heavy horses developed in the low countries of Europe and were used for Arabian. The only true wild horses left in the 20th century are found in Mongolia. Horses are said to rate in intelligence after the ape, elephant, and dog. They have excellent memories and can sometimes find their way home when lost, and sense danger better that their masters. The early civilizations of man that had made use of ht horse developed more rapidly than those which did not.45. Some of the characteristics of the horse are _________a. poor memoriesb. great loyaltyc. more intelligent the dogd. in some areas they can surpass theabilities of man46. The horse originated___________a. in the Middle Eastb. in Europec. on the North Americancontinent d. in Spain47. The primary uses of the horse for early man were ___________a. for foodb. for prestigec. to make moneyd. to work for him48. What can be said about the varieties of horses?a. The early horses were larger than the more modern breeds.b. The only true wild horses left in the 20th century are in the Middle East.c. The oldest breed of the modern horse is said to be the Arabian.d. Medieval knights preferred fast, active horses.Questions 49-52Recent intrusions into the lives of public figures have highlighted the lack of laws guarding privacy in Britain. As a result, one issue under discussion as Parliament returns this week is the possible introduction of legislation to curb press powers.The government will probably take no action until it receives a report from a committee chaired by Sir David Calcutt, due in January 1993. the committee is examining whether the pressshould be regulated by tougher legislation. It is also considering the ways in which the press has invaded the private lives of the famous.The Calcutt committee has reported once before, in 1990. it recommendations led to the creation of the Press Complaints Commission, under which the press was given the chance to regulate itself without the need for a privacy law. It also proposed a new criminal offence of physical intrusion to obtain information for publication.This proposal, which was not acted upon, would have made it unlawful to photograph people on private property to record their conversations without permission. It would have made it an offence to enter a property to place a bug or obtain personal information.The committee said that the press should be allowed to invade the privacy of a public figure only when it was likely to expose or prevent criminal activity, otherwise his or privacy should be left alone. But a general law protecting privacy was rejected.Since then, reports in some newspapers and magazines about people’s private lives have ignored the committee’s recommendations. The private lives of Government Ministers and members of the Royal Family have featured prominently in the press. Photographs of the Duchess of York Sunbathing in France, for example, have been widely published.Some sections of the media justify their intrusion by saying it is in the public interest. In a democracy, they argue, the public has a right to know what people in positions of power are doing. Politicians and others are accountable for their lives. Privacy laws, these critics say, would protect the privileged.Additionally, many politicians use their private lives to gain popular support, for example by parading their families before cameras to emphasized “traditional value”. Hence, some editors say they are justified in prying into private lives to uncover any faults.Likewise, the Royal Family is supported from public funds, and therefore it is argued that its members should lead responsible private lives.49. Which of the following occurred recently in Britain?a. a report from a committee chaired by Sir David Calcutt. B. Intrusion into the lives of public figuresc. Introduction of legislation to cub press powerd. The Government’s action to protect privacy.50. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?a. The press has more freedom to publish privacy of the famous after thefoundation of the Press Complaints Commission.b. To photograph public figures on public property is legal.。
中石油系统职称英语通用英语选读文章中英文对照版最新版
目录中石油职称英语教材_2013年版1. The Value of Time时间的价值 (3)2.English is a Crazy Language 英语是一门疯狂的语言 (4)3.All I Learned in Kindergarten 幼儿园所学的 (6)4. How to Negotiate with Americans如何与美国人谈判 (7)5. Network Security网络安全 (9)6.Carbon-based Alternative 碳基替代燃料 (11)7. Automatic Auto: a Car That Drives Itself无人驾驶汽车 (13)8.Our Family Creed 家族的信条 (15)9．The art of public Speaking 公共演讲的艺术 (16)10. Sweep a Fuel Craft Invest Fever清洁能源行业投资热潮 (18)11.Smoking and Cancer 吸烟和癌 (19)12. The Positive Meanings of Love爱的真谛 (21)13. Does Exercise Have Unexpected Benefits? 运动有奇效吗？ (24)14.Taking chances, Making chances 抓住机遇，制造机遇 (26)15.The Province of Alberta 阿尔伯达省 (27)16. The American Way: Family美国人的家庭观 (29)17. Computers Give Big Boosts to Productivity计算机技术极大提高生产效率 (30)18. The Principles of International Trade国际贸易原理 (32)19. A World without Oil 假如世界没有石油 (34)20.The Germanic Languages日耳曼语系 (36)21.How Americans Eat and Drink 美国人的饮食 (38)22.The Delights of South Island 南岛之乐 (40)23.A Sandpiper to Bring You Joy 矶鹞带来快乐 (42)24.An Introduction to Distillation 蒸馏概述 (46)25. Hints to Improve Spoken English 提高英语口语须知 (48)26.The Moon-Riddle from the Past月球-来自远古之谜 (50)27.The Delight of Books 书之乐趣 (52)28.The Magic of Energy 能的魔力 (54)29. How to Reduce Employee Turnover如何减少员工流失 (57)30. That "Other Woman" in My Life 我生命中的“另一个女人” (59)31.Geography of USA 美国地理概况 (61)32. The Old Man and the Sea (Excerpt) 参考译文：老人与海(节选) (64)33.Petroleum Geology and Other Sciences 石油地质学与其它科学 (66)34.What Do Parents Owe Their Children 父母欠子女什么？ (68)35. Trends for 21st Century 21世纪的趋势 (70)36.You Bet Your Life 以命相赌 (73)37. Radiation and Human Health辐射与人体健康 (75)38. To Be Content with One's Lot 乐天知命 (77)39.I Didn't Know How to Teach Until I Met You 直到遇到你我才知道怎么教学 (80)40. An Introduction to Petrochemicals 石油化工产品概述 (82)41. The Subject of Smiling 微笑问题 (85)42. A $210,000 WALLET1价值21万美元的钱包 (88)43. What's Your Best Time of Day? 何时是你一天中最佳的时间？ (90)44. Fundamental Techniques in Handling People 处理人际关系的基本技巧 (94)45. Happiness Index幸福指数 (96)46. Becoming Wealthy: It's Up to You 致富取决于你自己 (99)47. Oil（油） (101)48. Ocean Plant Life in Decline海洋植物数量锐减 (104)49. Cultural Taboos文化禁忌 (106)50.Managing In a Global Environment 在全球环境中进行管理 (108)51.Not Quite Ready to Retire1 退休为时尚早 (111)52.Sales Promotion 产品促销 (114)53.Another Happiness 另一种快乐 (117)54.Why To Mark a Book 怎样在书上做标记 (119)55.Earth's Last Frontier: The Sea 海洋，地球最后的待开发疆域 (122)56.Why Antarctica Is Being Explored 为什么要勘探南极洲 (125)57.Listening Faults 聆听的误区 (128)58.Your Are What You Think 你认为自己是什么样的人，就是什么样的人 (132)59.The Audacity of Hope1有希望则无所畏惧 (135)60. Future of Energy能源的未来 (139)1. The Value of Time时间的价值【2013年新增加文章】1. "Time" says the proverb "is money". This means that every moment well-spent may put some money into our pockets. If our time is usefully employed,it will either produce some useful and important piece of work which will fetch its price in the market, or it will add to our experience and increase our capacities so as to enable us to earn money when the proper opportunity comes. There can thus be no doubt that time is convertible into money. Let those who think nothing of wasting time remember this; let them remember that an hour misspent is equivalent to the loss of a banknote; and that an hour utilized is tantamount to so much silver or gold; and then they will probably think twice before they give their consent to the loss of any part of their time.1．谚语说：“时间就是金钱。
中石油职称英语试题及答案 完整版
中石油职称英语试题及答案完整版2008年中石油职称英语试题及答案完整版(试卷类型 24)英语, 中石油, 试题, 试卷, 职称英语, 中石油, 试题, 试卷, 职称英语水平考试试卷类型:24答卷注意事项1、请各位考生拿到试卷以后首先检查试卷类型(在本页右上角)是否和自己的准考证号末两位一致，如不一致请立即要求监考教师更换，否则将影响成绩。
2、本次考试包括试卷一和试卷二，考试时间为9:00-11:00。
试卷一为客观选择题，在标准答题卡上用2B铅笔将所选答案划出。
试卷二为翻译题，将译文写在答题纸上，填上单位、姓名、准考证号、考场号、考点，以备核对总分。
3、试卷一为标准化考试，所有答案必须在标准化答题卡上划出，若答在试卷上不予评分，后果自负。
4、在填写被准话答题卡时应注意:1)在填写“姓名、单位、准考证号”等栏目时，应用钢笔或圆珠笔。
在填涂准考证号时，一律用2B铅笔划横线。
注意准考证号不要漏涂或涂错，否则客观题部分将无成绩，责任由考生自负。
2)试卷一答题时一律用2B铅笔，若用钢笔或圆珠笔答题均无效，请按答题卡上“正确填涂”的示范划横线，横线长度和宽度以方框为准，若划“?、?、,、,”等符号均为无效。
3)答题卡四角应保持平整，不应折角或皱卷，以免影响阅卷机工作。
4)如需更改答案时，应先用橡皮擦净后，再划线答题。
5、试卷二为翻译试题，请根据参加考试的级别选择一段翻译。
一律用钢笔或圆珠笔答在答题纸上。
字迹应尽量工整，用字规范，以免影响阅卷。
6、考场内考生只允许带2B铅笔、橡皮、尺子、钢笔或圆珠笔，其他词典、书本、资料和电子词典、BP机、手机、掌上电脑等工具一律不准带入场内。
7、遵守考场纪律，不得有交头接耳、左顾右盼、抄带纸条等作弊行为，一经发现，立即清除出场，并由人事部门严肃处理。
