american history Test-1
美国文学自测题及参考答案
美国文学自测题及参考答案IDirections: In this part of the test, there are 9 items and 10 blanks. Fill in the best answer on the Answer Sheet according to the knowledge you have learned.1.The first American literature was neither ____ nor really____.2.Of the immigrants who came to America in the first threequarters of the seventeenth century, the overwhelmingmajority was _____.3.The English immigrants who settled on America’s northernseacoast were called _____, so named after those who wishedto “purify” the Church of England.4.Washington Irving, the Father of American literature,developed the _____ as a genre in American literature.5.Franklin’s best writing is found in his masterpiece _____.6.The most outstanding poet in America of the 18th century was_____.7.In the early 19th century, “Rip Van Winkle”had established_____’s reputation at home and abroad, and designated thebeginning of American Romanticism.8._____ has sometimes been considered the father of themodern short story.9.In 1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne brought out his masterpiece_____, the story of a triangular love affair in colonialAmerica.Directions: In this part of the test, there are twenty items. Choose the best answer and write the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.1. The Colonial Period of American literature stretched roughly fromthe settlement of America in the early 17th century throughthe end of ________ century.A. the 18thB. the 19thC. the 20thD. 21th2. New-England’s Plantation was published in 1630 by ________A. Francis HigginsonB. William BradfordC. John SmithD. Michael Wigglesworth3. Of all the books written by Michael Wigglesworth the beat knownis ________A. The Flesh and the SpiritB. The True TravelsC. The Day of DoomD. Christopher Columbus4. Benjamin Franklin was the epitome of the ______.A. American EnlightenmentB. Sugar ActC. Chartist movementD. Romanticist5. In the first section of Autobiography the writer addressed to________A. his sonB. his friendsC. his wifeD. himself6. During 1807-1808, Washington Irving wrote for his brother’snewspaper called ________A. New York TimesB. Washington PostC. SalmagundiD. Daily News7. History of New York was published in 1807 under the name of________A. Washington IrvingB. Diedrich KnickerbokerC. James Fenimore CooperD. John Whittier8. Rip Van Winkle was written by ________A. James Fenimore CooperB. Benjamin FranklinC. Washington IrvingD. Walt Whitman9. The Spy was written by James Fenimore Cooper in 1821. It is anovel about ________A. American Civil WarB. American RevolutionC. American West ExpansionD. The First World War10. Natty Bumppo is the hero in Cooper’s ________A. The PrecautionB. The SpyC. The Gleanings in EuropeD. Leatherstocking Tales11. ________ was regarded as a poet of the American RevolutionA. Philip FreneauB. Walt WhitmanC. Robert FrostD. Cal Sandburg12. The Raven was written in 1844 by ________A. Philip FreneauB. Edgar Allan PoeC. Henry Wadsworth LongfellowD. Emily Dickinson13. The Minister’s Black Veil was written by ________A. Edgar Allan PoeB. Nathaniel HawthorneC. Henry David ThoreauD. Ralph Waldo Emerson14. Anne Bradstreet was a Puritan poet. Her poems made such a stir in England that she became known as the ______ who appeared in America.A. Ninth MuseB. Tenth MuseC. Best MuseD. First Muse15. The ship ______ carried about one hundred Pilgrims and took 66 days to beat its way across the Atlantic. In December of 1620, it put the Pilgrims ashore at Plymouth, Massachusetts.A. SunflowerB. ArmadaC. MayflowerD. Titanic16. A new _____ had appeared in England in the last years of the 18th century. It spread to continental Europe and then came to America early in the 19th century.A. RealismB. Critical realismC. RomanticismD. Naturalism17. Washington Irving got his idea for his most famous story, Rip VanWinkle, from a ________A. Greek legendB. German legendC. French legendD. English legend18. Rip Van Winkle is found in Irving’s longer work, ________A. The Sketch BookB. History of New YorkC. Tales of a TravelerD. The Precaution19. ________ was often regarded as America’s first man of letters,devoting much of his career to literature.A. Benjamin FranklinB. Philip FreneauC. Washington IrvingD. James Fenimore Cooper20. All the following novels are in Cooper’s Leatherstocking Talesexcept ________A. The PioneersB. The PrairieC. The DeerslayerD. The SpyDirections: In this part of the test, there are twenty titles. Judge the authors of these works and fill them on the Answer Sheet.1.Gleanings in Europe2.Oliver Goldsmith3.The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America4.“The Day of Doom”5. A History of New York6.The Last of the Mohicans7.The House of the Night8. A Forest Hymn9.“The Raven”10.“The Cask of Amontillado”11.Mosses from an Old Manse12.“Israfel”13.“The Flesh and the Spirit”14.Life of George Washington15.The Pathfinder16.“the Wild Honey Suckle”17.The Flood of Years18.“The Poetic Principle”19.The Blithedale Romance20.“The Indian Burying Ground”Directions: In this part of the test, there are five terms. Pleasegive the definition for these terms. Scores will be given for the related contents. Four individual contents will be enough for four points.1. Knickerbocker2. Poor Richard’s Almanac3. Leatherstocking Tales4. Puritanism5. Benjamin FranklinDirections: In this part of the test, there are two excerpts. Each of the excerpts is followed by three questions. Read the excerpts and answer the questions on the Answer Sheet.Part AFrom morning suns and evening dewsAt first thy little being came:If nothing once, you nothing lose,For when you die you are the same;The space between, is but an hour,The frail duration of a flower.1. Who is the poet of the poem and what is the title of the poem? (2 points)2. Tell the metrical structure and rhyme scheme of the poem. (1 point)3. What does the “little being”refer to? What meaning is suggested by thephrase “but an hour”? (2 points)Part BThe opinions of this junto were completely controlled by Nicholas Vedder, a patriarch of the village, and landlord of the inn, at the door of which he took his seat from morning till night, just moving sufficiently to avoid the sun and keep in the shade of a large tree; so that the neighbors could tell the hour by his movements as accurately as by a sundial. It is true he was rarely heard to speak, but smoked his pipe incessantly. His adherents, however (for every great man has his adherents), perfectly understood him, and knew how to gather his opinions. When anything that was read or related displeased him, he was observed to smoke his pipe vehemently, and to send forth short, frequent and angry puffs; but when pleased, he would inhale the smoke slowly and tranquilly, and emit it in light and placid clouds; and sometimes, taking the pipe from his mouth, and letting the fragrant vapor curl about his nose, would gravely nod his head in token of perfect approbation.From even this stronghold the unlucky Rip was at length routed by his termagant wife, who would suddenly break in upon the tranquility of the assemblage and call the members all to naught; nor was that august personage, Nicholas Vedder himself, sacred from the daring tongue of this terrible virago, who charged him outright with encouraging her husband in habits of idleness.1. Who was the writer of this story? What is the title of this story? (2 points)2. Who was Nicholas Vedder? (1 point)3. How did he express his opinions on public matters? (2 points)Directions: In this part of the test, you are given five topics. Choose TWO of them and give a comment on the Answer Sheet. Scores will be given according to the content, grammar and the completeness of the related knowledge.参考答案I.Blanks: (10%)(每题1分，共10分，答错不给分)1. American literature2. English3. Puritans4. short story5. Autobiography6. Philip Freneau7. Washington Irving8. Edgar Allan Poe9. The Scarlet LetterII.Multiple Choice: ( 20%)(每题1分，共20分，答错不给分)1. A2. B3. C4. A5. A6. C7. B8. C9. B 10. D11. A 12. B 13. B 14. B 15. C16.C 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. D III.Identification (20%)（每题1分，共20分，答错不给分）1.James Fenimore Cooper2.Washington Irving3.Anne Bradstreet4.Michael Wigglesworth5.Washington Irving6.James Fenimore Cooper7.Philip Freneau8.William Cullen Bryant9.Edgar Allan Poe10.Edgar Allan Poe11.Nathaniel Hawthorne12.Edgar Allan Poe13.Anne Bradstreet14.Washington Irving15.James Fenimore Cooper16.Philip Freneau17.William Cullen Bryant18.Edgar Allan Poe19.Nathaniel Hawthorne20.Philip FreneauIV.Terms (20%)（每题4分，共20分。
american_history 美国历史
The Civil War 1861-1865: Union vs Confederacy
Advantages of the Union? Union had double the population Double the railway track 5 times as many factories
By 1850, Oregon and California become states.
Western Expansion
The belief that America should spread from coast to coast
Political
Fear of Spanish, French, English, and Mexican power Desire to spread Democracy and the American way of life. Desire to spread the institution of slavery
Quiz
1. When was the Civil War? 2. What was 1 cause of the CW? 3. What was another cause of CW? 4. Who was President during CW? 5. Which amendment banned slavery? 6. What was Reconstruction?
American History
(A few points)
Put these events in order:
World War I War of Independence American Civil War The start of expansion to the West
AP备考资料-美国历史 -模拟考试及其详解-第1套-AP US History
"The British invaders of the New World, and to lesser degree the French, came to colonize. They came in thousands to occupy the land. They were, therefore, in direct competition with the Indians and acted accordingly, despite their verbal adherence to fine principles of justice and fair dealing.The Spanish came quite frankly to conquer, to Christianize....They came in small num bers....and the Indian labor force was essential to their aims.Therefore they did not dislodge or exterminate the Indians....
美国文学史及选读
History And Anthology of American Literature (VolumeⅠ)美国文学史及选读1PartⅠThe Literature of Colonial America殖民主义时期的文学1.17世纪早期English and European explorers开始登陆美洲。
在他们之前100多年Caribbean Islands, Mexico andother Parts of South America已被the Spanish占领。
2.17th早期English settlements in Virginia and Massachusetts(弗吉尼亚和马萨诸塞)开始了美国历史3.美国最早殖民者(earliest settlers)included Dutch ,Swedes ,Germans ,Freunch ,Spaniards ,Italians and Portugueses(荷兰人，瑞典人，德国人，法国人，西班牙人，意大利人及葡萄牙人等)。
4.美国早期文学主要为the narratives and journals of these settlements采用in diaries and in journals(日记和日志)，他们写关于the land with dense forests and deep-blue lakes and rich soil.5.第一批美国永久居民：the first permanent English settlement in North America was established atJamestown,Virginia in 1607(北美弗吉尼亚詹姆斯顿)。
6.船长约翰·史密斯Captain John Smith他的作品(reports of exploration)17th早期出版，被认为是美国第一部真正意义上的文学作品in the early 1600s,have been described as the first distinctly American literature written in English.他讲述了filled with themes, myths, images, scenes, character and events,吸引了朝圣者和清教徒前往lure the Pilgrims and the Puritans.7.美国第一位作家：1608年Captain John Smith写了封信《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》“A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony”.8.他的第二本书1612年《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》“A Map of Virginia: with a Description of theCountry”.9.他一共出版了八本书，其中有关于新英格兰的历史及描述。
研究生学位英语考试2013年6月真题
GENERAL ENGLISH QUALIFYING TESTFOR NON-ENGLISH MAJOR GRADUATE STUDENTS(GETJUN1613)考试注童事项一、本考试由两份试卷组成：试卷一（Paper O ne)包括听力理解、词汇、完形填空与阅读理解四部分，共80题，按顺序统一编号；试卷二（PaperTwo)包括翻译与写作两部分,共3题。
二、试卷一（题号1-80)为客观评分题（听力Section C部分除外)，答案一律用2B铅笔做在机读答题纸上，在对应题号下所选的字母中间划黑道，如[A][B]杩[Dh三、试卷二为主观评分题，答案做在ANSWER SHEET I I上。
答题前^请仔细阅读试卷二的注意事项。
四、试卷一、试卷二上均不得作任何记号（听力Section C部分除外)，答案一律写在答题纸上，否则无效<>五、本考试全部时间为150分钟，釆用试卷一与试卷二分卷计时的办法。
试卷一考试时间为90分钟，听力理解部分以放完录音带为准，大约25分钟；其余部 分共计时65分钟，每部分所占时间均标在试卷上，考生可自行掌握。
试卷二共计时60分钟f每部分所占时间均标在试卷上，考生可自行掌握。
六、试卷一与试卷二采取分别收卷的办法。
每次终了时间一到，考生一律停笔，等候监考教师收点试卷及答题纸。
全部考试结束后，须待监考教师将全部试卷及答题纸收点无 误并宣布本考试结束，方可离开考场。
PAPER ONEPARTI LISTENING COMPREHENSION (25 minutes, 20 points)Section A (1 point each)Directions: In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end 讨 each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. Theconversations and the questions will be read only once. Choose the best anmerfromthef°ur choices S>ven by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar acrossthe sqmre brackets on your machine-scored Answer Sheet.1 ‘ A, The manager will ask Jack to leave,B. The manager will make Jack work overnight.C The m eager will make things difficult for Jack.D. The manager will dismiss Jack from his position.2. A. He serves as a good example for his son.B. He depends on his son for a living.C. He is quite interested in fashion.D. He is very strict with his son.3. A. She will go if it doesn’t rain.B. She will go regardless of the weatherC. She will go if she has enough money,D. She will go if she has time.4‘ A. The author of the book is a great thinker,B. The author s point of view is ambiguous.C. The woman should read the book again and again.D. The woman didn t understand the book correctly,5. A. It reminds him of someone with that name.B. That name sounds familiar.C_ The girl used to be his best friend.D. He has never heard that name before.6. A. It is too early to worry about it.B. It will be the best result ever.C. It is no use worrying about it.D. It is too late to worry about it,7. A. Stock trading is highly risky,B. Stock trading is very interesting.C. Stock trading is easy if you know how,D. Stock trading is not so easy as the man thinks.8. A. He never liked the committee,B, He was fired by his boss.C He was in a difficult situation.D. He didn’t resign from the committee at all9. A. The man’s feelings are not reliable.B. The man doesn’t have sufficient evidence.C. Mike didn’t say anything bad about the man.D. Mike has said something bad about the man.Section B (1 point e ach)Directions：In this section you will hear two mini-talks. At the end of e ach talk, there will be som e questions. Both the talks and the questions will be read to you only once. After eachquestion, there will be a pause' During the pause, you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single baracross the square brackets on your machine-scored Answer SheelMini-talk on e10- A. Lack of basic education in many developing countries.B. Effective methods of teaching in developing countries.C Important skills to be learned in developing countries.D. Causes of poverty in many developing countries.11. A, One in two.B. One in four.C. One in five.D. One in eight.12. A. Going to boarding schools.B. Going to schools far from home.C- Receiving education in cities,D. Learning through TV or computers. Mini-talk T w o13. A. It was optimistic,C. It was startling,B. It was pessimistic. D* It was worrisome.14. A. It was hard to estimate.C. It was on the decline.B, It remained unchanged. D, It was on the rise.15. A. 20 % of all deaths.C. Almost one million.B. 25 % of all deaths, D, Nearly 12million.Section C (1 point e ach)Directions: In this section you will hear a short lecture. Listen to the recording and complete the notes about the lecture‘ Y o u will hear the recording twice. After the recording you areasked to write down your answers on the Answer Sheet. Y o u now have 25 seconds toread the notes below,(请在录音结束后把16-20题的答案抄写在答题纸上）16. The aim of the IB programs is to help the students develop the skills to live, learn and work ina_____________(two words) world,17‘ High school students have to ^.(three words), pass exams and write a twenty-page paper to earn an IB diploma.18. These IB diploma students can also attend.■ (two words).19. The conference was meant as a way for students not only to learn about the environment，butalso to develop______________(two words).20. The 17-year-old student said they had to _conference..(three words) to present to thePART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points)Section A (0.5 point each)Directions: Them are ten questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C andD, Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Markthe corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on yourmachine-scored Answer Sheet.21. New European legislation will come into effect shortly regarding the equal treatment of men andwomen in insurance,A. soonB. closely C, briefly D, abruptly21 Those who are motivated tend to have clear goals and persist in the face of defeat or failure.A. for the sake ofB. by means ofC. in spite ofD. on account of23. Once these people seize power, they will abuse it，casting aside their beliefs and brutalizing theirfellow citizens.A. advocatingB. discardingC. innovating D, reinforcing24. What I did for Mother that day was small, but it helped deepen the special bond between us.A. barrierB. rivalryC. tieD. collaboration25. The analyst warns investors that an appealing idea does not necessarily make for a good fund.A. attractive B, acute C. abundant D. apparent26. Smith and I studied under the same supervisor, worked together, and forged a lifelong friendship.A. pledgedB. produced C, assessed D. dispersed27. Psychologists have stated that negative thinldng can consume your life and cause problems,A. patriotismB. heroismC. optimismD. pessimism28. When George H,W. Bush graduated from Yale in 1948, most assumed he would head to WallStreet.A. make forB. excel inC. dispose of D, compete against29. It is extremely difficult or even impossible to work out the risk of occasional passive smoking.A, eliminate B. convert C. exercise D, calculate30. The levels of PM2.5 in Beijing are by far the worst since the government began releasing figureson PM2.5 particles.A. over a large areaB. according to most peopleC. by a considerable marginD. until the present momentSection B (0.5 point e a c h)Directions: T h e re are te n questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with something missing. Below each sentence are f our w ords or p hrases marked A, B’ C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best com pletes the se n te n c e, Mark the correspondingletter with a single bar across th e square brackets on your m achine-scored A nsw erS h e e t.31. Although a man of______birth, Abraham Lincoln managed to be one of the greatest presidentsin American history.A. feebleB. nobleC. edibleD. humble32. Concerned about the future of the country, the new president had a clear______of where to leadit,A. visionB. recollectionC. fantasyD. image33. Doctors and researchers have to keep themselves______c m the latest developments in theirsphere of study.A. convincedB. humiliated C, updated D. isolated34. Heavy______to environmental tobacco smoke at work has been shown to double the risk oflung cancer.A* contact B. touch C, exposure D. encounter35. PM2.5 particles are thought particularly damaging to health because they can______deep intothe lungs.A, dig B. penetrate C. elevate D. dive36. It seems that countries with the highest regular chocolate intake per person have a______greater number of Nobel Prize winners,A, previously B. proportionally C. psychologically D, purposefully 37. Pets are______providing not only companionship to humans, but health benefits to many aswell.A. credited with B, prohibited from C, accused of D. ascribed to38. If you’re making a conscious effort to______lies, experts suggest seeking like-minded, honest folkA. get down toB. be crazy aboutC. cut back onD. look up to39. The Bush administration lifted sanctions on Pakistan and helped fund counter-terrorism operations______her cooperation.A. in regard to B* in comparison with C. in the eyes of D. in return for40. The plot of some TV series focusing on military intelligence collection is______complicated______almost defy belief.Directions: T h ere are 10 questions in this part of the te s t. Read the passage through. T h en, go back m d choose咖suitabk word or phrase marked A, B, C, or Dfor each blank inthe paSSage- Mark the responding letter of the won! or phrase you have chosenwith a Sin^le bar卯腿加 square brackets on your machine-scored Answer S heet.Ttoe are two primary causes of traffic accidents, those that are caused by the driver and those that are environmental and outside toe driver's control. —41— environmental issues like weather or poor road maintenance may cause an accident, statistically these are far less likely to do so. Driver ―郎 prove to be the main cause of accidents. The most —42— distractions are looking at traffic, crashes and roadside incidents. While it is widely believed that cell phones are a greater cause, C e l1 ph°neS °nly —43— skth m list. J4—, laws to limit cell phone use while driving do not decrease accidents. Hands-free phones are —45— than hand-held devices.Alcoho] was a factor in at least 41 percent of all fatal crashes. Alcohol —46— affects vision, reaCti0n time md attention of the and decreases overall driving performance. Fatigues —47— 100,000 vehicle crashes per year, killing _48— 1,500 people and injuring 71,000 people. Accidents caused by fatigue are particularly —49— for truck drivers and others taking long-haul driving trips. Speeding is another major cause of traffic accidents, particularly for younger or newer drivp.r« TWtlu ctra mnra1U,一__J ... .i...PART n i CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)41. A. However42. A, instructive43. A. come about44. A. In fact45. A. more safer46. A. adversely47. A. stands for48. A, as soon as49. A* rare50. A, situated in were speeding at the time of the crash.Bt Because C. If D. WhileB. disruptiveC. descriptiveD. constructive B. come across C. come on D ‘ come inB- For example C. Even so D, By contrast B. not so safe C. no more safe D. no longer safeB. scarcely C’ favorablyD. affectionately B* compensates for C. runs for D. accounts for B- as long as C. as many as D. as much as B, necessary C. populous D, prevalentB- involved in C. indulged inD. engaged inPART ^READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point e a c h)D— ln thisPart °flhe啤thm arefive short passages. Read each passage carefully, and ^en加Questions that f ollow. Choose the best answerfrom the four choices givenand mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets onyour machine-scored Answer Sheet.P a ssa g e OneEveryone knows about straight-A students. They get high grades, all right, but only by becoming dull and diligent students, their noses always stuck in a book. How, then, do we account for Paul Melendres? Melendres, now a freshman at the University of New Mexico, was 伽ient-body president at Valley High School in Albuquerque. Hejoined the soccer and basketball teams of his school, exhibited at the science fair, was chosen for the National Honor Society and he achieved straight A’s in all his classes.How do super-achievers like Melendres do it? Brains aren’t the only 咖wer. “Top grades don’t always go to the brightest students；1 declares Herbert Walberg, professor of education at the University of Illinois at Chicago, who has conducted major studies of super-achieving students.