考研中医综合中医诊断学(绪论)-试卷1-1

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考研中医综合中医诊断学(问诊)-试卷1-1

考研中医综合中医诊断学(问诊)-试卷1-1

考研中医综合中医诊断学(问诊)-试卷1-1(总分:64.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、 A1型题(总题数:15,分数:30.00)1.下列哪项不属于问诊中一般情况的内容(分数:2.00)A.姓名B.性别C.年龄D.主诉√解析:解析:问诊中一般情况的内容包括姓名,性别,年龄,职业,婚否,民族,籍贯,工作单位;现住址等。

2.下列哪项不属于问诊中现在症状的内容(分数:2.00)A.发病情况B.病变过程C.诊治经过D.接种疫苗情况√解析:解析:接种疫苗情况属于既往史,不属于现在症状的内容。

3.下列哪项不属于问诊中个人生活史的内容(分数:2.00)A.生活经历B.精神情志C.饮食嗜好D.素体健康状况√解析:解析:问诊中个人生活史的内容有生活经历,精神情志,饮食起居,婚姻生育,小儿出生前后情况。

4.婚姻生育情况属于问诊中(分数:2.00)A.一般情况B.现病史C.既往病史D.个人生活史√解析:解析:问诊中个人生活史的内容有生活经历,精神情志,饮食起居,婚姻生育,小儿出生前后情况。

5.下午3~5时热势较高者属(分数:2.00)A.阴虚潮热B.骨蒸劳热C.日晡潮热√D.阳明潮热解析:解析:日晡潮热为下午3~5时(即申时)热势较高者;午后和夜间有低热者称为午后或夜间潮热;有热自骨内向外透6.半身汗出,是因(分数:2.00)A.风痰阻滞经络√B.中焦郁热C.阳气虚损D.阴虚火旺解析:解析:半身汗出多因风痰、痰瘀、风湿阻滞经络,营卫不能周流,气血失和所致,故《素问生气通天论》说:“汗出偏沮,使人偏枯”。

7.厥阴头痛的特点是(分数:2.00)A.前额疼痛连及眉棱骨B.后头痛连项C.两侧太阳穴附近痛D.巅顶头痛√解析:解析:足厥阴经系目系达巅顶,故巅顶痛,病在厥阴经;阳明经与任脉行于头前,故前额疼痛连及眉棱骨,病在阳明经;太阳经与督脉行于头后,故后头痛连项痛,病在太阳经;少阳经行于头两侧,故头两侧痛,病在少阳经。

8.以下哪项不是导致便秘的常见原因(分数:2.00)A.胃火B.肝胃不和√C.阴血不足D.寒凝胃肠解析:解析:胃肠积热,或阳虚寒凝,或气血阴津亏损,或腹内癥块阻结等,可导致肠道燥化太过,肠失濡润,或推运无力,传导迟缓,气机阻滞而成便秘。

《中医诊断学》综合试题一及答案

《中医诊断学》综合试题一及答案

《中医诊断学》综合试题一及答案一、单项选择题(从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳答案,填入题后括号内,共20小题,每题1分,共20分)1.下列何项对表证的诊断最有意义()A.发热B.恶寒C.苔薄D.脉浮【答案】B2.下列何项与发热性疾病无关()A.恶风B.恶寒C.寒战D.畏寒【答案】D3.冷汗淋漓见于()A.气虚证B.阳虚证C.亡阳证D.亡阴证【答案】C4.饥不欲食见于()A.脾气虚证B.脾阳虚证C.胃气虚证D.胃阴虚证【答案】D5.下列何项不属正常舌象()A.舌色淡红B.舌质娇嫩C.舌体柔软D.舌苔藻白【答案】B6.舌苔颜色对辨何项最有意义()A.证之表里B.证之寒热C.证之虚实D.证之真假【答案】B7.舌苔有根无据主要辨别()A.正邪盛衰B.气血盛衰C.胃气存亡D.津液存亡【答案】C8.下列何脉并非细软并见()A.濡脉B.弱脉C.微脉D.虚脉【答案】D9.结脉与促脉的区别在于()A.脉形B.力度C.脉律D.脉率【答案】D10.濡脉与弱脉的区别在于()A.脉位B.脉形C.力度D.脉率【答案】A11.迟脉除寒证外还可见于()A.湿热内蕴B.邪热结聚C.真寒假热D.真热假寒【答案】B12.下列何项不是心阴虚证.心血虚证的共有表现()A.心悸B.失眠C.心烦D.脉细【答案】C13.下列何项不属胃气上逆()A.呃逆B.嗳气C.太息D.呕吐【答案】C14.下列何项不是气滞证的表现()A.头部胀痛B.胸胁胀痛C.乳房胀痛D.少腹胀痛【答案】A15.心脾两虚证除脾气虚外.还有()A.心气虚B.心血虚C.心阴虚D.心阳虚【答案】B16.手足震颤与下列何项有关()A.阴虚动风证B.血虚生风证C.肝阳化风证D.热极生风证【答案】A17.下列何项不是肾气不固证的表现()A.尿频遗尿B.腰膝酸软C.呼多吸少D.滑精早泄【答案】C18.耳聋与下列何项无关()A.肾精不足B.肾气不固C.肝火炽盛D.肝火犯肺【答案】D19.发育不良与下列何项有关()A.肾阴虚B.肾阳虚C.肾精虚D.肾气虚【答案】C20.牙龈肿痛见于()A.心火炽盛B.肝火炽盛C.肺热炽盛D.胃热炽盛【答案】D二、多项选择题(从每题五个选项中选择2—5个答案,共10小题,每题1分,共10分)1.寒热往来见于()A.太阳病B.少阳病C.表证D.半表半里证E.疟疾【答案】BDE2.自汗见于()A.气虚证B.血虚证C.阴虚证D.阳虚证E.亡阳证【答案】AD3.口渴多饮见于()A.实热B.虚热C.湿热D.亡阴E.消渴【答案】AE4.五更泄见于()A.脾阳虚B.肾阳虚C.脾肾阳虚D.心肾阳虚E.心肾不交【答案】BC5.下列何项是肝阳上亢证的表现()A.腰膝酸软B.头晕胀痛C.急燥易怒D.失眠多梦E.舌红少津【答案】ABCD6.舌红苔黄腻见于下列何项()A.肝胆湿热B.胆郁痰扰C.痰火扰心D.黄带E.阴黄【答案】ABCD7.排便不爽与下列何项有关()A.大肠湿热B.湿热蕴脾C.肝郁脾虚(肝脾不调)D.肝胃不和E.寒湿困脾【答案】ABC8.失眠与下列何项有关()A.心气虚B.心阳虚C.心血虚D.心阴虚E.心火盛【答案】CDE9.干咳无痰或痰少而黏见于()A.风热犯肺证B.燥邪犯肺证C.肺热炽盛证D.肺阴虚证E.肺气虚证【答案】BD10.声音嘶哑见于()A.心阴虚证B.肺阴虚证C.心肾阴虚证D.肺肾阴虚证E.肝肾阴虚证【答案】BD三.填空题(每空1分.共15分)1.临床表现是()的依据.【答案】辨证2.诊断是()的依据.【答案】论治3.中医诊断学的原理包括司外揣内(),见微知著.【答案】知常达变4.洪脉的主病是实热证气分证().【答案】阳明经证5.滑脉的主病是实热(),().【答案】痰饮、食积6.舌苔藻黄灰黑(),().【答案】寒证、热证7.肝阳上亢证的下虚上盛是指(),().【答案】肝肾阴虚.肝阳上亢8.临床表现:纳呆、腹胀、便溏、咳喘、短气、神疲乏力、少气懒言、舌淡、脉弱拟诊为()证。

【精品】考研中医综合中医诊断学(闻诊)-试卷1-1

【精品】考研中医综合中医诊断学(闻诊)-试卷1-1

考研中医综合中医诊断学(闻诊)-试卷1-1 (总分:64.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、【A】1型题(总题数:15,分数:30.00)1.失音是指【A】.发音困难【B】.声音不清脆【C】.完全不能发音(此项为本题参考答案)【D】.声齐不响亮本题思路:失音即是指完全不能发音。

2.“金实不鸣”的原因多为【A】.邪气犯肺(此项为本题参考答案)【B】.津枯肺损【C】.气虚无力【D】.虚火灼金本题思路:“金实不鸣”是指邪气犯肺而致肺气壅塞不宣,声门闭阻,故有声音嘶哑。

3.成年人的呼吸次数,正常值为【A】.40次/分钟【B】.16~20次/分钟(此项为本题参考答案)【C】.25次/分钟【D】.16次/分钟本题思路:成年人的正常呼吸次数为16~20次/分钟。