2008试卷一I. VocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentencethere are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the ONE answerthat bestcompletes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. Being able to save and accumulatewealth is not automatic.A. considerateB. considerableC. consciousD. careful2. Wonderfulof nature are all around us.A. appearanceB. experienceC. phenomenaD. philosophy3. The whole countyw ith little red hearts on Valentine’s Day.A. breaks inB. breaks intoC. breaks offD. breaks out4. If I were the president of a university I should a compulsory course in “How to Use Your Eyes”.A. escapeB. establishC. estateD. elapse5. The statement that oil originated in the sea is by a glance at a map showing thechief oilfield of the world.A. confinedB. confessedC. conformedD. confirmed6. Almost 70 percent of all non-food purchases in supermarkets are generated byin-store .A. decidedB. decisiveC. decideD. decisions7. I believe that truth and justice areto an enduring social order.A. fundamentalB. fountainC. formationD. friction8. Some of these “upside down” airmail stamps are nowover $6,000.A. worthyB. worthedC. worthD. worthwhile9. The early pioneers had tomany hardships to settle on the new land.A. go intoB. go along withC. go back onD. go through10. Remember that customers don't about prices in that city.A. disputeB. bargainC. consultD. discuss11. Difficulties and hardships have the best qualities of the young geologist.A. brought aboutB. brought inC. brought upD. brought out12. Do you know where the pictures on money?A. resulted fromB. removed fromC. came fromD. fell from13. I oftenabout how quickly time flies.A. complainB. complaintC. compileD. conceive14. I'm with computer programs that correct spelling through the use of built-indictionaries.A. commonB. familiarC. knownD. friendly15. Male cigarette smokers have a higher deathfrom heart disease than non-smoking males.A. rateB. priceC. speedD. degree16. With winter here you canthese skirts till you need them again next summer.A. get rid ofB. give awayC. do away withD. put away17. The good service at the hotel the poor food to some extent.A. made forB. made outC. made up forD. mad use of18. Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply .A. appliedB. appreciatedC. approvedD. appealed19. Inflation is the first problem that the new government will have to .A. revolveB. graspC. seizeD. tackle20. Few people whoof high school will be rich.A. run downB. check inC. drop outD. check outII. Grammatical Structure Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence thereare four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completesthe sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet. 21. The young receptionist doesn't permitin the exhibition center.A. smokingB. to smokeC. smokeD. to have smoked22. I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality for the Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.A. whatB. whomC. thatD. which23. More than two thousands work in this refinery.A. RussiasB. RussianC. RussiansD Russia24. The ancient Egyptians believed all illnesses were related towas eaten.A. whatB. whichC. itD. that25. If all the continents and mountains were bulldozed fiat, the earthby water more than 12,000 feet deep.A. could have been coveredB. might had been coveredC. is coveredD. would be covered26. Since 1939, numerous scientific studies to determine whether smoking is a health hazard.A. have been conductedB. are conductedC. is conductedD. being conducted27. All the money , we started looking for work.A. has been spentB. have been spentC. being spentD. having been spent28. One main branch of sea science, , holds enormous unanswered questions.A. physical oceanographyB. is physical oceanographyC. called physical oceanographyD. what is physical oceanography29. Ancrowd is awaiting the arrival of the famed statesman.A. exciteB. excitedlyC. excitedD. exciting30. Therea lot ofon the roads yesterday.A. were...trafficB. was...trafficC. were...trafficsD. was...traffics31. China and America are separated by .A. Pacific OceanB. a Pacific OceanC. the Pacific OceanD. Pacific Oceans32.to completely cut off its oil supply, it would badly damage its own economy.A. If Iran wasB. Was IranC. If Iran isD. Were Iran33.in 1943the harmful smog made its appearance in Los Angeles.A. Only...thatB. It was...thenC. That it was...whenD. It was...that34. The population of Beijing is three times that of Qingdao.A. so large asB. as large toC. as large asD. as larger than35. Hehis office for there was no one to answer the phone.A. must have leftB. must leaveC. may have leftD. can have left36. Jane's family couldn't agree on where to spend vacation.A. hisB. herC. itsD. their37. I will leave him a notehe will know where we are.A. so thatB. thatC. in orderD. in case38. The teacher thinks that Tomfor the accident and instead we should try to comfort him.A. doesn't blameB. is to blameC. isn't to blameD. isn't blamed39. When I pulled into her driveway, she by the door with her coat on.A. is waitingB. was waitingC. waitsD. waited40. The clerk asked Robeylater in the day.A. returningB. to returnC. returnD. to be returnedIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: There are 5 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by4questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on theAnswer Sheet.Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage:One of the most interesting paradoxes in America today is that Harvard University,the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States, is now engaged in a serious debate about what a university should be, and whether it is measuring up.Like the Roman Catholic Church and other ancient institutions, it is asking—still inprivate rather than in public—whether its past assumptions about faculty, authority,admissions, courses of study, are really relevant to the problems of the 1990's.Should Harvard—or any other university—be an intellectual sanctuary, apart from thepolitical and social revolution of the age, or should it be a laboratory for experimentation with these political and social revolutions; or even an engine of the revolution? This is what is being discussed privately in the big clapboard houses offaculty members around the Harvard Yard.The issue was defined by Waiter Lippmann, a distinguished Harvard graduate, severalyears ago.“If the universities are to do their work," he said, "they must be independent and theymust be disinterested...They are places to which men can turn for judgmentswhich are unbiased by partisanship and special interest. Obviously, the moment theuniversities fall under political control, or under the control of private interests, or the moment they themselves take a hand in politics and the leadership of government,their value as independent and disinterested sources of judgment is impaired...”This is part of the argument that is going on at Harvard today. Another part is the argument of the militant and even many moderate students: that a university is thekeeper of our ideals and morals, and should not be “disinterested” but activist inbringing the nation's ideals and actions together.Harvard's men of today seem more troubled and less sure about personal, political and academic purpose than they did at the beginning. They are not even clear about how they should debate and resolve their problems, but they are struggling with them privately, and how they come out is bound to influence American universities andpolitical life in the 1990's.41. The issues in the debate on Harvard's goals are whether the universities shouldremain independent of our society and its problems, and whether they should .A. overcome the widespread drug dependencyB. take an active part in solving society's illsC. fight militarismD. support our old and established institutions42. The word “paradox” in paragraph 1 is .A. an abnormal conditionB. a parenthetical expressionC. a difficult puzzleD. a self-contradiction43. The word “sanctuary” in paragraph 3 is .A. a temple or nunnery of middle ageB. a certain place you can hide in and avoid mishapsC. a holy place dedicated to a certain godD. an academy for intelligent people44. In the author's judgment, the ferment going on at Harvard .A. will soon be over, because times are bound to changeB. is of interest mostly to Harvard men and their friendsC. will influence future life in AmericaD. is a sad symbol of our general bewildermentQuestions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage:Scientists now believe that many, if not all, living