英语疑难问题

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a用在以辅音字母开头,或以读做辅音的元音字母开头的单词前面:

a man一个男人

a university一所大学

a hat一顶帽子

a European一个欧洲人

a one-way street一条单行马路

an用在以元音字母(a,e,i,o,u)开头,或以不发音的h字母开头的单词前面:

an apple一个苹果

an island一个岛

an uncle一位大叔

an onion一个洋葱

an egg一个鸡蛋

an hour一小时

an还用在发音以元音开头的单个字母前面:

an L-plate一块“实习驾驶”车牌

an MP一个国会议员

an SOS一个呼救信号

an‘x’一个x字母、X形的东西或未知数

a/an没有性的变化:

a man一个男人

a woman一个女人

an actor一个男演员

an actress一个女演员

a table一张桌子
a/an不用在以下几种情况下:

A 复数名词之前:

a/an没有复数形式,所以a dog的复数是dogs,an egg的复数是eggs。

B 不可数名词之前(参见第13节):

C 三餐名称之前,但这些名称前加形容词时除外:

We have breakfast at eight.

我们8点钟吃早饭。

He gave us a good breakfast.

他请我们吃了一顿丰盛的早餐。

为了庆祝某事或特意为某人而举行的宴会之前要用冠词:

I was invited to dinner(at their house, in the ordinary way).

他们邀请我吃饭(在他们家吃便饭)。

但是说:

I was invited to a dinner given to welcome the new ambassador.

我被邀请参加欢迎新任大使的宴会。
A a/an和one(形容词)

1 计算时间、测量距离或重量等时,a/an或one可以用于单数的前面:

£l=a/one pound一英镑

£ 1,000,000= a/one million pounds 100万英镑

(参见第三十六章。)

但是,请注意:

The rent is £ 100 a week.

房租为每星期100英镑。

这个句子中week前面的a不能用one代替。(参见第2节F。)

在其他类型的陈述句中a/an和one通常不能互换,因为one+名词通常意为 one only/not more than one(只有一个),而a/an则没有这个意思:

A shotgun is no good.

猎枪不行。(这种武器不合适。)

One shotgun is no good.

一枝猎枪不行。(我需要两枝或三枝。)

2 one的特殊用法

(a) one(形容词/代词)与 another/others对照连用:

One(boy)wanted to read,another/others wanted to watch TV.一个(男孩)想看书,另一个/别的男孩们想看电视。(参见第53节。)

One day he wanted his lunch early, another day he wanted it late.

他一天要早点吃午饭,另一天又要晚点吃午饭。

(b) one可以用在 day/week/month/year/summer/winter等词之前,或者用在日期或月份的名称之前,以特指某事发生的时间:

One night there was a terrible storm.

一天晚上有一场特大

的风暴。

One winter the snow fell early.

有一年冬天雪下得早。

On e day a telgram arrived.

有一天来了一封电报。

(c) one day也可用来表示 at some future date(将来有一天):One day you’ll be sorry you treated him so badly.(这里也可用someday。)

终有一天你会因为待他这么不好而后悔的。

(关于one和you,参见第68节。)

B a/an和one(代词)

one是可以用来代替a/an的相应的代词形式:

-Did you get a ticket?

-Yes,I managed to get one.

-你搞到票了吗?

-是的,我设法搞到了一张。

具有这种用法的one的复数形式是some:

-Did you get tickets?

-Yes,I managed to get some.

-你搞到票了吗?

-是的,我设法搞了几张。
1.一(个,件,…):

He had a book under his arm.他手臂下夹着一本书。

He was a boy from a poor home. 他是来自穷苦家庭的孩子。

I saw a girl watering the flowers. 我看见一个女孩在浇花。

Anna had a boy friend named James. 安娜有个男朋友名叫詹姆斯。

He arrived half an hour ago. 他是半小时前到达的。

He is an able man. 他是一个能干的人。

Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 他会得寸进尺。

The book is based on an actual case. 这书是根据一个实际案例写的。

He decided to put an advertisement in the newspapers. 他决定在报上登一份广告。

2.任何…都:

A bird has wings. 鸟有翅膀。

A square has four sides. 正方形有四条边。

A dog is an animal. 狗是动物。

3.每(一):

He comes home once a week. 他每周回一次家。

The doctor told him to bathe his eyes twice a day. 医生让他每天洗两次眼睛。

The ducks were force-fed several times a day. 这种鸭子每天强行喂食好几次。

4.某,某一个:

A Mr. Black just came to see you. 刚才一个叫布莱克先生的人来看你。

The house next door has been bought by a Mr Jones. 隔壁的房子被一个叫琼斯的先生的人买下了。

【考点说明】

1. 用 a 还是用an:一般说来,在辅音或半元音开头的词前用a,而在元音开头的词前用an。注意:有些以元音字母开头的单词,由于第一个音不是元音而是辅音,其前仍用a而不用an。

2. 单数可数名词若泛指,其前需加 a / an,不要从汉语习惯出发,漏掉此不定冠词,如不能说Her father is famous film poet.(应在is加a)

3.不能与指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格等连用,如不说 my a good friend,可改说 a good friend of mine。

不定冠词最基本的用途就是用来表示“一”这概念,如:

① A stitch in time saves nine.
② Jason is an internationally known scholar.

此外,a/an 还有下列 6 种用途:

一常和time、measurement等有关的名词

连用,以表示“每—” 的概念,如:

③ I teach five days a week.
④ This type of vegetables is sold at one dollar a kilo.
⑤ My car usually runs sixty kilometres an hour.

二常和 hundred, thousand, dozen 以及数目及数量连用,如:

⑥ That factory turns out at least a hundred tyres a day.
⑦ Noel's monthly salary is a thousand dollars.
⑧ I have a number of sponsored students.
⑨ Mary has a lot of money.

三在“of / at”后面出现,以表示“同一类”这概念,如:

⑩ Birds of a feather flock together.
11. Please come one at a time.
12. Things of a kind come together, so do people of a mind.

四常在“rather, quite, many, half, what, such”等字后面出现,形成固定用法,如:

13. Tom is rather a fool.
14. I think Chinese is quite a useful language.
15. Many a student has asked that question.
16. The visitor left half an hour ago.
17. What a fine day it is!
18. How can you say such a thing?

五用在“so, as, too, how +形容词”这些结构里,如:

19. We have not had so hot a day before.
20. Susan is as clever a girl as Anna.
21. That is too difficult a book for beginners.
22. No one knew how serious a problem it was until later.

六出现在许多惯用语中,如:

23. Bob always has a bone to pick with others.
24. Some students turned a deaf ear to the teacher's advice.
25. All must learn a language with an eye to mastering it.
26. I hope you will make an effort to attend the meeting punctually.
27. Jason has an aversion to being idle.
28. The news of Jack's sudden resignation came as a bolt from the blue

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