4.呼吸微弱,短而声低,称为【A】.上气【B】.短气【C】.气微【D】.少气(此项为本题参考答案)本题思路:少气即是指呼吸微弱,气短而声低。

5.阳虚久病,突发喷嚏连连,多为【A】.阳气回复(此项为本题参考答案)【B】.新感外邪【C】.阳气衰败【D】.阳气亡失本题思路:此为阳气回复之征。

6.神志不清,语言重复,声音低微,时断时续,称为【A】.谵语【B】.郑声(此项为本题参考答案)【C】.独语【D】.错语本题思路:郑声表现为神志不清,语言重复,时断时续,声音低弱,为精气大伤之征。

7.咳嗽声音重浊,吐痰质清色白,鼻塞不通,多为【A】.外感风邪【B】.外感燥邪【C】.外感寒邪(此项为本题参考答案)【D】.外感湿邪本题思路:咳声重浊,吐痰清稀色白,兼有鼻塞不通为感受寒邪。

8.呕吐声音壮厉,呕吐物呈胶黏黄水,或酸或苦,多为【A】.实热之证(此项为本题参考答案)【B】.虚寒之证【C】.热扰神明【D】.食滞胃脘本题思路:呕吐声音壮厉,为实证,呕吐物胶粘色黄或有酸占,为热证。

【精品】考研中医综合中医诊断学(按诊)-试卷1-1

【精品】考研中医综合中医诊断学(按诊)-试卷1-1

考研中医综合中医诊断学(按诊)-试卷1-1 (总分:62.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、【A】1型题(总题数:15,分数:30.00)1.下述哪项是手指稍用力,寻抚局部的按诊方法【A】.摸法(此项为本题参考答案)【B】.叩法【C】.触法【D】.压法本题思路:摸法是指医生用掌稍用力寻抚局部,如胸腹,腧穴,肿胀部位等。

与题干的描述一致,所以本题正确答案为【A】。

2.下列不属按诊考察的内容是【A】.局部的冷热【B】.皮肤的润燥【C】.局部的颜色(此项为本题参考答案)【D】.是否有肿块本题思路:按诊考察的是局部的冷热,润燥,软硬,压痛,肿块或其他异常变化,从而推断疾病部位,性质和病情轻重等情况。

所以【C】选项颜色排除,本题选【C 】。

3.下列不属按诊考察的内容是【A】.脉象之浮沉迟数【B】.大便之质地颜色(此项为本题参考答案)【C】.肿块之软硬大小【D】.疼痛喜按或拒按本题思路:按诊考察的是局部的冷热,润燥,软硬,压痛,肿块或其他异常变化,从而推断疾病部位,性质病情轻重等情况。

颜色不在按诊的考查范围之内,所以【B】选项大便的颜色排除,本题选【B】。

4.张仲景作为鉴别疾病的重要依据是按【A】.胁肋部【B】.胸腹部(此项为本题参考答案)【C】.胃院部【D】.脐腹部本题思路:汉代张仲景在《伤寒杂病论》中对按诊的论述很多,尤其是胸腹部的按诊,已成为诊断和治疗疾病的重要依据。

所以本题的正确答案是【B】。

5.按胸腹部时,病人应采取的体位是【A】.俯卧位【B】.侧卧位【C】.仰卧位(此项为本题参考答案)【D】.截石位本题思路:按胸腹部是,患者需采取仰卧位,全身放松,两腿自然伸直,两手臂放在身旁,所以本题正确答案为【C】。

6.诸病有声,鼓之如鼓,皆属于【A】.寒【B】.热(此项为本题参考答案)【C】.火【D】.湿本题思路:此句原文是“诸病有声,鼓之如鼓,皆属于热”,出自《素问.至真要大论》病机十九条,意思是各种肠鸣腹胀的病证都属于热证。

考研中医综合中医诊断学(其他辨证方法)-试卷1-1

考研中医综合中医诊断学(其他辨证方法)-试卷1-1

考研中医综合中医诊断学(其他辨证方法)-试卷1-1一、 A1型题(总题数:25,分数:50.00)1.下列哪项是太阳蓄血证最主要的临床特征A.少腹硬满,小便不利B.其人如狂,少腹急结√C.脘腹痞满,惊悸不宁D.其人发狂,脐腹满痛太阳蓄血证的临床表现是少腹急结或硬满,小便自利,如狂或发狂,善忘,大便色黑如漆,脉沉涩或沉结。

2.鉴别蓄水证与蓄血证,下述哪项最有意义A.少腹硬满或不满B.口渴引饮或不渴C.小便自利或不利√D.大便泄泻或秘结蓄水证以太阳经证与小便不利、小腹满并见为辨证要点。

蓄血证以少腹急结,小便自利,大便色黑等为辨证要点。

3.“胃家实”中的“胃家”,其病位是指A.胃B.脾与胃C.胃与大肠√D.大肠阳明病证是指伤寒病发展过程中,阳热亢盛,胃肠燥热所表现的证候。

阳明病的主要病机是“胃家实”。

“胃家实”:胃家,包括胃与大肠实,指邪气亢盛。

故阳明病的性质属里实热证,为邪正斗争的极期阶段。

4.下列哪项是阳明经证与阳明腑证的鉴别要点A.发热的高低B.有无神志变化C.有无燥屎内结√D.腹满的轻重阳明经证以大热、大汗、大渴、脉洪大为辨证要点。

阳明腑证以潮热汗出,腹满痛,便秘,脉沉实等为辨证要点。

5.下列何证的主症是寒热往来,胸胁苦满,心烦喜呕A.阳明病证B.厥阴病证C.太阴病证D.少阳病证√少阳病证是指邪犯少阳胆腑,枢机不运,经气不利,以寒热往来、胸胁苦满等为主要表现的证候。

6.外邪最易侵袭何经A.厥阴经B.太阳经√C.阳明经D.太阴经循经传是指按伤寒六经的顺序相传者,即太阳病证一阳明病证一少阳病证一太阴病证一少阴病证一厥阴病证。

7.下列哪项是太阴病“腹满”的病机A.腑气不通,气机壅滞B.湿郁化热,气机逆乱C.纳运失常,胃失和降D.寒湿内生,气机阻滞√太阴病“腹满”的病机是脾阳虚弱,寒湿内生,气机阻滞,故见腹满时痛。

8.下列哪项是少阴寒化证中“面赤”的病机A.阳衰阴盛,格阳于上√B.病情向愈,阳气来复C.寒郁化热,蒸腾于上D.卫阳郁闭,从阳化火病至少阴,心肾阳气俱虚,故表现为整体的虚寒证候。

中医诊断学(绪论、望诊)历年真题试卷汇编1(题后含答案及解析)

中医诊断学(绪论、望诊)历年真题试卷汇编1(题后含答案及解析)

中医诊断学(绪论、望诊)历年真题试卷汇编1(题后含答案及解析) 题型有:1. A2型题 2. B1型题 3. X型题1.我国现存最早的验舌专书是( )(2009年第15题)A.《伤寒金镜录》B.《伤寒观舌心法》C.《舌苔统志》D.《辨舌指南》正确答案:A解析:此题考查《中医诊断学》发展简史,属于识记型考题元代的敖氏著有《金镜录》,后经杜清碧增补,而成《伤寒金镜录》为论舌的第一部专著。

,2.下列选项中,不属于体征范畴的是( )(2008年第15题)A.喉中痰鸣B.耳鸣C.太息D.耳鸣正确答案:B解析:此题考查绪论部分体征的含义,属于理解型考题。

体征指能客观监测出来的异常征象。

耳鸣是患者自己的感觉,属于症状。

3.《察病指南》的作者是( )(2005年第15题)A.陈言B.王叔和C.施发D.巢元方E.李时珍正确答案:C解析:此题考查中诊的历史沿革,属于识记型考题。

陈言的著作为《三因方》;王叔和的著作为《脉经》;巢元方的著作为《诸病源候论》;李时珍的著作为《本草纲目》;施发的著作是《察病指南》。

故选C。

4.明清时期,中医学最完整的病历格式是由下列哪位医家提出的( )(2002年第15题)A.张景岳B.陈士铎C.喻嘉言D.程国彭E.沈金鳌正确答案:C解析:此题考查绪论部分中医诊断学相关知识,属于识记型考题。

清代在喻嘉言的《寓意草》中提出了非常具体的议病格式是当时最完整的病历格式。

5.首先论述十怪脉的书籍是( )(1999年第14题)A.《世医得效方》B.《诊家枢要》C.《脉诀汇辨》D.《诊家直诀》E.《脉义简摩》正确答案:A解析:此题考查《中医诊断学》的历史沿革,属于识记型考题。