things are born with some type of hidden clock. These clocks are sometimes set by the number of hours of light ordarkness in a day, by the rhythm of the tides or by the seasons.One of the most remarkable of nature's living clocks belongs to the fiddler crab, that familiar beach-dweller with tile overgrown claw. Biologists have long known that the crab's shell is darkest during the day, grows pale in late afternoon, then begins todarken again at daybreak. This daytime darkening is valuable for protection against enemies and sunlight, and for many years it was thought to be a simple response by the crab to the sun--just as if we were to get a tan during the day and lose it at night.But when an enterprising scientist placed a fiddler crab in darkness, be was amazed to find that the color of the crab's shell kept tickingoff the time with the same accuracy.Yet another startling fact was revealed: the crab's shell reachedthe darkest color about 50 minutes later each day. There was a second clock inside the crab, for the tides also occur 50 minutes later fromday to day. Moreover, even when the crabs were taken from the beach and put back in the dark, they continued their tidal rhythm.More research disclosed that a crab from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, reached itsdarkest color four hours earlier than the one taken from a beach ona neighboring island. The tides on the nearby island were found to be exactly four hours later thanthe Cape Cod tides.Ants don't carry calendars around with them any more than fiddler crabs possess real wrist watches. But ants show amazing accuracy as tothe day of the year. Each year, an ant nest sends out winged, young queens on mating flights. Hundreds of them mayfly out of a single nest in the soil. Last summer, at the crest of my mountain, I watched an ant city prepare to send forth its young queens. At the precise moment that they took wing, a colony of the same species that my wife was watching near the bottom of the mountain, also sent its queen on a wedding flight. There was, of course, no way could the two colonies have checked take off time with each other.Entomologist Albro T. Gaul once jotted down in his notebook that a particular the same time! This split-second timing is not always the rule. However, most flights takeplace within a definite period of time.Birds also have built-in timepieces which send them off on fall and spring migrations. What the birds really have is a clock like mechanism which allows them to time hoursof darkness or light in each day.But what sends birds northward again in the spring? New research by Dr. Albert Wdifson of Northwestern University seems to indicate that the timing of return flight is extraordinarily complex. In the fall of the year the short days and long nights causethe "clocks" in migratory birds to undergo a kind of "winding" in preparation for their spring return and breeding. Then during the late fall and winter as the clock "ticks", certain physiological changes occur in the bird. The length of each day during thewinter determines how fast the clock will run, and hence when the "alarm" will ring for the spring migration. The clock continues to run through breeding time, thenstops—to be re-wound again the next fall.45. The alarm clock that determines the activity of certain living things is governedby ____.A. hours of daylightB. the time of day in their native environmentsC. the moonD. something we don't understand completely46. The fiddler crab seems to darken his color according to ____.A. time of sunriseB. its backgroundC. amount of daylightD. time of tides47. The reported activity of the ant colony occurred in relation to ____.A. the position of the sunB. the day of the yearC. the temperatureD. the geographical location48. What controls the migration of birds seems to be ____.A. dark, cloudy days and bright, sunny daysB. direction of migrationC. time between sunrise and sunsetD. breeding habitsQuestions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:Medicine comes in many forms. In its liquid form, medicine affects the body very quickly. But the effects of liquid medicine aren't usually long lasting. That is whypills and capsules are also used.The pills and capsules being sold today aren't perfect, either.Pills dissolve in the stomach. The medicine in the pills is released when the pills dissolve. But often, thepills dissolve too quickly.Scientists have been trying to develop a pill that can release medicine slowly over along period of time. They have applied their knowledge of plants to produce the“osmotic (渗透的) pump pill”.The cell walls of plants are made of cellulose (纤维素). Celluloseis a very poroussubstance. There are millions of tiny holes, or pores, in the cellulose walls of plants.These holes are big enough to allow water through the cell walls. As water enters a cell, pressure builds up in the cell. The pressure pumps other substances out of the cell. These substances leave the cell through the cellulose wall. This slow, steadyprocess is called osmosis.The osmotic pump pill is coated with synthetic cellulose. Liquid medicine is contained in the pill. The holes in the cellulose coating ofthe pill are big enough to allow water in the pill. As water from the body enters the pill, pressure builds up andthe medicine is then slowly pumped out of the pill.49. The passage implies that the osmotic pump pill is better than other pills andcapsules because____.A. it releases medicine slowly over a long period of timeB. the coating doesn't dissolve in the stomachC. the medicine in the pill can affect the body quicklyD. it helps to build pressure in the body50. The way that the osmotic pump pill works is based on a process called ____.A. celluloseB. osmosisC. pressureD. synthesis51. The passage implies that medicine in an osmotic pump pill will leave the pillwhen ____.A. the pill is swallowedB. the cellulose coating is dissolvedC. enough pressure builds up in the pillD. the medicine is dissolved with water from the body52. The passage implies that cellulose is a very porous substance because it contains____.A. millions of tiny holesB. a substance that dissolves itC. a substance that creates pressureD. liquid medicineQuestions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The pricesystem of the United States is a very complex network composed ofthe prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services,including labor, professional transportation, and public-utility services. Theinterrelationships of all these prices make up the "system" of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices inwhich everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else.If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals todefine "price", many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or, in other words, that price is the money value of a product orservice as agreed upon in a market transaction. This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiarwith not only the money amount, but also with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that supply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms return privileges, and other factors. In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total "package" being exchanged for the asked amount of money in order that they may evaluate a given price.53. According to the passage, the price system is related primarily to ____.A. labor and educationB. transportation and insuranceC. utilities and repairsD. products and services54. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a factor in completeunderstanding of price?A. Instructions that come with a product.B. The quantity of a product.C. The quality of a product.D. Warranties that cover a product.55. In the last sentence of the passage, the word "they" refers to____.A. return privilegesB. all the factorsC. buyer and sellerD. money56. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses ____.A. unusual ways to advertise productsB. types of payment plans for serviceC. theories about how products affect different levels of societyD. how certain elements of a price "package" influence its market value2007中石油职称英语考试试题(含答案及分析)英语, 中石油, 试题, 职称, 考试英语, 中石油, 试题, 职称, 考试声明:这是友人所答～错误之处请见谅试卷类型:17I. VocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choicesmarked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answeron the Answer Sheet.1. Your speech class will give you an opportunity to __ confidence.A. rewardB. winC. gainD. earn答案为C分析:翻译:你的演讲课会给你一次获得信心的机会。
