宏观经济学关键词中英文对照

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Loanable funds(可贷资金) Crowding out(挤出) Marginal propensity to consume (MPC)(边际消费倾向) average propensity to consume (APC): (平均消费倾向) marginal propensity to save (MPS): (边际消费倾向) average propensity to save (APS): (平均消费倾向)
Productivity(生产率) physical capital(物质资本) human capital(人力资本) natural resources(自然资源) technological knowledge(技术知识) diminishing returns(收益递减) catch-up effect(追赶效应) Efficiency of labor(劳动效率) Labor-augmenting technological progress(劳动扩大型技术进步) neoclassical model of economic growth(新古典经济增长模型) Endogenous growth theory(内生增长理论) Solow growth model (索洛增长模型) Steady state(稳定状态) Golden Rule level of capital(资本的黄金规则水平)
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Money(货币) medium of exchange(交换媒介) unit of account(计价单位) store of value(价值储藏) Liquidity(流动性) commodity money(商品货币) fiat money(法定货币) Currency(现金) demand deposits(活期存款) Federal Reserve (Fed)(美联储) central bank(中央银行) money supply(货币供给) monetary policy(货币政策) Reserves(准备金) reserve ratio(准备率) fractional-reserve banking(部分准备金银行) money multiplier(货币乘数) open-market operations(公开市场活动) reserve requirements(法宝定准备金) discount rate(贴现率) Real money balances(实际货币余额) Money demand function(货币需求函数) Rates(利率) Nominal and real interest rates(名义与实际利率)
Factors of production(生产要素) Production function(生产函数) Constant returns to scale(规模收益不变) Factor prices(要素价格) Competition(竞争) Marginal product of labor (MPL)(劳动的边际产量) Diminishing marginal product(边际产量递减) Real wage(实际工资) Marginal product of capital (MPK) (资本的边际产量) Real rental price of capital(资本的实际租赁价格) Economic profit (经济利润) Accounting profit (会计利润) Disposable income(可支配收入) Consumption function(消费函数) National saving (国民储蓄) Private saving(私人储蓄) Public saving(公共储蓄)
Key concepts(关键概念) Macroeconomics(宏观经济学) Real GDP(实际GDP) Inflation rate(通货膨胀率) Unemployment rate(失业率) Recession(衰退) Depression(萧条) Deflation(通货紧缩) Models (模型) Endogenous variables(内生变量) Exogenous variables(外生变量) Market clearing(市场出清) Flexible and sticky prices(有伸缩性的和粘性的价格) Microeconomics(微观经济学)
IS–LM model(IS—LM模型) IS curve(IS曲线) LM curve(LM曲线) Theory of liquidity preference(流动性偏好理论) Recession(衰退) Depression(萧条) model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply aggregate-demand curve(总需求曲线) aggregate-supply curve (总供给曲线) Stagflation(滞胀) Aggregate demand (总需求曲线) Aggregate supply(总供给曲线) Demand shocks(需求冲击) Supply shocks (供给冲击) Phillips curve(菲利普斯曲线)
Gross domestic product (GDP)(国内生产总值) Consumer price index (CPI)(消费者价格指数) Unemployment rate(失业率) National income accounting(国民收入核算) Stocks and flows(存量与流量) Value added(增值) Imputed value(估算值) Nominal versus real GDP(名义与实际GDP) GDP deflator(GDP平减指数) National income accounts identity(国民收入核算恒等式) Consumption(消费) Investment(投资) Government purchases(政府购买) Net exports(净出口) Labor force(劳动力) Labor-force participation rate(劳动力参工率) Okun’s law(奥肯定理)
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