元代危亦林的《世医得效方》中论述了釜沸、鱼翔、弹石、解索、屋漏、虫下游、雀啄、偃刀、转豆、麻促等十种怪脉。

6.《三指禅》一书,为何人所著( )(1998年第19题)A.张介宾B.贺升平C.周学海D.周学霆E.罗浩正确答案:D解析:此题考查《中医诊断学》历史源流中的名著,属于识记型考题。

《中医诊断学》试题及答案(1)

《中医诊断学》试题及答案(1)

《中医诊断学》试题及答案第一周:绪论平时测试题
1、下列哪项属于“症状”:
A.心烦失眠
B舌红苔黄
C.脉细无力
D.喉中痰鸣
正确答案:A你选对了
2下述哪项属于“体征”:
A.面色苍白
B.头晕而重
C.恶心欲吐
D.神疲乏力
正确答案:A你选对了
3下列哪项是中医诊察收集病情的基本方法:
A.辨证
B.诊病
C.诊法
D.诊断
正确答案:C
4(多选)中医诊断学的三个基本原理是
A.以常衡变
B.司外揣内
C.四诊合参
D.见微知著
正确答案:A、B、D
5判断症状和体征可简称为“症”
A.对
B.错
正确答案:A
5判断凉茶能象茶那样经常去喝。

A.对
B.错
正确答案:B你选对了
6、阴阳学说的基本内容有以下几个方面:
A.阴阳对立统一
B.阴阳互根互用
C.阴阳消长平衡
D.阴阳相互转化
正确答案:A、B、C、D
7、按照相生规律确定的治疗原则有:
A.实则泻其子
B.虚则补其母
C.抑强
D.扶弱
正确答案:A、B
8、下列哪些治疗方法是属于抑强、扶弱的治疗原则的体现:
A.抑木扶土
B.培土制水
C.培土生金
D.佐金平木
的病变。

A对
B错
正确答案:A你选对了
15、津液不足,不能滋润濡养,就会表现出口干、咽干、鼻干、唇干、眼干、小便少而黄、大便干的干燥症状。

A.对
B.气虚发热
C.湿热证
D.阴虚发热
正确答案:D你选对了。

【精品】考研中医综合中医诊断学(绪论)-试卷1-1

【精品】考研中医综合中医诊断学(绪论)-试卷1-1

考研中医综合中医诊断学(绪论)-试卷1-1 (总分:64.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、【A】1型题(总题数:16,分数:32.00)1.最早的病案记录是下列哪本专著【A】.《黄帝内经》【B】.《伤寒杂病论》【C】.《诊籍》(此项为本题参考答案)【D】.《周礼》本题思路:公元前二世纪,西汉名医淳于意创《诊籍》,为最早的病案记录。

2.以下哪本论著对痈、疽、疮、疖诊断较为明确【A】.《刘涓子鬼遗方》(此项为本题参考答案)【B】.《诸病源候论》【C】.《诊籍》【D】.《周礼》本题思路:南齐龚庆宣《刘涓子鬼遗方》对痈、疽、疮、疖诊断已较为明确;《诸病源候论》是我国第一部论述病源和证候诊断的专著。

3.崔紫虚《崔氏脉决》以浮沉迟数为纲,分类论述了多少种脉【A】.48科【B】.12科【C】.24科(此项为本题参考答案)【D】.27种本题思路:崔紫虚《崔氏脉决》以浮沉迟数为纲,分类论述了24种脉;李时珍《濒湖脉学》汇集诸家脉学,分27种脉。

4.《四诊抉微》,内容全面,四诊互参,其作者是【B】.何梦瑶【C】.张三锡【D】.林之翰(此项为本题参考答案)本题思路:清林之翰《四诊抉微》,内容全面,色脉并重,四诊互参。

5.《脉经》载脉多少种【A】.24利(此项为本题参考答案)【B】.12种【C】.48利【D】.36种本题思路:《脉经》载脉24种。

须分清载脉24种,27种,28种的书籍和作者。

6.“金元四大家”在诊断方面,注重辩脉重视四诊合参的医家是【B】.李东垣(此项为本题参考答案)【C】.朱丹溪【D】.张从正本题思路:“金元四大家”在诊断方面,刘河间注重病机;李东垣注重辩脉,重视四诊合参;朱丹溪主张从外知内,内外相参;张从正诊病则重视鉴别诊断。

7.论舌第一部专著为【A】.《察病指南》【B】.《南阳活人书》【C】.《点点金》(此项为本题参考答案)【D】.《幼幼新书》本题思路:元朝敖氏《点点金》和《金镜录》论伤寒蛇阵,分十二图——乃论舌第一部专著。

考研中医综合中医诊断学(望诊)-试卷1-1

考研中医综合中医诊断学(望诊)-试卷1-1

考研中医综合中医诊断学(望诊)-试卷1-1(总分:64.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、 A1型题(总题数:15,分数:30.00)1.神在全身皆有表现,却突出地表现于A.语言B.动态C.目光√D.表情神是机体生命活动及精神意识状态的综合体现,而五脏六腑之精气皆上注于目,眼睛又被称为“心灵的窗户”,故神虽全身皆有表现,但却突出地反映于目光。