“Knowing how to make the most of your innate abilities counts for more. Infinitely more."Hard work isn’t the whole story, either. “It’s not how long you sit there with the books open，”said one of the many A students we interviewed. “It’s what you do while you're sitting” Indeed, some of these students actually put in fewer hours of homework time than their lower-scoring classmates.The kids at the top of the class get there by mastering a few basic techniques that others can readily learn.Set priorities. Ibp students brook no intrusions on study time. Once the books are open or the computer is booted up，phone calls go unanswered，TV shows unwatched, snacks ignored. Study is business; business comes before recreation,Study anywhere-or everywhere. A cross-country runner who worked out every day used the time to memorize biology terms. Another student posted a vocabulary list by the medicine cabinet and learned a new word every day while brushing his teeth.Get organized. In high school, McCray ran track, played rugby and was in the band and orchestra. “I was so busy, I couldn't waste time looking for a pencil or missing paper. I kept everything right where I could put my hands on it,” he says.Among the students we interviewed, study times were strictly a matter of personal preference. Some worked Jate at night when the house was quiet. Others awoke early. Still others studied as soon as they came home from school when the work was fresh in their minds. All agreed, however, on the need for consistency,5L Which of the following statements might Herbert Walberg agree with?A. High IQ alone may not be the guarantee of top grades.B. A super-achiever has to devote all his spare time to study.C. Innate abilities do not make much difference to your grades.D. The brighter the students, the greater their chances of success.52. In Paragraph Three, the author stresses the importance of_______A. PracfceB. disciplineC. efficiency D, carefulness53‘Top students brook no intrusions on study time" (Para, 5) means that they_____A. never ask any questions while studyingB, don’t want other people to tell them how to studyC‘ consider study more important than anything elseD. don’t allow other things to interrupt their study54. What tips might McCray offer to other students?A. Join a school organization.B. Put things in their right places*C‘ Study anywhere at any timeD. Learn as much as you can.55. What can we learn about study times from the last paragraph?A. Study times can be adjusted every day.B. Study times vary from person to person.C. There are no best study times for a student.D_ Study times are crucial for academic excellence.56. What is the topic of the passage?A. Grades and education.B. Hard work in high schools.C‘ Balancing study and play, D. Secrets of top students‘Passage TwoCleaning clothes usually requires soap and water to remove stains and smells, and a tumble 丨n the dryer or an afternoon on the clothesline to dry. The time and energy needed to turn a heap of dirty laundry into a pile of clean clothes might make people wish for clothes that just clean themselves.That wish is a step closer to coming true. Recent experiments show that cotton fabric coated with the right mixture of chemicals can dissolve stains and remove odors after only a few hours in the sun. “The technology can be applied to all kinds of fabrics and their related products，” says materials scientist Mingce Long. He helped develop the treated cotton with his colleague Deyong Wu.The handy fabric gets its self-cleaning abilities from a chemical mixture that coats the cotton threads. The coating includes substances known as photocatalysts, which trigger chemical reactions in light. One of those photocatalysts, called titanium dioxide (二氧化钛)，helps sunscreen block the sun. Another, called silver iodide (破化银)，is used for developing photographs.Researchers have previously shown that titanium dioxide mixtures could remove stains in clothes — but with exposure to ultraviolet, not visible, light. (The waves of ultraviolet light are more energetic and shorter than those of visible light) Other studies have demonstrated that silver iodide can speed up chemical reactions in sunlight*“We knew that self-cleaning cotton fabrics with titanium dioxide coating had already been developed, but they cannot work, or they work weakly, under sunlight,” Long says. “If we want to use the fabrics in daily life, we must develop cotton that cleans itself under daylight." Long and Wu created just such a fabric, working for years to perfect the recipe for a liquid dip that left cotton coated with the titanium dioxide mixture. Then they added particles of silver iodide, which boosted the fabric’s self-cleaning ability in the sun. In laboratory tests, their creation was nearly seven times better at removing stains than titanium dioxide alone,The scientists can’t start selling their self-cleaning cotton just yet; they still need to make sure the coated cotton won’t harm those who wear it. Although titanium dioxide is used in some foods, recent experiments have shown that it can cause health problems if it gets in the lungs. So before the material can be worn, scientists need to find a way to make it safe,57. The materials developed by Mingce Long can clean themselves by_______.A. being soaked in a mixture of chemicalsB. being exposed only to ultraviolet lightC being exposed to sunlight for a few hoursD, being hung in high-temperature environments58* The research conducted by Long and his colleagues_______■A. is based on previous studiesB* has caused a debate among scientistsC. is pioneer work in a new fieldD. poses a challenge to other scientists59. Long’s major concern over the self-cleaning materials is whether________A. their cleaning ability can lastB. it is safe to wear themC‘ their cleaning effect is satisfactoryD. it is cost-effective to produce them60. We can learn from the laboratory tests that their research_______.A. has left much to be desiredB. has yet to produce convincing resultsC. will yield huge economic benefitsD. can be considered a success61. It can be learned from the last paragraph that self-cleaning clothes_______•A. prove to be better than expectedB. are still at the experimental stageC. will soon be put into the marketD. may produce more harms than benefits62. What is the major topic of the passage?A. The effectiveness of self-cleaning fabrics.B. The application of self-cleaning technology.C. The development of self-cleaning materials.D. The necessity of self-cleaning clothes.P a ssa g e T h re eTHE digital attack of e-books and Amazon-style e-tailers has put bookstores at risk. Digital books are expected to outsell print titles by 2015 in Britain and even sooner in America. With this change, physical bookstores appear to be on borrowed time. So, what is the future of the bookstore? This is a burning questicm on everyone's lips at a recent event at Foyles’s flagship bookshop in London.To remain successful, a bookstore must improve l*the experience of buying books’” says Alex Lifschutz, an architect, He suggests an array of approaches: “small, quiet spaces sheltered with books; larger spaces where one can dwell and read; other larger but still intimate spaces where one can hear talks from authors about books." Exteriors must buzz with activity, entrances must be full of eye-catching presentations. The trend for not only incorporating cafes in bookstores but also placing them on the top floor makes good sense. This draws shoppers upwards floor-by-floor, which is bound to encourage people to linger longer and spend more.There are plenty of ways to delight customers. The consensus is that bookstores need to becomecultural destinations where people are prepared to pay good money to hear a concert, see a film or attend a talk. The programming will have to be intelligent and the space comfortable. As shoppers often browse in shops only to buy online later, some wonder whether it makes sense to charge people for the privilege.A more attractive idea might be a membership scheme like (hose offered by museums and other cultural venues. Unlike reward cards, which offer discounts and other nominal benefits, a club membership could provide priority access to events and a private lounge where members can eat, drink and meet authors before events. Different memberships could tailor to the needs of children and students.To survive and thrive, bookstores should celebrate the book in all its forms: rare, second-hand, digital, self-printed and so on. Readers should have the option of buying e-books in-store, and budding authors should have access to self-printing book machines, an important source of revenue in America.The bookstore of the future will have to work hard. Service will be knowledgeable and personalized, (he inventory expertly selected, spaces well-designed and the cultural events appealing. Whether bookstores are up to the challenge is not clear. The fate of these stores is a cliff-hanger.63. The first paragraph implies that without effective countermeasures_______.A. books on physics will die out soonB. printed books will outnumber e-booksC. no bookstores can survive digitalizationD. traditional bookstores will be short-lived64. The main idea of the second paragraph is that_______.A. the layout and atmosphere will be vital for bookstoresB. future bookstores should provide quick servicesC. advertising is critical to sales at future bookstoresD. bookstores should provide drinks on each floor65. All of the following are approaches suggested to boost sales EXCEPT_______.A. widening the range of servicesB. adopting the membership schemeC. issuing reward cards to customersD. making bookstores recreational66* The underlined word “celebrate” as is used in this passage probably means ______.A. spendB. observe C, commemorate D. embrace67. The last paragraph of this passage is concerned with______fA. current difficulties facing bookstoresB. challenges facing bookstores of the futureC. great opportunities for various bookstoresD. the easily achievable goal of future bookstores68. This passage can be best entitled 一_____.A. E-Publish or PerishB. Never Too Old to ReadC. The Future of the BookstoreD. Lower Value of Physical BooksP a s sa g e FourLong before the iPhone made him the god of gadgets, Steve Jobs launched his tech career by hacldng land lines to make free long-distance calls. Bob Dylan’s band, the Golden Chords, lost a high-school talent competition to a tap dancing act. Behind every success story is an embarrassing first effort, a stumble, a setback or a radical change of direction. It’s these first clumsy steps on the road to fame and fortune that fascinate writer Seth Fiegerman, who edits the blog , a collection of case studies on the origins of famous careers.“When you see someone who's very successful, you almost imagine that it was an inevitable conclusion, that they’re a genius, that they were destined for great things,” says Fiegerman, who began the blog in 2009, after an early setback in his own career. “I think the big takeaway is failure and setbacks, far from being uncommon, are in many ways essential.，’After Fiegerman, now 26, graduated from New York University in 2008，he landed a first job as a research editor at Playboy magazine. But he had worked there for just half a year when management announced that most of the staff would soon be laid off. As unemployment loomed, Fiegerman felt adrift. He began to explore the Playboy archives, discovering a valuable wealth of interviews with celebrities ranging from Marlon Brando to Malcolm X. Many of these successful people shared tales of their less promising early days, and Fiegerman quickly became obsessed with these origin stories.He began reading biographies with great interest and requesting interviews with writers and musicians he admired, using the blog to document the fits and starts that began the careers of the famous and the infamous. Success, he learned, was less a matter of innate talent and more the product of perseverance, a willingness to stumble and stand up again and again.“You kind of assume that great geniuses [are] like Mozart," Fiegerman says. But few successful people were children of highly unusual talent and these children don’t necessarily find success, “Most people don’t stick to it ”Like his subjects, Fiegerman found that his own early setback wasn’t permanent. He landed a new job in journalism, and today he works at the tech news website Mashable, covering, appropriately enough, start-up businesses. While he has less time for the blog, he hopes his collection of origin stories will help other young people realize it’s OK to fail.69. Steve Jobs and Bob Dylan are mentioned to show that .A. success is hard to achieve for most ordinary peopleB. successful people share certain good qualitiesC a good beginning is important for a successful careerD. setbacks are nothing unusual in successful careers70- The underlined word “takeaway” (Para. 2) probably means “ ’，.A. a point to be rememberedB* a threat to your good healthC_ some food to be eaten elsewhereD. a barrier to a successful career71. Fiegerman became interested in the origin stories_______A. while he was working for a magazineB. after he was laid off by a magazineC. after he set up a news websiteD. when he was creating his blog72. According to Fiegerman, which of the following is critical to success?A. Patience.B. Intelligence.C. Persistence.D. Opportunity.73. Fiegerman’s purpose in creating the blog is to_______.A. introduce new strategies to deal with setbacksB. encourage people to see failure in perspectiveC. advise people on how to start new businessesD‘ share the success stories of famous people74. Which is probably the best title for the passage?A. Tips for A Successful CareerB. Success Is Not EverythingC. All Roads Lead to RomeD. Failure Is the Mother of SuccessP a s s a g e F iveThe scandal at Harvard University in which authorities are investigating whether nearly half of a class of 279 students cheated on a take-home final exam raises a number of questions, including this: Does everybody cheat?“ Dozens of Harvard University students may have wrongly shared answers on a final exam, an unprecedented" case of suspected academic dishonesty. Sanctions for students found guilty of cheating include leaving Harvard for a year.Harvard, like most U.S. colleges and universities, has never had an honor code, although the Associated Press reports that it is giving “renewed consideration" to the idea as a result of the scandal.So, does everybody cheat?Not quite, but studies show that most students cheat at one time or another.A survey of 40,000 high school students found that more than half of teenagers said they had cheated on a test m Ihe previous year, and 34 percent said they had done it more than twice. One-third of the students said that they had plagiarized an assignment with the help of the Internet.The consequences for the country may be significant. A 2009 study about the relationship between high school attitudes and behavior and later adult conduct found that people who cheated on exams in high school two or more times are more likely to be dishonest later in life than those who never cheated in high school.Meanwhile, we've seen successive scandals involving cheating by the adults in school 一 teachers and principals — as a result of the growing importance of standardized tests. As the stakes associated with the scores have risen — the tests are used to gauge not only student achievement, but also teacher effectiveness, school and district quality ~ more people have taken desperate measures to ensure better scores. Not an excuse, just an explanation.Modem technology makes cheating much easier. Cheating cases have been documented in 30 states over the past three academic years. Some students, including those at virtual schools, sometimes put entire quizzes on the Internet, and the same exams are used repeatedly by teachers.Back at Harvard, a culture of cheating persists, here's a lot of pressure internally and externally to succeed at Harvard, and when kids who are not used to failing feel these things, it can really bend their eliiics in ways I didn't expect to see，” author Eric Kester told ABC News,75. The word “unprecedented，，is used in Paragraph Two to emphasize that—____,A. the causes of these cases of cheating had remained a mysteryB. such large-scale cheating was something unheard of at HarvardC. there had never been any cheating at Harvard beforeD. such cases of cheating had been left unreported by the media。
初一年级英语作文美国历史