中国石油职称英语考试真题及参考答案
花了一天时间做了一份真题答案，特做几点申明：1、仅为参考答案，由于水平问题，可能与每个人的答案会有出入，见仁见智吧，毕竟官方不给出标准答案。
2、作答依据大部分来源于网上搜索，尽可能地找到原题出处，实在无法找到出处的根据个人理解给出答案。
3、每题后列出了题目出处，并做出简单解析。
前40题错误应该不多，阅读理解部分无法保证全对。
中石油职称英语考试2016年真题及参考答案解析I. VocabularySection ADirections: There are some sentences in this section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are to choose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of the original sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase. Then mark your answer on the answer sheet.1、In most countries, the crime of murder carries harsh penalties.A. unconsciousB. thriveC. severeD.prudent【参考答案】C【释义】harsh adj.残酷的；严酷的；严厉的；恶劣的unconscious adj.无知觉的；昏迷的；不省人事的；无意识的thrive v.繁荣；茁壮成长；蓬勃发展；兴旺发达severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的；苛刻的prudent adj.谨慎的；慎重的；精明的2、I tell my mother about my trials at work and brag about the kids.A. lieB. boastC. secretiveD. feel awkward【参考答案】B【出处】2016版《通用选读》第28课That "Other Woman" in My Life第8段。
中国石油职称英语考试通用教材
1. President Hu Urges Efforts to Ensure Global Energy Security.（胡锦涛主席敦促国际社会协同努力保障全球能源安全）1. The international community should take joint efforts to ensure global energy security, Chinese President Hu Jintao said in St. Petersburg, Russia on July 17.2. "To ensure global energy security, we need to develop and implement a new energy security concept that calls for mutually beneficial cooperation, diversified forms of development and common energy security through coordination," Hu said in a written speech to the outreach session of the G8 summit.3. While global energy security is crucial to the economic growth and people's livelihood of all countries, the world peace and stability, and common development, "few countries can achieve energy security without joining in international cooperation," he stressed.4. In this regard, efforts should be made in the following three priority areas, Hu said.5. First, cooperation should be enhanced for mutual benefit in energy development and utilization.6. "To ensure global energy security, it is important to strengthen dialogue and cooperation between energy exporters and consumers and among major energy consumers," he said.7. He urged the international community to strengthen policy coordination and improve mechanisms for monitoring the international energy market and responding to energy emergencies.8. Second, a system for R&D and extension of advanced energy technologies needs to be put in place, Hu said.9. International cooperation should be promoted in R&D of key technologies in renewable energies, hydrogen power, nuclear power and other energy resources, and energy-saving technology should also be promoted, he said.10. Third, efforts should be made to maintain a sound political climate favorable to energy security and stability, Hu said.11. "We should join hands to safeguard stability of energy-producing countries and regions, the Middle East in particular," he said. "Energy issues should not be politicized, still less should countries willfully resort to force in tackling energy issues."12. Hu also explained China's energy strategy that can be summarized as follows: Give high priority to conservation, rely mainly on domestic supply, develop diverse energy resources, protect the environment, step up international cooperation of mutual benefit and ensure the stable supply of economical and clean energies.13. Hu pledged that China, as a major energy consumer and producer, "will make proper use of the international energy market and strengthen win-win cooperation with other energy producers and consumers on the basis of equality and mutual benefit to jointly safeguard global energy security."1、中国国家主席胡锦涛七月十七日在俄罗斯圣彼得堡发表讲话说，国际社会应该共同努力，保障全球能源安全。
中石油职称英语考试试卷暨答案
\I. Vo Q:2409934629Directions:contains the macula itself and it is called "organ of Corti"天然气Natural gas生油层Hydrocarbon generation油气运移Oil and gas migration垂直运移The vertical migration侧向运移Lateral migration储集层reservoir含有层Containing layer圈闭trap盖层cover隔层interlay遮挡Keep out含油面积Oil-bearing area油水边界Oil-water boundary储油面积Storage area工业油气藏Industrial oil and gas reservoirs构造油气藏Structural reservoirs地层油气藏Stratigraphic reservoirs岩性油气藏Lithologic reservoir储油构造Oil storage structure地质构造Geological structure沉积相The sedimentary facies沉积环境Sedimentary environmentwo languages. Ogilvy and Mather has about the same percentage. Conversely, someEuropean firms have half of more of their employees fluent in a second language.纵向分辨率verticalresolution测井仪器能够分辨出的地层的最小厚度。
电测井仪器通常以纵向积分几何因子为90%时对应的地层厚度作为仪器的纵向分辨率。
冲洗带flushedzone在渗透性地层中，与井壁相邻的地层受到钻井液滤液冲洗。
24年中国石化专业人员职称英语考试卷
24年中国石化专业人员职称英语考试卷全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇124-Year China Petrochemical Professional Title English Exam PaperInstructions:1. Time: 120 minutes2. Total Marks: 1003. Answer all questions4. Write your answers on the answer sheet providedSection A: Multiple Choice Questions (25 marks)Choose the correct answer for each question.1. The primary function of China Petrochemical Corporation is:A. Exploration and drillingB. Refining and processingC. Distribution and marketingD. All of the above2. The abbreviation SINOPEC stands for:A. Southern International Petroleum CorporationB. Sino Petroleum CorporationC. China National Petroleum CorporationD. China Petrochemical Corporation3. The main product of China Petrochemical Corporation is:A. Natural GasB. CoalC. PetroleumD. Uranium4. The headquarters of China Petrochemical Corporation is located in:A. ShanghaiB. BeijingC. GuangzhouD. Chengdu5. China Petrochemical Corporation was founded in the year:A. 1988B. 2001C. 1998D. 2002Section B: Short Answer Questions (30 marks)Answer the following questions in brief.6. Describe the process of refining crude oil.7. Explain the significance of Petrochemical industry in China.8. How does China Petrochemical Corporation contribute to the country's economy?9. Discuss the environmental challenges faced by China Petrochemical Corporation.10. What are the future prospects of the Petrochemical industry in China?Section C: Essay Questions (45 marks)Write an essay on ONE of the following topics.11. The role of technological advancements in the growth of China Petrochemical industry.12. The importance of safety measures in Petrochemical plants and refineries.13. The impact of China Petrochemical industry on global energy market.14. Sustainable practices in China Petrochemical Corporation.15. The challenges and opportunities for women professionals in Petrochemical sector.Best of luck with your exam!篇224th China Petroleum Professional Title Examination in EnglishPart I Multiple Choices (40 points)Directions: For each of the following questions, choose the best answer from the four choices given.1. Which of the following is NOT a type of crude oil?A. BrentB. WTIC. GoldD. Dubai2. The standard unit for measuring natural gas is:A. BarrelB. GallonC. Cubic meterD. Liter3. The chemical formula for methane is:A. CH4B. C2H6C. C3H8D. C4H104. Which of the following countries is NOT a member of OPEC?A. Saudi ArabiaB. QatarC. RussiaD. Venezuela5. The process of converting crude oil into gasoline is called:A. RefiningB. ExtractionC. ExplorationD. DrillingPart II True or False (30 points)Directions: Determine whether the following statements are true or false.1. Hydraulic fracturing is a technique used in the extraction of natural gas and oil. (T/F)2. The term "upstream" in the oil and gas industry refers to the exploration and production activities. (T/F)3. The Middle East is the largest producer of crude oil in the world. (T/F)4. The majority of natural gas reserves are found in North America. (T/F)5. The Strategic Petroleum Reserve in the United States is used for storing gasoline. (T/F)Part III Essay Questions (30 points)Directions: Answer the following questions in complete sentences.1. Explain the difference between conventional and unconventional oil and gas resources.2. What are the main challenges facing the global petroleum industry in the 21st century?3. Describe the process of hydraulic fracturing and its environmental impacts.4. Discuss the importance of renewable energy sources in reducing carbon emissions and combating climate change.5. How can the petroleum industry improve its sustainability and reduce its environmental footprint?Part IV Vocabulary and Definitions (10 points)Directions: Match the following vocabulary words with their definitions.1. Reservoir2. Shale3. Distillation4. Refinery5. Renewable energyA. A rock formation that contains oil or gasB. The process of separating components of a liquid mixture based on differences in boiling pointC. A facility that processes crude oil into various petroleum productsD. Energy derived from resources that are naturally replenishedE. A fine-grained sedimentary rock that contains oil and gasGood luck on your examination!