2.下列哪项属“假神”的表现A.语无伦次B.面部潮红C.反应迟钝D.突然能食√垂危的病人,数日不能进食,突然欲食,井非好转,而是假神的表观。

3.久病精气衰竭的病人,突然精神好转,食欲大增,颧赤如妆,语言不休。

此属A.有利B.无神C.假神√D.失神病人出现的一时性好转与其危重病情不相符,故当属假象。

4.戴阳症的面色是A.满面通红B.颧部潮红C.颧红如妆√D.面青颊赤戴阳证病人,由于阴不敛阳,以致虚阳浮越于上,而见颧红如妆。

5.面色随四时不同而微有变化,秋天的面色相应为A.稍赤B.稍白√C.稍青D.稍黄根据五行学说,白色与秋季相应,故面色在秋季表现为稍白。

6.形成面色青的原因主要是A.寒凝√B.湿阻C.气虚D.痰滞寒凝则气滞血瘀,经脉拘急收引,故面色发青。

7.形成面色黄的原因主要是A.阴寒内盛B.脾虚湿蕴√C.心肺气虚D.肾阴亏损黄为脾虚湿蕴之象。

脾失健运则水湿内停,气而不充,故面色发黄。

8.颧部潮红主病A.心火亢盛B.阴虚内热√C.阳明实热D.虚阳浮越色红主热。

阴虚火旺者不似阳盛发热之满面通红,而是表现为两颧潮红。

9.脾胃气虚,气血不足的病人,面色常表现为A.白B.萎黄√C.苍D.色黄晦暗脾胃气虚,气血化生乏源,则面色淡黄无泽,枯槁无光,称为萎黄。

10.面色黄而虚浮,称为A.萎黄B.黄疸C.阴黄D.黄胖√脾失健运,水湿泛溢肌肤,故面黄虚浮。

11.病人坐而喜仰多属A.脾气虚衰B.肺虚气少C.肺实气逆√D.咳喘肺胀肺主气司呼吸,痰饮壅滞于肺,影响肺气宜降而气逆,故坐而仰首。

考研中医综合中医诊断学(按诊)-试卷1-1.doc

考研中医综合中医诊断学(按诊)-试卷1-1.doc

考研中医综合中医诊断学(按诊)-试卷1-1(总分:62.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、A1型题(总题数:15,分数:30.00)1.下述哪项是手指稍用力,寻抚局部的按诊方法(分数:2.00)A.摸法B.叩法C.触法D.压法2.下列不属按诊考察的内容是(分数:2.00)A.局部的冷热B.皮肤的润燥C.局部的颜色D.是否有肿块3.下列不属按诊考察的内容是(分数:2.00)A.脉象之浮沉迟数B.大便之质地颜色C.肿块之软硬大小D.疼痛喜按或拒按4.张仲景作为鉴别疾病的重要依据是按(分数:2.00)A.胁肋部B.胸腹部C.胃院部D.脐腹部5.按胸腹部时,病人应采取的体位是(分数:2.00)A.俯卧位B.侧卧位C.仰卧位D.截石位6.诸病有声,鼓之如鼓,皆属于(分数:2.00)A.寒B.热C.火D.湿7.“诸病有声,鼓之如鼓”,所属的诊法是(分数:2.00)A.触法B.摸法C.按法D.叩法8.诊腹大而胀的病人,叩之如鼓者,多诊断为(分数:2.00)A.水鼓B.气鼓C.食积D.虫积9.下列哪项常见体虚而虚里脉动数(分数:2.00)A.中气不守B.心阳不足C.心血不足D.心气不足10.肝气郁结的表现不包括下列哪项(分数:2.00)A.两胁胀痛拒按B.两胁痛引少腹C.胁痛喜按无力D.胁胀痛善人息11.下列哪项是阴虚发热的表现(分数:2.00)A.壮热不退B.身热不扬C.手足心热D.手足背热12.腹部肿块,推之不移,痛有定处,多为(分数:2.00)A.瘕聚B.癥积C.食积D.鼓胀13.腹部有肿块,痛尤定处,按之无形,聚散不定,多为(分数:2.00)A.瘕聚B.癥积C.食积D.鼓胀14.下列哪项为初按不甚热,按久热明显(分数:2.00)A.骨蒸潮热B.寒热往来C.身热不扬D.虚阳浮越15.下列哪项表现为阵发性腹痛,有块,聚散不定(分数:2.00)A.肠痈B.食积C.癥瘕D.虫积二、B1型题(总题数:4,分数:16.00)A.肺胀气阻B.水停胸胁C.胸部外伤D.腹内肿瘤(分数:4.00)(1).上述哪项多见胸高气喘,叩之嘭嘭然声清(分数:2.00)A.B.C.D.(2).上述哪项多见胸廓饱满,疼痛,叩之音实(分数:2.00)A.B.C.D.A.宗气内虚B.宗气外泄C.心肺气绝D.心阳不足(分数:4.00)(1).按虚里穴,其搏动迟弱,为(分数:2.00)A.B.C.D.(2).按虚里穴,其搏动应衣,为(分数:2.00)A.B.C.D.A.寒B.虚C.热证D.实证(分数:4.00)(1).按压腹部,肌肤凉而喜温,多属(分数:2.00)A.B.C.D.(2).按压腹部,肌肤灼而喜凉,多属(分数:2.00)A.B.C.D.A.肠痈B.痛经C.泄泻D.燥尿(分数:4.00)(1).左少腹作痛,按之有累累的硬块的是(分数:2.00)A.B.C.D.(2).右少腹作痛拒按,按之包块应手的是(分数:2.00)A.B.C.D.三、X型题(总题数:8,分数:16.00)16.可出现腰部叩击痛的疾病有(分数:2.00)A.肝胆疾病B.肝脾疾病C.肾脏疾病D.局部骨骼疾病17.按诊的内容包括(分数:2.00)A.按肌肤B.按手足C.按胸胁D.按脘腹18.以下哪些属于按胸胁所包括的部位(分数:2.00)A.前胸B.肩胛C.脊背D.胁肋19.按腧穴可诊断胃病的穴位有(分数:2.00)A.胃俞B.膪中C.日月D.足三里20.可导致肌肤甲错的原因有(分数:2.00)A.血虚B.气虚C.气滞D.淤血21.通过按胁肋,可了解的脏腑病变有(分数:2.00)A.心病B.肝病C.胆病D.胃病22.通过按腹部,可了解的脏腑病变有(分数:2.00)A.小肠B.胞宫C.大肠D.膀胱23.按虚里的临床意义有(分数:2.00)A.可测宗气的强弱B.疾病的虚实C.可测卫气强弱D.预后的吉凶。

考研中医综合中医诊断学(病因辨证)-试卷1-1

考研中医综合中医诊断学(病因辨证)-试卷1-1

考研中医综合中医诊断学(病因辨证)-试卷1-1(总分:62.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、 A1型题(总题数:15,分数:30.00)1.患者关节疼痛,沉重不移者,属于(分数:2.00)A.行痹B.着痹√C.痛痹D.热痹解析:解析:行痹属于风邪致病,风为阳邪,善行而数变,故肢体关节疼痛具有游走不定的特点;着痹属于湿邪致病,湿为阴邪,重浊黏腻,故关节疼痛具有沉重不移的特点;痛痹属于寒邪致病,寒淫证具有凝滞,收引的特性,故关节表现为拘急冷痛;热痹属于火热之邪致病,为阳热之邪,关节疼痛并有发热感。

2.下列各项,不属于燥淫证的是(分数:2.00)A.干咳少痰B.咽喉疼痛C.脉数有力√D.大便干燥解析:解析:此题属于识记并理解类考题,考题具有一定难度。

燥邪侵袭,易伤津液,临床主要表现为皮肤干燥,咽喉干燥疼痛,舌苔干燥,大便干燥,干咳少痰,脉象偏浮等,脉数有力是火热证的表现。

3.凉燥与温燥的共同点是(分数:2.00)A.有汗B.无汗C.脉浮数D.干咳少痰√解析:解析:此题属于识记并理解类考题,考题具有一定难度,选项具有一定迷惑性。

凉燥与温燥均属于燥邪治病,燥邪的临床变现为皮肤干燥甚或皲裂,脱屑,口唇,鼻孔,咽喉干燥,口渴饮水,舌苔干燥,大便干燥,或见干咳少痰,痰黏难咯,小便短黄,脉象偏浮等。

除以上表现外,凉燥常有恶寒发热,无汗,头痛,脉浮缓或浮紧等表寒症状;温燥常有发热有汗,咽喉疼痛,心烦,舌红,脉浮数等表热症状。

4.外感风邪所致中风表虚证,常见(分数:2.00)A.无汗出B.有汗出√C.大汗出D.冷汗出解析:解析:此题可用排除法,风邪治病,风为阳邪,其性开泄,故汗出;无汗为寒淫证的表现。

大汗出见于火热证,冷汗见于亡阳证。

5.湿淫患者头重如裹,遍体不舒,四肢懈怠,属于(分数:2.00)A.内湿B.外湿√C.湿伤关节D.湿渍肌肤解析:解析:湿淫证可表现为外湿和内湿,外湿以肢体困重,酸痛为主,或见皮肤湿疹,瘙痒,或有恶寒微热,病位在体表,是湿郁于肌表,阻滞经气所致;内湿以脘腹痞胀,纳呆,恶心,便稀等为主,病位在内脏,是湿邪阻滞气机,脾胃运化失调所致。

考研中医综合中医诊断学(望诊)-试卷1-1

考研中医综合中医诊断学(望诊)-试卷1-1

考研中医综合中医诊断学(望诊)-试卷1-1(总分:64.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、 A1型题(总题数:15,分数:30.00)1.神在全身皆有表现,却突出地表现于(分数:2.00)A.语言B.动态C.目光√D.表情解析:解析:神是机体生命活动及精神意识状态的综合体现,而五脏六腑之精气皆上注于目,眼睛又被称为“心灵的窗户”,故神虽全身皆有表现,但却突出地反映于目光。

2.下列哪项属“假神”的表现(分数:2.00)A.语无伦次B.面部潮红C.反应迟钝D.突然能食√解析:解析:垂危的病人,数日不能进食,突然欲食,井非好转,而是假神的表观。

3.久病精气衰竭的病人,突然精神好转,食欲大增,颧赤如妆,语言不休。

此属(分数:2.00)A.有利B.无神C.假神√D.失神解析:解析:病人出现的一时性好转与其危重病情不相符,故当属假象。

4.戴阳症的面色是(分数:2.00)A.满面通红B.颧部潮红C.颧红如妆√D.面青颊赤解析:解析:戴阳证病人,由于阴不敛阳,以致虚阳浮越于上,而见颧红如妆。

5.面色随四时不同而微有变化,秋天的面色相应为(分数:2.00)A.稍赤B.稍白√C.稍青D.稍黄解析:解析:根据五行学说,白色与秋季相应,故面色在秋季表现为稍白。

6.形成面色青的原因主要是(分数:2.00)A.寒凝√B.湿阻C.气虚D.痰滞解析:解析:寒凝则气滞血瘀,经脉拘急收引,故面色发青。

7.形成面色黄的原因主要是(分数:2.00)A.阴寒内盛B.脾虚湿蕴√C.心肺气虚D.肾阴亏损解析:解析:黄为脾虚湿蕴之象。

脾失健运则水湿内停,气而不充,故面色发黄。

8.颧部潮红主病(分数:2.00)A.心火亢盛B.阴虚内热√C.阳明实热D.虚阳浮越解析:解析:色红主热。

阴虚火旺者不似阳盛发热之满面通红,而是表现为两颧潮红。

9.脾胃气虚,气血不足的病人,面色常表现为(分数:2.00)A.白B.萎黄√C.苍D.色黄晦暗解析:解析:脾胃气虚,气血化生乏源,则面色淡黄无泽,枯槁无光,称为萎黄。