Exploring American History: A Journeythrough Time for Junior High StudentsAmerican history is a vast and fascinating tapestry of diverse cultures, events, and individuals that have shaped the nation over centuries. From its earliest days as a collection of colonies to its emergence as a global superpower, the United States has experienced moments of triumph and tragedy, innovation and struggle. In this essay, we will explore some of the key events and periods in American history, highlighting the significance of these occurrences for students in junior high.The colonial period, spanning from the early 1600s to the mid-1700s, marks the beginning of American history.This era was characterized by the establishment of thirteen British colonies along the eastern coast of North America. The colonists, seeking religious freedom and economic opportunities, faced numerous challenges, including disease, Native American conflicts, and strict British rule. However, their perseverance and determination ultimately led to the formation of a unique identity and culture that would later form the foundation of the United States.The American Revolution, which took place from 1775 to 1783, was a crucial turning point in American history. The colonists, fed up with British taxation and oppression, united under the banner of freedom and independence. Led by George Washington and other Founding Fathers, they engaged in a war that would test their resolve and mettle. After years of conflict, the colonists emerged victorious, securing their independence and establishing the United States of America.The 19th century was a period of rapid growth and transformation for the United States. The Industrial Revolution, which began in Europe, soon spread to America, sparking a period of industrialization and urbanization. Factories and railroads transformed the economy, and millions of immigrants arrived to seek opportunities in the New World. However, this period also saw the rise of social and economic inequalities, leading to movements such as abolitionism and women's rights that aimed to address these issues.The 20th century was a time of significant upheaval and conflict for the United States. The Civil War, fought from1861 to 1865, was a brutal conflict that divided the nation over the issue of slavery. The war ended with the abolition of slavery and the strengthening of the federal government. In the following decades, the United States emerged as a global power, playing a pivotal role in World War I and World War II. The Cold War, a period of tense relations between the United States and the Soviet Union, followed the wars, leading to the development of nuclear weapons and the space race.The 21st century has brought new challenges and opportunities for the United States. The rise of technology and globalization has transformed the economy and society, while issues such as climate change and social justice have become increasingly urgent. The United States remains a global leader, but its role and influence are constantly evolving in response to these new realities.In conclusion, American history is a rich and diverse tapestry of events and individuals that have shaped the nation over centuries. From the colonial period to the present day, the United States has faced challenges and opportunities that have tested its resolve and mettle. Asjunior high students, it is important to understand this history and the values it represents, as it provides a foundation for understanding the present and preparing for the future. By studying American history, we can gain insights into the nation's identity, values, and the roleit plays in the world.**探索美国历史：初中生穿越时空的旅程**美国历史是一部充满魅力和多样性的历史长卷，由不同的文化、事件和个体构成，这些元素在过去的几个世纪里共同塑造了美国。
《英美概况》练习题
英美概况练习题I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices:The highest mountain in Britain is ____.A. ScafellB. Ben NevisC. the CotswoldsD. the Forth2. The longest river in Britain is _____.A. the ClydeB. the MerseyC. the SevernD. the Thames3. The largest lake in Britain is _____.A. the Lough NeageB. Windermere WaterC. Coniston WaterD. the Lake District4. Which part of Britain is always fighting?A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____.A. EuropeB. the United StatesC. AfricaD. the West Indies, Indies and Pakistan6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____.A. the NormansB. the CeltsC. the IberiansD. the Anglo-Saxons7. British Recorded history began with _____.A. Roman invasionB. the Norman ConquestC. the Viking and Danish invasionD. the Anglo-Saxons invasion8. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English.A. JohnB. James IC. ElbertD. Henry I9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey.A. 1056B. 1066C. 1006D. 106010. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty.A. WindsorB. TudorC. MalcolmD. Plantagenet11. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament.A. Henry IIIB. the PopeC. BaronsD. Simon de Montfort12. The Hundred Years’ war stated in ____ and wa s ended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____.A. 1337, 1453, FlandersB. 1337, 1453, CalaisC. 1346, 1453, AgincourtD. 1346, 1453, Brest13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____.A. 30, Richard III, Henry TudorB. 50, Richard III, Henry TudorC. 30, Richard I, Henry TudorD. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor14. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century.A. England, 14B. England, 15C. Italy, 14D. Italy, 1515. The English Civil War is also called _____.A. the Glorious RevolutionB. the Bloody RevolutionC. the Catholic RevolutionD. the Puritan Revolution16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the New Land.A. 1620, LondonB. 1620, PlymouthC. 1720, LondonD. 1720, Plymouth17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines.A. the Industrial RevolutionB. the Bourgeois RevolutionC. the Wars of the RosesD. the Religious Reformation18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583.A. CanadaB. AustraliaC. IndiaD. Newfoundland19. _____ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American:A. Edward VIIIB. Edward VIIC. George VID. George VII20. In January _____ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community.A. 1957B. 1967C. 1973D. 197921. Soon after _____, Britain not only gave up its economic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership.A. 1900B. the First World WarC. the Second World WarD. 196022. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest _____ rate and the highest _____ rate.A. inflation, growthB. growth, inflationC. growth, divorceD. growth, birth23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _____.A. the exhaustion of old minesB. costly extractionC. little money being investedD. the labor shortage24. Britain’s foreign trade is mainly with _____.A. developing countriesB. other Commonwealth countriesC. other developed countriesD. EC25. The House of Lords is presided over by _____.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the QueenC. the Archbishop of CanterburyD. the Prime Minister26. A General Election is held every _____ years and there are _____ members of Parliaments are elected.A. five, 600B. five, 650C. five, 651D. four, 65127. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____.A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of CommonsB. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of LordsC. the Queen, the House of CommonsD. the Queen, the House of Lords28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _____.A. the QueenB. the CabinetC. the House of LordsD. the House of Commons29. The sources of British law include _____.A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community lawB. statutes, common law and equity lawC. statutes, common law and European Community lawD. a complete code and statutes30. In criminal trials by jury, _____ passes sentenced and _____ decide the issue of guilt or innocence.A. the judge, the juryB. the judge, the judgeC. the jury, the juryD. the Lord Chancellor, the jury31. ____ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery.A. Magistrates’ courtsB. Youth courtsC. District courtsD. The Crown Court32. London’s Metropolitan Police Force is under the control of _____.A. the England secretariesB. the Scottish SecretariesC. Northern Ireland SecretariesD. the Home Secretary33. The National Health Service was established in the UK in _____ and based at first on _____.A. 1948, Acts of ParliamentB. 1958, Acts of ParliamentC. 1948, the Bill of RightsD. 1958, the Bill of Rights34. The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except _____.A. war pensionB. child benefitC. family creditD. unemployment benefit35. Except that _____ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churches or of none.A. the Lord ChancellorB. the Prime MinisterC. the SpeakerD. the ministers of all departments36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _____.A. independent schoolsB. junior schoolsC. independent schoolsD. primary schools37. There are some ____ universities, including the Open University.A. 900B. 290C. 90D. 5038. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law.A. receive completely free educationB. receive partly free educationC. receive no free education if their families are richD. receive no free education at all39. With regard to its size, the USA is the _____ country in the world.A. largestB. second largestC. third largestD. fourth largest40. In the following rivers, _____ has been called the American Ruhr.A. the MississippiB. the MissouriC. the HudsonD. the Ohio41. Among the following rivers, _____ forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S.A. the PotomacB. the ColumbiaC. the Rio Grande RiverD. the Colorado42. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except _____.A. YaleB. HarvardC. OxfordD. Massachusetts Institute of Technology43. The nation’s capital city Washington D.C. and New York are located in _____.A. the American WestB. the Great PlainsC. the MidwestD. the Middle Atlantic States44. The Midwest in America’s most important _____ area.A. agriculturalB. industrialC. manufacturingD. mining industry45. In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that _____.A. separate educational facilities had been illegalB. educational facilities had been separate but equalC. educational facilities had been equalD. separate educational facilities were inherently unequal46. The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in _____.A. 1882B. 1883C. 1900D. 192447. The first immigrants in American history came from ____ and ____.A. Ireland/FranceB. England/ChinaC. Scotland/EnglandD. England / Netherland48. Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of the miserable life of the _____.A. early settlersB. PuritansC. native IndiansD. black slaves49. According to American historians and specialists in demography, there are _____ great population movement in the history of the United States.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five50. Many early Chinese immigrants worked in the mining industry, especially in the _____.A. gold minesB. silver minesC. coal minesD. copper mines51. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _____.A. James MadisonB. Thomas JeffersonC. Alexander HamiltonD. George Washington52. On July 4, 1776, _____ adopted the Declaration of Independence.A. the First Continental CongressB. the Second Continental CongressC. the Third Continental CongressD. the Constitutional Convention53. The victory of _____ was the turning point of the War of Independence.A. SaratogaB. GettysburgC. TrentonD. Yorktown54. Ten amendments introduced by James Madison in 1789 were added to the Constitution. They are knows as _____.A. the Articles of ConfederationB. the Bill of RightC. the Civil RightsD. Federalist Papers55. President Jefferson bought _____ from France and doubled the country’s territory.A. New MexicoB. the Louisiana TerritoryC. KansasD. Ohio56. The Declaration of Independence came from the theory of British philosopher _____.A. Paul RevereB. John LockeC. CornwallisD. Frederick Douglass57. During the WWII, the Axis powers were mainly made up by __.A. Germany, France and JapanB. France, Japan and BritainC. Germany, Italy and BritainD. German, Italy and Japan58. The Progressive Movement is a movement demanding government regulation of the _____ and _____ conditions.A. economy/politicalB. social/politicalC. economy/socialD. political/cultural59. As a result of WWI, _____ was not one of the defeated nations.A. GermanyB. Austro-HungaryC. OttomanD. Russia60. The aim of President Roosevelt’s New Deal was to “save American _____.”A. economyB. politicsC. societyD. democracy61. The longest war that the United States has fought is _____.A. the War of IndependenceB. the Civil WarC. the Vietnam WarD. the Gulf War62. After long and difficult negotiations in Paris, the United States and _____ signed a cease-fire agreement on January 27, 1973.A. South VietnamB. North VietnamC. ChinaD. Vietnam63. President Kennedy inspired many to work to wipe out poverty and to end segregation and voting rights abuses. His Program was called _____.A. the New FreedomB. the New DealC. the New RightD. the New Frontier64. _____, which was passed by Congress in the spring of 1940, made it unlawful for any group to advocate or teach the violent overthrow of government in the United States.A. The Civil Rights ActB. The War Power ActC. The Smith ActD. The Marshall Plan65. It was this trend of conservatism that brought _____ into the White House.A. KennedyB. JohnsonC. NixonD. Reagan66. The second busiest port in the United States is _____.A. New YorkB. HoustonC. Los AngelesD. New Orleans67. In the postwar years government involvement was emphasized when the U.S. adopted ____ theory in running the economy.A. monetaristB. KeynesianC. McCarthismD. New Freedom68. _____ is the country’s leading state in oil and natural gas deposit.A. AlabamaB. VirginalC. TexasD. Georgia69. _____ is the Pacific Coast’s largest and busiest commercial city and the second largest city in population in the U.S.70. Among the following, _____ is not within the power of the U.S. President.A. He can veto laws passed by the CongressB. He appoints federal court judgesC. He is the head of the executive branch of governmentD. He is responsible for the interpretation of the Constitution.71. The “winter-take-all” system applies in all states except _____.A. Rhode IslandB. MaineC. GeorgiaD. Hawaii72. In the dual process by which the Constitution could be charged, amendments must have the approval of _____ of the states before they enter into force.A. one-secondB. two-thirdsC. three-fourthsD. all73. After the 1828 election of _____, the Democratic-Republican Party split.A. Thomas JeffersonB. Andrew JacksonC. Franklin RooseveltD. Abraham Lincoln74. The system of higher education in the U.S. has three principal functions except _____.A. teachingB. researchC. public serviceD. individual service75. What are the focuses of reform happened in the mid-1980s?A. the rising of the standards of teaching and learningB. the raising of the standards of teaching and learningC. eliminating drugs and violence from schoolD. both A and BII. Filling in the blanks:1.The ancestors of the English were ______, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish the ______.2.In the mid-5th century, three Teutonic tribes ______, _____, and _____ invaded Britain. Amongthem, the _____ gave their name to English people.3.In the 8th century, the _____ began to attack the English coasts. Under the leadership of King________ the West Saxons offered resistance.4.The battle of _______ witnessed the death of Harold in October, 1066.5.Under William, the ______ system in England was completely established.6.The Great Charter was established at restricting the power of the ________.7.______ was the deadly bubonic plague, which reduced England’s population from four million to______ million by the end of the 14th century.8.James I and his son Charles I both believed firmly in ______.9.During the Civil War, the Cavaliers supported ________, while the Roundheads supported_______.10.After the Civil War, Oliver Cromwell declared England a ______, later, he became _________.11.The two parties originated with the Glorious Revolution were _____ and _______. The formerwere the forerunners of the ______ Party, the latter were of the ______ party.12.In 1765, the Scottish inventor _____ produced a very efficient _____ that could be applied totextile and other machinery.13.The British Empire began with the founding of ________ in 1583, and fell after the end of________________.14.In the first Civil War, the king’s men were called ______and the supporters of parliament werecalled ________.15.After the Industrial Revolution, Britain became th e “______” of the world.16.During the Second World War ________ led Britain to final victory in 1945.17.The largest immigration movement did not take place until _______.18._________ is a clear explanation of the political theory behind the American War ofIndependence.19.The Union Army defeated the Confederate army at ______, Pennsylvania and it was the turningpoint of the Civil War.20.In 1620, the Pilgrims sailed to the New World in a ship called ______.21.The last war between the United States and Britain was fought between _____ and 1814.22.______, which banned slavery, was added to the Constitution in December, 1865.23.Between 1607 and 1733 the British established _____ colonies along the east coast of NorthAmerica.24.The name of American Indian was given by _______.25.________ was the magic word that drew people to America.26.In the early 1930s, the American foreign policy was _______.27._______ and his Model T helped the Unites States to move on the way to becoming a nation onwheels.28.At the beginning of the Great Depression, the first blow to the stock market came on October 24,1929, called ______.29.During the First World War the U.S. pursued a policy of _____.30.The Japanese attacked __________________ in Hawaii on December 7th , 1941.III. Rearrangement of the following historical events in the order in which they took place:A. 1. ________ a. Norman Conquest2. _________ b. Anglo-Saxon Conquest3. _________ c. the birth of Parliament4. _________ d. Roman Conquest5. _________ e. Danish InvasionB. 1. ________ a. the outbreak of the Wars of the roses2. ________ b. the outbreak of the Hundred Years’ War3. ________ c. the Black Death4. ________ d. the “glorious revolution”5. ________ e. the execution of Charles I6. ________ f. the restoration of Charles IIIV. Translation of the following terms.1.the Hadrian’s Wall:2.Alfred the Great3.William the Conqueror4.the battle of Hastings5.the Great Charter6.the Hundred Years’ War7.Joan of Arc8.the Black Death9.the Wars of Roses10.Bloody Mary11.Elizabeth I12.Oliver Cromwell13.Whigs and Tories14.James Watt15.Winston Churchill16.the Emancipation Proclamation17.the Truman Doctrine:18.the Marshall PlanV. Answering the following questions briefly1.What is the full name of the United Kingdom?2.What are the other names?3.What are the two large islands that make up the British Isles?4.What are the four political divisions of the United Kingdom?5.What’s its respective capital（首府）?6.What’s the national anthem?7.What’s its national flower?8.What’s its national flag?9.What’s its nickname?10.How many countries are there in the British Commonwealth?11.What is the important river in Britain?12.What kind of country is Britain?13.Can you tell me something about the location of Britain?14.What’s the climate like in Britain?15.Why do British people talk about weather very often?16.What are the symbols of England?17.Can you say some of the landmarks of London?18.What are the symbols of Scotland?19.Talk about some of the famous people in different parts of Britain.20.What is the character of the British people?21.Who are the ancestors of the English and who are the ancestors of Scots, Welsh and Irish?22.How many stages is British history divided into during the origins of the nation? How long isit?23.What are the stages?24.The earliest known settlers on the British Isles were ________.25.Christianity was first brought to England by ________.26.What is the unit of currency in the U.K.?27.Which bank is Britain’s central bank?28.Why does London make a top financial center in the world?29.Which area is the major producer of Britain’s microchips? the three big companies in Britain’s energy sector.31.Which is the world’s largest mining company?32.Who made measures to improve the British economy in the 1980’s? What is the nickname forher?33.What kind of measures did Mrs. Thatcher take? the countries of G7 .35.What was the British economy like before the 1880’s?36.What is the basis of the British government?37.Who is the head of the country?38.Who is the present sovereign of the UK?39.How many parts make the British Parliament? And what are they?40.What is the official title for the president of the House of Lords?41.What are the two major parties in the U.K. now?42.Who presides over the cabinet?43.Who has the real power in the country?44.Who is the present Prime Minister of the UK?45.Where does the Prime Minister live and work?46.What are the sources of the laws in the United kingdom?47.The United Kingdom legislation is divided into three states. What are they?48.In England and Wales, what does the Crown Prosecution Service do?49.If the accused is acquitted, can he or she be charged with the specific crime again?50.Who decides the issue of guilt or innocence in criminal trial with a jury?51.What kind of people make up the jury? And how many?52.How many criminal courts are there in England and Wales? And What are they?53.What are the three criminal courts in Scotland?54.Is there a ministry of justice in the United Kingdom? Who is responsible for that?55.Who controls London Metropolitan’s Police force?KeysI. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices.1. B2. C3. A4. D5. D6. C7. A8. C9. B 10. D 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D 16. B 17. A18. D 19. A 20. C 21. C 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. C27. C 28. D 29. A 30. A 31. D 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. A 36. D 37. C38. A 39. D 40. D 41.C 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. D 46. A 47. D 48. D49. C 50. A 51. B 52. B 53. A 54. B 55. B 56. B 57. D 58. C 59. D60. D 61. C 62. B 63. D 64. C 65. D 66. D 67. B 68. C 69. C 70. D71. B 72. B 73. B 74. D 75. DII. Fill in the blanks:1.. Anglo-Saxons, Celts2. Jutes, Saxons, Angles, Angles3. Danes, Alfred4. Hastings5. feudal6. King7. Black Death, two8. the Divine Right of Kings9. the king, the Parliament 10. Commonwealth, Lord Protector 11. Whigs, Tories, Liberal, Conservative12. James Watt steam engine 13. Newfoundland, World War II 14. Cavaliers, Roundheads 15. workshop 16. Winston Churchill 17. 1815 18. The Declaration of Independence 19. Gettysburg 20. Mayflower 21. 1812 22. The Thirteenth Amendment 23. 13 24.Chirstopher Columbus 25. Opportunity 26. isolationist 27. Henry Ford 28. the black Thursday 29. pro-Ally partiality 30. Pearl HarborIII. Rearrange the following historical events in the order in which they took place:A. 1. d 2. b 3. e 4. a 5. cB. 1. c 2. b 3. a 4. e 5.b 6.fIV. Explain the following terms.1.the Hadrian’s Wall:哈德良城墙It was one of the two great walls built by the Romans to keep the Picts out of the area they had conquered.2.Alfred the Great阿尔弗雷德大帝Alfred was a strong Saxon king who defeated the Danes and made a peace treaty with them. He was also known as“ the father of the British navy”.3.William the Conqueror统治者威廉William was Duke of Normandy. He landed his army in Oct, 1066 and defeated King Harold.Then he was crowned king of England on Christmas Day the same year. He established a strong Norman government and the feudal system in England.4.the battle of Hastings黑斯廷斯战役In 1066, King Edward died with no heir, the Witan chose Harold as king. William, Duke of Normandy, invaded England. On October 14, the two armies met near Hasting. After a day’s battle, Harold was killed and his army completely defeated. So this battle was very important on the way of the Roman conquest.5.the Great Charter大宪章King John’s reign caused much discontent among the barons. In 1215, he was forced to sign a document, known as the Great Charter. Its spirit was the limitation of the king’s powers, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal law of the land.6.the Hund red Years’ War百年大战It refers to the intermittent war between France and England that last from 1337 to 1453. The causes were partly territorial and partly economic. The result of the war was that the English lost all the territories they had gained except the French port of Calais. The expelling of the English was a blessing for both countries.7.Joan of Arc圣女贞德Joan of Arc was a national heroine of France during the Hundred Years’ War. She successfully led the French to drive the English out of France.8.the Black Death黑死病It was the deadly plague which spread through Europe in the 14th century. It killed almost half of the population of England. Thus, much land was left untended and labour was short. It caused far-reaching economic consequences.9.the Wars of Roses玫瑰战争The war of roses refer to the battles between the House of Lancaster and the House of York between 1455 and 1485. The former was symbolized by the red rose, and the latter by the white one. After the wars, feudalism was greatly weakened. Tudor monarchs ruled England and Wales for over two hundred years.10.Bloody Mary血腥的玛丽Henry VIII’s daughter and a devoted Catholic. When she became Queen, she persecuted and burnt many Protestants. So she was given the nickname “Bloody Mary”.11.Elizabeth I伊丽莎白一世One of the greatest monarchs in British history. She reigned England, Wales and Ireland for 45 years and remained single. Her reign was a time of great achievements in literature and other arts, in exploration and in battle.12.Oliver Cromwell奥利弗·克伦威尔The leader during the Civil War who defeated the king and condemned him to death. Then he declared England a Commonwealth and made himself Lord of Protector.13.Whigs and Tories辉格党和托利党Whigs and Tories refer to the two party names which originated with the Glorious Revolution of 1688. The Whigs were those who opposed absolute monarchy and supported the right to religious freedom for Nonconformists. The Tories were those who supported hereditary monarchy and were reluctant to remove kings. The Whigs became the Liberal Party. The Tories were the forerunners of the Conservative Party.14.James Watt詹姆斯·瓦特The Scottish inventor who produced an efficient steam engine that could be applied to textile and other machinery.15.Winston Churchill温斯顿·邱吉尔Prime Minister of Britain during the Second World War. He took over Chamberlain in 1940 and received massive popular support. He led his country to final victory in 1945.16.the Emancipation Proclamation解放宣言During the Civil war, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation to get more support for the Union at home and abroad. It granted freedom to all slaves.17.the Truman Doctrine杜鲁门主义On March 12, 1949, President Truman put forward the Truman Doctrine in a speech to the joint session of Congress. The Truman Doctrine meant to say that the U.S. government would support any country which said it was fighting against Communism.18.the Marshall Plan马歇尔计划On June 5, 1947, the Secretary of State George Marshall announced the Marshall Plan, which meant that in order to protect Western Europe from possible Soviet expansion, the United States decided to offer Western European countries economic aid.V. Answers:1.the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国2.its short term :UK: the United Kingdom (大不列颠)联合王国Great Britain (大不列颠，英国）,its short term: G.B. GB Britain(不列颠, 英国) England英格兰(the main part of Britain), 英国the British Empire大英帝国(a historical term) the British Commonwealth英联邦,3.Great Britain and Ireland4.Three political divisions on the island of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales andNorthern Ireland5.England:London Scotland: Edinburgh Wales：Cardiff Northern Ireland: Belfast.6.God Save the Queen/King7.Rose8.the Union Jack9.John Bull. A personification of the British nation or a typical British man10.53 member countries11.The Thames River12.A land country13.It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest ofEurope by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east.14.and 15. Britain has a maritime climate------winters are not too cold and summers are not too hot.It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The temperature varies within a small range. That’s why British people talk about weather a lot.16.Policeman, Royal Coat of Arms皇家徽章, Black Taxi, Foot Guard, Life Guard DoubleDecker Bus, Union Flag17.Big Ben, Tower of London, London Eye, Buckingham Palace, St Paul's Cathedral, TowerBridge18.Edinburgh, Edinburgh International Arts Festival, Tartan (Kilt), Whiskey, Bagpipe , golf19.William Shakespeare, William Wordsworth, Robert Burns, Catherine Zeta-Jones ,William ButlerYeats, Seamus Heaney20.The British are said to be reserved /conservative in manners, dress and speech. They are famousfor their politeness, self-discipline and especially for their sense of humour. Basic politeness (please, thank you, excuse me) is often heard.21.The ancestors of the English are Anglo-saxons while the ancestors of the Scots, the Welsh andthe Irish are Celts22. 5 stages.23.I. Prehistoric Britain BC indicates the early settlers of Britain---the IberiansII. Roman Britain 43 ADIII. Anglo Saxon Britain 450IV. Viking and Danish Britain 793V.Medieval Britain/The Norman Conquest 1066 This period of history covers over 6000 years long. That is, from 5000 BC to 1066 AD.24.Iberians25.Romans26.the pound sterling英币1镑27.the bank of England28.It has the greatest concentration of foreign banks, accounting for 26% all international bank-loans,。
《》之英美概况简答题完整版
UK I1.What is the full name of the United Kingdom?•the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Irelandits short term :UK: the United Kingdom2.What are the other names?•Great Britain ,its short term: G.B. GBBritain, England,3.What are the two large islands that make up the British Isles?Great Britain and Ireland4.What are the four political divisions of the United Kingdom?Britain: England, Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland5.What’s its respective capital（首府）?•England: LondonScotland: EdinburghWales：CardiffNorthern Ireland: Belfast.6.What’s the national anthem?God Save the Queen/King7.What’s its national flower?Rose8.What’s its national flag?The Union Jack9.What’s its nickname?J o h n B u l l.UK 21.What kind of country is Britain in terms of its geographical feature?2.Which river is most important in Britain?3.Can you tell me something about the location of Britain?4.What’s the climate like in Britain? Why do British people talk about weather veryoften?5.What are the symbols of England?6.Can you list some landmarks of London?7.What are the symbols of Scotland?Keys:• 1. An island country• 2. The Thames River• 3. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea inthe east.• 4. Britain has a maritime climate------winters are not too cold and summers are not too hot. It has a steady reliable rainfall throughout the whole year. The temperature varies within a small range. That’s why British people talk about weather a lot.• 5. The royal policeman, Royal Coat of Arms(皇家徽章), Black Taxi, Foot Guard, Life Guard, Double Decker Bus ,Union Flag , Big Ben• 6. Tower of London, London Eye, the Buckingham Palace, St Paul's Cathedral, Tower Bridge•7. Edinburgh, Edinburgh International Arts Festival, Tartan, Whiskey, Bagpipe, golf UK 31.Tell some symbols of Wales?2.Tell some symbols of Northern Ireland?3.Talk about some famous people in different parts of UK.4.The British are mainly made up of _____, ____, _____, and ____.5.Describe the character of the British people briefly.6.Who are the ancestors of the English and who are the ancestors of Scots, Welshand Irish?7.How many stages are British history divided into during the formation of the nation?How long is it?8.What are the stages specifically?9.The earliest known settlers on the British Isles were ________.10.Christianity was first brought to England by ________.Keys:● 1. Saint David, Cardiff, Prince of Wales, Eisteddfoudau, Castles● 2. The Lough Neagh, The Giant’s Causeway● 3. William Shakespeare William WordsworthRobert Burns Catherine Zeta-Jones William Butler Yeats Seamus Heaney● 4. England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland● 5. They are generally reserved /conservative in manners, dress and speech. Theyare famous for their politeness, self-discipline and especially for their sense ofhumour.6.The ancestors of the English are Anglo-saxonswhile the ancestors of the Scots, the Welsh and the Irish are Celts7. 5 stages.I. Prehistoric Britain 5000 BC (the early settlers of Britain---the Iberian )II. Roman Britain 43 ADIII. Anglo Saxon Britain 450IV. Viking and Danish Britain 793V. Medieval Britain/The Norman Conquest 10668.This period of history covers over 6000 years long. That is, from 5000 BC to 1066AD.9.Iberians10.RomansUK 41. The earliest known settlers on the British Isles were ____. Iberians2. Christianity was first brought to England by ________. The Romans3. Who were the invaders during the fifth century?The Angles and the Saxons4.Do you know the Norman conqueror’s name?William the Norman5. The Parliament became a regular agency of the government under ________.Edward I6.Why was the War of Roses so called?Because the war was between he Lancastrians, whose symbol was a red rose, and the Yorkists, whose symbol was a white rose.7. Why was “Glorious Revolution” so called?The revolution (1688) was glorious because it was bloodless.8. Who was the first prime minister in English history?Sir Robert WalpoleUK 5• 1. What is the basis of the British government?• 2. Who is the head of the country?• 3. Who is the present sovereign of the UK?• 4. How many parts make the British Parliament? And what are they?• 5.What is the president of the House of Lords called?• 6. What are the two major parties?•7. Who presides the cabinet?•8. Who has the real power in the country?•9. Who is the present Prime Minister of the UK?•10. Where does the Prime Minister live and work?•Keys:• 1. constitutional monarchy• 2. a queen or a king• 3. Elizabeth II• 4. Three. They are the sovereign, the House of Lords, the House of Commons• 5. Lord Chancellor• 6. the Conservative Party and the Labor Party•7. the Prime Minister•8. the Prime Minister•9. David Cameron•10. No.10, Downing StreetUS 1•. How do you know about the different names of USA?• 2. What’s its national flag?• 3.How do you know the meaning of its national flag?• 4. What’s the nickname of American people?• 5. What’s its national anthem(国歌)?• 6. There are many things that symbolize American culture, could you say some of them? No less than 10 itemsKeys:1.the United States of America;US; U.S. USA; U.S.A2.The Stars and Stripes, Old Glory, The Starry Banner3.The stripes symbolize the 13 colonies that originally constituted the United States ofAmerica. The stars represent the 50 states of the Union.4.Uncle Sam5.The Star-Spangled Banner 《星条旗永不落》US 21.Where is the US? Could you tell me its boundary ?2.How large is it?3.What’s its rank respectively all over the world concerning to its area and population?4.How many states are there in the mainland of the United States?5.And which two states are geographically separated from the other?6.What is the capital of the US?Can you say some of itstourist attractions? 4 or more7. 2 of the most important mountains of the US are__________ and ________.8.“Father of Waters” refers to __________ River.9.The _______ River has been called the American Ruhr(德国鲁尔河) .10.______ forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the United States.The Rio Grande River(格兰德河) The Mississippi RiverThe Ohio River The Columbia River11.The 5 Great Lakes are_______, ______, _________, ________ and _______.12.How many geographical regions is it divided into?13.What are the major cities in USA?Keys:1. The United States is situated in the central part of North America with its two youngest states. The Continental United States stretches 4,500km from the Atlantic Ocean on the east to the Pacific Ocean on the westIt borders_Canada on the north and reaches south to Mexico and Gulf of Mexico2. The U. S has a land area of 9. 3 million square kilometres.3. It is the fourth largest country in the world in size after Russia，Canada and China.It is the third most populous country in the world after China and India.4. 485.Alaska and Hawaii6. Washington D.C.U.S. Capitol, Washington Monument, Civil War Memorial; Jefferson Memorial, Lincoln Memorial7. Appalachian Mountains and the Rocky mountains8. “Father of Waters” refers to the Mississippi River.9. The Ohio River has been called the American Ruhr .10. The Rio Grande River forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the UnitedStates.11. The 5 Great Lakes are Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Eire and Lake Ontario.. 12. It is divided into 7 geographical regions.1) New England 新英格兰地区2) Atlantic and Gulf Coast Plain大西洋和海湾平原3)Appalachian Mountain Belt阿帕拉契山区4)Interior Lowlands沿岸低地5)Rocky Mountain Belt落基山区6)Southwest西南地区7)Pacific Coast太平洋海岸地区14.New York City, Chicago, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Houston, Boston, DetroitUS31.What’s the climate like in USA?2.Why is USA called a melting pot?3.Why is USA called a nation on wheels?4.What are American people like in terms of the character? who’s who 名人录in America (presidents, writers, scientists, actors oractress and so on. )Keys1．4 kinds of climate on the continental USA1）The north-eastern part of the country has a humid continental climate（湿润的大陆性气候）.2）The south-eastern United States has a humid subtropical climate. （湿润的亚热带气候）3）The Pacific northwest has a maritime climate海洋性气候)4）The southern part of the Pacific coast in California has a Mediterranean climate （地中海式气候）with warm, dry summers and moist winters.2. The melting pot means that people with different cultural and ethnical backgroundsimmigrate to the United States, live together, get mixed and build up this culture that is called American culture today.3. Cars are an important part of life in the United States. The car made the United Statesa nation on wheels. 1 in 5 Americans moves to a new home every year seeking new jobopportunity, a better climate of other goals.4. American characterrespect of individual rightsreligious tolerancea strong spirit of individual enterpriseUS 3• 1. The first immigrants in American history came from ____ and ____.• 1. England / the Netherlands• 2. Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of the miserable life of the _____.• 2. black slaves• 3. According to American historians and specialists in demography人口学, there are _____ great population movement in the history of the United States.• 3. four4. In ______, the Pilgrims sailed to the New World in a ship called ______.4. 1620, Mayflower5. Traditionally, the mainstream Americans were called WASPs, that is, ______5. White Anglo-Saxon Protestants.US 41. The inhabitants prior to the arrival of the Europeans are now called____________. Native Americans2.____________________________________ is commonly regarded as the discoverer of America. Christopher Columbus, an Italian navigator3. The first successful English settlement in America was ____________ in 1607. Jamestown4.On ____________, in the Second Continental congress, ___________________________ was declared, which was primarily written by ______________-___.July4, 1776, The Declaration of Independence,Thomas Jefferson5. The first president of the United States was _________________ under the new US Constitution. George Washington6. In 1803, the United States paid $15 million to buy 828,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi from France, this is called _____________. Louisiana Purchase7. In the year _______, after ______________ was elected President, the South seceded to establish a rebel government, _______________. 