篇324-Year China Petrochemical Professional Title English Exam PaperPart I: Multiple Choice1. What does the acronym PET mean in the field of petrochemicals?A) Polyethylene TerephthalateB) Petrochemical Ethylene TolueneC) Petroleum Extraction TechnologyD) Polypropylene Ethylene Toluene2. Which of the following is NOT a commonly used method in the production of ethylene?A) Steam CrackingB) Catalytic ReformingC) DehydrogenationD) Oxidative Coupling3. Which of the following is a primary product of the catalytic cracking process?A) EthyleneB) PropyleneC) ButadieneD) Methanol4. What is the main application of polyethylene in the petrochemical industry?A) Water treatmentB) PackagingC) Automotive fuelsD) Lubricants5. Which of the following is a major challenge in the field of renewable energy in the petrochemical industry?A) Greenhouse gas emissionsB) Technological advancementsC) Cost competitivenessD) Regulatory compliancePart II: Short Answer1. Explain the process of steam cracking and its importance in the production of petrochemicals.2. Discuss the role of catalysts in the production of various petrochemical products.3. Describe the applications of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in different industries.4. Explain the concept of downstream processing in the petrochemical industry and its significance.5. Discuss the impact of digitalization on the future of the petrochemical industry.Part III: Essay Questions1. Analyze the challenges and opportunities of transitioning to a more sustainable petrochemical industry.2. Discuss the role of China in the global petrochemical market and its implications for the future.3. Evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the petrochemical industry and the strategies for recovery.4. Explore the potential of bioplastics as a sustainable alternative in the petrochemical industry.5. Assess the importance of continuous professional development for petrochemical professionals in the rapidly changing industry landscape.Part IV: Case StudyYou are working as a process engineer in a petrochemical plant that is looking to optimize its production processes to reduce energy consumption and emissions. Develop a comprehensive plan outlining the steps you would take to achieve this goal, considering both technical and operational aspects.Good luck on your exam!。
2022年中石油职称英语考试真题及答案
2022年中石油职称英语考试真题及答案2022 CNPC Professional English Exam Questions and AnswersSection 1: Multiple Choice Questions1. Which of the following statements about CNPC is true?A. CNPC is a state-owned enterprise.B. CNPC was established in 1988.C. CNPC is the largest oil company in the world.D. CNPC's headquarters is located in Shanghai.Answer: A. CNPC is a state-owned enterprise.2. What is CNPC's main business?A. TelecommunicationsB. Real estateC. Oil and gas explorationD. AgricultureAnswer: C. Oil and gas exploration3. How many subsidiaries does CNPC have?A. 10B. 25C. 50D. 100Answer: C. 50Section 2: Fill in the Blanks4. CNPC's main headquarters is located in__________. Answer: Beijing5. CNPC was established in__________.Answer: 19886. CNPC is one of the _________oil companies in the world. Answer: largestSection 3: True or False7. CNPC is a privately-owned company.Answer: False8. CNPC's main business is in telecommunications. Answer: False9. CNPC has subsidiaries in over 100 countries.Answer: TrueSection 4: Short Answer Questions10. What are some of the key challenges CNPC faces in the oil and gas industry?Answer: Some key challenges CNPC faces in the oil and gas industry include fluctuating oil prices, environmental concerns, and geopolitical risks.11. How does CNPC contribute to China's energy security?Answer: CNPC contributes to China's energy security by exploring and producing domestic oil and gas resources, as well as securing overseas energy assets through international partnerships and acquisitions.In conclusion, CNPC plays a crucial role in China's energy industry as a leading state-owned oil and gas company. By effectively managing its operations and expanding its global reach, CNPC continues to make significant contributions to China's energy security and economic development.。
中石油职称英语课文讲稿1-60第01课 (46)
47.The natural[adj.自然的，天生的] time sense[n.感觉；意.识]天赋的时间感、（已经作为07年阅读考过）1. One of the most amazing[a.令人惊异的]of living things, the honeybee, has recently been shown to possess[vt.拥有，具有] still another remarkable[adj.非凡的] skill. It has a built-in alarm clock that goes off exactly every 24 hours.1、生物中最令人惊奇的东西之一是蜜蜂，在最近的研究里它又显示出它持有的另一种非凡本领。
蜜蜂身体里有一个天生的“闹钟”，它准确地每24小时循环一次。
分析：go off＝（钟表）响；单词：natural＝天生的；sense＝感觉；amazing＝令人惊异的；possess＝拥有；remarkable＝非凡的；2. Scientists have long known that bees carry a sort of wrist watch inside their bodies. They will return to the same spot, day after day, right to the minute, to feed on sugar-water left for them. To find out how the bees manage[设法] to tell time, an unusual experiment was carried out four years ago. Two young German biologists in Paris trained bees to come out for sugar-water every day at exactly 8:15 p.m. The scientists then set out to baffle[v.使困惑]the bees. When it is 8:15 p.m. in Paris, New York City's Eastern Day-light Saving time is only 3:15 p.m.If the hive[n.蜂箱]were flown to New York between feedings, which time would the bees follow-Paris’ or New York's?2、科学家早已知道，蜜蜂在它的身体里带着某种手表。
中石油、中石化职称英语考试参考用书
第一部分通用英语Part OneEnglish for General PurposesUNIT 1 How to be Happy如何获得幸福TextRead the text. Answer the given questions and translate the underlined sentences or paragraphs into Chinese.In the past two weeks we have looked at the happiness formula defined by positive psychologist Martin Seligman, where H (happiness) = S (your biological set point for feeling happy) + C (the conditions of your life) + V (the voluntary choices you make). This week we look at the conditions in life that can improve our happiness quotient.Step 1: Peace and quietJonathon Haidt in his excellent book, The Happiness Hypothesis, notes that research shows that we can never completely adapt to new or chronic noise pollution. Loud noises trigger one of our most primitive fear responses (the other is the fear of falling) and we can never fully relax if we are surrounded by intrusive noise. It is essential to have some peace and quiet every day. If you areunfortunate enough to live somewhere noisy, persist with complaining to your local council. Additionally, try wearing wax earplugs to have some respite. If you need your TV, radio or music up loud, wearing headphones demonstrates altruism to your neighbours, which will make you and them feel good.Step 2: RelationshipsThis is the most important of all the external conditions that can improve your happiness quotient. Often our deepest sources of unhappiness are found in poor relationships with others. A cruelly conflictual relationship with a partner or lover leaves us feeling betrayed and abandoned. A relationship with our parents or children which is not based on compassionate, unconditional regard creates isolation and misery. When faced with such relationships, the most positive thing we can do is to either mend the relationship by confronting what is going wrong or learn to move on.Step 3: ShareIf you have discovered conditions or choices in life that have significantly improved your wellbeing, remember to share them with friends. Passing on what works is essential to improve the wellbeing of our own and others.1. What's the happiness formula according to the passage?2. Why can we never completely adapt to new or chronicnoise pollution?3. How could we make both ourselves and the neighbors feel good?4. Where does the unhappiness come from?5. What is the positive way to face with the cruelly conflictual relationship?ExercisesA. Translate the following sentences into English.1．吵闹的邻居的确对我们家庭不和(domestic upset)有很大影响。
中石油 职称英语考试