【精品】考研中医综合中医诊断学(望诊)-试卷1-1

【精品】考研中医综合中医诊断学(望诊)-试卷1-1

考研中医综合中医诊断学(望诊)-试卷1-1 (总分:64.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、【A】1型题(总题数:15,分数:30.00)1.神在全身皆有表现,却突出地表现于【A】.语言【B】.动态【C】.目光(此项为本题参考答案)【D】.表情本题思路:神是机体生命活动及精神意识状态的综合体现,而五脏六腑之精气皆上注于目,眼睛又被称为“心灵的窗户”,故神虽全身皆有表现,但却突出地反映于目光。

2.下列哪项属“假神”的表现【A】.语无伦次【B】.面部潮红【C】.反应迟钝【D】.突然能食(此项为本题参考答案)本题思路:垂危的病人,数日不能进食,突然欲食,井非好转,而是假神的表观。

3.久病精气衰竭的病人,突然精神好转,食欲大增,颧赤如妆,语言不休。

此属【A】.有利【B】.无神【C】.假神(此项为本题参考答案)【D】.失神本题思路:病人出现的一时性好转与其危重病情不相符,故当属假象。

4.戴阳症的面色是【A】.满面通红【B】.颧部潮红【C】.颧红如妆(此项为本题参考答案)【D】.面青颊赤本题思路:戴阳证病人,由于阴不敛阳,以致虚阳浮越于上,而见颧红如妆。

5.面色随四时不同而微有变化,秋天的面色相应为【A】.稍赤【B】.稍白(此项为本题参考答案)【C】.稍青【D】.稍黄本题思路:根据五行学说,白色与秋季相应,故面色在秋季表现为稍白。

6.形成面色青的原因主要是【A】.寒凝(此项为本题参考答案)【B】.湿阻【C】.气虚【D】.痰滞本题思路:寒凝则气滞血瘀,经脉拘急收引,故面色发青。

7.形成面色黄的原因主要是【A】.阴寒内盛【B】.脾虚湿蕴(此项为本题参考答案)【C】.心肺气虚【D】.肾阴亏损本题思路:黄为脾虚湿蕴之象。

脾失健运则水湿内停,气而不充,故面色发黄。

8.颧部潮红主病【A】.心火亢盛【B】.阴虚内热(此项为本题参考答案)。

考研中医综合中医诊断学(脏腑辨证)-试卷1-1

考研中医综合中医诊断学(脏腑辨证)-试卷1-1

考研中医综合中医诊断学(脏腑辨证)-试卷1-1(总分:62.00,做题时间:90分钟)一、 A1型题(总题数:15,分数:30.00)1.大肠液亏证的主症是(分数:2.00)A.口干咽燥B.口臭头晕C.便干难以排出√D.舌红苔白干解析:解析:大纲内容:脏腑辨证,肺与大肠病辨证要点大肠湿热、大肠液亏、肠虚滑泻证的鉴别要点。

考察点:大肠液亏证的临床表现:指津液亏损,肠失濡润,传导失职,以大便燥结,排便困难及津亏症状为主要表现的证候。

2.下列肝胆病中,哪项不出现眩晕症状(分数:2.00)A.胆郁痰扰B.肝阳上亢C.肝气郁结√D.肝血虚解析:解析:大纲内容脏腑辨证,肝胆病辨证要点肝气郁结、寒滞肝脉、肝胆湿热、胆郁痰扰证的临床表现。

考察点:肝气郁结的临床表现:肝郁气滞证是指肝失疏泄,气机郁滞,以情志抑郁、胸胁或少腹胀痛等为主要表现的证候。

又名肝气郁结证,简称肝郁证。

临床表现情志表现:情志抑郁,善太息。

气机郁滞、胸胁;少腹胀满疼痛,走窜不定。

痰凝血聚:或咽部异物感,或颈部瘿瘤,瘰疬,或胁下肿块。

冲任失调:妇女可见乳房作胀疼痛,月经不调,痛经。

舌脉:舌苔薄白,脉弦。

病情轻重与情绪变化的关系密切。

3.下列除哪项外,均为,肾虚的症状(分数:2.00)A.腰膝酸软B.耳鸣耳聋C.牙齿动摇D.尿频急痛√解析:解析:大纲内容脏腑辨证,肾与膀胱病辨证要点肾精不足、肾气不固、肾不纳气、膀胱湿热证的临床表现。

辨证要点,考察点:肾虚的临床表现。

4.患者,男,50岁。

咳喘20余年,现咳嗽痰少,口燥咽干,形体消瘦,腰膝酸软,颧红盗汗,舌红少苔,脉细数。

其病机是(分数:2.00)A.肺气虚损B.肺阴虚亏C.肺肾阴虚√D.肺肾气虚解析:解析:大纲内容,脏腑辨证,腑腑辨证要点心肝血虚、肝肾阴虚、肺肾阴虚证的临床表现。