1861, Abraham Lincoln, The Confederate States of America8. The _________________ was the beginning of the __________________ in the late 1920s and 1930s. President Roosevelt’s (FDR) _______ measures was to ________________________.stock market crash, Great Depression, New Deal, save American democracy and the capital system9.The United States declared war against Japan after its surprise attack on____________-_ on December 7,1941.Pearl Harbor10. The United States dropped two atomic bombs on ________ and Nagasaki in August 1945, thus hastened the unconditional surrender of Japan.Hiroshima11. After WWII, the United States became one of the two dominant_____________, and the _____________ began.Superpowers, Cold WarUS 51.W h a t i s c a l l e d f e d e r a l i s m?T h e d i v i s i o n o f p o w e r b y a c o n s t i t u t i o n b e t w e e n t h e c e n t r a l g o v e r n m e n t a n d s t a t eg o v e r n m e n t.2.W h a t i s S e p a r a t i o n o f P o w e r s?I t m e a n s c o n s t i t u t i o n a l d i v i s i o n o f p o w e r s a m o n g t h e l e g i s l a t i v e,e x e c u t i v e a n d j u d i c i a lb r a nc h e s.3.C a n y o u t e l l t h e t w o h o u s e s t h a t m a k e u p t h e A m e r i c a n C o n g r e s s?H o w m a n ym e m b e r s i n e a c h h o u s e?T h e H o u s e o f R e p r e s e n t a t i v e s(435m e m b e r s)a n d t h e S e n a t e(100m e m b e r s)m a k e u p t h e U S C o n g r e s s(l e g i s l a t u r e).4.T e l l t h e t w o m a j o r p a r t i e s i n t h e U.S.a n d t h e i r s y m b o l s.D e m o c r a t s&R e p u b l i c a n sD e m o c r a t s–d o n k e yR e p u b l i c a n s–e l e p h a n t5.W h a t i s a n e l e c t o r a l c o l l e g e?A g r o u p o f p e o p l e(e l e c t o r s)c h o s e n f r o m e a c h s t a t e a n d D.C.t o f o r m a l l y e l e c t t h e P r e s i d e n t a n d V i c e P r e s i d e n t.6.W h i c h p r e s i d e n t a b o l i s h e d s l a v e r y i n h i s t e n u r e?T h e16t hp r e s i d e n t--A b r a h a m L i n c o l n.7.W h o i s t h e o n l y p r e s i d e n t s e r v i n g m o r e t h a n t w o t e r m s i n A m e r i c a n h i s t o r y?F r a n k l i n R o o s e v e l t.8.W h o i s t h e f i r s t b l a c k A m e r i c a n p r e s i d e n t?B a r a c k O b a m aU K L I t e r a t u r e1. Who is the greatest dramatist in English history? List at least four of his major works.William ShakespeareThe Merchant of V enice; Hamlet; Othello; KingLear; Macbeth; Romeo and Juliet…2. Which play is regarded as a milestone inShakespeare’s dramatic development? “To beor not to be: that is the question”is the line inthe play.Hamlet3. What makes Shakespeare so famous?His great understanding of human nature and hisability to find universal human qualities and to putthem in dramatic situations.4. What makes a play a masterpiece?The ideas behind the play are about problems whichare still important to people of different ages inmodern times.US LIterautre1. What do you know about some important writers inAmerican literature? List at least four.Mark Twain; Earnest Hemingway; Irvin Shaw; O’Neil2.List some masterpieces of Mark Twain and Earnest Hemingway.Mark Twain: The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn ,Earnest Hemingway: The Old and the Sea, The Sun Also rises。
揭阳市初中英语八年级下册Unit 5测试(含答案解析)
一、选择题1．When he saw a wallet,he at once.A．picked it up B．gave it up C．picked up it D．gave up it A解析：A【解析】句意：当他看见一个钱包的时候，他立刻把它捡起来。
picked up表示捡起，拾起；gave up 表示放弃。
由“动词十副词”构成的短语动间其宾语是代词it或them时，代词必须放在动词和副词之间。
根据题意，故选A。
2．—Peter got an A in the English exam.—________．He isn't good at English at all.A．That's all right B．Of course C．You're kidding C解析：C【解析】句意：——彼得英语考试得了个A。
——你开玩笑吧。
他英语一点都不好。
考查日常交际用语。
A. That's all right没关系，用于回应别人的感谢；B. Of course当然，用于回应别人的邀请或建议；C. You're kidding你在开玩笑吧，表示不相信或不赞同。
根据句意结构和语境，可知选C。
3．(内江中考) They were playing soccer on the playground ______ the storm came.A．as soon as B．as long as C．when D．while C解析：C【解析】句意：暴风雨来临时，他们正在操场上踢足球。
A. as soon as意思是"一…就…"；B. as long as意思是"只要"；C. when意思是"当…的时候"，经常用于当一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行；D. while意思是"与……同时"表示两个动作同时进行。
2011年6月英语六级真题及答案
2011年6月大学英语六级真题Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Certificate Craze. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1．现在许多人热衷于各类证书考试2．其目的各不相同3．在我看来……The Certificate Craze注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sen tences with the information given in the passage.Minority ReportAmerican universities are accepting more minorities than ever. Graduating them is another matter.Barry Mills, the president of Bowdoin College, was justifiably proud of Bowdoin's efforts to recruit minority students. Since 2003 the small, elite liberal arts school in Brunswick, Maine, has boosted the proportion of so-called under-represented minority students in entering freshman classes from 8% to 13%. "It is our responsibility to reach out and attract students to come to our kinds of places," he tolda NEWSWEEK reporter. But Bowdoin has not done quite as well when it comes to actually graduating minorities. While 9 out of 10 white students routinely get their diplomas within six years, only 7 out of 10 black students made it to graduation day in several recent classes."If you look at who enters college, it now looks like America," says Hilary Pennington, director of postsecondary programs for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which has closely studied enrollment patterns in higher education. "But if you look at who walks across the stage for a diploma, it's still largely the white, upper-income population."The United States once had the highest graduation rate of any nation. Now it stands 10th. For the first time in American history, there is the risk that the rising generation will be less well educated than the previous one. The graduation rate among 25- to 34-year-olds is no better than the rate for the 55- to 64-year-olds who were going to college more than 30 years ago. Studies show that more and more poor and non-white students want to graduate from college – but their graduation rates fall far short of their dreams. The graduation rates for blacks, Latinos, and Native Americans lag far behind the graduation rates for whites and Asians. As the minority population grows in the United States, low college graduation rates become a threat to national prosperity.The problem is pronounced at public universities. In 2007 the University of Wisconsin-Madison – one of the top five or so prestigious public universities – graduated 81% of its white students within six years, but only 56% of its blacks. At less-selective state schools, the numbers get worse. During the same time frame, the University of Northern Iowa graduated 67% of its white students, but only 39% of its blacks. Community colleges have low graduation rates generally – but rock-bottom rates for minorities. A recent review of California community colleges found that while a third of the Asian students picked up their degrees, only 15% of African-Americans did so as well.Private colleges and universities generally do better, partly because they offer smaller classes and more personal attention. But when it comes to a significant graduation gap, Bowdoin has company. Nearby ColbyCollege logged an 18-point difference between white and black graduates in 2007 and 25 points in 2006. Middlebury College in Vermont, another top school, had a 19-point gap in 2007 and a 22-point gap in 2006. The most selective private schools – Harvard, Yale, and Princeton – show almost no gap between black and white graduation rates. But that may have more to do with their ability to select the best students. According to data gathered by Harvard Law School professor Lani Guinier, the most selective schools are more likely to choose blacks who have at least one immigrant parent from Africa or the Caribbean than black students who are descendants of American slaves."Higher education has been able to duck this issue for years, particularly the more selective schools, by saying the responsibility is on the individual student," says Pennington of the Gates Foundation. "If they fail, it's their fault." Some critics blame affirmative action – students admitted with lower test scores and grades from shaky high schools often struggle at elite schools. But a bigger problem may be that poor high schools often send their students to colleges for which they are "undermatched": they could get into more elite, richer schools, but instead go to community colleges and low-rated state schools that lack the resources to help them. Some schools out for profit cynically increase tuitions and count on student loans and federal aid to foot the bill – knowing full well that the students won't make it. "The school keeps the money, but the kid leaves with loads of debt and no degree and no ability to get a better job. Colleges are not holding up their end," says Amy Wilkins of the Education Trust.A college education is getting ever more expensive. Since 1982 tuitions have been rising at roughly twice the rate of inflation. In 2008 the net cost of attending a four-year public university – after financial aid – equaled 28% of median (中间的)family income, while a four-year private university cost 76% of median family income. More and more scholarships are based on merit, not need. Poorer students are not always thebest-informed consumers. Often they wind up deeply in debt or simply unable to pay after a year or two and must drop out.There once was a time when universities took pride in their dropout rates. Professors would begin the year by saying, "Look to the right and look to the left. One of you is not going to be here by the end of the year." But such a Darwinian spirit is beginning to give way as at least a few colleges face up to the graduation gap. At the University of Wisconsin-Madison, the gap has been roughly halved over the last three years. The university has poured resources into peer counseling to help students from inner-city schools adjust tothe rigor (严格要求)and faster pace of a university classroom –and also to help minority students overcome the stereotype that they are less qualified. Wisconsin has a "laserlike focus" on building up student skills in the first three months, according to vice provost (教务长)Damon Williams.State and federal governments could sharpen that focus everywhere by broadly publishing minority graduation rates. For years private colleges such as Princeton and MIT have had success bringing minorities onto campus in the summer before freshman year to give them some prepara tory courses. The newer trend is to start recruiting poor and non-white students as early as the seventh grade, using innovative tools to identify kids with sophisticated verbal skills. Such pro grams can be expensive, of course, but cheap compared with the millions already invested in scholarships and grants for kids who have little chance to graduate without special support.With effort and money, the graduation gap can be closed. Washington and Lee is a small, selective school in Lexington, Va. Its student body is less than 5% black and less than 2% Latino. While the school usually graduated about 90% of its whites, the graduation rate of its blacks and Latinos had dipped to 63% by 2007. "We went through a dramatic shift," says Dawn Watkins, the vice president for student affairs. The school aggressively pushed mentoring (辅导) of minorities by other students and "partnering" with parents at a special pre-enrollment session. The school had its first-ever black homecoming. Last spring the schoolgraduated the same proportion of minorities as it did whites. If the United States wants to keep up in the global economic race, it will have to pay systematic attention to graduating minorities, not just enrolling them.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
美国文学选择题练习
A. The Sun Also Rises C. Mosses from the Old Manse
B. The Old Man and the Sea D. Hills Like White Elephant
3. The Romantic writers would focus on all the following issues Except the __________ in the
England farmers.
D. He combined traditional verse forms with the experimental.
7. Edgar Allen Poe was characterized by his __________.
A. psycho-analysis
B. He combined traditional verse forms with the pastoral language of the Southern area.
C. He combined traditional verse forms with a simple spoken language, the speech of New
A. factory workers
B. sailors
C. landless farm laborers
D. veterans
12. Among the American realistic writers, _________ focused his attention on the rising middle
History and Anthology of English and American Literatu1×20)
美国历史 the history of America
Page 9
III. The American Revolution (1775-1783)
The second Continental Congress—to assume the function of a national government Lexington (April 19, 1775)
Page 7
II. The Colonial Era (1607-1776)
A. Early settlements
By 1733, English settlers had occupied 13 colonies along the Atlantic coast, from New Hampshire in the north to Georgia in the south.
Page 4
I. Discovery and English Settlement (1492-1607)
A. Reasons for the invasion of America
1
Passions— greed, dreams of secular and spiritual empire, the competition for national prestige and power
VI. The Sectional Conflict and the Civil War
B. The Civil War (1861-1865)
1. Fort Sumter, Charleston (April 12, 1861) 2. Lincoln’s first priority the Emancipation Proclamation (Jan. 1, 1863) 4. Enormous loss of human life and huge material destruction
(完整word版)美国社会与文化
一．Listening Comprehension （1*10=10）【1个对话，2篇段落】二．Multiple choice （1*20=20）【单元测试中1-8单元的选择题】三．Term Explanation （5*4=20）1.Blended Family 7Blended family is one type of the American family stuctures.This is a family chooses in which two persons remarry . These two persons both once got divorced ,but have children. In the new family ,they make both groups of children live together.2.The Great Depression 2During most of the 1920s,the Unite States enjoyed a period of unbalanced prosperity.①The boom was fueled by an inflated stock market, which later led to a crash on October 29, 1929.②This, along with many other economic factors, triggered a world-wide depression known as the Great Depression. During this time, the United States experienced deflation, unemployment increased from 3% in 1929 to 25% in 1933, and manufacturing output collapsed by one-third.3.Mother’s Day 4①The modern Mother's Day as celebrated in the US holiday as a day to honor mothers and motherhood; especially within the context of families, and family relationships.②It is now celebrated on various days in many parts of the world. The United States celebrates Mother's Day on the second Sunday in May.③The holiday was created by Anna Jarvis in Grafton, West Virginia, in 1908 as a day to honor one's mother.4.The lvy league 5①The Ivy League is an athletic conference comprising 8 private institutions of higher education such as Harvard University , Yale University and so on in the Northeastern United States.②In addition, Ivy League schools are often viewed by the public as some of the most prestigious universities worldwide and are often ranked amongst the best universities in the United States and worldwide.5.Affirmative Action 7①Affirmative action is a policy or program intended to promote access to education or employment for minority groups and women.②Motivation for affirmative action policies is to redress the effects of past discrimination and to encourage public institutions such as universities, hospitals, and police forces to be more representative of the population.6.The Bill of Rights 3①The Constitution has twenty-seven amendments. The first ten, collectively known as the Bill of Rights, were ratified simultaneously by 1791. The following seventeen were ratified separately over the next two centuries.②They were introduced by Jame Madison and Thomas Jefferson was a supporter of the bill of rights.③For example , First Amendment–freedom of speech, of the press, Freedom of Religion, and of assembly; right to petition..Third Amendment–Protection from quartering of troops.7.April Fool’s Day 4①April Fool’s Day is a day celebrated in many countries on April 1.②The day is marked by the commission of hoaxes and other practical jokes of varying sophistication on friends，family members，enemies，and neighbors.③April Fool's Day thus developed into an international fun fest, so to speak, with different nationalities specializing in their own brand of humor at the expense of their friends and families.8.SAT 5①Scholastic Assessment Test and Scholastic Aptitude Test②The SAT and ACT are the most common standardized tests that students take when applying to college.③Most competitive schools also require two or three SAT Subject Tests, (formerly known as SAT IIs), which are shorter exams that focus strictly on a particular subject matter.④Possible scores range from 600 to 2400, combining test results from three 800-point sections . Including math critical reading and writing .四．True or False （1*10=10）【教学课件中的内容】五．Questions （10*2=20）1.What are the advantages and disadvantages of jury system(陪审团制度) in the Judicial System（司法系统）of the United States？3 Advantages：Firstly, it is formed by ordinary people who have different kinds of jobs. Secondly , it is democratic . Thirdly , it help to enhance the credibility of the trial（提高审判公信力. Fourthly , it has law-making function（造法功能）. The last , it also has educational function（教育功能）Disadvantages:Firstly,most members of the jury do not have the legal expertise(缺乏法律专业知识). What’s more, if the Government cannot protect the jury well , the situation that the jury is being bought off or being threatened will be frequently happen. This will enable the upper social strata to have a good umbrella.(如果政府对陪审团保护不利的情况下，很容易发生陪审团被买通被威胁的事件，这样使社会上层人士有个很好的保护伞。
美国国家概况考题