【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】中石油职称英语考试2015版通用选读目录1.The Value of Time 时间的价值...................................................................................................................................2.English is a Crazy Language 英语是一门疯狂的语言.................................................................................................3.All I Learned in Kindergarten 幼儿园所学的... ...........................................................................................................4.How to Negotiate with Americans 如何与美国人谈判（新）..................................................................................work Security 网络安全 ........................................................................................................................................6.Carbon-based Alternative 碳基替代燃料...................................................................................................................7.Automatic Auto: a Car That Drives Itself 无人驾驶汽车 ............................................................................................8.Our Family Creed 家族的信条 ....................................................................................................................................9.The art of public Speaking 公共演讲的艺术 ..............................................................................................................10.Sweep a Fuel Craft Invest Fever 清洁能源行业投资热潮 .......................................................................................11.Smoking and Cancer 吸烟和癌 .................................................................................................................................12.The Positive Meanings of Love 爱的真谛 .................................................................................................................13.Does Exercise Have Unexpected Benefits?运动有奇效吗?.......................................................................................14..Taking chances，Making chances 抓住机遇，制造机遇.......................................................................................15.The Province of Alberta 阿尔伯达省 ........................................................................................................................16.The American Way: Family 美国人的家庭观 ...........................................................................................................puters Give Big Boosts to Productivity计算机技术极大提高生产效率...........................................................18.The Principles of International Trade国际贸易原理 ................................................................................................19.A World without Oil 假如世界没有石油..................................................................................................................20.The Germanic Languages日耳曼语系.......................................................................................................................21.How Americans Eat and Drink 美国人的饮食 ..........................................................................................................22.The Delights of South Island 南岛之乐 .....................................................................................................................23.A Sandpiper to Bring You Joy 矶鹞带来快乐............................................................................................................24.An Introduction to Distillation 蒸馏概述..................................................................................................................25. Hints to Improve Spoken English 提高英语口语须知.............................................................................................。
2017中石油职称英语真题与答案解析（可编辑修改word版）
2017中石油职称英语真题与答案解析（可编辑修改word版）2016 年中石油职称英语考试真题及参考答案解析I.VocabularySection ADirections: There are some sentences inthis section. Below each sentence are four other words or phrases. You are tochoose the one word or phrase which would best keeping the meaning of theoriginal sentence if it were substituted for the underlined word or phrase.Then mark your answer onthe answer sheet.1、In most countries,the crime of murder carries harsh penalties.A. unconsciousB. thriveC. severeD.prudent【参考答案】C【释义】harsh adj.残酷的；严酷的；严厉的；恶劣的unconscious adj.无知觉的；昏迷的；不省人事的；无意识的thrive v.繁荣；茁壮成长；蓬勃发展；兴旺发达severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的；苛刻的prudent adj.谨慎的；慎重的；精明的2、I tell my motherabout my trials at work and brag about the kids.A. lieB. boastC. secretiveD. feel awkward【参考答案】B【出处】2016 版《通用选读》第 28 课 That "Other Woman" in My Life 第 8 段。
中石油职称英语课文讲稿1-60第01课（20）
中石油职称英语课文讲稿1-60第01课（20）第一篇：中石油职称英语课文讲稿1-60第01课 (20)1.The need for effective[adj.有效的] public speaking will almost certainly touch you sometime[adv.将来某个时候,过去某个时间] in your life.When it does, you want to be ready.But even if you never give another speech in your life, you still have much to gain from studying public speaking.Your speech class will give you training in researching topics, organizing[(organize):vt.组织] your ideas, and presenting yourself skillfully[技巧的].The training is invaluable[munication[n.交流，交际].非常宝贵的] for every type of1、在你生活的某个时刻，几乎必定需要做某种有影响力的公开演讲。
当这个时刻来到时，你希望自己十分有把握。
但是，即便你从未发表过一个演讲，你仍然会从学习公共演说中获益良多。
你的演讲课将会在研究主题、组织思路、和表现技巧方面对你进行训练。
这种训练对任何类型的交流都是非常宝贵的。
分析：；effective有效地，efficient效率高的；sometime某个时候，some time 一些时间，sometimes有时候，some times一些次数； even if =即使； present V.介绍，赠给，展现，a.出席的，到场的；invaluable=priceless 无价的，非常宝贵的，valueless=worthless没有价值的；2.There are many similarities[(similarity):n.相似,类似] between public speaking and daily conversation[n.谈话；交谈].The three major[a.主要的] goals of speaking-to inform[vt.传达], to persuade[vt.说服；to entertain[娱乐]-are also the three major 劝说], goals of everyday conversation.In conversation, almost without thinking about it, you employ[vt.使用] a wide range[n.一系列] of skills[(skill):n.技能；技巧].You organize[vt.组织] your ideas logically[符合逻辑的].You tailor[vt.修改] your message to youraudience[n.听众].You tell a story for maximum[最大量(的)] impact[n.You adapt[v.使适应,使适合]影响].to feedback[n.回授,反馈] from your listener.These are among the most important skills[(skill):n.技能；技巧] you will need for public speaking.2、在公开演讲和日常交谈之间有许多类似的东西。
中石化 职称英语通用部分
【经典资料，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可编辑修改】【经典考试资料，答案附后，看后必过，ＷＯＲＤ文档，可修改】第一部分一、阅读理解：(一)How to be Happy如何获得幸福In the past two weeks过去两周我们研究了一项幸福公式，这是由乐观心理学家马丁.塞里格曼定义的。
在这个公式中，H（幸福）=S（个人生理幸福感受的固定指数）+C（个人生活状态）+（个人主观选择）。
本周我们将着眼于能提升幸福指数的生活状态。
第一步：平和安静Jonathon Haidit in his excellent乔纳森.海迪在他的优秀着作《幸福假说》当中提到，研究调查显示，我们不可能完全适应噪音污染，无论是新近的还是长期的。
巨大噪音会引发我们面对恐惧的某种本能反应（另一种时对于坠落的恐惧）。
如果周遭噪音喧闹，我们不可能完全放松。
每日保持平和与宁静事关重要。
如果你不幸生活在比较嘈杂吵得环境中，请一定要坚持去居委会投诉。
另外，尝试使用耳塞，可能会缓解噪声。
如果需要大音量看电视、听收音机或放音乐的话，记得带上耳机，别影响邻里，这样可以使双方都感到舒适。
第二步：人际关系This is the most important这是增加幸福指数的一条至关重要的外部条件。
我们感到不快乐的最深层原因，往往就是人际关系欠佳。
与搭档或者爱人的关系陷入激烈的冲突中，会让我们感觉到背叛和遗弃的感觉。
父母和孩子之间如果缺乏同情心和无私关怀，会产生隔阂和痛苦。
当我们面临这类问题时，最好的办法是直视难题，修复关系，或者学着继续前进。
第三步：分享If you have discovered conditions如果你发觉生活状态或做的某项决定对幸福生活有重大帮助的话，记得与你的朋友分享。
将有用的发现和更多人分享，这对增进自己的幸福和他人的幸福都有积极的作用。
问题：What’s the happiness formula according to the passage？The formula refers to H=S+C+VWhy can we never completely adapt to…Loud noises trigger one of our most primitive fear responses and we can never fully relax if we are surrounded by intrusive noise.。
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2019年中石油职称英语试题及答案完整版（试卷类型 24）英语, 中石油, 试题, 试卷, 职称英语, 中石油, 试题, 试卷, 职称英语水平考试试卷类型：24答卷注意事项1、请各位考生拿到试卷以后首先检查试卷类型（在本页右上角）是否和自己的准考证号末两位一致，如不一致请立即要求监考教师更换，否则将影响成绩。
2、本次考试包括试卷一和试卷二，考试时间为9:00-11:00。
试卷一为客观选择题，在标准答题卡上用2B铅笔将所选答案划出。
试卷二为翻译题，将译文写在答题纸上，填上单位、姓名、准考证号、考场号、考点，以备核对总分。
3、试卷一为标准化考试，所有答案必须在标准化答题卡上划出，若答在试卷上不予评分，后果自负。
4、在填写被准话答题卡时应注意：1）在填写“姓名、单位、准考证号”等栏目时，应用钢笔或圆珠笔。
在填涂准考证号时，一律用2B铅笔划横线。
注意准考证号不要漏涂或涂错，否则客观题部分将无成绩，责任由考生自负。
2）试卷一答题时一律用2B铅笔，若用钢笔或圆珠笔答题均无效，请按答题卡上“正确填涂”的示范划横线，横线长度和宽度以方框为准，若划“√、○、／、＼”等符号均为无效。
3）答题卡四角应保持平整，不应折角或皱卷，以免影响阅卷机工作。
4）如需更改答案时，应先用橡皮擦净后，再划线答题。
5、试卷二为翻译试题，请根据参加考试的级别选择一段翻译。
一律用钢笔或圆珠笔答在答题纸上。
字迹应尽量工整，用字规范，以免影响阅卷。
6、考场内考生只允许带2B铅笔、橡皮、尺子、钢笔或圆珠笔，其他词典、书本、资料和电子词典、BP机、手机、掌上电脑等工具一律不准带入场内。
7、遵守考场纪律，不得有交头接耳、左顾右盼、抄带纸条等作弊行为，一经发现，立即清除出场，并由人事部门严肃处理。