辨证要点,考察点:肺肾阴虚的临床表现,目较简单。

5.患者,男,70岁。

神志痴呆,表情淡漠,举止失常,面色晦滞,胸闷泛恶,舌苔白腻,脉滑。

中医综合-中医诊断学(一)_真题-无答案

中医综合-中医诊断学(一)_真题-无答案

中医综合-中医诊断学(一)(总分100,考试时间90分钟)Section Ⅰ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Digital photography is still new enough that most of us have yet to form an opinion about it (1) develop a point of view. But this hasn’t stopped many film **puter fans from agreeing (2) the early conventional wisdom about digital cameras —they’re neat (3) for your PC, but they’re not suitable for everyd ay picture taking.The fans are wrong. More than anything else, digital cameras are radically (4) what photography means and what it can be. The venerable medium of photography (5) we know, it is beginning to seem out of (6) with the way we live. In **puter and camcorder (7) , saving pictures as digital (8) and watching them on TV is no less practical —and in many ways more (9) than fumbling with rolls of film that must be sent off to be (10) .Paper is also terribly (11) . Pictures that are incorrectly framed, (12) , or lighted are **mitted to film and ultimately processed into prints.The digital medium changes the (13) . Still images that are (14) digitally can immediately be shown on a computer (15) , a TV screen, or a small liquid crystal display (LCD) built right into the camera. And since the points of light that (16) an image are saved as a series of digital bits in electronic memory, (17) being permanently etched onto film, they can be erased, retouched, and transmitted (18) .What’s it like to (19) with one of these digital cameras? It’s a little like a first date —exciting, confusing and fraught with (20) .1. [A] rather than [B] let alone [C] much less [D] so as to2. [A] on [B] with [C] to [D] by3. [A] attachments [B] auxiliaries [C] attributes [D] counterparts4. [A]reexplaining [B] rearranging [C] reexposing [D] redefining5. [A] though [B] if [C] as [D] unless6. [A] rate [B] pace [C] step [D] speed7. [A] environment [B] civilization [C] community [D] culture8. [A] files [B] documentaries [C] programs [D] softwares9. [A] appealing [B] facilitating [C] enlightening [D] encouraging10. [A] converted [B] developed [C] exposed [D] evolved11. [A] unforgiving [B] unperceiving [C] unconsidering [D] unsympathizing12. [A] aimed [B] targeted [C] focused [D] pointed13. [A] regulations [B] rules [C] disciplines [D] principles14. [A] gripped [B] seized [C] grasped [D] captured15. [A] demonstrator [B] exhibitor [C] monitor [D] transmitter16. [A] constitute [B] illuminate [C] penetrate [D] dissolve17. [A] in case [B] rather than [C] as well as [D] as though18. [A] on-digit [B] on-cable [C] on-line [D] on-data19. [A] fire [B] maneuver [C] operate [D] shoot20. [A] chances [B] probabilities [C] opportunities [D] possibilitiesSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1For my proposed journey, the first priority was clearly to start learning Arabic. I have never been a linguist. Though I had traveled widely as a journalist, I had never managed to pick up more than a smattering of phrases in any tongue other than French, and even my French, was laborious for want of lengthy practice. The prospect of tackling one of the notoriously difficult languages at the age of forty, and trying to speak it well, both deterred and excited me. It was perhaps expecting a little too much of a curiously unreceptive part of myself, yet the possibility that I might gain access to a completely alien culture and tradition by this means was enormously pleasing.I enrolled as a pupil in a small school in the center of the city. It was run by a Mr Beheit, of dapper appearance and explosive temperament, who assured me that after three months of his special treatment I would speak Arabic fluently. Whereupon he drew from his desk a postcard which an old pupil had sent him from somewhere in the Middle East, expressing great gratitude and reporting the astonishment of local Arabs that he could converse with them like a native. It was written in English. Mr Beheit himself spent most of his time coaching businessmen in French, and through the thin, partitioned walls of his school one could hear him bellowing in exasperation at some confused entrepreneur: "Non, M. Jones. Jane suis pas francais. Pas, Pas, Pas!" (No Mr. Jones, I'm NOT French, I'm not, not, NOT!). I was gratified that my own tutor, whose name wasAhmed, was infinitely softer and less public in approach.For a couple of hours every morning we would face each other across a small table, while we discussed in meticulous detail the colour scheme of the tiny cubicle, the events in the street below and, once a week, the hair-raising progress of a window-cleaner across the wall of the building opposite. In between, hearing in mind the particular interest I had in acquiring Arabic, I would inquire the way to some imaginary oasis, anxiously demand fodder and water for my camels, wonder politely whether the sheikh was prepared to grant me audience now. It was all hard going.I frequently despaired of ever becoming anything like a fluent speaker, though Ahmed assured me that my pronunciation was above average for a Westemer. This, I suspected, was partly flattery, for there are a couple of Arabic sounds which not even a gift for mimicry allowed me to grasp for ages. There were, moreover, vast distinctions of meaning conveyed by subtle sound shifts rarely employed in English. And for me the problem was increased by the need to assimilate a vocabulary, that would vary from place to place across five essentially Arabic-speaking countries that practiced vernaculars of their own: so that the word for "people", for instance, might be nais, sah 'ab or sooken.Each day I was mentally exhausted by the strain of a morning in school, followed by an afternoon struggling at home with a tape recorder. Yet there was relief in the most elementary forms of understanding and progress. When merely got the drift of a torrent which Ahmed had just released, I was childishly elated. When I managed to roll a complete sentence off my tongue without apparently thinking what I was saying, and it came out right, I beamed like an idiot. And the enjoyment of reading and writing the flowing Arabic script was something that did not leave me once I had mastered it. By the end of June, no-one could have described me as anything like a fluent speaker of Arabic. I was approximately in the position of a fifteen-year old who, equipped with a modicum of schoolroom French, nervously awaits his first trip to Paris. But this was something I could reprove upon in my own time. I bade farewell to Mr Beheit, still struggling to drive the French negative into the still confused mind of Mr Jones.21. Which of the following is not characteristic of Mr Beheit?A. He had a neat and clean appearance.B. He was volatile and highly emotionalC. He was very modest about his success in teaching.D. He sometimes lost his temper and shouted loudly when teaching.22. It is known from' the passage that the writer______.A. had a **mand of FrenchB. couldn't make sounds properly when learning ArabicC. spoke highly of Mr Beheit's achievements in language teachingD. didn't like Ahmed's style of teaching23. It can be inferred from the passage that Ahmed was______.A. a fast speakerB. a boring speakerC. a laconic speakerD. an interesting speaker24. The word "modicum" in the last paragraph can be replaced by______.A. competenceB. excellenceC. mimicryD. smattering25. Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the passage?A. The writer's intended journey created particular difficulties in his learning of Arabic.B. The reading and writing of the Arabic script gave the writer lasting pleasure.C. The writer found learning Arabic was a grueling experience but rewarding.D. The writer regarded Ahmed's praise of his pronunciation as tongue-in-cheekText 2It seems impossible to have an honest conversation about global warming. I say this after diligently perusing the British government's huge report released last week by Sir Nicholas Stern, former chief economist of the World Bank and now a high civil servant. The report is a masterpiece of misleading public relations. It foresees dire consequences if global warming isn't curbed: a worldwide depression and flooding of many coastal cities. Meanwhile, the costs of minimizing these awful outcomes are small: only 1 percent of world economic output in 2050.No sane person could fail to conclude that we should conquer global warming instantly, if not sooner. Who could disagree? Well, me. Stem's headlined conclusions are intellectual fictions. They're essentially fabrications to justify an aggressive anti-global-warming agenda. The danger of that is that we'd end up with the worst of both worlds: a program that harms the economy without much cutting of greenhouse gases.Let me throw some messy realities onto Stern's tidy picture. In the global-warming debate, there's a big gap between public rhetoric and public behavior. Greenhouse emissions continue to rise despite many earnest pledges to control them. Just last week, the United Nations reported that of the 41 countries it monitors (not including most developing nations), 34 had increased greenhouse emissions from 2000 to 2004. These include most **mitted to reducing emissions under the Kyoto Protocol.Why is this? In rich democracies, policies that might curb greenhouse gases require politicians and the public to act in exceptionally "enlightened" ways. They have to accept "pain" now for benefits that won't materialize for decades, probably after they're dead. And even if rich countries cut emissions, it won't make much difference unless poor countries do likewise and so far, they've refused because that might jeopardize their economic growth and poverty-reduction efforts.The notion that there's only a modest tension between suppressing greenhouse gases and sustaining economic growth is highly dubious. Stern arrives at his trivial costs—that 1 percent of world GDP in 2050—by essentially assuming them. His estimates presume that, with proper policies, technological improvements will automatically reconcile declining emissions with adequate economic growth. This is a heroic leap. To check warming, Stern wants annual emissions 25 percent below current levels by 2050. The IEA projects that economic growth by 2050 would more than double emissions. At present, we can't bridge that gap.The other great distortion in Stern's report involves global warming's effects. No one knows what these might be, because we don't know how much warming might occur, when, where, orhow easily people might adapt. Stern's horrific specter distills many of the most terrifying guesses, including some imagined for the 22nd century, and implies they're imminent. The idea is to scare people while reassuring them that policies to avert calamity, if started now, would be fairly easy and inexpensive.26. According to the author, Stern's program[A] will help to curb global warming.[B] will foster the healthy development of economy.[C] will result in the worst of both worlds.[D] will meet with resistance from the general public.27. The author agrees with Stern that[A] global warming is something to fight with.[B] curbing global warming will not affect economy.[C] an aggressive anti-global-warming agenda is necessary.[D] not much cost will be involved in conquering global warming.28. The author asserts that Stem's picture about the possibility of conquering global warming[A] is too pessimistic.[B] is oversimplified.[C] is very imaginative.[D] ignores the efforts by rich countries.29. In the fifth paragraph, "that gap" refers to the gap between[A] the annual emissions of the rich and poor countries.[B] the current levels of emission and levels set by Stern.[C] reducing greenhouse gases and sustaining economic growth.[D] making proper policies and achieving technological advances.30. In his report, Stern overstates[A] the remedies for a possible economic slowdown.[B] the necessity for a sustainable economic growth.[C] the costs of minimizing the effects of global warming.[D] the dangers global warming may cause to the world.Text 3In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of the only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today' s people—especially those born to families who have lived in the U. S. for manygenerations--apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s. And they aren't likely to get any taller. "In the general population to- day, at this genetic, environmental level, we've pretty much gone as far as we can go," says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the case of NBA players, their in- crease in height appears to result from the **mon practice of recruiting players from all over the world.Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients—notably, protein—to feed expanding tissues. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height—5'9" for men, 5'4" for women—hasn't really changed since 1960.Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and can- not easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. "There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of the individual organism," says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.Genetic maximums can change, but don't expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass. , ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a piece of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, "you could use today's data and feel fairly confident.\31. Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to[A] illustrate the change of height of NBA players.[B] show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S.[C] compare different generations of NBA players.[D] assess the achievements of famous NBA players.32. Which of the following plays a key role in body growth according to the text?[A] Genetic modification.[B] Natural environment.[C] Living standards.[D] Daily exercise.33. On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?[A] Non-Americans add to the average height of the nation.[B] Human height is conditioned by the upright posture.[C] Americans are the tallest on average in the world.[D] Larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood.34. We learn from the last paragraph that in the near future[A] the garment industry will reconsider the uniform size.[B] the design of military uniforms will remain unchanged.[C] genetic testing will be employed in selecting sportsmen.[D] the existing data of human height will still be applicable.35. The text intends to tell us that[A] the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern.[B] human height is becoming even more predictable.[C] Americans have reached their genetic growth limit.[D] the genetic pattern of Americans has altered.Text 4More than 40 million Americans between the ages of 5 and 18 attend schools throughout the United States. About 2 million school-age children are taught at home. While home schooling offers an alternative to the school environment, it has become a controversial issue.Many public school advocates take a harsh attitude toward home schoolers, perceiving their actions as the ultimate slap in the face of public education and a damaging move for the children. Yet, as public school officials realize they stand little to gain by remaining hostile to the home-school population, the hard lines seem to be softening a bit. Some public schools have moved closer to tolerance, and,even in some cases, are seeking cooperation with home schoolers. " We are becoming relatively tolerant of home schoolers. Let's give the kids access to public school so they'll see it's not as terrible as they've been told, and they'll want to come back, " says John Marshall, an education official.Perhaps, but don't count on it, say home-school advocates. Some home schoolers oppose that public school system because they have strong convictions that their approach to education—whether fueled by religious belief or the individual child's interests and natural pace—is best. Other home schoolers contend " not so much that the schools teach heresy, but that schools teach whatever they teach inappropriately." "These parents are highly independent and strive to 'take responsibility' for their own lives within a society that they define as bureaucratic and inefficient. " says Van Gallon.But Howard Carol, spokesman for America's largest teachers union, argues that home schooling parents are trying to hide their children from the real world, says Van Gallon. " Maybe we are going to run into people with problems, people that have a drug problem, people that have an alcohol problem, and teenage pregnancy. We have many problems that happen in our society and many of the children are victims. But shielding the children from the real mix of what happens every day is denying them something that they are going to need later in life. " Mr. Carol also questioned **petence of parents as teachers though he admitted that some home schoolers do better academically. " We want to make sure that a student is not denied the full range of curriculum experiences and appropriate materials, especially now with the new technology that is being introduced and the costs involved there. "" The success of home schooling has been documented in standardized test scores administered by public school officials, " says Frank Bernet, the executive director of the National Association of College Admission Councilors. " I know why they are doing it, but I wonder why they can't work with school officials and teachers to make the school what they want it to be. " The response from home schoolers: " We have tried that. NOW it's time to strike out on our own. \36. The author writes this passage to show that______.[A] public school is becoming more and more inefficient[B] public school is still preferred by the majority[C] home schooling becomes an alternative to public schools[D] opinions differ over home schooling37. Public school teaching, in the opinions of home school advocates, is______.[A] systematic[B] inefficient[C] uninteresting[D] superficial38. Public schools are softening their position on home schooling because______.[A] they **e to realize the futility of the hard line[B] they have benefited from cooperation with home schoolers[C] home schooling has some advantages in teaching[D] children should be given chances to go back to school39. The author's overall attitude toward home schooling is______.[A] objective[B] hostile[C] critical[D] agreeable40. It can be concluded from the passage that______.[A] home schooling has become an important form of education in the U. S.[B] public schoolers and home schoolers reject each other vigorously[C] there is much controversy as to the emergence of home schooling[D] home schooling education is far inferior to public school educationPart BDirections:You are going to read a text about how to keep your job, followed by a list of important examples. Choose the best examples from the list A - F for each numbered subheading (41-45). There is one extra examples which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Glass, in one form or another, has long been in noble service to humans. As one of the most widely used of manufactured materials, and certainly the most versatile, it can be as imposing as a telescope mirror the width of a tennis court or as small and simple as a marble rolling across dirt.41. ______The uses of this adaptable material have been broadened dramatically by new technologies: glass fiber optics—more than eight million miles—carrying telephone and television signals across nations; glass ceramics serving as the nose cones of missiles and as crowns for teeth; tiny glass beads taking radiation doses inside the body to specific organs; even a new type of glassfashioned of nuclear waste in order to dispose of that unwanted material.42. ______On the horizon are **puters. These could store programs and process information by means of light—pulses from tiny lasers—rather than electrons. And the pulses would travel over glass fibers, not copper wire. These machines could function hundreds of times faster than today's **puters and hold vastly more information. Today fiber optics are used to obtain a clearer image of smaller and smaller objects than ever before—even bacterial viruses. Anew generation of optical instruments is emerging that can provide detailed imaging of the inner workings of cells. It is the surge in fiber optic use and in liquid crystal displays that has set the U. S. glass industry (a 16 billion dollar business employing some 150, 000 workers) to building new plants to meet demand.43. ______But not all the glass technology that touches our lives is ultra-modem. Consider the simple light bulb; at the turn of the century most light bulbs were hand blown, and the cost of one was equivalent to half a day's pay for the average worker. In effect, the invention of the ribbon machine by Coming in the 1920s lighted a nation. The price of a bulb plunged. Small wonder that the machine has been called one of the great mechanical achievements of all time. Yet it is very simple: a narrow ribbon of molten glass travels over a moving belt of steel in which there are holes. The glass sags through the holes and into waiting moulds. Puffs of compressed air then shape the glass. In this way, the envelope of a light bulb is made by a single machine at the rate of 66,000 an hour, as compared with 1,200 a day produced by a team of four glassblowers.44. ______The secret of the versatility of glass lies in its interior structure. Although it is rigid, and thus like a solid, the atoms are arranged in a random disordered fashion, characteristic of a liquid. In the melting process, the atoms in the raw materials are disturbed from their normal position in the molecular structure; before they can find their way back to crystalline arrangements the glass cools. This looseness in molecular structure gives the material what engineers call tremendous "formability" which allows technicians to tailor glass to whatever they need.45. ______Today, scientists continue to experiment with new glass mixtures and building designers test their imaginations with applications of special types of glass. A London architect, Mike Davies, sees even more dramatic buildings using molecular chemistry. "Glass is the great building material of the future, the 'dynamic skin'," he said." Think of glass that has been treated to react to electric currents going through it, glass that will change from clear to opaque at the push of a button, that gives you instant curtains."Think of how the tall buildings in New York could perform a symphony of colours as the glass in them is made to change colours instantly. Glass as instant curtains is available now, but the cost is exorbitant. As for the glass changing colours instantly, that **e true. Mike Davies's vision may indeed be on the way to fulfillment.[A] What makes glass so adaptable[B] Architectural experiments with glass[C] Glass art galleries flourish[D] Exciting innovations in fiber optics[E] A former glass technology[F] New uses of glass41.42.43.44.45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)(46) A long-held view of the history of the English colonies that became the United States has been that England' s policy toward these colonies before 1763 was dictated by commercial interests and that a change to a more imperial policy, dominated by expansionist militarist objectives, generated the tensions that ultimately led to the American Revolution. In a recent study, Stephen Saunders Webb has resented a formidable challenge to this view. According to Webb, England already had a military imperial policy for more than a century before the American Revolution. He sees Charles Ⅱ, the English monarch between 1660 and 1685, as the proper successor of the Tudor monarchs of the sixteenth century and of Oliver Cromwell, all of whom were bent on extending centralized executive power over England' s possessions through the use of what Webb calls "garrison government." Garrison government allowed the colonists a legislative assembly, but real authority, in Webb' s view, belonged to the colonial governor, who was appointed by the king and supported by the "garrison," that is. by the local contingent of English troops under the colonial governor' s command.According to Webb, the purpose of garrison government was to provide military support for a royal policy designed to limit the power of the upper classes in the American colonies. (47) Webb argues that the colonial legislative assemblies represented the interests not of **mon people but of the colonial upper classes, a coalition of merchants and nobility who favored self-rule and sought to elevate legislative authority at the expense of the executive. It was, according to Webb, the colonial governors who favored the small farmer, opposed the plantation system, and tried through taxation to break up large holdings of land. Backed by the military presence of the garrison, these governors tried to prevent the gentry and merchants, allied in the colonial assemblies, from transforming colonial America into a capitalistic oligarchy.(48) Webb' s study illuminates the political alignments that existed in the colonies in the century prior to the American Revolution, but his view of the crown' s use of the military as an instrument of colonial policy is not entirely convincing. England during the seventeenth century was not noted for its military achievements. Cromwell did mount England's most ambitious overseas military expedition in more than a century, but it proved to be an utter failure. Under Charles Ⅱ, the English army was too small to be a major instrument of government. (49) Not until the war in France in 1697 did William Ⅲpersuade Parliament to create a professional standing army, and Parliament' s price for doing so was to keep the army under tight legislative。