Unit1 The country（）1. The United States stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Pacific Ocean in the east.（）2. The Mississippi river is the longest river in the United States.（）3. The Appalachian region is both complicated and varied, containing some ofthe highest mountains in North America, but also a vast expanse of intermontanebasins, plateaus, and isolated ranges.（）4. Western Washington and Oregon receive plenty of rain and central California is noticeably drier in winter.( )5. New England is sometimes called the birthplace of America.( )6. Washington D. C. is located in the Southern States Region.( )7. Many Southerners have a strong sense of regional loyalty and take pride inthe South’s history and tradition.( )8. The Midwestern States Region is a vast area of generally flat land that covers much of the center of the United States.( )9. Las Vegas and Reno stand out as “American dreamland”, for they primarilyfind wealth through the gambling and entertainment industries.( )10. Hawaii has the largest land area of all the states, and Alaska has one ofthe smallest land areas.1. The United States of America is the ____________ country in the world in size.A. LargestB. second-largestC. third-largestD. fourth-largest2. ____________ extend from the northern tip of Maine southwestern to Alabama.A. The Rocky MountainsB. The Appalachian HighlandsC. The Coast MountainsD. The Blue Mountains3. The climate of the United States is influenced by ____________.A. the Atlantic and Pacific OceansB. the Gulf of MexicoC. the Great LakesD. All of the above4. What is the leading commercial crop of the southA. Cotton.B. Tobacco.C. Sugar cane.D. Rice.5. What Midwestern city is the automobile capital of the worldA. Chicago.B. Detroit.C. Milwaukee.D. Cleveland.6. One of the most important lakes in the United States is _________, which isthe largest fresh water lake in the world.A. Lake SuperiorB. Lake MichiganC. Lake HuronD. Lake Ontario7. New England lies in __________ of the United States.A. the northern partB. the southern partC. the northeastern partD. the southeastern part8. The southern part of the Pacific coast in California has a ___________climate.A. subtropicalB. continental desertC. maritimeD. Mediterranean9. The smallest state in the United States is ___________.A. WashingtonB. Rhode IslandC. HawaiiD. Maryland10. In the United States, the largest city along the Pacific coast is ___________.A. Los AngelesB. San FranciscoC. SeattleD. PortlandUnit2 History（ )1. The first English colony in America was founded at Jamestown, Virginia,( )2. The early British settlers organized the east coast of North America into 17 colonies.( )3. When many thousands of Southerners saw the triumph of Abraham Lincolnin the 1860 election as not simply a political defeat but also a threat to all southern institutions and the southern way of life, they decided to secede from the Confederacy.（）4. The Progressive Movement was a well-organized, unified movement, demanding government regulation of economy and social condition.（ )5. The Stock Market collapse occurred in 1928 in the United States.( )6. The Marshall Plan refers to the military and economic aid to Greece and Turkey in the 1950s.( )7. Nixon was the second President in American history who resigned.（ )8. The black-white racial chasm in post-Civil-Rights-Movement America was highlighted by the savage beating of Martin Luther King by white police officersin 1992.1. The British established 13 colonies along _________.A. the west coast of North AmericaB. the west coast of South AmericaC. the east coast of North AmericaD. the east coast of South America2. In the early 1850s, with the westward movement, the slavery became a serious political issue endangering the unity of the country because _________.A. whether or not slavery would expand into the future states formed as a result of the westward movement would affect the balance of power in the SenateB. the South insisted that slavery should be allowed to spread into all newC. the North refused to let slavery spread into new territoriesD. the North wanted to put an end to slavery3. The Progressive Movement wanted to ________ in order to stop big businesscontrol.A. initiate strict government regulationB. have the government fix pricesC. break up all the big businessesD. do away with rebates4. The 1920s in the United States has been described as a period of ____________ .A. cultural revivalB. loss of purposeC. development in science and technologyD. material success and spiritual frustration5. The serious economic crisis in the late 1920s and 1930s was first broughtabout by _____________.A. bank failuresB. serious unemploymentC. farm foreclosuresD. the stock market crash6. The purpose of the New Deal measures was to __________.A. save American democracy and the capitalist systemB. check the worsening of the economic situationC. help people tide over the difficultyD. increase American export7. On June 5, 1947, ________ suggested that the . should offer economic aid toWestern Europe so as to protect the region from Soviet expansion.A. George MarshallB. Franklin D. RooseveltC. George KennanD. Harry Truman8. At the time of Cuban Missile Crisis, the President of the . was ____________.A. TrumanB. EisenhowerC. KennedyD. Johnson9. New Frontier and Great Society were programs initiated by _______.A. President KennedyB. President JohnsonC. Presidents Kennedy and Johnson respectivelyD. Presidents Johnson and Kennedy respectively10. The conservatism during Reagan’s administration was known as _____________.A. the New LeftB. the New RightC. the New FrontierD. the New FreedomUnit3 The American identity（）1. In the United States, the major source of population growth is the rising birth rate.（）2. In the United States, the largest minority group is the African-American group.（）3. In the United States, the fastest-growing group is the Asian-Americangroup.（）4. Native Americans have a low school dropout rate.（）5. The three major Hispanic groups are the Mexican-Americans, the PuertoRicans and the Cuban-Americans.（）6. The Puerto Ricans are American citizens.（）7. The first Asians to arrive in the United States in significant numbers were the Japanese.（）8. Today the Indians are only allowed to live on reservations.（）9. Traditionally, the mainstream Americans were called WASP.current situation of African-Americans presents_______.A. a favorable pictureB. a negative pictureC. a mixed pictureD. a positive picture2. Although discrimination has been legally abolished, ________.A. discrimination in employment still existsB. discrimination in university admission still existsC. poverty rate of the blacks is the highest among all racial and ethnic groupsD. inequality and subtle discrimination still exist3. The Cuban-Americans mainly live in ______.A. FloridaB. TexasC. LouisianaD. Alabama4. Some p eople say Asian-Americans owe their success to the Asian tradition of the following EXCEPT ________.A. familyB. hard workC. educationD. Discrimination5. Now about 80% to 90% of immigration to the UnitedStates is from _______.A. Asian and Hispanic countriesB. African countriesC. European countriesD. Central and South American countries6. The first immigrants in American history came from __________.A. England and the NetherlandsB. IrelandC. West GermanyD. East Europe7. Among the major Hispanic groups in the UnitedStates, the largest group is _______.A. the Puerto RicansB. the Mexican-AmericansC. the Cuban-AmericansD. the Central and South American immigrants8. Among the major Hispanic groups in the UnitedStates, ________ have the highest social status.A. the ChicanosB. the Cuban-AmericansC. the Puerto-RicansD. the Latin American immigrants9. The Native Americans are __________.A. the IndiansB. the whitesC. the blacksD. the HispanicsUnit4 political institutions（）1. The Constitution of the United States, after its adoption, has neverbeen revised.（）2. According to the Constitution, the federal government is responsiblefor addressing questions that affect the nation as a whole as well as individualstates.（）3. Separation of power is designed to prevent the government from beingtoo strong.（） 4. The . government is divided into four branches: the legislative, the presidency, the bureaucracy and the judiciary.（）5. The Supreme Court has the right to declare laws and actions of the federal, state, and local governments unconstitutional.（）6. Candidates for the presidency can only be chosen from political parties.（）7. The . President has great executive power but no legislative power.（）8. Congressmen serve a term of six years while Senators serve a term oftwo years.（）9. The Democrats are thought of as associated with business, Anglo-Americans, and the rich.（）10. The number of Senators from each state is based upon its population.1. The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction in ________.A. all kinds of casesB. cases involving foreign citizensC. cases involving a stateD. Both B and C2. Political parties are the basis of the American politicalsystem, _________.A. but there is no provision in the Constitution forpolitical partiesB. and the Constitution has clear provisionC. but the founding fathers had strong apprehensionof political partiesD. Both A and C3. The two major parties today have ______differences in policy concentration.A. noB. littleC. someD. Great4. The writers of the Constitution worked out the checks and balances in order to _______.A. prevent the government from misusing its powerB. prevent the government from being strongC. pacify those who opposed the ConstitutionD. meet the demands of small states5. The President of the United States is elected _____.A. indirectly by the electors B by CongressC. directly by the votersD. None of the above.6. . President can serve ________ term(s).A. only oneB. twoC. more than twoD. as many as four7. The . President’s appointments have to beapproved by ________.A. the House of RepresentativesB. the SenateC. the CabinetD. the Supreme Court8. The Supreme Court of the United States consists ofone Chief Justice and ______ Associate Justices.A. 6B. 7C. 8D. 109. The two major political parties in the United Statesare _______.A. the Democratic Party and the Labor PartyB. the Federalist Party and the Democratic PartyC. the Federalist Party and the Republican PartyD. the Democratic Party and the Republican Party10. The . Congress has the power to override thepresident’s veto by a _____ majority.A. 2/3B. 3/4C. 3/5D. 4/5Unit5 Economy（）1. Since the . economy is based on free enterprise, there is littlegovernment involvement in the economy.（）2. The United States is the world’s leading maker of industrial goods.（）3. In the 18th century, the New E ngland colonies specialized in producing tobacco from plantations.（）4. While most Americans embraced the idea of money-making and heldsuccessful businessmen in great admiration, they resented big businesses monopolizing any industry in any form.（）5. By 1956, a majority of . workers held blue-collar rather thanwhite-collar jobs.（）6. Many urban Americans, particularly Blacks and Hispanics, found the postwar prosperity inaccessible to them.（）7. The American West is now an important region for corn and wheat.（）8. While manufacturing giants such as IBM and General Electronic enjoy worldwide reputation as the pillars of the American economy, the . economy is byno means one dominated by giant corporations.（）9. As the number of workers employed in the traditional manufacturing industries has declined, union membership has dropped in recent years.1. The United States ranks ________ in the world in thetotal value of its economic production.A. firstB. secondC. thirdD. Fourth2. The following are the factors that have contributed tothe development of the . economy EXCEPT__________.A. the vast space and resources of the landB. the ideals of freedom and economic opportunityC. English as its national languageD. hard work by the people3. What is America’s most important food cropA. Corn.B. Rice.C. BarleyD. Oat.4. Service industries account for more than _________ of the . gross domestic product.A. a thirdB. halfC. two thirdsD. three fourth5. The westward expansion is a demonstration ofAmerican ________.A. IndividualismB. patriotismC. LiberalismD. Expansionism6. Hamilton believed that the United States shouldpursue economic growth through the followingEXCEPT ________.A. shippingB. manufacturingC. bankingD. slavery7. With the arrival of the 20th century, the United Statesbecame increasingly urbanized, particularly in the_________ cities.A. NortheastB. NorthwestC. SoutheastD. Southwest8. The American South is a center of the followingtraditional crops EXCEPT _________.A. tobaccoB. cornC. cottonD. wheat9. As the world’s leading maker of industrial goods, the. now produces around _________ of the world’sindustrial products.A. 20%B. 25%C. 30%D. 35%10. In the United States, the following areas tend tospecialize in high-tech and computer industriesEXCEPT ________.A. NortheastB. MidwestC. NorthwestD. SouthwestUnit6 social service（）1. In the United States, the social security system provides assistance to people with financial problems.（）2. In the United States, Medicare provides virtually free treatment forall American citizens.（）3. Social security is the nearly universal retirement program for Americans, with about 92 percent of people aged 60 and over receiving benefits.（）4. Since 1996, welfare responsibility under AFDC has been passed to thestates, which receive federal grants to run their own programs.（）5. The Social Security Administration organizes the distribution of food and food stamps through state and local governments.（）6. Since government-sponsored welfare programs are essential to the needy and the poor, they are quite adequate in confronting the poverty issue.（）7. Child Welfare League of America is the largest privately-funded childcare agency in the United States, providing shelter and service to homelessand runaway youth.（）8. In the United States, most employees and their families are normallyinsured for health care through public insurance programs.（）9. Medicaid program provides federal grants to states for the freetreatment of the elderly.（）10. In the United States, two-thirds of the housing units in theprivate sector are “single-family dwellings”.1. The American social security system includes thefollowing programs EXCEPT _________.A. OASDHIB. MedicareC. MedicaidD. Unemployment Compensation2. Americans may start receiving their pensions at the age of _________.A. 55B. 60C. 65D. 703. The main federal welfare programs in the USAconsist of the following programs EXCEPT_________.A. MedicaidB. AFDCC. Food StampsD. Medicare4. Which of the following belongs to the religious welfare organizationA. NCH.B. CWLA.C. CCHD. D. Ford Foundation.5. Among private foundations, which has becomeincreasingly prominent in private charity activityA. Rockefeller Foundation.B. Ford Foundation.C. Buffett Foundation.D. Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.6. Which of the following statement is NOT true aboutAmerican health care servicesA. A sizable number of Americans still remain uninsured.B. The . has top-quality medical facilities.C. Medicaid covers only about 40 percent of the poor nationwide.D. Compared with other developed countries, theUnited States spends less on health care.7. According to the healthcare reform proposed duringthe Obama administration, the government will requiremost Americans to have health insurance by _______.A. 2011B. 2012C. 2013D. 20148. Homes and houses give Americans the followingsense EXCEPT ________.A. possessionB. material satisfactionC. personal identificationD. freedomUnit7 the legal system（）1. The . Constitution defines the organization of a court system, includinga Supreme Court and inferior courts.（）2. In the United States, each state has one district court.（）3. District courts are the only national courts that use grand juries and petit juries.（）4. All national courts can review decisions of state courts.（）5. At the national level, government prosecution is the responsibilityof the Supreme Court.（）6. The . attorneys are appointed for life terms to the district courts.（）7. Anglo-American Common Law is based on the supposed reasonable person’s view of what is right and fair.（）8. In the United States, all cases should be tried with a jury.（）9. A unanimous decision is needed for a grand jury to make a decision.（）10. Federal crimes are mainly the responsibility of theFederal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).1. There are currently ________ district courts in the United States.A. 52B. 54C. 92D. 942. There are currently _______ courts of appeals in the United States.A. 10B. 11C. 12D. 133. __________ argues cases for the government before the Supreme Court.A. Chief Justice of Supreme CourtB. Attorney GeneralC. Solicitor GeneralD. President of the United States4. District judgeships are filled by the President with the consent of _________.A. Chief Justice of Supreme CourtB. Attorney GeneralC. the SenateD. the House of Representatives5. Generally, the trial jury consists of _______ ordinary citizens.A. 1－6B. 6－12C. 12－23D. 23－306. Generally, the grand jury consists of _______ ordinary citizens.A. 1－6B. 6－12C. 12－23D. 23－307. The Supreme Court consists of a chief justice and _______ associate justices.A. 7B. 8C. 9D. 108. In the United States, people between the ages of _______ are the most inclined age group to commit crimes.A. 11－19B. 19－24C. 24－45D. 45－549. In some urban areas in the United States, murder is the main cause of deathamong non-White males between the ages of ________.A. 11－19B. 19－24C. 24－45D. 45－5410. As a rule, the implementation of state law is carried out by the policeand detectives in the city, and by _______ in rural areas.A. SheriffsB. ConstablesC. MagistratesD. both A and BUnit8 Education（）1. Americans generally hold that everyone is entitled to education.（）2. Americans believe that education is beneficial to individuals andsociety as a whole.（）3. In the United States, public education at elementary and secondary level is free.（）4. American education system is characterized by diversity.（）5. According to the . Constitution, education is the responsibility ofthe federal government.（）6. There is little similarity in the education system of the 50 states.（）7. The state board of education is responsible for the education policyof the state.（）8. The oldest institution of higher learning in the United States is Harvard University.（）9. Junior colleges offer only . degrees.（）10. The affirmative action program aims to help ethnic and racial minorities in elementary and secondary education.1. To many Americans, education is important because _____________.A. it contributes to the success of individualsB. it contributes to the strengthening of national strengthC. it prepares the young people for future developmentD. Both A and B2. In the United States, public schools at the elementary and secondary levelare ______________.A. freeB. compulsoryC. open to allD. Both A and C3. American schools fall into two categories, namely, _______________.A. public and private schoolsB. academic and vocational schoolsC. coeducation and single sex schoolsD. national and state-run schools4. In the United States, education policies are made by ______________.A. the federal governmentB. the state board of educationC. local school districtD. board of trustees5. The governing board of school district is responsible for _______________.A. the hiring of teachers and staffB. the designing of a suitable curriculumC. the compiling and approving of budgetD. All of the above6. There is _______________ difference(s) in tuition rates between public andprivate institutions of higher learning in the .A. noB. significantC. SomeD. not much7. The community college _______________.A. offers bachelor degreesB. offers associate degreesC. offers master degreesD. Both A and B8. Elementary and secondary education in the . covers _______ years.A. 9B. 11C. 12D. 149. Admission to an educational institution in the U. S. is determined by ______________.A. the institution itselfB. the state board of educationC. the local authorityD. the federal government10. The following are the public policies and legal decisions emphasizingspecial rights for ethnic and linguistic minorities in the area of education EXCEPT _______________.A. Bilingual Education ActB. Proposition 227C. affirmative action programD. No Child Left Behind ActUnit9 Religion in American life（）1. In comparison with other Western countries, America is less religiousin terms of church attendance and financial commitment to church organizations.（）2. At the time when the United States was founded, it was the Catholicbranch of the Christian faith that had the strongest influence on the developmentof the religious climate in the United States.（）3. The Pilgrims tried to create a community in which life would be guided by God’s will and deviations from His will in any shape or form would never betolerated.（）4. America became “the Kingdom of God” by the end of the 17th century.（）5. In the 19th century, Americans stopped talking about the importanceof religious values for their national identity.（）6. According to the . Constitution, church and state are separate in their role and function.（）7. Historically, church and state in the United States has never interactedto each other.（）8. A growing trend in American religious life is that religion has become increasingly secularized.（）9. In the United States, mainstream Protestant denominations have lostground to Catholic denominations.