试卷一I. VocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. Being able to save and accumulatewealth is not automatic.A. considerateB. considerableC. consciousD. careful2. Wonderfulof nature are all around us.A. appearanceB. experienceC. phenomenaD. philosophy3. The whole countywith little red hear ts on Valentine’s Day.A. breaks inB. breaks intoC. breaks offD. breaks out4. If I were the president of a university I shoulda compulsory course in “How to Use Your Eyes”.A. escapeB. establishC. estateD. elapse5. The statement that oil originated in the sea is by a glance at a map showing the chief oilfield of the world.A. confinedB. confessedC. conformedD. confirmed6. Almost 70 percent of all non-food purchases in supermarkets are generated byin-store .A. decidedB. decisiveC. decideD. decisions7. I believe that truth and justice areto an enduring social order.A. fundamentalB. fountainC. formationD. friction8. Some of these “upside down” airmail stamps are now over $6,000.A. worthyB. worthedC. worthD. worthwhile9. The early pioneers had tomany hardships to settle on the new land.A. go intoB. go along withC. go back onD. go through10. Remember that customers don't about prices in that city.A. disputeB. bargainC. consultD. discuss11. Difficulties and hardships havethe best qualities of the young geologist.A. brought aboutB. brought inC. brought upD. brought out12. Do you know where the pictures on moneyA. resulted fromB. removed fromC. came fromD. fell from13. I oftenabout how quickly time flies.A. complainB. complaintC. compileD. conceive14. I'm with computer programs that correct spelling through the use of built-in dictionaries.A. commonB. familiarC. knownD. friendly15. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death from heart disease than non-smoking males.A. rateB. priceC. speedD. degree16. With winter here you canthese skirts till you need them again next summer.A. get rid ofB. give awayC. do away withD. put away17. The good service at the hotelthe poor food to some extent.A. made forB. made outC. made up forD. mad use of18. Those gifts of rare books that were given to us were deeply .A. appliedB. appreciatedC. approvedD. appealed19. Inflation is the first problem that the new government will have to .A. revolveB. graspC. seizeD. tackle20. Few people whoof high school will be rich.A. run downB. check inC. drop outD. check outII. Grammatical StructureDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.21. The young receptionist doesn't permitin the exhibition center.A. smokingB. to smokeC. smokeD. to have smoked22. I wish to thank you for the incomparable hospitality forthe Chinese people are justly famous throughout the world.A. whatB. whomC. thatD. which23. More than two thousandswork in this refinery.A. RussiasB. RussianC. RussiansD Russia24. The ancient Egyptians believed all illnesses were related to was eaten.A. whatB. whichC. itD. that25. If all the continents and mountains were bulldozed fiat, the earth by water more than 12,000 feet deep.A. could have been coveredB. might had been coveredC. is coveredD. would be covered26. Since 1939, numerous scientific studiesto determine whether smoking is a health hazard.A. have been conductedB. are conductedC. is conductedD. being conducted27. All the money , we started looking for work.A. has been spentB. have been spentC. being spentD. having been spent28. One main branch of sea science, , holds enormous unanswered questions.A. physical oceanographyB. is physical oceanographyC. called physical oceanographyD. what is physical oceanography29. Ancrowd is awaiting the arrival of the famed statesman.A. exciteB. excitedlyC. excitedD. exciting30. Therea lot ofon the roads yesterday.A. were...trafficB. was...trafficC. were...trafficsD. was...traffics31. China and America are separated by .A. Pacific OceanB. a Pacific OceanC. the Pacific OceanD. Pacific Oceans32.to completely cut off its oil supply, it would badly damage its own economy.A. If Iran wasB. Was IranC. If Iran isD. Were Iran33.in 1943the harmful smog made its appearance in Los Angeles.A. Only...thatB. It was...thenC. That it was...whenD. It was...that34. The population of Beijing is three timesthat of Qingdao.A. so large asB. as large toC. as large asD. as larger than35. Hehis office for there was no one to answer the phone.A. must have leftB. must leaveC. may have leftD. can have left36. Jane's family couldn't agree on where to spendvacation.A. hisB. herC. itsD. their37. I will leave him a notehe will know where we are.A. so thatB. thatC. in orderD. in case38. The teacher thinks that Tomfor the accident and instead we should try to comfort him.A. doesn't blameB. is to blameC. isn't to blameD. isn't blamed39. When I pulled into her driveway, sheby the door with her coat on.A. is waitingB. was waitingC. waitsD. waited40. The clerk asked Robeylater in the day.A. returningB. to returnC. returnD. to be returnedIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:There are 5 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by4 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.Questions 41 to 44 are based on the following passage:One of the most interesting paradoxes in America today is that Harvard University,the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States, is now engaged in a serious debate about what a university should be, and whether it is measuring up. Like the Roman Catholic Church and other ancient institutions, it is asking—still in private rather than in public—whether its past assumptions about faculty, authority, admissions, courses of study, are really relevant to the problems of the 1990's. Should Harvard—or any other university—be an intellectual sanctuary, apart from the political and social revolution of the age, or should it be a laboratory for experimentation with these political and social revolutions; or even an engine of the revolution? This is what is being discussed privately in the big clapboard houses offaculty members around the Harvard Yard.The issue was defined by Waiter Lippmann, a distinguished Harvard graduate, severalyears ago.“If the universities are to do their work," he said, "they must be independent and they must be disinterested...They are places to which men can turn for judgments which are unbiased by partisanship and special interest. Obviously, the moment theuniversities fall under political control, or under the control of private interests, or the moment they themselves take a hand in politics and the leadership of government, their value as independent and disinterested source s of judgment is impaired...”This is part of the argument that is going on at Harvard today. Another part is the argument of the militant and even many moderate students: that a university is the keeper of our ideals and morals, and should not be “disinterested” but activist inbringing the nation's ideals and actions together.Harvard's men of today seem more troubled and less sure about personal, political and academic purpose than they did at the beginning. They are not even clear about how they should debate and resolve their problems, but they are struggling with them privately, and how they come out is bound to influence American universities andpolitical life in the 1990's.41. The issues in the debate on Harvard's goals are whether the universities shouldremain independent of our society and its problems, and whether they should . A. overcome the widespread drug dependencyB. take an active part in solving society's illsC. fight militarismD. support our old and established institutions42. Th e word “paradox” in paragraph 1 is .A. an abnormal conditionB. a parenthetical expressionC. a difficult puzzleD. a self-contradiction43. The word “sanctuary” in paragraph 3 is .A. a temple or nunnery of middle ageB. a certain place you can hide in and avoid mishapsC. a holy place dedicated to a certain godD. an academy for intelligent people44. In the author's judgment, the ferment going on at Harvard .A. will soon be over, because times are bound to changeB. is of interest mostly to Harvard men and their friendsC. will influence future life in AmericaD. is a sad symbol of our general bewildermentQuestions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage:Scientists now believe that many, if not all, living things are born with some type of hidden clock. These clocks are sometimes set by the number of hours of light or darkness in a day, by the rhythm of the tides or by the seasons.One of the most remarkable of nature's living clocks belongs to the fiddler crab, that familiar beach-dweller with tile overgrown claw. Biologists have long known that the crab's shell is darkest during the day, grows pale in late afternoon, then begins todarken again at daybreak. This daytime darkening is valuable for protection against enemies and sunlight, and for many years it was thought to be a simple response by the crab to the sun--just as if we were to get a tan during the day and lose it at night. But when an enterprising scientist placed a fiddler crab in