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考研中医综合中医诊断学(绪论)-试卷1-1
(总分:64.00,做题时间:90分钟)
一、 A1型题(总题数:16,分数:32.00)
1.最早的病案记录是下列哪本专著
(分数:2.00)
A.《黄帝内经》
B.《伤寒杂病论》
C.《诊籍》√
D.《周礼》
解析:解析:公元前二世纪,西汉名医淳于意创《诊籍》,为最早的病案记录。

2.以下哪本论著对痈、疽、疮、疖诊断较为明确
(分数:2.00)
A.《刘涓子鬼遗方》√
B.《诸病源候论》
C.《诊籍》
D.《周礼》
解析:解析:南齐龚庆宣《刘涓子鬼遗方》对痈、疽、疮、疖诊断已较为明确;《诸病源候论》是我国第一部论述病源和证候诊断的专著。

3.崔紫虚《崔氏脉决》以浮沉迟数为纲,分类论述了多少种脉
(分数:2.00)
A.48科
B.12科
C.24科√
D.27种
解析:解析:崔紫虚《崔氏脉决》以浮沉迟数为纲,分类论述了24种脉;李时珍《濒湖脉学》汇集诸家脉学,分27种脉。

4.《四诊抉微》,内容全面,四诊互参,其作者是
(分数:2.00)
A.陈修园
B.何梦瑶
C.张三锡
D.林之翰√
解析:解析:清林之翰《四诊抉微》,内容全面,色脉并重,四诊互参。

5.《脉经》载脉多少种
(分数:2.00)
A.24利√
B.12种
C.48利
D.36种
解析:解析:《脉经》载脉24种。

须分清载脉24种,27种,28种的书籍和作者。

6.“金元四大家”在诊断方面,注重辩脉重视四诊合参的医家是
(分数:2.00)
A.刘河间
B.李东垣√
C.朱丹溪
D.张从正
解析:解析:“金元四大家”在诊断方面,刘河间注重病机;李东垣注重辩脉,重视四诊合参;朱丹溪主张从外知内,内外相参;张从正诊病则重视鉴别诊断。

7.论舌第一部专著为
(分数:2.00)
A.《察病指南》
B.《南阳活人书》
C.《点点金》√
D.《幼幼新书》
解析:解析:元朝敖氏《点点金》和《金镜录》论伤寒蛇阵,分十二图——乃论舌第一部专著。

8.将诊脉分为三部九候,寸口和24脉脉法的是
(分数:2.00)
A.《肘后备急方》
B.《幼幼新书》
C.《备急千金方》
D.《脉经》√
解析:解析:晋王叔和《脉经》集汉以前脉学之达成,具体阐明脉理,分述三部九候,寸口和24脉脉法,是我国早期的脉学专著。

9.以下哪部著作论述了儿科望指纹的应用
(分数:2.00)
A.《三指禅》
B.《点点金》
C.《幼幼新书》√
D.《金镜录》
解析:解析:刘肪《幼幼新书》论望指纹在儿科诊断中的重要意义。

10.以下哪部著作首论阴阳六变
(分数:2.00)
A.《三指禅》
B.《点点金》
C.《幼幼新书》
D.《景岳全书》√
解析:解析:明张介宾《景岳全书.传忠录》首论阴阳六变;“十问歌”,明确八纲辨证的重要性。

11.详述杂病辨证论治的《杂病源流犀烛》作者是
(分数:2.00)
A.程国彭
B.陈士铎
C.喻嘉言
D.沈金鳌√
解析:解析:沈金鳌《杂病源流犀烛》详述杂病辨证论治。

12.以下著作不属于宋金元时期的是
(分数:2.00)
A.《南阳活人书》
B.《三因极一病证方论》
C.《点点金》
D.《脉经》√
解析:解析:宋.朱肱《南阳活人书》;宋.陈言《三因极一病证方论》;元.敖氏《点点金》;西晋.王叔和《脉经》。

13.现存论舌的第一部专著是
(分数:2.00)
A.《三指禅》
B.《伤寒金镜录》√
C.《幼幼新书》
D.《景岳全书》
解析:解析:现存论舌的第一部专著是《伤寒金镜录》。

14.专论疟疾常症与变症的证治的《痰虐论疏》,为何人所著
(分数:2.00)
A.卢之颐√
B.赵金铎
C.汪宏
D.程国彭
解析:解析:明卢之颐《痰虐论疏》专论疟疾常症与变症的证治。

15.对黄疸病人做实验观察的较早记录见于哪本著作
(分数:2.00)
A.《脉象统类》
B.《肘后备急方》√
C.《察病指南》
D.《世医得效方》
解析:解析:晋葛洪《肘后备急方》对传染病已能从发病特点和临床症状上作出诊断,有初步的疾病分类,并有对黄疸病人作实验观察的较早记录。

16.全面论述望诊的专著是
(分数:2.00)
A.《肘后备急方》
B.《望诊遵经》√
C.《察病指南》
D.《景岳全书》
解析:解析:全面论述望诊的专著是《望诊遵经》。

二、 B1型题(总题数:4,分数:16.00)
A.《二因方》B.《察病指南》C.《诊家枢要》D.《世医得效方》(分数:4.00)
(1).最早绘脉图,以图示脉的著作是(分数:2.00)
A.
B.
C.
D. √
解析:
(2).最早绘舌图,以图示舌的著作是(分数:2.00)
A.
B. √
C.
D.
解析:解析:最早绘脉图,以图示脉的著作是《世医得效方》;最早绘舌图,以图示舌的著作是《察病指南》。

A.最早创立对黄疽进行实验观察B.对病因辨证的理法较为完备C.论脏腑寒热虚实生死顺逆之法D.认为四诊是神圣工巧的技能(分数:4.00)
(1).《肘后备急方》的贡献之一是(分数:2.00)
A. √
B.
C.
D.
解析:
(2).《中藏经》的主要内容之一是(分数:2.00)
A.
B.
C. √
D.
解析:解析:《肘后备急方》的贡献之一有最早创立对黄疽进行实验观察;《中藏经》的主要内容之一包括论脏腑寒热虚实生死顺逆之法。

A.扁鹊B.张仲景C.淳于意D.王叔和(分数:4.00)
(1).《诊籍》的创立者是(分数:2.00)
A.
B.
C. √
D.
解析:
(2).《脉经》的作者是(分数:2.00)
A.
B.
C.
D. √
解析:解析:《诊籍》的创立者是淳于意;《脉经》的作者是王叔和。

A.脾肾阳虚B.口苦、咽干、脉弦C.时疫霍乱D.发热、呕吐、瘟痒(分数:4.00)
(1).以上属于“病名”的是(分数:2.00)
A.
B.
C. √
D.
解析:
(2).以上属于“证型”的是(分数:2.00)
A. √
B.
C.
D.
解析:解析:脾肾阳虚是“证型”;口苦、咽干、脉弦是“证候”;时疫霍乱“证型”;发热、呕吐、瘟痒是“症名”。

三、 X型题(总题数:8,分数:16.00)
17.以下属于中医诊断的基本原理的是
(分数:2.00)
A.司外揣内√
B.见微知著√
C.以常达变√
D.整体审查
解析:解析:中医诊断的基本原理是司外揣内;见微知著;以常达变。

整体审查是中医诊断的基本原则。

18.中医诊断学进入明清后就属于诊断学深化发展的时期,以下较为突出的是
(分数:2.00)
A.望诊
B.闻诊
C.脉诊√
D.舌诊√
解析:解析:明清时期,诊断学深化发展,以舌、脉诊发展尤为突出。

19.以下著作专论白喉的有
(分数:2.00)
A.《时疫白喉提要》√
B.《白喉全生集》√
C.《白喉条辩》√
D.《麻症集成》
解析:解析:专论白喉的著作有《时疫白喉提要》、《白喉全生集》、《白喉条辩》等。

20.以下属于“证”的有
(分数:2.00)
A.风寒感冒√
B.恶心呕吐
C.心血亏虚√
D.痰热壅肺√
解析:解析:证是对疾病过程中所处一定(当前)阶段的病位、病因、病性以及病势等所作的病理性概括。

B 选项是症候,是病人异常的主观感觉或行为表现。

21.由元代敖氏所著,为论舌的第一部专著的有
(分数:2.00)
A.《点点金》√
B.《察病指南》
C.《金镜录》
D.《伤寒金镜录》√
解析:解析:元代敖氏所著《点点金》及《金镜录》为论舌的第一部专著。

22.以下属于中诊断学四诊内容的是
(分数:2.00)
A.望诊√
B.脉诊√
C.按诊√
D.问气味√
解析:解析:四诊包括望诊、闻诊、问诊、切诊,其中切诊包括脉诊和按诊。

23.“整体审察”应分析思考的问题有
(分数:2.00)
A.局部与全身的关系√
B.拟采用的治疗手段
C.疾病的演变发展趋势
D.时、地、人、病的特殊性√
解析:解析:整体审察是一方面是指搜集病情资料时,必须从整体上进行多方面的考虑,而不能只看到局部的痛苦。

另一方面是要求对病情进行全面分析,综合判断,不能只顾一点,不及其余,不能只注意到当前的,局部的,明显的病理改变,而忽视了时,地,人,病的特殊性,还要从疾病的前因后果,演变发展趋势上加以考虑。

24.以下哪些概念属于中医诊断的主要内容
(分数:2.00)
A.症状体征√
B.病因病性√
C.病机发病
D.证名病名√
解析:解析:中医诊断学的主要内容包括了四诊、辨证、辨病、病案书写等,与病机发病无关。

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