（）10. Post-war Evangelism has attempted to use its influence to restore some sense of community in a society.1. The Catholic faith was first brought to the North American continent by______________.A. the PortugueseB. the EnglishC. the FrenchD. the Spanish2. The great waves of Jewish immigration started in ______________ and made the United States a major center of Judaism.A. 1836B. 1863C. 1936D. 19633. By the end of the 17th century, ______________ had already begun to lose its energies.A. ProtestantismB. CatholicismC. PuritanismD.Judaism4. The First Great Awakening of ______________ provided the opportunity for afresh reaffirmation of God’s role in directing the fortunes of His chosen people.A. the 17th centuryB. the 18th centuryC. the 19th centuryD. the 20th century5. The Second Great Awakening of ______________ exerted a profound impact both on the scale of church membership and on the range of American sectarianism.A. the 17th centuryB. the 18th centuryC. the 19th centuryD. the 20th century6. The _______________ Amendment of Constitution states that “Congress shall make no law respecting the establishment of religion, or prohibiting the freeexercise thereof.”A. FirstB. SecondC. TenthD. Twentieth7. Which of the following minority religions is deemed by the mainstream religion to advocate or practice kinds of beliefs against the public interestA. Islam.B. Hinduism.C. Mormonism.D. Zenism.8. The following mainstream Protestant denominations have recently witnessedsignificant loss of members EXCEPT ________________.A. MethodistsB. EpiscopaliansC. PresbyteriansD. Evangelistsv9. Post-war Evangelicalism has made e ffective use of __________ to reach massive audiences.A. telephoneB. musicC. televisionD. Movies10. Which of the following contemporary religious groups is relying upon bigrallies to draw Christian men togetherA. “Saved” Christians.B. Fundamentalists.C. Promise Keepers.D. Seventh-Day Adventists.Unit10 Private life in American（）1. Most Americans have an ambition to own their own house on a little piece of property, but it’s difficult for them to have that ambition materialized.（０2. After the arrival of the so-called post-industrial society, Americans started to move to the city.（）3. Most Americans live in mobile homes which function as prefabricatedhousing units in stationary settings.（）4. Many poor American families expect their children to find part-timejobs, especially as they enter their teens.（）5. Parties for children and for grown-ups are constantly occupying theleisure hours of Americans.（）6. In the United States, high-brow arts get most of the financial backing from the government.（）7. In the United States, popular culture outshines classical culture inaudience size and in public influence.（）8. Today’s preeminent spectator game in America is baseball.（）9. American football was derived from the British game of soccer.（）10. Baseball is adapted by the Americans from the English cricket to their own tastes.1. For most Americans, one of the first activities at home i s to _______________.A. watch TVB. do repair workC. surf on the InternetD. drink coffee2. The following are “chores” assigned to the children in American familiesEXCEPT ________________.A. washing and waxing floorsB. mowing the lawnC. keeping the car(s) cleanD. Babysitting3. The following are part-time jobs expected to be done by American childrenEXCEPT _________.A. mowing lawnsB. delivering newspapersC. taxi drivingD. Babysitting4. The following are the leisure activities outside the home f or American adults EXCEPT ___________. A. playing bowling B. playing soccerC. attending public service activitiesD. attending church-related activities5. The following are the leisure activities outside the home for Americanchildren EXCEPT ________.A. taking lessonsB. traveling overseasC. horseback ridingD.Swimming6. One out of every ______ Americans donates some part of their time as volunteers.A. 3B. 4C. 5D. 67. The following belong to high-brow culture EXCEPT ___________.A. classical musicB. BalletC. operaD. Movies8. The following remain high on the domestic vocational destination list in the minds of most Americans EXCEPT ________________.A. Walt Disney WorldB. New YorkC. the Yellowstone National ParkD. the Grand Canyon9. The following are the “four major sports” in the United States EXCEPT_______________.A. basketballB. footballC. baseballD. Volleyball10. The Super Bowl is a game for _______________.A. basketballB. footballC. baseballD. volleyball。
2023-2024学年河南省濮阳市第一高级中学高一上学期第一次质量检测英语试题
2023-2024学年河南省濮阳市第一高级中学高一上学期第一次质量检测英语试题At Summer at Emerson, we believe each child is unique. Our staff (全体职工) are committed to (致力于) challenging our campers to discover and improve individual talents and creative abilities.About Summer at EmersonSummer at Emerson is open to all students, regardless of which school they attend. We offer several individual (独立的) weeks of half-day camps and full-day camps to children who have completed or will end grades K-8 during the 2022-2023 school year. Note: A child who is enrolling (注册) in Kindergarten in the 2023-2024 school year is not yet qualified (能胜任) to attend Summer at EmersonFacilities & StaffEmerson School is equipped with (配备有) technology labs, Performing Arts Theater, and gymnasium (体育馆) as well as the outdoor sports fields, and nature areas will be fully used throughout the summer staff of caring and experienced instructors. All camps are designed and run by a professional and counselors (顾问). Summer at Emerson is fully permitted (允许；准许) by the State of Michigan as a child care provider, and the majority of our staff members are CPR and First Aid certified (获得资格的).Camp DatesMorning Camp:9:00a.m.－12:00p.m Afternoon Camp:1:00p.m.－ 4:00p.m.Camp FeesHalf-Day Camps: $165-$230 Full-Day Camps: $300-$345Contact UsIfyouhaveanyquestions,pleaseemail,call,ortext:*********************************** 5108. We look forward to providing a safe and engaging (令人愉快的) summer experience for your child.1. Who is qualified to attend Summer at Emerson?A．Children to start grades K-8 in the 2022-2023 school year.B．Children to register for Kindergarten in the 2023-2024 school year.C．Children having completed grades K-7 in the 2023-2024 school year.D．Children having finished grades K-8 during the 2022-2023 school year.2. When does the Week 4 Camp take place?A．March 27-31. B．June 19-23. C．July 17-21. D．August 7-11.3. Who is the text intended for?A．Students. B．Parents. C．Teachers. D．Coaches.Teachers have the power to build, and to plant hope in young minds. I can prove the life- changing gift of quality (质量) teaching because I received just that in an American history class during my junior year of high school.Mrs. Bailey, who taught the class, from the beginning assured (向……保证) all of us that we could take the A.P. test, pass it, and get college credit (大学学分). College credit as a high credit seemed impossible, and when I was worried that I didn’t have mon ey to pay for (支付) the test, Mrs. Bailey helped locate (确定……的准确地点) the funding.She held study lessons during lunch and after school, where we explored the glorious (光辉的) history of this country. The day I found out my result on the test felt like a changing point in my life.I had done well enough to receive college credit. Mrs. Bailey told me: “You can be whatever you want.”Suddenly, my hazy (朦胧的) future was a little clearer and that class was the reason why I majored in history later.Mrs. Bailey did more than tell us we could do it. She was not just encouragement and sunshine.She encouraged us to have opinions and defend (捍卫) them. She was part of a group of teachers known for their sincere (真诚的) attempts to get us to engage with the material and ourselves.Influenced by Mrs. Bailey, I taught high school for a few years, and now I’m a college professor (教授). The students who enter my classroom come from every walk of life. It is my job and the work of every teacher to form this group of individuals into a community (社区，社会) of exploration. I do not measure my success by the number of students who adopt (采纳) all my opinions. And I think the work of educators is to help this generation open up (开辟) new and better paths, some beyond our imagination (超出某人的想象).4. What’s the writer’s problem before taking the A. P. test?A．He couldn’t afford the exam.B．He was poor in history class.C．His college credits were not enough. D．His family didn’t want him to entercollege.5. Why did the author major in history later?A．His favourite subject was history. B．His friends encouraged him to choose it.C．He got high marks in the exam. D．He was influenced by his history teacher.6. What does the author think educators should do?B．Let students adopt their opinions.A．Help students broaden (开阔) theirminds.C．Teach students to make learning plans. D．Attract more students to school.7. What message does the author seem to convey in the text?A．To miss his high school life. B．To encourage us to study hard.C．To express gratitude to Mrs. Bailey. D．To introduce his views on educators.A week ago, my family stayed several nights on the Oregon Coast. It was the day before we were to leave and drive home, and I was reading on the sofa. As I was finishing a paragraph, I smelled smoke. It wasn’t very strong, but it felt out of place, so I looked around.Outside our kitchen window, I could see smoke blowing by in the swift coastal wind. I ran to the front door. Standing there, I saw that the tall grass in the front yard was burning. I warned my family and hurriedly, we dashed off and sought safety.Neighbours gathered around. Although some of them were also vacationing, they quickly sprang into action by aiming water at the base of the flames. It was only a few minutes before the local fire department arrived. Soon the fire was put out and the fire department left. Thankfully, the fire left the house untouched.It was amazing to see how a community of complete strangers came together to make sure everyone was okay. Although no one was one hundred percent sure what caused the fire, it was believed that it was caused by a friend of someone living in the house next to the one we were staying in at the time. Apparently, he had flicked (轻弹) cigarette ash into the bush earlier that same day. We were really lucky to come away without harm to the house or to ourselves.This week, the smoke from forest fires in the Pacific Northwest has been thick. Many of these fires were caused by lightning, but the principle I’m reminded of is th e same. Warm summer weather brings greater levels of fire danger. Please use fire carefully.8. What did the author realize after observing at the front door?A．He should go to the front yard. B．Someone had set fire to the house.C．He should turn to his family for help. D．Their house was at risk of catching fire. 9. How did the neighbours respond when realizing the situation?A．They all ran away for safety. B．They instantly looked into the cause.C．They immediately took action to help. D．They made sure their houses were safe. 10. What probably caused the incident?A．Lightning. B．A forest fire.C．Cigarette smoking. D．The neighbour’s carelessness.11. What can be concluded from the text?A．We should help to prevent forest fires.B．We should be careful when travelling.C．We should learn how to avoid lightning.D．We should be cautious about using fire.“Don’t forget to study for the Chinese history test on Friday,” Mrs. Green said to the class. Julie shut her book and whispered to herself, Why couldn’t the test be on poetry? Julie loved poetry and its rhythmic (有节奏的) expression of feelings and ideas. She was also a perfect monitor (班长) and could organize all kinds of activities, but her history was subpar.The following day, she went to the library and tried to remember all the facts and dates. But it was useless. Just then Julie looked up and found Maria from her class was seated at a nearby table.Julie joined Maria, who was sitting with some cards and some colored pencils. Each card showed a colorful picture. Julie was curious, “I thought you were studying history.” “You’re right. I think I need to be creative because it’s difficult to remember so many things. I like art, and the pictures help me recall facts,” Maria said.“I see,” said Julie, with in terest. After thinking for a while, an idea came to her mind. She had rich experience in organizing big events, starting from making small plans step by step. How did she connect all of them at last? Mind maps!“Hey, Maria,” said Julie. “How about this: I divide these history events into different types and use a mind map to connect each type together. And you draw the pictures for these types as their explanation.” “That’s cool! Let’s start right now!” Maria agreed excitedly.“Sure,” said Julie. At that time, studying didn’t seem so impossible. And what you need to do is find what you are good at and make full use of it.12. What does the underlined word “subpar” in paragraph 1 mean?A．Inspiring B．Poor C．Challenging D．Skilful.13. What can be inferred about Julie and Maria?A．They often work together. B．They like drawing colorful pictures.C．They dislike historical knowledge. D．They have talents (天赋) for problem-solving.14. What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about the two girls?A．How they cooperated (合作) with each other.B．How they explained historical events.C．How they learned to use a mind map.D．How they classified (分类) historical events.15. What lesson can be learned from the story?A．Two heads are better than one. B．It’s never too late to start learning.C．Histories make men wise. D．Your strength can make studying easier.Everyone wants to be successful. For a student, being successful means achieving his goals and scoring good marks. Successful students manage their studies and recreation (娱乐) time effectively.16 .Set SMART goals. In students’ life, the very first benefit of setting a goal is achieving success in their academic life. 17 . Developing a SMART goal is essential (极其重要的) for your bright future. Such a goal stands for Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Timely. This helps them achieve what they want in life and work according to their goals.18 . This not only shows respect towards them but also helps you understand and grasp the subject easily. While it’s obvious that you don’t need to love every single subject, it’s also important to avoid all distractions (干扰) near you and pay attention in class rather than chatting with your friends.Don’t compare with others. Never do the comparison with others, because eve ryone has their abilities and capabilities. Good students succeed in their capabilities. Don’t copy what others do, but follow your own way. Comparison will make you feel discouraged. 19 , because at last, all that matters is your success.Learn from your mistakes. 20 . A successful student learns from his own mistakes and tries to improve further. You can’t learn from your mistakes until you admit that you have done it. It is the best thing when you get to know what wrong you have done and how to resolve (解决) this.There are some books that I will never take off my daughter’s bookshelf. Most of those boo ksare_________, books.Picture books create concrete (具体的) images in readers’ minds. They come alive when they’re being_________. My daughter, 8 years old, is a_________reader. She can sit down with almost any book and read it all by herself for hours._________, I still read to her. When it’s bedtime, she asks me to_________her a picture book, which gives us lots of joy.Picture books are the campfire (篝火) story of the reading world. Picture books are so_________that they are able to bring people together easily. They’re_________enough to be compelling (引人入胜的) or short enough to hold your interest. They’re better than other books when it comes tothe_________of language. They can tell complete stories in thirty-two pages or less. Reading a thirty-two-page book is not a(n)_________for a girl who can read a 500-page book on her own. However, reading isn’t always about challenging oneself. Sometimes reading is about sharinga__________with a loved one.Some picture books aren’t fit for my daughter as she__________. But the ones that really draw her in and need to be read aloud will always be__________for her. So this is why I’ll never stop reading picture books with my__________. We’re reading together because it__________us pleasure. That’s why I’ll always keep picture books on her__________.21.A．picture B．science C．Chinese D．exercise22.A．controlled B．searched C．shared D．packed23.A．unique B．crazy C．fast D．caring24.A．Hopefully B．Unluckily C．Besides D．However25.A．write B．post C．buy D．read26.A．attractive B．formal C．annoying D．frightening27.A．extreme B．long C．narrow D．old28.A．title B．source C．economy D．translation29.A．chance B．difference C．adventure D．challenge30.A．toy B．story C．seat D．taxi31.A．grows B．sees C．hears D．rents32.A．difficult B．confusing C．outdated D．suitable33.A．parent B．friend C．daughter D．student34.A．gives B．lends C．mails D．pays35.A．bed B．bookshelf C．desk D．floor36. I’m looking forward to________(meet) a visiting group of teachers and students from England. (所给词的适当形式填空)37. All students will be considered in spite of age, sex, background or _____________ (national). (所给词的适当形式填空)38. When we miss a night’s sleep, we find ________harder the next day to concentrate on learning new information. (用适当的词填空)39. Group activities will ________ (organise) after class to help children develop team spirit. （所给词的适当形式填空）40. Whenever the young animal is frightened or________ (annoy), it always rushes to its mother. (所给词的适当形式填空)41. ________(actual), I started to learn kung fu when I was seven years old, but I have long been out of practice. (所给词的适当形式填空)42. He is responsible________your safety. (用适当的词填空)43. My mother also encouraged me________ (make) what I wanted. (所给词的适当形式填空)44. Take ________ look at the schedule, and make sure you’re clear about everything. (用适当的词填空)45. It is important to take careful________ (note) during class. (所给词的适当形式填空)写出下列句子分别属于哪种基本句子结构46. We must keep our classroom clean.47. All of them were amazed.48. You’d bett er buy your friends some small gifts.49. She was reading when her mother came in.50. Tim refused to help them.51. Compared with adults, children are more eager (渴现的) to ________(探索世界) around them. (根据汉语提示完成句子)52. I’m________ (期盼着) your early reply. (根据汉语提示完成句子)53. He________ (对……好奇) everything when he was young. (根据汉语提示完成句子)54. What________ (学习策略) do you want to share with us? (根据汉语提示完成句子)55. He________ (自愿做……) teach in the poor school last year. (根据汉语提示完成句子)56. Stress (压力) used to be an almost unknown word, but now we ________(习惯于) talking about it. (根据汉语提示完成句子)57. Mr. Li booked the ticket ________ (提前). (根据汉语提示完成句子)58. When he was young, he________ (表现不好) in school. (根据汉语提示完成句子)59. This question is________ (无可争论). (根据汉语提示完成句子)60. In this unit w e’ll learn about________ (青少年生活). (根据汉语提示完成句子)61. 请根据下面的提示写一篇题为“My New English Teacher”的短文。
英美国家概况Colonial Period
2. British Settlement;
1607, Jamestown—the first British colony; 1620, Plymouth—the 2nd one (most successful
Colonial Period (before 1775)
I. Discovery of the new world II. Settlement in the new world III. Colonization of the new world
I. Discovery of the New World
chosen from the proprietary; 3)Charter colonies (2): with governors elected
according to self-governing charters.
2. Colonial Economy: 1)The Northern colonies: fishing, ship-building; 2)Middle colonies: farming; 3)Southern colonies: plantations with slaves.
Lecture Three
American History (1)
American History
Colonial Period (before 1775) Independence War (1775--1783) Transitional Period (1783--1861) Civil War (1861-1865) Modern Period (1866--1900) Present-day Period (1900--now)
英语国家概况Chapter15
James Madison, fourth president of the United States, is often regarded as the "Father of the Constitution." (The American History）
Ⅵ.Territorial Expansion and Westward Movement （开拓疆土和西进运动）
Chapter 15 American History (I) (1600-1900)
I. II. III. IV. V. VI.
Discovery of the New World The Colonial Period The War of Independence A New Form of Government The War of 1812 Territorial Expansion and Westward Movement VII. The Civil War VIII. Rapid Growth of Capitalism after the Civil War
contents
I. Discovery of the New World
Think about the following questions. 1. Who are the original American people? 2. Do you know where the name “America” came from?
3. Struggle during ratification ①Between: a. Federalists –Federalist Paper b. Anti-federalists, concerned the absence of Bill of Rights in the Constitution. ②Final: Bill of Rights.