darkness, be was amazed to find that the color of the crab's shell kept ticking off the time with the same accuracy.Yet another startling fact was revealed: the crab's shell reached the darkest color about 50 minutes later each day. There was a second clock inside the crab, for the tides also occur 50 minutes later from day to day. Moreover, even when the crabs were taken from the beach and put back in the dark, they continued their tidal rhythm.More research disclosed that a crab from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, reached its darkest color four hours earlier than the one taken from a beach on a neighboring island. The tides on the nearby island were found to be exactly four hours later thanthe Cape Cod tides.Ants don't carry calendars around with them any more than fiddler crabs possess real wrist watches. But ants show amazing accuracy as to the day of the year. Each year, an ant nest sends out winged, young queens on mating flights. Hundreds of them may fly out of a single nest in the soil. Last summer, at the crest of my mountain, I watched an ant city prepare to send forth its young queens. At the precise moment that they took wing, a colony of the same species that my wife was watching near the bottom of the mountain, also sent its queen on a wedding flight. There was, of course, no way could the two colonies have checked take off time with each other. Entomologist Albro T. Gaul once jotted down in his notebook that a particular the same time! This split-second timing is not always the rule. However, most flights takeplace within a definite period of time.Birds also have built-in timepieces which send them off on fall and spring migrations. What the birds really have is a clock like mechanism which allows them to time hoursof darkness or light in each day.But what sends birds northward again in the spring? New research by Dr. Albert Wdifson of Northwestern University seems to indicate that the timing of return flight is extraordinarily complex. In the fall of the year the short days and long nights cause the "clocks" in migratory birds to undergo a kind of "winding" in preparation for their spring return and breeding. Then during the late fall and winter as the clock "ticks", certain physiological changes occur in the bird. The length of each day during the winter determines how fast the clock will run, and hence when the "alarm" will ring for the spring migration. The clock continues to run through breeding time, thenstops—to be re-wound again the next fall.45. The alarm clock that determines the activity of certain living things is governedby ____.A. hours of daylightB. the time of day in their native environmentsC. the moonD. something we don't understand completely46. The fiddler crab seems to darken his color according to ____.A. time of sunriseB. its backgroundC. amount of daylightD. time of tides47. The reported activity of the ant colony occurred in relation to ____.A. the position of the sunB. the day of the yearC. the temperatureD. the geographical location48. What controls the migration of birds seems to be ____.A. dark, cloudy days and bright, sunny daysB. direction of migrationC. time between sunrise and sunsetD. breeding habitsQuestions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:Medicine comes in many forms. In its liquid form, medicine affects the body very quickly. But the effects of liquid medicine aren't usually long lasting. That is whypills and capsules are also used.The pills and capsules being sold today aren't perfect, either. Pills dissolve in the stomach. The medicine in the pills is released when the pills dissolve. But often, thepills dissolve too quickly.Scientists have been trying to develop a pill that can release medicine slowly over a long period of time. They have applied their knowledge of plants to produce the“osmotic (渗透的) pump pill”.The cell walls of plants are made of cellulose (纤维素). Cellulose is a very porous substance. There are millions of tiny holes, or pores, in the cellulose walls of plants. These holes are big enough to allow water through the cell walls. As water enters a cell, pressure builds up in the cell. The pressure pumps other substances out of the cell. These substances leave the cell through the cellulose wall. This slow, steadyprocess is called osmosis.The osmotic pump pill is coated with synthetic cellulose. Liquid medicine is contained in the pill. The holes in the cellulose coating of the pill are big enough to allow water in the pill. As water from the body enters the pill, pressure builds up andthe medicine is then slowly pumped out of the pill.49. The passage implies that the osmotic pump pill is better than other pills andcapsules because____.A. it releases medicine slowly over a long period of timeB. the coating doesn't dissolve in the stomachC. the medicine in the pill can affect the body quicklyD. it helps to build pressure in the body50. The way that the osmotic pump pill works is based on a process called ____.A. celluloseB. osmosisC. pressureD. synthesis51. The passage implies that medicine in an osmotic pump pill will leave the pillwhen ____.A. the pill is swallowedB. the cellulose coating is dissolvedC. enough pressure builds up in the pillD. the medicine is dissolved with water from the body52. The passage implies that cellulose is a very porous substance because it contains____.A. millions of tiny holesB. a substance that dissolves itC. a substance that creates pressureD. liquid medicineQuestions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:Prices determine how resources are to be used. They are also the means by which products and services that are in limited supply are rationed among buyers. The price system of the United States is a very complex network composed of the prices of all the products bought and sold in the economy as well as those of a myriad of services, including labor, professional transportation, and public-utility services. The interrelationships of all these prices make up the "system" of prices. The price of any particular product or service is linked to a broad, complicated system of prices in which everything seems to depend more or less upon everything else.If one were to ask a group of randomly selected individuals to define "price", many would reply that price is an amount of money paid by the buyer to the seller of a product or service or, in other words, that price is the money value of a product orservice as agreed upon in a market transaction. This definition is, of course, valid as far as it goes. For a complete understanding of a price in any particular transaction, much more than the amount of money involved must be known. Both the buyer and the seller should be familiar with not only the money amount, but also with the amount and quality of the product or service to be exchanged, the time and place at which the exchange will take place and payment will be made, the form of money to be used, the credit terms and discounts that supply to the transaction, guarantees on the product or service, delivery terms return privileges, and other factors. In other words, both buyer and seller should be fully aware of all the factors that comprise the total "package" being exchanged for the asked amount of money in order that theymay evaluate a given price.53. According to the passage, the price system is related primarily to ____.A. labor and educationB. transportation and insuranceC. utilities and repairsD. products and services54. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a factor in completeunderstanding of price?A. Instructions that come with a product.B. The quantity of a product.C. The quality of a product.D. Warranties that cover a product.55. In the last sentence of the passage, the word "they" refers to ____.A. return privilegesB. all the factorsC. buyer and sellerD. money56. The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses ____.A. unusual ways to advertise productsB. types of payment plans for serviceC. theories about how products affect different levels of societyD. how certain elements of a price "package" influence its market value2019中石油职称英语考试试题（含答案及分析）英语, 中石油, 试题, 职称, 考试英语, 中石油, 试题, 职称, 考试声明：这是友人所答，错误之处请见谅试卷类型：17I. VocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence and mark your answeron the Answer Sheet.1. Your speech class will give you an opportunity to __ confidence.A. rewardB. winC. gainD. earn答案为C分析：翻译：你的演讲课会给你一次获得信心的机会。