六年级英语历史人物单选题30题
六年级英语历史人物单选题30题1**题干**：Abraham Lincoln is one of the most famous presidents in American history. He was born in a poor family. Lincoln is known for his honesty and wisdom. He led the United States during a very difficult time, the Civil War. Lincoln was a tall man with a kind face. His speeches were powerful and inspiring. He worked hard to end slavery and unite the country._1_ Lincoln is remembered as a great leader. His life and achievements have had a profound impact on the United States and the world.**问题**：1. _1_A. SoB. ButC. AndD. Or**答案**：C。
“And”在这里表示顺承关系，说明林肯被铭记为一位伟大的领袖，与前文对他的描述相呼应。
“So”表示因果关系，这里前文并没有直接的原因导致他被铭记为伟大领袖；“But”表示转折关系，不符合语境；“Or”表示选择关系，也不恰当。
这道题主要考查连词的用法。
2**题干**：Thomas Edison was one of the greatest inventors in history. He _6_ born in 1847. When he was a child, he was very curious about everything. He _7_ always asking questions and trying to find answers. As he grew older, he _8_ more and more interested in science. He spent a lot of time in his laboratory, working on inventions. He _9_ many important inventions, such as the light bulb. His inventions _10_ changed the world.**问题6**：A. isB. wasC. areD. were答案：B。
英语国家概况精讲Part three(美国America)
英语国家概况精讲：第十四章美国人口种族英语国家概况美国部分精讲系列chapter 14：Population. Race and Ethnic groups必背细节1.The United States of the American is the third most populous county in the world after China and India.美国是世界人口第三大国，仅次于中国和印度。
2。
Immigration accounts for a major source of population growth, The United States has a more or less open-door policy to immigrants from independence until 1960s.Ellis Island of New York was an important immigration reception spot in the 1890s and at the turn of the century.19世纪末20世纪初，纽约的埃利斯岛是一个重要的移民入境接待点。
3。
Almost 20 million people or 7.8% of the total population were immigrants in 1992.Between 80% and 90% of immigration to the United States now is from Asian and Hispanic countries.如今美国移民的80%到90%主要来源于亚洲和拉美国家。
4。
Arizona, Nevada, and Florida have been the fastest growing states in population for the last 20 years.在过去的二十年里，亚利桑那，内华达和佛罗里达是人口增长最快的州。
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Test 11. What Indian helped the Plymouth Colony (普利茅斯殖民地)survive? What was his history?Squanto. He told then how to grow corn and other crops. He was a slave in England. Then he escaped and returned to America, joined another group.2. Who was the famous courtier(大臣) of Queen Elizabeth I who helped found Roanoke Colony（罗阿诺克殖民地）and was later executed to satisfy the King of Spain?Sir Walter Raleigh（沃尔特·罗利爵士）3. What lady was a religious dissenter in Massachusetts, claimed direct revelations from God, was eventually forced to flee to Rhode Island, and later died with children on Long Island? Ann Hutchinson4. Who was the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and what sermon is he famous for?John Winthrop. “We will be …as a city set on a hill‟ and the whole world will see what we build.”5. Whose tough discipline saved the Jamestown Colony for a while and who he claimed saved him from death at the hands of angry Indians.John Smith. Princess Pocahontas6. What English philanthropist founded a prison colony among the British colonies?James Oglethorpe7. He was brother to King Charles II, he received lots of land between Maryland and Connecticut and gave it away, what was his title and what land did he give away?James, Duke of York, later King James II, New York Later New Jersey8. Who was the first governor of the Plymouth Colony and what book did he write?William Bradford. “Of Plymouth Plantation”9. What mercenary, traveler, and teller of tall tails got his version of discovering the New World into print and on to maps before Columbus?Amerigo Vespucci10. From whom did North and South Carolina get their names?King Charles II11. What French explorer established the first European trading Post at the mouth of the Arkansas River in 1686?Christopher Columbus12. For whom was Virginia named, and by who?Elizabeth I. Virgin Queen. Named by Hamphry Gillbert13. For whom was Maryland named and why?Henrietta Maria (Charles‟s queen.) She was a Catholic. The king awarded Calvert a charter for a Catholic haven; Calvert named it before he died.14. For whom was the colony of Georgia named?King Georgia II of England15. Who was the Indian Chief who almost killed the leader of the Jamestown Colony and what tribe was he chief of?Chief Powhatan; Pamunkey Tribe.16. Of all the diseases the Europeans brought to the New World, what was the disease they discovered here and took back to Europe, with devastating effect?Syphilis17. This explorer eventually had a river and a bay named for him, and even though he was English he explored for the Dutch, who was he?Henry Hudson18. With the native population dead of disease, for a work force the Spanish had to turn to what?Import African slaves or African natives19. Which Spanish explorer was the first European to visit Arkansas?Hernando De Soto20. What was the main reason why Columbus had such difficulty in gaining financing?The distance from Spain to china was too far to sail. No food and water.21. Europeans developed their craving for spices as a direct result of their involvement in this great historical event?Crusades22. Which European nation established the best relationship with the Indian peoples they found in the New World?French23. Many explorers of the New World came for the three "Gs", what are they?God Glory Gold24. Who was the man who founded the Maryland Colony as a religious haven?Cecilius Calvert25. What was the first document to be signed to form an American colonial government? The Mayflower Compact26. Who first advised the Separation of Church and State?Roger Williams27. To augment their work force, the British colonies at first relied upon what type of labor? Indentured servant28. The Pennsylvania Dutch was not Dutch but what nationality?German29. What was the nationality of the immigrants who first settled in western Pennsylvania, often squatting on others' land, then moved into the Appalachian Mountain valleys on the frontier because they hated government interference & crowds, & distilled America's first whisky?Scotch-Irish30. What French explorer was the first to traverse the near entire length of the Mississippi river and discover that it emptied into the Gulf of Mexico?Cavelier De La Salle31. He was the only future American president to serve with the British in the French and Indian War?George Washington32. What nation lost its New World possessions as a result of the French and Indian War? France33. Where did American colonial settlement of the westward interior generally end? Appalachian Mountain34. The Great Awakening changed the course of American religion by moving it more in the direction of what popular frontier theology?“Free Will”35. What religion predominated in the Southern colonies during the colonial period? Anglican36. The popular assemblies of the American colonies' early government were patterned generally after what institution of England's government?Parliament37. The Great Awakening, the spiritual revival of the mid-1700s, began in the small New England Congregational Church of what minister?Jonathan Edwards38. The Great Awakening was sustained and spread by the outstanding preaching of what young Methodist preacher from England?George Whitefield39. Log Cabin College, founded by the Great Awakening revivalist William Tennant, later became what University?Princeton University40. Who founded Rhode Island as a religious haven for dissenters from Puritanism?Roger Williams41. As a result of their victory in the French and Indian War the British received what territory?Canada, all the land east of the Mississippi and from Spain to Florida42. Describe the general characteristics of colonial development/expansion within the New England (Puritan) Colonies. What policies did these colonies have for the establishment of new settlements? What practices did they follow that helped make them successful? Strictly controlled; before expansion could occur; strict requirements had to met; each settlement must have religious leadership & education.43. Describe the general characteristics of colonial development/expansion within the Southern British Colonies. What policies did these colonies have for establishment of new settlements?No effort at planning or growth; chaotic expansion; communities were to decide if they‟d have schools, churches, etc.44. What colonial nation was the first to import slaves?Spain45. What colonial nation exploited its land for furs?France46. What colonial nation exploited its land for gold?Spain.47. In 1682, La Salle established a small trading post, Ft. Prudhomme, on the shores of the Mississippi River, and this small fort grew into what modern city?England48. Virtually all of this colonial nation's colonists were men who married natives.French49. What killed more Native Americans, European diseases or all the wars and enforced slavery which resulted from the European discovery of the New World?European diseases50. Did the bland European diet have any thing to do with the discovery of the New World? Yes. They were looking for spices51. Did Europeans have any success in transplanting feudalism to the New World?No.52. What was the purpose of the British mercantile system?The British wanted American to send food and materials, so they could expand their economy.53. What was the basis for suffrage in the Massachusetts Bay Colony? Congregationalist. Members of it.54. What is the theological concept of Arminianism more popularly known as?Free will55. The first black slaves brought to the English colonies, were brought first to what Colony? Virginia56. Under French and Spanish rules of slavery, what was the legal status of children born of the union free master and slave mother?They were considered free. Master marry slave57. Although Native North Americans rejected white values and customs, what was their attitude towards the products of European manufacturing?They like them and wanted them58. Which of the 13 American colonies had the best record of good relations with its Indian population?Pennsylvania Colony59. How were the black slaves brought to the English colonies most commonly classified as regarded the length of their time in bondage?,They worked as indenture servants.60. Under English rules of slavery, how were children born to a slave woman classified? Children are slave to the 64th of the 7th generation.61. What colony did John Mason have a hand in founding?New Hampshire.62. What colony was “the City on a Hill” colony?Massachusetts Bay Colony63. What English legislation endeavored to stop British colonies from trading with the Dutch and French by forcing them to use only English ships?Navigation Acts64. Who founded Connecticut and what does its name mean?Puritans from Massachusetts and the name means “long river place.”65. What is the oldest city in the United States, who founded it and when?St. Augustine & FL; Spanish.66. The American Colonies were critical to the British Mercantile System because they provided what TWO things?1. Raw materials;2. A market for the manufactured goods.67. England’s first and most successful colony in Virginia, when was it founded and whom did it honor?1607 James II68. Which colony was originally founded as a refuge for Catholics?Maryland.69. What was the first major city of the Carolinas and what religious group chose it as its first settlement in the New World?Charles Town. Jews.70. Fernando Gorges tried unsuccessfully to colonize what rugged costal area?Maine71. For who was Delaware named, and what relationship did this colony have with Pennsylvania?For Baron Del La Warr and it shared a governor with Penn72. What colony was named for an island in the English Chanel off of France, and who did the naming?New Jersey. Carteret.73. When, where and why did the infamous witch trials occur?Feb, 1692. Salem village of Massachusetts. Girls having convulsion claimed to bewitched,74. What colony’s name has “woods” in it, and whose woods were they?Pennsylvania. Penn‟s woods75. What is the proper name for the Quakers?“The society of Friends”76. What animal did the Spanish bring to the New World and how did it change the life of the native Indians?Horse. Indians tamed them and quickly adapted to them from agrarian to hunt buffalo. It also made them fierce raiders preying on their neighboring farming tribes.77. What important food, discovered in the New World, now has international fame because of McDonalds?Potato78. What is the French term for their fur trappers and what does it mean?Coureur de bois, it means “runner in the woods”79. Which colony began when dissenters fled from Massachusetts and soon attracted other dissenters?Rhode Island. A royal colony.80. What did the Spanish call their explorers and what does the word tell us about their attitude towards the New World lands and peoples?Conquistador. Conquerors!81. What colony was the “Quaker” colony and how did they treat those of other religions? Pennsylvania. Openness, highly toleration.82. Which colony was originally Dutch and who took over and renamed it?New York. Charles II of England.83. What is the oldest college in our nation, who founded it and for whom was it named and why?Harvard Seminar. Ministers founded it and for John Harvard. He gave the University a library.84. Properly, what should the New World have been named?Columbia85. What did the Aztecs use to brew their favorite drink and with what New World disease was it associated with?Chocolate; Syphilis.86. What was the name of the movement which opposed the end of having a state church? Anti disestablishment arianism87. What New World food still feeds more animals than humans around the world?Corn88. What New World food did Thomas Jefferson have a hand in popularizing even though the British thought it was poisonous and the French thought was an aphrodisiac?Tomato89. What is the proper term for those people we popularly refer to as “Puritans.”“Pure” Christian. Separatists90. What despised weed saved the Jamestown Colony from bankruptcy?Tobacco91. Know four inventions or discoveries for which Benjamin Franklin is famous.Franklin stove; Bifocals; American Philosophical Society; Lighting Rods for building; 1st Lending Library; 1st Volunteer Fire Department/ Proved existence of Gulf Stream.92. What was a New World animal species which the explorers brought back to Europe with them and it became a great success, even though misnamed as to its origin?Turkey93. What were some of the important New World food discoveries and what were some Old World food standards?Corn, potato.94. Know the names of the 13 Original English Colonies.Massachusetts; Rhode Island; Connecticut; New Jersey; Delaware; Maryland; New Hampshire; New York; Pennsylvania; Virginia; North Carolina; South Carolina; Georgia95. Colonial America was involved in two triangular systems of trade, what were they? Be able to match the major products transported on each of the "legs" of the triangle. Products you should know: manufactured goods sugar slaves navel stores furs rice cod tobacco rum Molasses goldThe Golden Triangle& the alternative96. What were the products carried on each of the three legs of the “Golden Triangle.”Rum slaves & molasses Gold coins slaves97. Under English rules of slavery, how many generations had to occur before a child of a union between a master and a slave woman would be born free?798. How did some Europeans view the “New World” in relation to the wealth of China and the Spice Islands?Dutch-new world was instruction & just wanted to get around it99. What ancient Greek goddess was portrayed inside the old senate chamber riding the chariot of time and recording their proceedings?Clio, Muse of History100. Christopher Columbus landed in the “New World” on October, 12, of what year.1492101. What significant name did Columbus give to the small cay he discovered that October Day.Samana Cay102. What Two Italian cities for many years monopolized the eastern spice trade coming into Europe?Venice& Genoa103. In the year Columbus sailed west looking for spices, what spice in Spain was worth its weight in gold?Pepper104. What is the only true spice found in the New World?All spice105. The pope initially divided the “New World” between Spain and what competing nation? Portugal106. When the sailors on Columbus’ flag ship mutinied and demanded to return home, how many days did Columbus ask for before he would agree to turn around?3107. Some explorers came to the “New World” looking for a way around it, what was this hoped for short-cut around the new continent generally called?Northwest passage108. What was the name first English child to be born in the “New World?”Virginia Dare109. The first British colony in the “New World,” also known as the “Lost Colony,” was founded upon what Island?Rhode Island110. Virginia was named for what English monarch famous for being the “Virgin Queen?”Queen Elizabeth I111. When John White returned to find his colony “lost,” after much searching he found carved on a tree what one word?Croatoan112. The border between Maryland and Pennsylvania was surveyed by what two men? Charles Mason & Jeremiah Dixon113. The religious group called “Separatists” because they wanted to separate from the Anglican Church, but why were they more popularly called “Puritans?”Because they wanted to purge the Anglican Church of Catholic influence & make it “pure”114. While called “Separatists” and “Puritans” by others, these worshipers called themselves by what name?Congregationalists115. Pilgrim colonists sailed from Plymouth, England, in September, 1620, on what ship? Mayflower116. In the fall of 1621, the Pilgrims of Plymouth invited their Indian neighbors to join them for what celebration?Thanksgiving117. What famous piece of advice did Priscilla Mullins finally give John Alden who was bringing her messages of love from his friend Miles Standish?Told John to speak for yourself & John said “I love you”. She married John.118. The Dutch made a remarkable land deal in 1626, when they bought Manhattan Island from the local Indians for beads and trinkets worth about how many dollars?$24.00119. Peter Stuyvesant was the governor of what colony?New Amsterdam which later became New York120. Boo, Spook, Stoop, Snoop, Boss, Kooky, and Crib are all words that the English language has taken from this language?Dutch121. The English colonist used the nickname Knickerbockers for their quaint neighbors who were?Dutch122. The nickname Knickerbockers referred to what article of ethnic clothing?Short pants123. What two Presidential names are of Dutch origin?Van Buren & Roosevelt124. What current holiday figure was adapted from the Dutch tradition?Dutch sinter Klaus = Santa Claus125. What are two famous street names did New York City get from its Dutch past?Wall street & Broadway126. The use of Log Cabins as the basic housing unit on the American frontier was a legacy brought by what immigrants?Swedish127. Ft. Christina, later Wilmington, Delaware, was a colony first established by what Europeans?Swedish128. George Fox, an English religious eccentric and dissident, was the founder of what religious sect?Quackers129. The first Baptists to come to the American colonies came to what colony?Rhode Island130. The territory south of Virginia was, before it was called North Carolina, known as what? Albemarle131. Sir Anthony Ashley-Cooper was one of the major leaders in the creation of what colony? South Carolina132. What later famous European political philosopher authored the “Fundamental Constitutions of the Carolinas,” as those colony’s governmental structure.John Locke133. James Oglethorpe was a wealthy British philanthropist who was instrumental in the founding of what colony?Georgia134. What religious visionary came as a missionary to work with the first colonists of Georgia?John Wesley135. One of the crops which grew well in Georgia was Indigo which is processed to produce what?Blue dye136. Between the Piedmont and the Tidewater areas of the southern colonial east coast ran an important line along which many cities would develop, it was called the what?Fall Line-waterfalls137. What is the meaning of the term Piedmont?Foothills138. The colonial program which provided 40 acres of free land to any man who would come to a colony was known as what?Head right139. Goober, yam, banana, tote, and banjo were words brought to the English colonies by what people?Slaves140. African slaves managed to bring Gumbo seeds with them to the English colonies where this plant was re-named what?Okra141. African slave introduced what cooking technique to the English colonies?Deep frying technique142. What black music innovation began in New Orleans and was built upon individual interpretation and instrumental skill?Jazz143. What black music innovation began as slaves created songs to interpret Christian themes from their own viewpoint?Spiritual144. Which black music innovation began in Memphis and vividly expressed feeling despair and hopelessness?Blues145. What Christian teaching did the slaves re-interpret as “Freedom?”Salvation146. Who was the slaves’ favorite biblical hero?Moses147. What former slave became famous as a teller of folk tales involving Brer’ Rabbit and Brer’ Bear?Uncle Remus148. What Christian teaching did the slaves re-interpret as “Deliverance?”Grace149. Normally, southern plantations were oriented towards what important physical feature? Mississippi River150. Once the farmable land of New England was occupied, many of their young men had to look elsewhere for a livelihood, and those who did not train for a profession usually turned to what two other lines of work?Cod fishing on the Grand Bands & whaling around the world151. What were the TWO major products derived from hunting whales?Whale oil for lamp & “whalebone” or “baleen”-used for corsets152. What was one of the most important innovations the New England colonies required their cities and villages to provide for their citizens?Free public elementary education153. Why did the leaders of New England insist so strongly that their children had to learn to read?So they might rightly divide the word of God154. Young New England females, after receiving a basic education, were sent to a finishing school to learn what skills?Social graces, how to maintain a home in good order & sew.155. Which was the only one of the early colonial Universities to begin as a secular academy and not as a church seminary?Philadelphia Academy later known as University of Pennsylvania156. What was the first college to be founded in the south?Law School157. English colonists used the heavy Spanish gold doubloons for exchange, but to make them more spend able they cut them unto how many pieces?8158. By the 1660s, in the New England colonies, the number of voters participating in civil elections had declined significantly for what underlying cause?Too busy-hunting whales159. The 1662 “Halfway Covenant” passed in most New England colonies allowed what? Adults who were sprinkled as children to become a member of the congregation & to have their children sprinkled160. The Scotch-Irish immigrants, who moved into western Pennsylvania, Virginia, and then on into Kentucky and Tennessee, made corn a cash crop by converting it into what more potable commodity?Whisky161. Who was the man credited with launching the “Enlightenment” with his scientific discoveries?Sir Isaac Newton162. How did Deism, the religion of the Enlightenment, portray God?He was now seen as the great architect of nature163. “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” was a famously powerful and influential sermon delivered by what Great Awakening preacher?Jonathan Edwards164. The young colonial governments quickly learned that the most powerful lever of influence they had over their governors was what power?Money。